The Norman or Varangian theory, which reveals aspects of the formation of statehood in Russia, is based on one simple thesis - the calling of the Varangian prince Rurik by the Novgorodians to manage and protect the large territory of the tribal union of the Slovenes of Ilmen. Thus, the answer to the question of what event the emergence of the dynasty is associated with is quite understandable.
This thesis is present in the ancient one written by Nestor. At the moment it is controversial, but one fact is still undeniable - Rurik became the founder of the whole dynasty of sovereigns who ruled not only in Kyiv, but also in other cities of the Russian land, including Moscow, and that is why the dynasty of the rulers of Russia was called the Rurikovichi.
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History of the dynasty: the beginning
The pedigree is quite complex, it is not so easy to understand it, but it is very easy to trace the beginning of the Rurik dynasty.
Rurik
Rurik became the first prince in his dynasty. Its origin is a highly controversial issue. Some historians suggest that he was from a noble Varangian-Scandinavian family.
Rurik's ancestors came from the merchant Hedeby (Scandinavia) and were related to Ragnar Lodbrok himself. Other historians, distinguishing between the concepts of "Norman" and "Varangian", believe that Rurik was of a Slavic family, perhaps he was related to the Novgorod prince Gostomysl (it is believed that Gostomysl was his grandfather), and for a long time lived with his family on the island of Rügen .
Most likely, he was a jarl, that is, he had a military squad and kept boats, engaging in trade and sea robbery. But with his calling first to Staraya Ladoga, and then to Novgorod, the beginning of the dynasty is connected.
Rurik was called to Novgorod in 862 (when he began to rule is, of course, unknown, historians rely on data from the PVL). The chronicler claims that he came not alone, but with two brothers - Sinius and Truvor (traditional Varangian names or nicknames). Rurik settled in Staraya Ladoga, Sinius on Beloozero, and Truvor in Izborsk. It's interesting that any other mention there are no brothers in PVL. The beginning of the dynasty is not connected with them.
Oleg and Igor
Rurik died in 879, leaving young son Igor(or Ingvar, according to the Scandinavian tradition). A combatant, and possibly a relative of Rurik, Oleg (Helg) was supposed to rule on behalf of his son until he came of age.
Attention! There is a version that Oleg ruled not just as a relative or confidant, but as an elected jarl, that is, he had all the political rights to power according to Scandinavian and Varangian laws. The fact that he transferred power to Igor could really mean that he was his close relative, possibly a nephew, the son of a sister (according to the Scandinavian tradition, an uncle is closer than a father; boys in Scandinavian families were given to be raised by their maternal uncle).
How many years reigned Oleg? He successfully ruled the young state until 912. It was he who had the merit of completely conquering the path “from the Varangians to the Greeks” and capturing Kyiv, then his place was taken by Igor (already as the ruler of Kyiv), by that time married to a girl from Polotsk (according to one of the versions) - Olga.
Olga and Svyatoslav
Igor's reign can't be called successful.. He was killed by the Drevlyans in 945 during an attempt to take a double tribute from their capital, Iskorosten. Since Igor's only son, Svyatoslav, was still small, the throne in Kyiv, by common decision of the boyars and squads, was taken by his widow Olga.
Svyatoslav ascended the throne of Kyiv in 957. He was a warrior prince and never stayed long in his capital. rapidly growing state. Even during his lifetime, he divided the lands of Russia between his three sons: Vladimir, Yaropolk and Oleg. Vladimir (illegitimate son) he gave Novgorod the Great as inheritance. He imprisoned Oleg (the younger) in Iskorosten, and left the elder Yaropolk in Kyiv.
Attention! Historians know the name of Vladimir's mother, it is also known that she was a whitewashed servant, that is, she could not become the wife of the ruler. Perhaps Vladimir was the eldest son of Svyatoslav, his firstborn. That is why he was recognized as a father. Yaropolk and Oleg were born from the legal wife of Svyatoslav, possibly a Bulgarian princess, but they were younger than Vladimir in age. All this, subsequently, influenced the relationship of the brothers and led to the first princely civil strife in Russia.
Yaropolk and Vladimir
Svyatoslav died in 972 on the island of Khortytsya(Dnieper rapids). After his death, Yaropolk occupied the throne of Kyiv for several years. A war for power in the state began between him and his brother Vladimir, which ended with the murder of Yaropolk and the victory of Vladimir, who eventually became the next prince of Kyiv. Vladimir ruled from 980 to 1015. His main merit is Baptism of Russia and the Russian people into the Orthodox faith.
Yaroslav and his sons
Immediately after his death, an internecine war broke out between the sons of Vladimir, as a result of which one of the eldest sons of Vladimir from the Polotsk princess Ragneda, Yaroslav, occupied the throne.
Important! In 1015, the Kyiv throne was occupied by Svyatopolk (later nicknamed the Accursed). He was not Vladimir's own son. His father was Yaropolk, after whose death Vladimir took his wife as his wife, and recognized the born child as his firstborn.
Yaroslav reigned until 1054. After his death, ladder law came into force - the transfer of the Kyiv throne and the "younger" in seniority in the Rurik family.
The Kyiv throne was occupied by the eldest son of Yaroslav - Izyaslav, Chernigov (the next in "seniority" throne) - Oleg, Pereyaslavsky - the youngest son of Yaroslav Vsevolod.
For a long time, the sons of Yaroslav lived peacefully, observing the precepts of their father, but, in the end, the struggle for power moved into an active phase and Russia entered the era of feudal fragmentation.
Pedigree of Rurikovich. The first Kyiv princes (table or Rurik dynasty scheme with dates, by generation)
| Generation | Prince's name | Years of government |
| 1st generation | Rurik | 862-879 (Novgorod reign) |
| Oleg (Prophetic) | 879 - 912 (Novgorod and Kiev reign) | |
| II | Igor Rurikovich | 912-945 (Kiev reign) |
| Olga | 945-957 | |
| III | Svyatoslav Igorevich | 957-972 |
| IV | Yaropolk Svyatoslavich | 972-980 |
| Oleg Svyatoslavich | Prince-viceroy in Iskorosten, died in 977 | |
| Vladimir Svyatoslavich (Saint) | 980-1015 | |
| V | Svyatopolk Yaropolkovich (stepson of Vladimir) Cursed | 1015-1019 |
| Yaroslav Vladimirovich (Wise) | 1019-1054 | |
| VI | Izyaslav Yaroslavovich | 1054-1073; 1076-1078 (Kiev reign) |
| Svyatoslav Yaroslavovich (Chernigov) | 1073-1076 (Kiev reign) | |
| Vsevolod Yaroslavovich (Pereyaslavsky) | 1078-1093 (Kiev reign) |
Pedigree of the Rurikovichs of the period of Feudal fragmentation
It is incredibly difficult to trace the dynastic line of the Rurik dynasty during the period of feudal fragmentation, since the ruling princely the family has grown to its maximum. The main branches of the clan at the first stage of feudal fragmentation can be considered the Chernihiv and Pereyaslav lines, as well as the Galician line, which must be discussed separately. The Galician princely house originates from the eldest son of Yaroslav the Wise, Vladimir, who died during the life of his father, and whose heirs received Galich as inheritance.
It is important to note that all representatives of the clan sought to occupy the Kyiv throne, since in this case they were considered the rulers of the entire state.
Galician heirs
Chernihiv house
Pereyaslav house
With the Pereyaslav house, which was nominally considered the youngest, everything is much more complicated. It was the descendants of Vsevolod Yaroslavovich who gave rise to the Vladimir-Suzdal and Moscow Rurikoviches. Principal Representatives of this house were:
- Vladimir Vsevolodovich (Monomakh) - was the Kyiv prince in 1113-1125 (VII generation);
- Mstislav (Great) - the eldest son of Monomakh, was the Kyiv prince in 1125-1132 (VIII generation);
- Yuri (Dolgoruky) - the youngest son of Monomakh, became the ruler of Kyiv several times, the last in 1155-1157 (VIII generation).
Mstislav Vladimirovich gave rise to the Volyn House of Rurikovich, and Yuri Vladimirovich - to Vladimir-Suzdal.
Volyn house
Pedigree of Rurikovich: Vladimir-Suzdal house
The Vladimir-Suzdal house became the main house in Russia after the death of Mstislav the Great. The princes who made their capital first Suzdal, and then Vladimir-on-Klyazma, played a key role in the political history of the period of the Horde invasion.
Important! Daniil of Galitsky and Alexander Nevsky are known not only as contemporaries, but also as rivals for the grand ducal label, and they also had a fundamentally different approach to faith - Alexander adhered to Orthodoxy, and Daniil converted to Catholicism in exchange for the opportunity to receive the title of King of Kyiv.
Pedigree of Rurikovich: Moscow House
In the final period of feudal fragmentation, the House of Rurikovich had more than 2,000 members (princes and junior princely families). Gradually, the leading positions were taken by the Moscow House, which traces its pedigree from the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky, Daniil Alexandrovich.
Gradually, the Moscow House grand-ducal was transformed into a royal. Why did this happen? Including thanks to dynastic marriages, as well as the successful domestic and foreign policies of individual representatives of the House. The Moscow Rurikovichs did a gigantic job of "gathering" the lands around Moscow and overthrowing the Tatar-Mongol Yoke.
Moscow Ruriks (chart with dates of reign)
| Generation (from Rurik in a direct male line) | Prince's name | Years of government | Significant marriages |
| XI generation | Alexander Yaroslavovich (Nevsky) | Prince of Novgorod, Grand Duke of the Horde label from 1246 to 1263 | _____ |
| XII | Daniil Alexandrovich Moskovsky | 1276-1303 (Moscow reign) | _____ |
| XIII | Yuri Daniilovich | 1317-1322 (Moscow reign) | |
| Ivan I Daniilovich (Kalita) | 1328-1340 (Great Vladimir and Moscow reign) | _____ | |
| XIV | Semyon Ivanovich (Proud) | 1340-1353 (Moscow and Great Vladimir reign) | |
| Ivan II Ivanovich (Red) | 1353-1359 (Moscow and Great Vladimir reign) | ||
| XV | Dmitry Ivanovich (Donskoy) | 1359-1389 (Moscow reign, and from 1363 to 1389 - the Great Vladimir reign) | Evdokia Dmitrievna, the only daughter of Dmitry Konstantinovich (Rurikovich), the Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod prince; accession to the Moscow principality of all territories of the principality of Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod |
| XVI | Vasily I Dmitrievich | 1389-1425 | Sofya Vitovtovna, Daughter of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vitovt (complete reconciliation of the princes of Lithuania with the ruling Moscow house) |
| XVII | Vasily II Vasilyevich (Dark) | 1425-1462 | _____ |
| XVIII | Ivan III Vasilievich | 1462 - 1505 | In the second marriage with Sophia Paleolog (niece of the last Byzantine emperor); nominal right: to be considered the successor of the imperial Byzantine crown and Caesar (king) |
| XIX | Vasily III Vasilyevich | 1505-1533 | In the second marriage with Elena Glinskaya, a representative of a wealthy Lithuanian family, leading its origin from the Serbian rulers and Mamai (according to legend) |
| XX |
Obolensky - Russian princely family
Obolensky
Obolensky - Russian princely family, a branch of the princes of Chernigov. A branch of the princes of Tarusa.
The ancestor is the son of Prince Yuri Mikhailovich Tarussky - Prince Konstantin Yuryevich (XIII generation from Rurik), who received from his father a parish along the Protva River, where the city of Obolensk later arose. His grandson Konstantin Ivanovich was killed by the Lithuanians in 1368 on the way to Moscow. Two sons of Konstantin were mentioned in 1375 among the participants in Dmitry Ivanovich's campaign against Tver. In the second half of the 14th century, the grandchildren of Konstantin took Moscow citizenship until 1449, moving into the service of the Grand Dukes of Moscow, occupying a prominent position among the Moscow nobility, but at the same time retaining possessions in Obolensk. Many representatives of the family in the XV-XVI centuries occupied high administrative and military positions, many were boyars.
Dmitry Donskoy on the Kulikovo field. 1824. Oil on canvas. 131.5x194 cm State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg
In his book, G. A. Vlasyev wrote:
“The family of princes Obolensky represents one of the most remarkable branches of the offspring of Rurik. In the 15th and 16th centuries, not a single clan exhibited, in comparison with it, so many famous figures, both in the administrative and, in particular, in the military field. His representatives ... contributed to the Grand Duke Vasily Vasilyevich the Dark to defeat the sedition of Shemyaki, and thereby save for Russia such a major royal personality as John III Vasilyevich, who, like his son ... Vasily Ioannovich, owed a lot to the labors and exploits of the Obolensky princes in the final unification and the dispensation of the Muscovite state. In the same way, in the reign of Ivan IV the Terrible, we see a lot of remarkable military figures from the family of princes Obolensky, until the scourge of this Sovereign touched his best members and destroyed most of them with undeserved persecutions and executions. - After that, throughout the entire duration of the 17th and 18th centuries, the family, as if tired of excessive activity, does not single out almost a single outstanding personality from its midst, and only in the 19th century and at the present time, as if rested, again appears in the field state activities".
Vasily II Vasilyevich Dark
Ivan III Vasilievich
At the end of the 16th century, the family suffered greatly from the oprichnina of Ivan the Terrible, many members of the family were executed along with their families, some fled to Lithuania. As a result, in the XVII-XVIII centuries, few of the Obolensky princes achieved a prominent position.
Apollinary Mikhailovich Vasnetsov.
Courtyard of the specific prince.
Only in the 19th century did the clan again appear in the field of state activity.
Under the sons, grandsons and great-grandchildren of Prince Ivan Konstantinovich Obolensky, the family was divided into many branches, which adopted mostly double surnames by the nicknames of their ancestral princes. For the most part, they died out in the 16th-17th centuries, with the exception of the Repnins, Tyufyakins and the Obolenskys proper, which are two branches starting back in the 19th generation. The first, very extensive, from Prince Mikhail Konstantinovich Sukhorukiy Obolensky (son of Konstantin Semenovich Obolensky, the ancestor of the Obolensky princes), the second, small, from his other son, Prince Vasily Konstantinovich, who had the nickname "White", which is why his descendants were usually called "princes Obolensky-White".
Prince Sergei Alexandrovich Obolensky (1819-1882) was allowed in 1870 to take his mother's surname and be called Prince Obolensky-Neledinsky-Meletsky. The clan of princes Obolensky is included in the genealogical books of the provinces of Kaluga, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Penza, Ryazan, Simbirsk, Tula.
All Rurikoviches were descendants of formerly independent princes, descended from two sons of Yaroslav the Wise: the third son of Svyatoslav (Svyatoslavichi with branches) and the fourth son, Vsevolod (Vsevolodovichi, who are better known along the line of his eldest son as Monomakhovichi). This explains the tough and prolonged political struggle in the 30-40s of the XII century. it was between the Svyatoslavichs and the Monomashichs at the grand-ducal table after the death of Mstislav the Great. The eldest of the sons of Svyatoslav Yaroslavich - Yaroslav became the ancestor of the Ryazan princes. Of these, as part of the Russian boyars of the XVI-XVII centuries. only the descendants of the specific princes of the Ryazan land remained - the princes of Pronsky. Some editions of genealogical books consider the descendants of the Ryazan princes of Yeletsky, others derive them from another son of Svyatoslav, Oleg, who reigned in the Chernihiv lands. The genera of the Chernigov princes trace their origin from the three sons of Mikhail Vsevolodovich (great-great-grandson of Oleg Svyatoslavich) - Semyon, Yuri, Mstislav. Glukhovsky prince Semyon Mikhailovich became the ancestor of the princes Vorotynsky, Odoevsky. Prince of Tarusa Yuri Mikhailovich - Mezetsky, Baryatinsky, Obolensky. Karachaevsky Mstislav Mikhailovich-Mosalsky, Zvenigorodsky. Of the princes of Obolensky, later many princely families emerged, among which the most famous are the Shcherbatovs, Repnins, Serebryany, Dolgorukovs.
More births came from Vsevolod Yaroslavovich and his son, Vladimir Monomakh. The descendants of the eldest son of Monomakh - Mstislav the Great, the last Grand Duke of Kievan Rus, were numerous Smolensk princes, of whom the Vyazemsky and Kropotkin families are most famous. Another branch of the Monomashich descended from Yuri Dolgoruky and his son, Vsevolod the Big Nest. His eldest son, Konstantin Vsevolodovich, bequeathed to his sons: Vasilka - Rostov and Beloozero, Vsevolod - Yaroslavl. Rostov princes descend from the eldest son of Vasilko Konstantinovich - Boris (of which the Shchepin, Katyrev, Buynosov families are most famous). From the second son of Vasilko Konstantinovich - Gleb went the birth of Belozersky princes, among them - the princes of Ukhtomsky, Sheleshpansky, Vadbolsky, Beloselsky. The only heir of the Yaroslavl prince Vsevolod Konstantinovich, Vasily, had no sons. His daughter Maria married Prince Fyodor Rostislavich from the family of the Smolensk princes and brought the Yaroslavl principality as a dowry, in which a change of dynasties (different branches of the Monomashichs) took place in this way.
Another son of Vsevolod the Big Nest, Yaroslav, became the founder of several princely dynasties. From his eldest son Alexander Nevsky, through his son Daniil Alexandrovich, the dynasty of Moscow princes went, who later became the central link in the unification process. The brothers of Alexander Nevsky - Andrei Suzdalsky and Yaroslav of Tverskoy became the founders of these princely families. Of the Sudal princes, the most famous are the Shuisky princes, who gave Russia at the beginning of the 17th century. king. Tver princes throughout the XIV century. waged a fierce struggle with representatives of the Moscow house for the grand prince's table, with the help of the Horde, physically exterminating their opponents. As a result, the Moscow princes became the ruling dynasty and did not have family formations. The Tver branch was cut short after the flight to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania of its last Grand Duke, Mikhail Borisovich (1485), and the inclusion of these lands in the national territory. The composition of the Russian boyars included the descendants of the specific princes of the Tver land - the princes Mikulinsky, Telyatevsky, Kholmsky. The youngest son of Vsevolod the Big Nest - Ivan received Starodub Ryapolovsky (east of capital Vladimir) as an inheritance. Of the descendants of this branch, the most famous are the Pozharsky, Romodanovsky and Paletsky families.
Gediminovichi. Another group of princely families were the Gediminoviches, the descendants of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Gedimin, who ruled in 1316-1341. Gedimin led an active policy of conquest and was the first to call himself "King of Lithuanians and Russians." Territorial expansion continued under his sons, Olgerd was especially active (Algirdas, 1345-77). In the XIII-XIV centuries. the lands of the future Belarus and Ukraine were conquered by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Poland, Hungary, and here the sovereignty of the hereditary lines of the Rurikoviches was lost. Under Olgerd, the Chernihiv-Seversky, Kyiv, Podolsk, Volyn, Smolensk lands became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The Gediminovich family was quite branched, his descendants were on thrones in different principalities, and one of his grandsons, Jagiello Olgerdovich, after the signing of the Kreva Union in 1385, became the founder of the Polish royal dynasty of the Jagiellons. The descendants of Gediminas, who settled in the reigns in the lands that were previously part of Kievan Rus, or transferred to the Moscow service in the process of forming the state territory of Russia, are called Russian Gediminoviches. Most of them come from the two sons of Gediminas - Narimant and Olgerd. One of their branches came from the eldest grandson of Gediminas - Patrikey Narimantovich. Under Basil I at the beginning of the fifteenth century. Two sons of Patrikey, Fedor and Yuri, transferred to the Moscow service. The son of Fedor - Vasily on the estates on the river. Khovanke received the nickname Khovansky and became the ancestor of this princely family. Prominent politicians Vasily and Ivan Yurievich were called the Patrikeevs. The sons of Vasily Yuryevich were Ivan Bulgak and Daniil Shchenya, the founders of the princes Bulgakov and Shchenyatev. The Bulgakovs, in turn, were divided into Golitsyns and Kurakins - from the sons of Ivan Bulgak, Mikhail Golitsa and Andrei Kuraki. His distant descendant Fyodor Mikhailovich Mstislavsky left for Russia in 1526. The Trubetskoy and Belsky descended from the famous Grand Duke of Lithuania Olgerd. The great-grandson of Dmitry Olgerdovich Trubetskoy (in the city of Trubetskoy) Ivan Yuryevich and his nephews Andrei, Ivan and Fedor Ivanovich in 1500 passed into Russian citizenship along with their small principality. The grandson of Dmitry Olgerdovich's brother - Vladimir Belsky - Fyodor Ivanovich went to the Russian service in 1482. All the Gediminoviches occupied a high official and political position in Russia and played a prominent role in the history of the country.
The origin of the princely families of Rurikovich and Gediminovich is more clearly shown in the diagrams. (Tables 1, 2, 3)
Table 1. Scheme of the origin of the main princely families of Rurikovich
Table 2. Rurikovich
Table 3. Scheme of the origin of the main princely families of the Russian Gediminids
The saying “all people are brothers” has a genealogical basis. It's not just that we are all distant descendants of the biblical Adam. In the light of the topic under consideration, another ancestor stands out, whose descendants made up a significant layer in the social structure of feudal Russia. This is Rurik, the conditional ancestor of the "natural" Russian princes. Although he had never been to Kyiv, and even more so to Vladimir and Moscow, everyone who occupied the grand ducal tables until the end of the 16th century considered themselves his descendants, thus substantiating their political and land rights. In the increase in offspring, new princely branches appeared already from real ancestors, and in order to distinguish them from each other (including from the standpoint of tribal possessions and priority rights to it), first tribal nicknames appear, and then surnames.
Two main stages can be distinguished. The first is the formation of princely branches, the assignment to them of names ending in -ich, -ovich (X-XIII centuries, ancient and specific Russia). It is not known how they called themselves, but in the chronicles they are called Monomashichi (Monomakhovichi), Olgovichi (Olegovichi), etc. In the first patronymic (from the name-nickname of the ancestor) names of the princely branches, belonging to the princely family was emphasized, and the seniority of the branch was determined by the name of the ancestor, which, first of all, with the ladder (next) right of inheritance determined possessory rights. A significant reason for the absence of toponymic surnames among the specific princes of the pre-Moscow period was that they passed by seniority from inheritance to inheritance. Surnames derived from the name of the area appear after the liquidation of the next right of inheritance. In this case, the carriers of toponymic surnames were, as a rule, from among the service princes, less often from the old Moscow boyars. In this case, the suffix -sky, -sky was used: Volynsky, Shuisky, Shakhovskoy, etc. At the same time, the surnames often did not reflect the former possessive rights, but simply the area from which their carriers transferred to the Moscow service, especially among the "outgoers" - Cherkassky, Meshchersky, Siberian, etc.
The second stage falls on the period of formation of the Russian centralized state. There is a growth of princely branches and the formation of new clans, each of which is assigned its own nickname, at the turn of the 15th-16th centuries. turning into a surname. The specific hierarchy is replaced by localism - a system of service correspondence of clans in relation to each other and the monarch. Surnames appear at this stage, as if by official (hierarchical) necessity, are assigned to offspring, outwardly emphasizing belonging to a genus that occupied a certain social niche. V. B. Korbin believes that in Russia the design of princely surnames is directly related to the emergence of the category of “serving” princes (XV century). Already in the Moscow service, these princely families gave offshoots, each of which was assigned not only land holdings, but also surnames, as a rule, patronymic ones. So, Khilkovs, Tatevs stood out from the princes of Starodub; from Yaroslavl - Troekurovs, Ushatye; from the Obolenskys - Nogotkovs, Strigins, Kashins (for details, see Table 1).
In the 16th century, the process of forming surnames among the boyars was actively going on. A well-known example is the evolution of the nickname of the family, which gave a new royal dynasty at the beginning of the 17th century. Five sons of Andrey Kobyla became the founders of 17 famous families of Russia, each of which had its own surname. The Romanovs began to be called that only from the middle of the 16th century. Their ancestors are Kobylins, Koshkins, Zakharyins, Yurievs. But even during this period, the central government preferred surnames formed from personal nicknames. Sometimes territorial names were preserved as a kind of prefix. This is how double surnames appeared, while the first one indicated the ancestor and was patronymic, the second one reflected the common affiliation, and, as a rule, toponymic: Zolotye-Obolensky, Shchepin-Obolensky, Tokmakov-Zvenigorodsky, Ryumin-Zvenigorodsky, Sosunov-Zasekin, etc. d. Double surnames reflected not only the incompleteness of the process of their formation, but also the peculiar policy of the great Moscow princes, aimed at interrupting tribal territorial ties. It also mattered when and how the lands recognized Moscow's supremacy. Rostov, Obolensky, Zvenigorodsky and a number of other clans retained territorial names in their offspring, but Starodubsky were not allowed to be called by this generic name even in the middle of the 17th century, as evidenced by a petition addressed to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich from Grigory Romodanovsky, who represented the interests of the older branch of this, once powerful but disgraced kind. By the way, a possible reason for the ban on the part of the Romanovs could be that toponymic surnames indirectly reminded of the tribal seniority of the Rurikovichs. Officially, the nobles were allowed to be called, in addition to their surnames, the name of land holdings. A charter to the nobility (1785). However, by that time the surnames had already settled down, the nature of land relations had fundamentally changed, and this tradition, popular in Europe, did not take root in Russia. Of the families of Russian “natural” princes that existed at the end of the 19th century, Karnovich E.P. has 14 whose surnames were formed from the names of estates: Mosalsky, Yelets, Zvenigorodsky, Rostov, Vyazemsky, Baryatinsky, Obolensky, Shekhonsky, Prozorovsky, Vadbolsky, Sheleshpansky, Ukhtomsky, Beloselsky, Volkonsky.
Below are the main princely families of the Rurikoviches and the Russian branch of the Gediminoviches with the branches formed from them with the surnames assigned to them (Tables 4, 5).
Table 4. Rurikovich. Monomashici
|
Genealogical branch. |
Principalities, specific principalities |
Surnames of princely families |
Founder of the clan |
|
Yurievichi. From Vsevolod the Big Nest, Prince. Pereyaslavsky, led. book. vlad. 1176-1212 |
Suzdal, Pereyaslavl-Zalesskoe. Destinies: Pozharsky, Starodubsky, Ryapolovsky, Paletsky, Yurievsky |
Pozharsky |
Vasily, Prince fireman, mind. 1380 Ivan Nogavitsa, Prince Ryapolovsky, late XIV - early XV centuries. |
|
Suzdal branch. From Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, Prince. Pereyaslavl-Zalessky 1212-36, Grand Prince. vlad. 1238-1246 |
Suzdal, Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod. Destinies: Gorodetsky, Kostroma, Dmitrovsky, Volotsky, Shuisky. In 1392, Nizhny Novgorod was annexed to Moscow, to the middle. 15th century all the lands of the former Suzdal Principality became part of the Moscow Principality. |
Shuisky, Blidi-Shuisike, Skopin-Shuisky |
Yuri, Prince Shuisky, 1403-? Dmitry Nail, mind. 1375 |
|
Rostov branch. Yurievichi. The ancestor of the dynasty - Vasily Konstantinovich, Prince. Rostov 1217-1238 |
Rostov principality (after 1238). Destinies: Belozersky, Uglichsky, Galichsky, Sheleshpansky, Puzhbolsky, Kemsko-Sugorsky, Kargolomsky, Ukhtomsky, Beloselsky, Andomsky |
Sheleshpanskie |
Athanasius, Prince Sheleshpansky, Tue. floor. 14th century Roman, book. Beloselsky, n.XV century. |
|
Zaslva branch |
Principality of Zaslav |
Zaslavsky. |
Yuri Vasilyevich, 1500 Branch existing until the middle of the XVII century. |
|
Ostroh branch Yaroslavl branch. First Yaroslav. book. Vsevolod Constant. (1218-38) from Yuryevichi. Then his children Vasily (1239-49) and Konstantin (1249-57) reigned, after them the Yuryevich branch was cut short. New Yaroslav. the dynasty was established in Tues. floor. XIII century, comes from Smolensk Rostislavich from Fedor Rostislavovich Prince of Smolensk. Mind. in 1299 Smolensk branch. Rostislavichi of Smolensk. Rodonach. Rostislav Mstislavovich, Prince. resinous 1125-59, 1161, led. book. Kyiv. 1154, 1159-67. |
Principality of Ostrog Yaroslavl principality. Destinies : M Olozhsky, Kastoitsky, Romanovsky, Sheksnensky, Shumorovsky, Novlensky, Shakhovskoy, Shekhonsky, Smolensk prince-in Destinies: Vyazemsky th, |
Ostrozhsky Novlensky, Yukhotsky Zaozersky, Kubensky Shakhovskie Bristles, Dark Blue, Sandyrevs, Zasekins (older branch) Zasekins (younger branch, Sosunovy Zasekins, Solntsev-Zasekins, Fat-Zasekins. Deeva Youth Prozorovskie Shumorovskys, Shamins, Golygins Kurbsky Alabishevs, Alenkins Troekurovs Vyazemsky, Zhilinsky, Vsevolozhsky, Zabolotsky, Shukalovsky, Gubastov, Kislyaevsky, Rozhdestvensky. |
Vasily Romanovich, Prince Slonimsky, 1281-82, Ostrozhsky, early. 13th century Ivan Zaseka Fedor Mortka Vasily, prince of Ugric, per.pol.XV Semyon, ser. XV century, book. Kurbian Mikhail Zyalo |
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Tver branch. Ancestor Mikhail Yaroslavovich (younger), Prince. Tver 1282(85)-1319. Vsevolod the Big Nest. (Yurievichi.Vsevolodovichi) |
Tver Prince. Destinies: Kashinsky, Dorogobuzhsky, Mikulinsky, Kholmsky, Chernyatensky, Staritsky, Zubtsovsky, Telyatevsky. |
Dorogobuzh. Mikulinsky Kholmsky, Chernyatinsky, Vatutin, Punkov, Telyatevsky. |
Andrew, Prince Dorogobuzh, n.XV century |
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RURIKOV |
OLGOVICHI. |
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Mikhailovichi. |
Destinies: |
Osovitsky, |
|
|
Karachay branch. It stood out in the XIII century. from the family of Svyatoslavich Chernigov. Descendants of Oleg Svyatoslavovich, prince of Chernigov. 1097, Seversky 1097-1115 Tmutarakansky 1083-1115, Volynsky 1074-77 . |
Destinies: Mosalsky, Zvenigorodsky, Bolkhovskaya, Yeletsky |
Mosalsky (Braslav and Volkoviysk branches) Satins, Shokurovs Bolkhovskiye Zvenigorodsky, Yeletsky. Nozdrovatye, Nozdrovatye-Zvenigorodsky, Tokmakov-Zvenigorodsky, Zventsov-Zvenigorodsky Shistov-Zvenigorodsky, Ryumin-Zvenigorodsky Paunches. |
Semyon Klubok, trans. floor. 15th century Dmitry Glushakov. |
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Tarusian branch. Separated from Olgovichi ( Svyatoslavich Chernihiv) on Tue. half of XIII century |
Destinies: Obolensky, Tarussky, Volkonsky, Peninsky, Trostenetsky, Myshetsky, Spassky, Kaninsky |
Pieninsky, Trostenetsky, Gorensky, Obolensky, Eyed-Obolensky, Tyufyakin. |
Ivan Menshoy Tolstaya Head, Prince Volkons., XV century. Dmitry Schepa, From Vasily Telepnya |
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RURIKOV |
IZYASLAVOVICHI |
(Turov) |
|
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Izyaslavovichi Turov. Ancestor Izyaslav Yaroslavovich, Prince. Turovsky 1042-52, Novgorod., 1052-54, Great Prince. Kiev.1054–78 |
Turov Prince. Destinies: Chetvertinsky, Sokolsky. |
Chetvertinsky, Sokolsky. Chetvertinsky-Sokolsky. |
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|
RURIKOV |
SVYATOSLAVICHI |
(Chernihiv) |
|
|
Pron branch. Ancestor Alexander Mikhailovich mind. 1339. |
Principality of Pron. |
Pronsky-Shemyakins Pronskie-Turuntai |
Ivan Shemyaka, Moscow. boyar from 1549 |
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RURIKOV |
IZYASLAVOVICHI |
(Polotsk) |
|
|
Drutskaya branch |
Drutsk Prince. Specific reign |
Drutsky-Sokolinsky. |
Table 5. Gediminovichi
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Genealogical branch. |
Principalities, specific principalities |
Surnames of princely families |
Founder of the clan |
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Gediminovichi Ancestor Gediminas, led. book. Lithuanian 1316-41 Narimantovichi. Evnutovichi Keystutovichi. Lyubartovichi. |
Grand Duke of Lithuania. Destinies: Polotsk, Kernovskoe, Ladoga, Pinsk, Lutsk, Izheslav, Vitebsk, Novogrudskoe, Lyubarskoe |
Monvidovichi. Narimantovichi, Patrikeyevs, Shchenyatevs, Bulgakov Kurakins. Golitsyns Khovansky Izheslavsky, Mstislavsky |
Monvid, Prince. Kernovsky, mind. 1339 Patrikey Narimantovich Keystut, mind. 1382 Lubart, Prince of Lutsk, 1323-34, 1340-84; |
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Olgerdovichi The ancestor Olgerd, Prince. Vitebsk, 1327-51, led. book. lit. 1345-77. |
Destinies: |
Andreevichi. Dmitrievichi.. Trubetskoy. Vladimirovichi. Fedorovichi. Lukomsky. Jagiellons. Koributovichi. Semenovichi. |
Andrei (Wingolt), Prince. Polotsk 1342-76, 1386-99. Pskov 1343-49, 1375-85. Constantine, d.1386 |
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Other Gediminovichi |
Sagushki, Kurtsevichi, Kurtsevichi-Buremilsky, Kurtsevichi-Bulygi. Kroshinsky. Voronetsky. Voynich. Nesviz. Wars. |
Dmitry Bobrok (Bobrok-Volynsky), Prince. Bobrotsky, a service prince of Moscow. |
Milevich S.V. - Methodological guide for studying the course of genealogy. Odessa, 2000.
ABOUT THE KIND OF PRINCES GOLITSYNYH
The direct ancestor of the princes Golitsyn appeared in Russia in 1408. Behind the stingy lines of the annals one can see the solemn arrival in Moscow of the "visiting" Prince Patrikey from Lithuania. He came to the service of the Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily - the son of the famous Dmitry Donskoy "with his whole house": close and distant relatives, with the court and squad, household members and firemen, servants and servants. The ceremonial entry could not have done, one must think, without princely banners, on which a knight in armor and with a raised sword was depicted galloping on a horse. This knight - the traditional Lithuanian "chase", which, by the way, adorns both the family coat of arms of the princes Golitsyns and the state emblem of the current Republic of Lithuania - was the heraldic sign of the sovereign Lithuanian sovereigns: Prince Patrikey was the great-grandson of Gediminas - the Grand Duke of Lithuania, a long-term ruler and ruler of Litish.
The Moscow Sovereign received Prince Patrikey "with great honor", and he immediately took one of the first places in the Russian state hierarchy. The reason for this is not only the high origin of the “visiting” prince, not only political calculation: it was beneficial for Moscow to attract Lithuanian nobles to its side. Prince Patrikey was a relative of the family of the Moscow Sovereigns, a second cousin of Sophia Vitovtovna, the wife of Grand Duke Vasily. Let us immediately add that the son of Prince Patrikey, Yuri, later married the daughter of the Grand Duke Anna, and thereby finally secured the relationship of immigrants from Lithuania with the Moscow Grand Duke's house.
The closest descendants of Prince Patrikey became the founders of many princely families, well known in Russian history under the collective name of the Gediminoviches - the Khovansky, Pinsky, Volsky, Chartoryzhsky, Golitsyn, Trubetskoy, Kurakin ...
Actually, the Golitsyns descend from the great-grandson of Yuri Patrikeevich - Prince Mikhail, nicknamed Golitsa. The golits were then called iron gauntlets, which the knights wore in battle. According to legend, Prince Michael got his nickname because he put on his head only on one hand.
The ancestor of the Golitsyns was a roundabout of the Grand Duke Vasily III and an unfortunate governor: on September 8, 1514, in the infamous battle of Orsha, the Lithuanians defeated the Russian army, commanded by Prince Mikhail Golitsa and the boyar Chelyadnin. N. M. Karamzin, in his History of the Russian State, talking about this battle, notes that there was no agreement between both governors, that they did not want to help each other and acted in discord. Moreover, in the heat of battle, Chelyadnin seems to have betrayed Prince Mikhail and fled the battlefield. This, however, did not save him - both governors and another one and a half thousand nobles then fell into Lithuanian captivity, and all of Russia lost thirty thousand soldiers that day. Prince Mikhail Golitsa spent 38 years in captivity and returned to Russia only in 1552, when his fourth cousin Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible conquered the Kazan Khanate.
Which of the Golitsyns, who inscribed their name in the history of Russia, should be mentioned in this short essay? The historian wrote that "the Golitsyn family is the most numerous of the Russian aristocratic families" (the second largest family is the family of the princes Dolgorukov). In addition, the Golitsyns were always "in sight", always occupied significant government positions, were near the Tsar's, and later the Imperial throne. Even dry figures testify to the significance of the clan and its role in the history of our Fatherland. There were 22 boyars in the Golitsyn family: no other family - Russia had so many boyars - the closest advisers to the Moscow Sovereigns. Among the Golitsyns there were two field marshals, 50 generals and admirals, 22 Knights of St. George, the Order of St. George was given only for military merit. Many Golitsyns participated in the Patriotic War of 1812, four fell in its battles, two of them on the Borodino field. Prince Alexander Borisovich Golitsyn was the permanent adjutant of the Commander-in-Chief Field Marshal Kutuzov throughout the campaign and left interesting Notes on the Patriotic War.
The Golitsyns always guarded the honor of the family as it was understood in this or that historical era. During the time of localism, one even suffered because of this, but did not drop the dignity of the family: the Duma boyar Ivan Vasilyevich Golitsyn categorically refused to sit at the Tsar's wedding table "below" the Shuisky princes. Because of this, he preferred not to appear at all at the wedding of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich in 1624, for which he was exiled with his family to Perm, where he soon died.
Such cases, however, were few. More often, the Moscow Sovereigns favored the Golitsyns and even passed off their relatives for them. It has already been mentioned about the relationship of Prince Patrikey and Patrikeevich with the House of Moscow Rurikovich. Continuing this theme, one can also point to the relationship of the Golitsyns in the female line with the Romanov dynasty. Prince Ivan Andreevich Golitsyn, for example, was married to the closest relative of the wife of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich - Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya, Princess Praskovya Dmitrievna Golitsyna was married to Fyodor Naryshkin and was an aunt of Peter the Great, and Princess Natalya Golitsyna was his cousin.
One of the Golitsyns, Prince Vasily Vasilyevich, was called "Great" by foreigners. In Russia, however, this nickname was not assigned to him for obvious reasons. However, his merits in governing the state were really great, and, of course, his role was not limited only to being close to Princess Sofya Alekseevna, as other historical novelists primitively try to imagine. Prince Vasily Vasilyevich served the Fatherland and the Throne for more than 30 years. Here is just a list of his positions and titles: Sovereign stolnik and chashnik, Sovereign driver, chief steward, boyar of Tsar Fedor Alekseevich, head of the Ambassadorial order, yard voivode and, finally, “the royal state Great Seal saver, governor of Novgorod and close boyar”. After Peter the Great imprisoned Princess Sophia in a monastery, her "right hand" Prince Vasily Vasilyevich was deprived of ranks, titles and property (but not princely dignity) and exiled to distant northern cities.
But at the same time, the cousin of the disgraced, Prince Boris Alekseevich Golitsyn, rose to prominence. He was the tutor of Peter the Great, his closest adviser, and became the last of his kind to be granted the boyars - soon after that, the Sovereign Boyar Duma passed into history, and it was replaced by the Peter's Governing Senate.
The three Mikhailovich brothers also played a prominent role in Russia at the beginning of the 18th century. The eldest, Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Golitsyn, was first a room steward of Peter the Great, then became the captain of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, later - a senator, a real privy councilor, president of the Commerce Collegium and a member of the Supreme Privy Council. In this capacity, he initiated the first attempt in history to limit the autocracy of the Russian Sovereigns. Together with other members of the Supreme Privy Council, he forced the Empress Anna Ioannovna to sign the so-called "conditions" before her accession to the throne, which obligated her, while governing the country, to reckon with the opinion of the highest nobility. As you know, this attempt failed, the Empress refused to comply with the "conditions", but did not forget their authors. Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich was accused of treason a few years later and imprisoned in the Shlisselburg fortress, where he died in 1737.
The second of the brothers, Prince Mikhail Mikhailovich, the eldest, was also a stolnik and "royal drummer" for Peter the Great, later turned out to be among the heroes of the Battle of Poltava and was marked by the Tsar, participated in many other battles of the Petrine and post-Petrine times, rose to the rank of field marshal (1st class according to the Table about ranks) and was the president of the Military Collegium, that is, the Minister of War of Russia. And, finally, the third - Prince Mikhail Mikhailovich Jr. repeated the career of his older brother, but not in the ground forces, but in the Russian Navy. He was a sailor and naval commander, held the highest rank of admiral general of the Russian fleet (also 1st class) and was president of the Admiralty Colleges, or minister of the sea.
Under Empress Catherine II, Prince Alexander Mikhailovich became famous as a major commander, who was a holder of all Russian orders without exception. His brother, Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich, for thirty years was the Russian ambassador to the Austrian Court in Vienna, according to his will and at his expense, the well-known Golitsyn hospital was founded in Moscow, which until 1917 was maintained at the expense of the Golitsyn princes and still serves its purpose. . And their cousin, too, Alexander Mikhailovich, represented Russia in Paris and London for more than 15 years.
Under the Emperors Alexander and Nikolai Pavlovich for almost a quarter of a century, Prince Dmitry Vladimirovich Golitsyn, the builder of the capital, the patron of sciences and arts, was the Moscow governor-general. As almost all memoirists of the first half of the 19th century testify, he did a lot for Moscow - he built it, landscaped it, took care of Moscow University, helped Moscow theaters, founded an Italian opera in the city ... For his services in the development of Moscow, Emperor Nicholas I granted him the title of Most Serene prince with the right to pass it on to his descendants.
Golitsyn, Nikolai Mikhailovich
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Wikipedia has articles about other people with the surname Golitsyn.
Nikolai Mikhailovich Golitsyn
Obermarshal
1768 - 1775
Awards:
Prince Nikolai Mikhailovich Golitsyn (January 8, 1727 - January 2, 1787) - Russian courtier from the Golitsyn family, Chief Marshal and Privy Councilor.
The seventeenth child of Field Marshal Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn the Elder, by his mother - the grandson of Prince Boris Ivanovich Kurakin, one of the leaders of the foreign policy of the reign of Peter the Great. Among the older brothers are Field Marshal A. M. Golitsyn and a major diplomat D. M. Golitsyn.
Chamber junker from December 22, 1761, captain of the Izmailovsky regiment, from 1763 chamberlain and marshal. At the coronation of Catherine II, he arranged dishes. In the diary, Poroshina is mentioned as a frequent guest of the heir's chambers, with whom he talked about trigonometry, Hungarian wines and other subjects.
In 1768, the empress granted Golitsyn to the chief marshal, i.e. made the chief manager of court life. At court, he was known by the nickname "fat man" (Mr le Gros). Knight of the Order of St. Anna, in 1773 he was awarded the Order of Alexander Nevsky. Nikolai Mikhailovich Golitsyn
Obermarshal
1768 - 1775
Predecessor: Karl Efimovich Sievers
Successor: Grigory Nikitich Orlov
Awards:
Band to Order St Alexander Nevsky.png Order of Saint Anne Ribbon.PNG
Dismissed at the request of all posts on August 12, 1775. In his pamphlet, Prince Shcherbatov claims that Golitsyn lost his position at court due to a conflict with Potemkin: “The imprudence of preparing some favorite dish for him exposed him to a vile curse from Potemkin and forced him to resign.”
Varvara Nikolaevna, daughter
Ekaterina Nikolaevna, daughter
Prince Golitsyn was a large landowner, had estates in the Moscow region, in the Meshchovsky and Kozelsky districts (20 thousand serfs). He died in January 1787 in St. Petersburg and was buried next to his wife at the Lazarevsky cemetery.
Family and Children
From 1753 he was married to Ekaterina Alexandrovna Golovina (1728-09/09/1769), daughter and heiress of Admiral A. I. Golovin. Children:
Varvara Nikolaevna (07/25/1762-01/04/1802), a wonderful beauty, married to the chamberlain Prince Sergei Sergeevich Gagarin (1745-1798), their sons Nikolai and Sergei.
Ekaterina Nikolaevna (11/14/1764-11/7/1832), married to the most serene prince S. A. Menshikov (1746-1815). According to contemporaries, she was one of the most beautiful women of her time and was distinguished by a free lifestyle.
Anna Nikolaevna (11/15/1767-18?), Was married to Count A. A. Musin-Pushkin (1760-1806), but left no offspring. Being ruined by the managers, she died in poverty.
Alexander Nikolaevich (6.09.1769-12.04.1817), chamberlain and rich man, known for his insane extravagance, for which he was nicknamed in Moscow by the name of the opera, which was in great fashion, "Cosa-rara". He was married to Princess Maria Grigoryevna Vyazemskaya (1772-1865), after a divorce from him, in 1802 she married Count L. K. Razumovsky. In the 1800s he went bankrupt and at the end of his life received a pension from his second cousin, Prince S. M. Golitsyn.
I will not continue the enumeration, especially since the author of the Notes himself briefly talks about the next generations of the Golitsyns - mainly about the generation of his grandfathers - in the chapter "Family" . And in general, the enumeration will add little to the general characteristics of this family, which belongs to the most ancient Russian nobility - an estate that for centuries shaped the course of the historical development of Russia. From such an angle, I think, we should look today at the Golitsyn family. “You can’t throw out a word from a song,” says the proverb. In the same way, the Golitsyns cannot be deleted from Russian history. They, like other ancient families, should be treated today as an integral part of the history of the motherland.
Already been - and not so long ago! - attempts to “throw the nobleman Pushkin off the ship of modernity”, to declare “lordly”, and therefore anti-people, almost the entire Russian culture of the last century, “not to notice” certain historical figures because of their belonging to the “exploiting class”. Our today's lack of culture and savagery is largely a consequence of just such an approach, which until recently was considered "the only true one."
Destroying temples, destroying material monuments of the past, erasing the very memory of the past, for decades the Soviet government eradicated the "living monuments" of national history - the offspring of Russian historical families. May the now living Golitsyns and Baryatinskys, Trubetskoys and Volkonskys, Sheremetevs and Meshcherskys forgive me such a comparison, but nevertheless there is something in common between a stone witness of the past and a living heir to an ancient family, and this is common - belonging to history.
What until recently our attitude towards representatives of Russian families was not a secret to anyone. They were, at best, outcasts and suspicious exes. Mention has already been made of the genealogy of some Russian noble families published recently in Paris. Significant
Part of this volume is devoted to the Golitsyns. And against many, very many names - dashes. Not only in Paris there is no information about the fate of dozens and dozens of representatives of the Golitsyn family, drawn into the maelstrom of the revolution, there is none in Moscow either. Where are they? What happened to those who in 1917-20 did not want to leave their native land?
To some extent, the Notes provide answers to these questions. But their author was still lucky: he survived. Not everyone pulled out such a "happy" ticket. Until recently, representatives of historical families were persecuted simply “for their surname”, they were persecuted with all the might of the state punitive machine. It was enough to be called Golitsyn or Sheremetev to be an enemy to be destroyed.
Prince Andrei Kirillovich Golitsyn has been trying for several years to find out something about the fate of his disappeared relatives and relatives. Copies of his requests to various institutions take up entire folders. Dozens, maybe hundreds of requests... And answers. The veil of secrecy begins to lift.
Here, for example, is the answer to a question about the fate of Dmitry Alexandrovich Golitsyn. Reports the Prosecutor's Office of the Dzhezkazgan region of Kazakhstan: “By the decision of the Troika of the UNKVD in the Karaganda region, he was sentenced to capital punishment - execution. The sentence was carried out on January 7, 1938. April 21, 1989 rehabilitated. The official “Certificate of death” is attached to the answer, in the column “cause of death” it says “execution”.
Answer from the Karaganda region of Kazakhstan to an inquiry about the fate of Vladimir Lvovich Golitsyn: “On March 4, 1935, he was convicted by a special meeting at the NKVD of the USSR for 5 years, sent to Karlag NKVD, on May 22, 1937, sentenced to death by the Special Troika of the NKVD for counter-revolutionary agitation among prisoners, for spreading rumors about brutality in the camp, about poor food and coercion
diligent labor, which disrupted the normal course of work on the experimental irrigated field of Karlag. On August 13, 1937 he was shot. In 1959, the verdict of the Special Troika was canceled as unfounded.
The answer of the Military Prosecutor of the Odessa Military District to a request about Sergei Pavlovich Golitsyn: “He worked as an actor in the theater of the city of Nikolaev, by decision of the NKVD of the USSR and the Prosecutor of the USSR on January 4, 1938 he was repressed. January 16, 1989 rehabilitated.
Answer from Ukraine to an inquiry about the fate of Konstantin Aleksandrovich Golitsyn: “Arrested on December 15, 1930 on unfounded charges, as a member of a counter-revolutionary monarchist organization. Troika at the Collegium of the GPU sentenced to death. The sentence was carried out on May 9, 1931."
The answer of the Moscow branch of the FSB to an inquiry about Anatoly Grigorievich Golitsyn: “Accountant of the Moscow Case Association A. G. Golitsyn was arrested on August 26, 1937, unreasonably accused by the Troika of the UNKVD of the USSR of counter-revolutionary activities, sentenced to VMN. The sentence was carried out on October 21, 1937 in Moscow. In 1960 he was rehabilitated.
Answer to an inquiry about Alexander Alexandrovich Golitsyn: “The construction technician of the Zagotzerno branch in the city of Lipetsk, A. A. Golitsyn, was arrested on August 7, 1937 for conducting anti-Soviet agitation. Sentenced to capital punishment. The sentence was carried out on October 10, 1937. In 1956 he was rehabilitated.
Many requests, as Prince Andrei Kirillovich hopes, will still receive answers. And they are often not even about individuals, but about entire families. For example, the family of Grigory Vasilyevich Golitsyn, for example, disappeared completely. Nothing is known about the family of Sergei Sergeevich Golitsyn, about the families of Alexander Petrovich, Lev Lvovich and many others.
It is not necessary to think that repression fell only on men. One of the women of the Golitsyn family, Irina Aleksandrovna Vetchinina, who worked as a livestock specialist in one of the collective farms in the Kirovograd region, was arrested and sentenced to death for "anti-Soviet propaganda." Propaganda expressed itself in the fact that in a letter to her mother, who lived in Prague, she spoke about her plight. This postcard has been preserved in the file, and we can quote it today: “My dear dear mother, I didn’t write to you for a long time, because I didn’t want to write that I felt bad. Everyone was waiting for my situation to improve, but it is getting worse ... We, mommy, are now as bad as they have never been: big frosts, and I walk in a canvas raincoat and almost barefoot. Dear mommy, maybe you can find something warm and old so that I can spend the winter this winter ... "
These lines in the postcard, underlined by the investigator's pencil, became the basis for the death sentence.
So gradually, step by step, those "blank spots" in the Golitsyn genealogy, which we spoke about on the first pages of these notes, are filled. And let this truth not please, let the answers be monotonously bitter: shot - rehabilitated, shot - rehabilitated, they are still better than the unknown. At the very least, they make it possible, without embellishment, in all its ugliness and cruelty, to imagine the attitude of the Bolshevik authorities towards people whose very name belongs to the history of Russia.
Based on materials from B. P. Kraevsky
In the photo, Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Golitsyn (1721 - 1793), son of Field Marshal Prince...
Ancient Russian princely family
Among historical figures, the surname Lvovs is common. The question arises about family ties, about the history of the family of Sergei Evgenievich. Basic information is taken from the works of I.Yu. Sosner, who studied the genealogy of the Lvovs for more than ten years, collected detailed information about the branched genealogical tree of the princely family, which gave Russia many glorious names. The genus of the Lvov princes, included in the V part of the genealogical books of the Kaluga, Moscow and Oryol provinces, is associated with the most prominent surnames of Russian history.
The Lvovs are an old Russian princely family, a branch of the princes of Yaroslavl, whose ancestors formerly owned Kyiv and Smolensk, which is reflected on their coat of arms. The Russian genealogical book of Prince Dolgorukov lists all the ancestors of the Lvovs. Many of them played a major role in the history of Russia. The most revered of them was the noble prince Fedor, the specific prince of Yaroslavl, for his services in protecting the Yaroslavl principality from the Tatars. In the Yaroslavl Cathedral, built in his name and his sons, his relics are buried in a shrine. The branching of the family of the princes Lvovs connects him with the most noble surnames in Russian history. Georgy Evgenievich and Sergey Evgenievich were representatives of the 31 tribes of the Yaroslavl branch of the Rurikovich. In the past, many representatives of the family of princes Lvov played a prominent role in the history of the Russian state. Having crushed the lands, it was only during the reign of the first Romanovs that they again entered the arena of metropolitan life, before serving as local nobles in Galich and other cities. Prince Stepan Fedorovich, (great-great-great-great-grandfather), a descendant of Rurik in the 25th generation, who lived in the middle of the 17th century, had a high rank of roundabout. Both of his sons, Yakov and Matvey, were stewards: the first - the sovereign's room, the second - at the court of Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna, the mother of the future Emperor Peter the Great. Alexei Mikhailovich Lvov, a young administrator, quickly made a career to the rank of boyar and butler, manager of the order of the Grand Palace, who was in charge of the income and expenses of the royal palace parishes throughout Russia - he is practically a minister and, many times, an ambassador. Married four times, but without children, who knew several languages, a favorite of the tsars Mikhail Fedorovich and his son Alexei Mikhailovich the Quietest, Prince Alexei Lvov helped all his nephews, relatives, cousins, and second cousins in life, promoting them in the service and distributing their lands to them. Governors and warriors, administrators and judges, the princes Lvovs, by the middle of the 18th century, almost stopped - there were three brothers in the family. adviser (6th category according to Peter's "Table of Ranks"). His eldest son, Prince Dmitry Semenovich, who died in 1834, rose to the rank of Major General, and the youngest, Prince Vladimir Semyonovich, the grandfather of Georgy Evgenievich and Sergei Evgenievich, served in the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment. At the beginning of the 19th century, he participated in the wars of the coalition with Napoleon and the Patriotic War of 1812, in the famous Battle of Borodino. In 1813, Vladimir Semyonovich Lvov retired due to illness and lived in his family estate near Moscow, Khoroshevka, was fond of music, was a talented flutist, and was famous for his watercolors. In the last years of his life, he was elected leader of the nobility of the Klin district of the Moscow province (1828-1829). In 1818, the father of Georgy Evgenievich and Sergei Evgenievich, Prince Evgeniy Vladimirovich, was born in his family, who was the fourth of six sons. The family of the princes Lvov was considered one of the most educated in Russia.
By the beginning of the 19th century, this branch of the family of the princes Lvovs became impoverished and, despite belonging to the highest Russian aristocracy, the brothers, naturally, could not count on a rich inheritance. Therefore, parents considered it their duty to give their children a thorough education that would enable them to lead a life worthy of their origin. The elder brother of Yevgeny Vladimirovich, Prince Vladimir Vladimirovich, was a talented children's writer, he wrote the popular stories for children at that time “The Gray Armyak”, “Seryozha the Foundling”, “Uncle Naum”. Under Emperor Nicholas 1, he served as a censor and was dismissed from his post for letting I. S. Turgenev's Notes of a Hunter go to print. The second brother - Prince Dmitry Vladimirovich (1810 -1875) lived abroad for a long time in Germany, had an office there for hiring specialists to work in Russia. Prince Georgy Vladimirovich (1821-1873), after graduating from the School of Law in 1842, served in the Senate, the Maritime Department, and later in Moscow, where he was a member of a circle of officials who set as their goal the implementation of liberal reforms. He was closely acquainted with Leo Tolstoy. A letter from the time of the Crimean War has been preserved, in which Lev Nikolaevich addresses him as you. G.V. Lvov spent the last years of his life in Paris, where he died in 1873. The closeness of the Lvovs with Tolstoy is also evidenced by the fact that the latter wooed one of the daughters of Prince Vladimir Vladimirovich Lvov. However, the marriage was not destined to take place. Despite this, Lev Nikolaevich maintained friendly relations with the Lvov brothers, including the father of Georgy Evgenievich and Sergei Evgenievich, Prince Evgeny Vladimirovich.
Prince Evgeny Vladimirovich Lvov (October 5, 1817 - January 6, 1896) served as manager of the Chamber of State Property in Tula, and for several years was elected Aleksinsky district marshal of the nobility. He was one of the noblest and most cultured representatives of the 40s. XIX century. In 1859, the Lvovs donated a significant amount to the establishment of a 2nd category women's school in Aleksin. Since 1861, a public library has been organized at the school.
In the homeland of the Lvovs, everything connected with their name and activity is carefully preserved.
It is the library, founded by E. V. Lvov, that is currently the main initiator of the organization of further research. Thus, the "Lviv project" was created, which aroused interest not only at the regional level, but also attracted the attention of the Russian Union of Historical Cities and Regions, the Presidium of the Russian Zemstvo Movement, a number of other organizations, institutions of science and culture. Gradually, the idea of holding festive events dedicated to G.E. Lvov, an adherent of the development of the Zemstvo in Russia, expanded, including new proposals of a purely practical nature in its orbit: the overhaul of the Popovsky rural branch of the Aleksinsky centralized library system, the Popovsky SDK and the building of the rural kindergarten , the transfer of the Popovskaya elementary school, built in 1888 with the help of Prince E. Lvov for peasant children, to a new building and the arrangement in the old rehabilitation center for children left without parental care, etc.
Thus, it was possible to find out that S. E. Lvov is a representative of an old Russian princely family. The most famous brother of S. E. Lvov - G. E. Lvov, the first chairman of the Provisional Government, a prominent figure in the zemstvo movement. All representatives of this genus are known for their diligence in the service of the state, they are distinguished by their desire for education, cultural traditions, acquaintance and connections with the most prominent cultural figures. The Lvov family was not distinguished by a high financial position, did not strive for profit, but in difficult situations they always found the strength to revive. In the homeland of the Lvovs, the memory of them is carefully preserved, the Lvov Project is working, within the framework of which issues related to education, cultural initiatives, and the organization of local government are being resolved.
