Discussion on the theme "problems of modern youth". Problems of modern youth

Modern science considers youth as a socio-demographic group of society, singled out on the basis of a combination of social status, socio-psychological properties, which are determined by the level of socio-economic, cultural development, the conditions of socialization in society. Youth usually refers to people aged 16-30 years. This is the generation that is going through the stage of socialization, assimilating (and at a more mature age, has already mastered) educational, professional, cultural and other social functions. A relatively more homogeneous part of the youth, both in terms of age and social characteristics, is represented by students in secondary educational institutions and students whose main activity is studying and preparing for a future working life. The socialization of young people is characterized by a large role of educational influence. Therefore, in almost any society, socialization has a pronounced educational character. The refusal of society from the purposeful implementation of the educational function leads to the deformation of socialization, the dominance of the adaptation process in it, i.e. adaptation to the social environment. This trend is especially dangerous for the socialization of young people in a transitional type of society, characterized by the loss of clear social guidelines and norms. One of the most important aspects of the socialization of the individual is political socialization. It exists in all modern societies. Under political socialization is understood the totality of those forms of activity, as a result of which an individual or group assimilates political culture, becoming a political subject. At the same time, the political socialization of young people, in particular modern Russian youth, has its own trends and characteristics. The attitude of today's youth towards the authorities in Russia is neutral. The younger generation treats politics and power as an objective reality that does not cause either enthusiasm or sharp negative emotions. This gives grounds to talk about the apolitical nature of Russian youth. This position has a negative connotation. If in a stable society the priorities of private life are natural and natural, then in a situation of a systemic crisis, the social indifference of young people is fraught with irreversible consequences for the future of the country. No less dangerous is the excessive politicization of certain groups of young people, who are acquiring the features of political and national extremism. According to a sociological survey conducted among high school students in St. Petersburg schools, "participation in political life" took the last place (6.7% of the respondents). Only 16.7% of respondents are interested in politics. The political apathy of young people can be explained by the fact that the reforms being implemented in Russia have hit the youth hardest, and also by the fact that in recent years there has been no meaningful policy towards young people as an independent socio-demographic group. As a result, a total alienation of young people from power is being formed, which can develop into an active rejection of it. On the other hand, a certain part of the youth fit into the new conditions of life, and their non-participation in politics is due to the fact that they do not see the need to radically change anything in the existing way of life and find more promising ways of self-realization. However, a more detailed analysis of the data obtained does not give grounds for an unambiguous conclusion about the political apathy of young people. They testify that the apathy of the youth is not universal. More than half (52%) of young Russians follow the events taking place in the country, 18% constantly read newspapers. In addition, the results of the study show that as they grow older, accumulate social and life experience, interest in politics grows. Thus, at the age of 24-26, twice as many young people are closely following politics than those under the age of 20. Interest in politics is also increasing in connection with the increase in the level of education. Particularly increased interest in politics is shown by certain socio-professional groups. First of all, these are young military men, entrepreneurs, representatives of the humanitarian intelligentsia. And the lack of such interest is typical for young workers, trade workers, villagers and, oddly enough, students. The deterioration of the situation in the country in the late 1990s. led to the fact that the vast majority of institutions "of power completely lost their authority in the eyes of both the entire population as a whole and young people. At present, in the minds of young people, there is mainly a negative view of the current state of Russia and its future. Only 8.8 % of young people believe that Russia will become an economically developed country in the next 5-10 years, 12.6% - that it will become a democratic state.At the same time, young people have not yet decided which political system they would like The formation of an opinion about politics as a sphere alien and far from the interests of young people is largely facilitated by ideas about the low professional and moral qualities of those who are in power today. However, this opinion is not evidence of a generation gap. The majority of young people just believe that a new young nomenklatura is now in power, which has money, but little political experience to manage the regions and the country as a whole. One of the fundamental issues that have been discussed more and more actively in recent years is the question of the possibility of radicalization of today's youth. Moreover, those who are ready for active methods of protest are not only poor elements, but also a significant part of those who consider their financial situation today to be quite prosperous. That is, under certain conditions, even that part of the youth who already “have something to lose” can resort to radical methods of defending their own interests. Nevertheless, even with a worsening standard of living, the likelihood of a sharp radicalization of a significant part of young people is relatively small, primarily because of their extremely low level of self-organization. However, this does not mean that the entry into the life of the current and especially the next generation of young people will occur without conflict. Increasing requirements for education and qualifications, a noticeable decrease in demand for labor in the field of finance, business, trade, i.е. in those areas that the vast majority of young people prefer, is already beginning to affect, causing young people to worry about their future. In moments of serious upheavals and fractures that periodically arise in the development of any society, changes in values, living standards, vagueness of life prospects and exacerbation of social contradictions, extremism poses a special danger to society. The dissatisfaction of young people with the living conditions in the country leads to the fact that many dream of going abroad. For another part of the youth, which does not have such a perspective, negativism in relation to the current situation gives rise to the desire to change their lives by any means, including extreme ones. Youth extremism as a phenomenon of our life, expressed in disregard for the rules and norms of behavior in society or in their denial, can be viewed from different positions. It can be associated both with changes in the political and economic state of society, and with the radical break that has taken shape over the centuries and consecrated by culture, patterns of behavior. In the second case, we can say that modern youth extremism in Russia is a reflection of a sharp transition from one type of culture to another. The change of cultural epochs entails a change in the norms of behavior. In the current situation, young people are well aware of the discrepancy between the cultural norms imposed on them and real life, and at the same time refuse to understand and accept the entire traditional culture. This conflict can manifest itself both on a conscious and behavioral level. Extremism is often identified with fascism, chauvinism, and radicalism. In reality, all these phenomena are only parts of a broader phenomenon of political extremism. Signs of political extremism are defined in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. These are public calls for a violent seizure of power, the commission of actions aimed at the violent seizure of power, the organization of an armed rebellion, an encroachment on the life of a statesman or public figure. However, pure political extremism is rare. Compared with the extremism of the older generations, youth political extremism has some significant differences. It is less organized, spontaneous and does not have a serious ideological basis. Young extremists are not inclined to compromise, while the vast majority of their older "colleagues" in the event of a critical situation may partially change their political position and negotiate with a stronger opponent. As a rule, young extremists do not yet have enough experience to carry out their actions, so many of their actions turn out to be ineffective and fruitless. But the actions of young extremists themselves are more active, cruel and resolute than those of older and more experienced ones. In part, this can be explained by the fact that, due to their age, young people are less likely than adults to be afraid of prison, death, physical injury, so they are ready for the most risky actions. Their lack of fear of danger is reinforced by a sense of impunity. In addition, many young extremists appear to be impossible to prosecute due to their young age. Usually young extremists tend to group around some well-known extremist organization (association). Moreover, at first a young person who came to an organization of this kind may not be an extremist; he becomes it in the process of participation in the activities of such an organization and the gradual assimilation of its ideology. At the moment, there are parties and organizations in Russia that fall under the definition of extremism. In terms of their ideological orientation, such extremist associations are of both right, left, and religious persuasion, and in each of them there is a certain group of young people who are striving with all their might to promote the activities of such an association. There are a number of reasons and factors that give rise to youth political extremism. The first of the factors influencing the development and formation of youth political extremism is modern living conditions, which have deteriorated significantly over the past few years. In Russia there are a huge number of young people who are not included in the number of those who succeed. They are horrified to realize that they are doomed to vegetate, no one needs them, they will live much worse than their parents, and that the uncertainty of the situation that exists in the country at the moment will last for a long time, which means they have no future. This forces one to look for some way out, gives rise to discontent, pushes one to revolt, to oppose the existing state system, power and society, i.e. directly to opposition-minded organizations. Among these organizations, the most attractive to young people are far-right and far-left extremist organizations that give a sense of risk, romance, the possibility of active action and do not emphasize the moral qualities and mental abilities of a young person. An insignificant part of the youth joins the ranks of officially recognized opposition organizations, mostly left. But only a few can stay there, since in these organizations there is discipline and clear, firmly observed moral principles and ideals. Another reason that influenced the surge of youth extremism, primarily of the right-wing radical and fascist persuasion, was the war in Chechnya. It caused colossal damage to the national policy in Russia, gave rise to the idea of ​​Caucasians as enemies of the Russian people, the Orthodox faith, as Islamist fanatics who use the most extreme measures to spread their faith. The youth thus "found the enemy." Another factor that exacerbated extreme nationalist sentiments among the youth of Russia is the intensification of migration processes associated with the resettlement of large groups of people, primarily from the regions of the Caucasus and Central Asia. Unemployment, especially among young people, has become a consequence of an unprecedented recession and crisis in all industries in Russia. Therefore, the influx of migrants exacerbates this problem even more. In addition, some of the visitors began to engage in criminal activities. Ethnic criminal groups are being created that are engaged in theft, robbery, violence, murder, mainly against the indigenous Russian population, often leaving local criminal groups far behind in the cruelty and scale of their actions. Finally, insufficient attention of the state to youth problems of leisure, cultural development and moral education also affects the emergence of youth extremism. Poor care for the leisure of young people, about useful pastime, the lack of free discos, creative clubs, sports clubs force young people to fill their leisure time on their own and often push them onto the path of hooliganism, vandalism and extremism. And extremist organizations are doing everything possible to attract as many young people and teenagers as possible into their ranks, using at the same time their desire to have fun, to fill their free time with something. Mass culture has had its influence on the development of the prerequisites for extremism among Russian youth. Its samples, copied from poor Western standards, bloody action movies and thrillers, as well as TV shows that cultivate cruelty and violence among young people, lead to the fact that a significant part of the youth, morally, spiritually and mentally crippled by mass culture, grows up aggressive, soulless and cruel. The current state of the youth subculture in Russia is characterized by the following features. This is the social alienation of modern Russian youth, which manifests itself most often in apathy, indifference to the life of society, figuratively speaking - in the position of an "outside observer". Intergenerational alienation is aggravated, including a wide range of rejection - from the destruction of intra-family contacts to opposing oneself to all previous generations. This opposition is especially evident at the level of cultural values ​​of young people - youth fashion, music, communication - different from parental values. It is at this level that the subculture of the younger generation acquires noticeable countercultural elements: leisure is perceived, especially by young people, as the main sphere of life, and the general satisfaction with the life of a young person depends on satisfaction with it. General education for a schoolchild and vocational education for a student fade into the background before the realization of economic (earning money) and leisure (it is interesting to spend free time) needs. But leisure often turns into "doing nothing", while the cognitive and creative functions of leisure are not realized. However, the youth subculture is a distorted mirror of the adult world of things, relationships and values. One cannot count on the effective cultural self-realization of the younger generation in a sick society, especially since the cultural level of other age and socio-demographic groups of the Russian population is also constantly declining. There is a tendency towards dehumanization and demoralization in the content of art, which is manifested in the growth of scenes of violence in cinema, theater, music, and television. All this is contrary to popular morality and has a negative impact on the youth audience. On-screen violence reinforces the criminalization of modern life, especially affecting children, teenagers and young people, who are the main audience of cinemas and video salons. As you know, crime among them continues to grow steadily. Russian youth has always been distinguished, on the one hand, by radicalism, and on the other, by a rational understanding of reality. In modern conditions, the process of socialization of the individual has become more complicated and lengthened, and, accordingly, the criteria for its social maturity have become different. They are determined not only by entry into an independent working life, but also by the completion of education, the acquisition of a profession, real political and civil rights, and material independence from parents. The action of these factors is non-simultaneous and ambiguous in different social groups, therefore, the assimilation of the system of social roles of adults by a young person turns out to be contradictory. He can be responsible and serious in one area and feel and behave like a teenager in another. An important role in the development of the social maturity of young people is played by the family, school, university. All of them perform an educational function, and it is at the present moment that the work of educating young people must be intensified. But it cannot be fruitful without the constant support of the state, which must create the necessary socio-economic and political conditions for the formation of a comprehensively developed and responsible personality and block the way for all manifestations of extremism. Questions and tasks 1. What is youth from the point of view of modern science? 2. What are the features of youth socialization? 3. What are the features of today's Russian youth? 4. What is the attitude of today's young people towards politics? 5. How do young people behave in the face of social change? What aspect of behavior do you like best? 6. How is youth extremism expressed? 7. What are the causes of youth extremism? 8. What role should the state play in shaping progressive youth in our country? 9. What are the features of the youth subculture? What are its positive and negative features? 10. Conduct a discussion on the topic "My attitude towards the problems of youth."


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Good afternoon! Elvira Baryakina and the Writer's Handbook are with you.

Today we will talk about the "hot topics" that always cause discussions on the Internet.

It's no secret that in any society there are "pain points". They become painful because there are several polar opinions on a particular topic, and, having met with the opposite point of view, people begin to defend their vision of the situation. They want the world to be “like this” - convenient for them personally: otherwise an inevitable catastrophe will come.

So, let's see what these "hot topics" are:

Politics

Migrants, refugees, the national question.

One of the hot topics is migrants, refugees and the national question. Some believe that migrants should be welcomed, others that they should be expelled from the country. On one side of the scale - security, on the other - the lack of labor at affordable prices.

Progressives vs. conservatives

There are people who uphold the ideals of global peace, and people who are closer to more conservative values. Some call for reforms, others for a return to the roots. Everyone can be understood - everyone has their own comfort zone, but it is impossible to please everyone.

Great Power vs. "We're bad"

Some people say that “We are already the coolest and have won everyone”, others write indignantly that we have flaws everywhere you look. The eternal theme: the glass is half empty or half full

News

Hot discussions can be generated by discussing the news. Suppose the author read something in the news feed and gave his comments on this or that event. At the same time, he put the question in such a way that one would like to argue with him.

Interpretation of statements

What did significant people say: President Putin, President Trump, etc.?

Natural disasters and terrorism

We show our reaction, discuss who is to blame, what to do, where to run, how to help.

Science News

Here we can talk on a variety of topics: admire the next achievements of mankind, condemn them or doubt their usefulness. The main thing is not just to report this or that news, but to express your opinion - then there will surely be people who want to add something to the above.

News from the life of celebrities

The whole range of emotions is manifested here - from admiration to outright hatred. A blogger can discuss the outfits, actions, or statements of a star... The shape of her nose, the shape of her dog's nose, the shape of her plane's nose. Comments can be obtained by asking readers questions or deliberately challenging them to an argument.

Animal News

What happened at the Melbourne Zoo? Who had a baby in San Diego? We show photos and tell touching and / or interesting stories. If you have quality content, many will start sharing it.

Release of new interesting products

We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of new gadgets, films, programs, etc. Comments will appear from those bloggers who benefit their readers, as well as from those who deliberately tease them.

A family

This topic has a huge potential for discussion - because it concerns everyone without exception.

Child safety

Disputes on this topic always evoke a lively response: what can and cannot be done? Is it okay to hit kids? What threatens the religious education of children? And what is secular? Giving your child more independence? Do not let go of him a single step? Intercede during conflicts? Or let him solve his own problems?

The relationship of adult children with parents

This is where a lot of people have a pain point, and so if you tell a story on this topic, give advice, or simply express your opinion, you can generate a significant reader response.

Love and romance

Who can be loved and who cannot? What is romance? Rose petals on a pillowcase or something else? What is the relationship in marriage and before marriage? How to find a girl of your dreams or how to find a young man of your dreams? What about gifts? How to show your loved one that he is infinitely dear to you?

Divorce and division of property

How to survive a divorce? What about parenting responsibilities? Who will get a plastic bath, and who will get a tea strainer? And what to do with children? Personal stories elicit “thank you for sharing” comments and stories about your situation. Advice, especially categorical advice, often causes controversy.

Homosexual

On the topic of homosexuality, transvestites, etc. You can also argue to the point of hoarseness. This question does not bother someone at all, but infuriates someone. And those who are tolerant of people of non-traditional orientation can be brought to white heat by injustice towards gays.

society

Interpretation of history

Someone remembers the USSR with nostalgia, and someone thinks that “under the Scoop” everything was terrible: if it weren’t for the bloody gebnya and Comrade Stalin, we would live like in Finland.

Feminism and gender equality

Someone is of the opinion that men and women should be given equal rights, and someone believes that a woman should stay at home, and a man should earn money.

Believers vs. atheists

We discuss whether there is a God or not. This also includes disputes over various churches and denominations.

Education

Charity

There are unequivocal things: sick children should be helped! But there are questions that cause fierce debate among the people. For example, it seems to some that it is pointless to spend energy and money on disabled people with severe mental retardation, while talented children from poor families cannot receive a normal education.

And then there are the problems of homeless people, drug addicts with a deep and irreversible deformation of their personality, and the problem of criminals who need to somehow adapt to life in society. For example, is it worth it or not to do charity work for rapists? There is clearly something to argue about!

Behavior in society

What is acceptable and what is unacceptable? Can only good things be said about the dead, or is the truth more important? Is it possible to criticize the Motherland, especially "in a difficult hour for the Motherland"? What to do with someone else's child if he offends his younger brother in front of your eyes, but mother doesn't care? Social norms are constantly changing and what was in the order of things yesterday, today already looks like barbarism - and here one can argue ad infinitum.

Health

Alcohol and smoking

On the Internet you can find any opinion on this topic. Someone passionately supports the culture of winemaking, someone believes that any alcohol is poison. Someone cannot stand tobacco smoke, someone smokes like a locomotive, and is indignant when non-smokers impose their lifestyle on him.

Fitness

Which exercises are good and which are bad? This topic causes fierce debate, because. a huge number of half-educated and outright charlatans have bred on the Web, who clearly do not have a special education. At the same time, amateurs often determine who is who and who is right and who is wrong.

Plastic surgery

“Girls, where did you get such a cool Botox? Your face looks like a doll!” Firstly, one can argue on the topic “Should or not we need to fight the natural course of time”, secondly, various means can be discussed, thirdly, one can ask questions and exchange recommendations, etc. And still it is possible to discuss results - at itself, and at stars.

ethnoscience

We discuss and apply the methods of treatment that our grandfathers used.

Alternative medicine

We discuss and apply treatments like homeopathy and acupuncture.

abortion

Is the fetus already a person or not yet? Does humanity need to multiply if there are already 7 billion of us? Does the state have the right to decide whether a woman has a child or not?

Food

The topic of nutrition is not just an exchange of recipes, but also heated debates about the benefits of products, the correctness and incorrectness of cutting dill, the secret of the “true Olivier”, etc.

Healthy lifestyle

We discuss what is bad and what is good. If you give reliable, scientifically based information, then honor and praise be to you. If you specialize in pseudoscientific information - well, also an option, why not? ... Some people are attracted and happy about this.

What is youth from the point of view of modern science?

From the point of view of modern science, youth is a social group of people who are from 16 to 45 years old.

2. What are the features of youth socialization?

As a rule, young people are involved in the learning process: at school, university, and also in work. That is, we can still talk about primary socialization, when a person continues to learn norms, values, ways of life, and so on.

3. What are the features of today's Russian youth?

The main feature is that the interval from 16 to 45 years accommodates at least 2 generations of people. That is, youth consists of people of different ages who belong to different generations. Modern youth knows their rights and freedoms, defends them, leads an independent life, strives for a successful career and self-knowledge.

4. What is the attitude of today's young people towards politics?

Young people have a completely different attitude to politics: someone is politically active, and someone is apolitical. It is necessary to take into account the peculiarity of the country in which a person lives, the level and type of his education, origin, and so on. But as a rule, students, like all young people, are the most politically active, because many of them are unemployed, and many are marginalized.

5. How do young people behave in the face of social change? What aspect of behavior do you like best?

Again, it's different. It all depends on whether young people support these social changes or not. The aspect close to me depends on the nature of the changes: I am against serfdom, and I am for the introduction of a progressive school of taxes, the expansion of the middle class and the reduction of social inequality.

6. How is youth extremism expressed?

Extremism is translated as a state of extreme or adherence to extreme views. Accordingly, youth extremism is a commitment to extreme views: the physical destruction of a group of people, murders, executions, chaos through terrorist attacks, and so on.

7. What are the causes of youth extremism?

In social insecurity and lack of real social mobility.

8. What role should the state play in shaping progressive youth in our country?

The state should only take care of social protection, the observance of laws, the rights and freedoms of young people, economic growth, and so on, but not the formation of progressive youth. It will be formed when there are conditions for this, and not propaganda and coercion.

9. What are the features of the youth subculture? What are its positive and negative features?

A subculture is a part of a culture that differs from the majority in appearance or behavior. Youth cultures are formed from "fandom". And one more feature: they are formed from certain interests of people.

10. Conduct a discussion on the topic "My attitude towards the problems of youth."

Please do this in class.

On March 31, a youth discussion “Elections in Russia and the Choice of Russian Youth” was held in Kungur, Perm Territory, organized by the Perm Center for Electoral Support (MESP / IRENA) in cooperation with the Department of Political Sciences of the Faculty of History and Political Science of Perm State University and the Territorial Electoral Commission of the city of Kungur. The event was attended by students and teachers of secondary specialized and general educational institutions of Kungur, students of political science at PSU, employees of the TEC of G. Kungur and the regional election commission. The discussion was moderated by Petr Vyacheslavovich Panov, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Sciences at PSU.
At the very beginning of the discussion, a student of the State University E. Makhmudova, giving an assessment of modern Russian youth, voiced the points of view: "youth is the ballast of society" and "youth is the locomotive, the driving force of change in modern society." In response to this, one of the participants in the discussion noted that "... the youth is now differentiated, but at the same time, most of them are indifferent youth." Other debaters agreed with her on this, considering young people to be ballast, with the help of which the state pursues its own selfish interests.
“Young people need their own leader,” the participants in the discussion believe, “who could listen to them and help them become an independent layer of society and find the distinguishing features of the younger generation from the generation of adults.” This difference lies in the fact that “fathers and sons” have different ideas about social policy: the older generation cares about the financial side (pensions, wages), while sports and leisure are important for young people. The state, according to the participants in the discussion, does not listen to them, despite the fact that young people are able and ready to put forward their ideas, but because of the corruption and bureaucracy of the state, these ideas are not implemented. The example of the loss of the Russian team at the 2010 Olympics was especially illustrative. The participants explained this by the fact that there is an obvious lack of funding for sports, and also by the fact that these funds are “stealing by the state”. Representatives of the older generation see the reason for the defeat in the absence of the idea of ​​​​the motherland, patriotism among the younger generation. However, young The participants in the discussion agreed with the older generation on this. And the teachers who participated in the discussion, as representatives of the older generation, noted that it is not always possible for “fathers” to “keep an eye on the young” and this is their fault, the elders.
Discussing the question of which of the political parties is closer and more understandable to modern youth, representatives of student youth agreed that all parties are the same, they act for their own sake, but United Russia listens more actively to the youth, mainly due to abundant material, authoritative and intellectual resources. Another position was announced, consisting in the fact that the work of United Russia with young people is a screen with which they hide behind for the sake of their own interests.
The young generation of Kungur places special hopes on a youth parliament, which, according to one of the candidates participating in the discussion, will include people capable of gathering the opinions of young people and sharpening the attention of senior colleagues on issues that they consider irrelevant. “Modern youth policy pursued by the government,” the young debaters believe, “is just words, meanwhile, if it is young people who do this policy, it will reach a qualitatively new level.” The motives of young people to work in the youth parliament lie in a purely rational plane, namely in promoting themselves up the career ladder, for investing in the future. And according to the unanimous opinion of the adult generation, there is nothing negative in this, although they are afraid that in the youth parliament, young people will only have the right to recommend and stop at solving everyday problems, which may discourage them from participating in politics. Although this judgment raised an objection that the experience and ambitions of young people are growing and the institutional framework itself, namely the procedure for registering candidates on lists from public associations, is aimed at ensuring that authoritative, capable representatives of youth receive a mandate. Although, as a youth representative complained, the idea of ​​the good of youth parliamentarism is discredited by the new system of voting for candidates for deputies of the youth parliament, namely the SMS voting system, for which Kungur and Krasnokamsk were chosen as an experimental platform. The chairman of the election commission, E. Kharitonova, tried to tell the participants of the discussion quite thoroughly and clearly about the technical capabilities of the experimental version of SMS voting.
The older generation also has a positive attitude towards youth parliamentarism, since, in their opinion, not the youth who are chasing money, but those “who think about others” will go there, otherwise the youth would go into business.
When discussing the last question of the discussion, namely: “elections: the common good, the struggle of ambitions, a dirty business”, the floor was given by a young representative of the United Russia party, who believes that any elections serve the common good, and the majoritarian electoral system contributes to the struggle of ambitions, while with a proportional system, the most thinking and creative people are put in the passing places.
At the end of the event, a representative of the older generation said that our actions largely depend on what kind of civic position we take, how we educate the younger generation. And she wished the youth to take advantage of innovations and believe in themselves!