In this article we will describe the work of A.S. A chapter-by-chapter retelling of this short novel, published in 1836, is brought to your attention.
1. Sergeant of the Guard
The first chapter begins with the biography of Petr Andreevich Grinev. The father of this hero served, after which he retired. There were 9 children in the Grinev family, but eight of them died in infancy, and Peter was left alone. His father wrote it down even before his birth, in Pyotr Andreevich, until the age of majority, he was on vacation. Uncle Savelich serves as the boy's tutor. He supervises the development of Russian literacy Petrusha.
After some time, the Frenchman Beaupre was discharged to Peter. He taught him German, French, and various sciences. But Beaupre did not raise the child, but only drank and walked. The boy's father soon discovered this and drove the teacher away. Peter in the 17th year is sent to the service, but not in the place where he hoped to get. He goes to Orenburg instead of Petersburg. This decision determined the further fate of Peter, the hero of the work "The Captain's Daughter".
Chapter 1 describes the parting words of the father to the son. He tells him that it is necessary to preserve honor from a young age. Petya, having arrived in Simbirsk, meets in a tavern with Zurin, a captain who taught him to play billiards, and also got him drunk and won 100 rubles from him. Grinev seemed to break free for the first time. He behaves like a boy. Zurin in the morning demands the required winnings. Pyotr Andreevich, in order to show his character, forces Savelich, who is protesting this, to give money. After that, feeling pangs of conscience, Grinev leaves Simbirsk. So ends in the work "The Captain's Daughter" 1 chapter. Let us describe further events that happened to Pyotr Andreevich.
2. Leader
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin tells us about the further fate of this hero of the work "The Captain's Daughter". Chapter 2 of the novel is called "The Leader". In it, we first meet Pugachev.
On the way, Grinev asks Savelich to forgive him for his stupid behavior. Suddenly, a snowstorm begins on the road, Peter and his servant go astray. They meet a man who offers to take them to the inn. Grinev, riding in a cabin, sees a dream.
Grinev's dream is an important episode of the work "The Captain's Daughter". Chapter 2 describes it in detail. In it, Peter arrives at his estate and discovers that his father is dying. He approaches him to take the last blessing, but instead of his father he sees an unknown man with a black beard. Grinev is surprised, but his mother convinces him that this is his imprisoned father. Brandishing an ax, a black-bearded man jumps up, dead bodies fill the whole room. At the same time, the person smiles at Pyotr Andreevich, and also offers him a blessing.
Grinev, already on the spot, examines his guide and notices that he is the same person from the dream. He is a forty-year-old man of average height, thin and broad-shouldered. Gray hair is already noticeable in his black beard. The man's eyes are alive, they feel the sharpness and subtlety of the mind. The counselor's face has a rather pleasant expression. It is picaresque. His hair is cut in a circle, and this man is dressed in Tatar trousers and an old coat.
The counselor talks with the owner in "allegorical language". Pyotr Andreevich thanks his companion, gives him a hare sheepskin coat, pours a glass of wine.
An old comrade of Grinev's father, Andrei Karlovich R., sends Peter from Orenburg to serve in the Belogorsk fortress, located 40 miles from the city. It is here that the novel "The Captain's Daughter" continues. Chapter by chapter retelling of further events occurring in it, the following.
3. Fortress
This fortress resembles a village. Vasilisa Yegorovna, a reasonable and kind woman, the wife of the commandant, manages everything here. Grinev the next morning meets Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin, a young officer. This man is not tall, remarkably ugly, dark-skinned, very lively. He is one of the main characters in The Captain's Daughter. Chapter 3 is the place in the novel where this character first appears before the reader.
Because of the duel, Shvabrin was transferred to this fortress. He tells Pyotr Andreevich about life here, about the commandant's family, while speaking unflatteringly about his daughter, Masha Mironova. You will find a detailed description of this conversation in the work "The Captain's Daughter" (Chapter 3). The commandant invites Grinev and Shvabrin to a family dinner. On the way, Peter sees how the "exercises" are taking place: Mironov Ivan Kuzmich is in charge of the platoon of disabled people. He is wearing a "Chinese robe" and a cap.
4. Duel
Chapter 4 occupies an important place in the composition of the work "The Captain's Daughter". It tells the following.
Grinev likes the commandant's family very much. Pyotr Andreevich becomes an officer. He communicates with Shvabrin, but this communication brings the hero less and less pleasure. Alexei Ivanovich's caustic remarks about Masha especially do not please Grinev. Peter writes mediocre poems and dedicates them to this girl. Shvabrin speaks sharply about them, while insulting Masha. Grinev accuses him of lying, Alexei Ivanovich challenges Peter to a duel. Vasilisa Yegorovna, having learned about this, orders the arrest of the duelists. Palashka, a yard girl, deprives them of their swords. After some time, Pyotr Andreevich becomes aware that Shvabrin was wooing Masha, but was refused by the girl. He understands now why Alexei Ivanovich slandered Masha. A duel is scheduled again, in which Pyotr Andreevich is wounded.
5. Love
Masha and Savelich are taking care of the wounded. Pyotr Grinev proposes to a girl. He sends a letter to his parents asking for blessings. Shvabrin visits Pyotr Andreevich and admits his guilt before him. Grinev's father does not give him a blessing, he already knows about the duel that had taken place, and it was not Savelyich who told him about it at all. Pyotr Andreevich believes that Alexey Ivanovich did it. The captain's daughter does not want to marry without the consent of her parents. Chapter 5 tells of this decision of hers. We will not describe in detail the conversation between Peter and Masha. Let's just say that the captain's daughter decided to avoid Grinev in the future. The chapter-by-chapter retelling continues with the following events. Pyotr Andreevich stops visiting the Mironovs, loses heart.
6. Pugachevshchina
A notification that a band of robbers led by Emelyan Pugachev is operating in the vicinity comes to the commandant. attacks the forts. Pugachev soon reached the Belogorsk fortress. He calls on the commandant to surrender. Ivan Kuzmich decides to send his daughter out of the fortress. The girl says goodbye to Grinev. However, her mother refuses to leave.
7. Seizure
The attack of the fortress continues the work "The Captain's Daughter". The chapter-by-chapter retelling of further events is as follows. At night, the Cossacks leave the fortress. They go over to the side of Emelyan Pugachev. The gang is attacking him. Mironov, with a few defenders, is trying to defend himself, but the forces of the two sides are unequal. The one who captured the fortress arranges the so-called court. Executions on the gallows betray the commandant as well as his comrades. When the turn comes to Grinev, Savelyich begs Emelyan, throwing himself at his feet, to spare Pyotr Andreevich, offering him a ransom. Pugachev agrees. The inhabitants of the city and the soldiers give Emelyan an oath. They kill Vasilisa Yegorovna, taking her undressed, as well as her husband, out onto the porch. Pyotr Andreevich leaves the fortress.
8. Uninvited guest
Grinev is very worried about how the captain's daughter lives in the Belogorsk fortress.
The chapter-by-chapter content of the further events of the novel describes the subsequent fate of this heroine. A girl is hiding near the priest, who tells Pyotr Andreevich that Shvabrin is on the side of Pugachev. Grinev learns from Savelich that Pugachev is their escort on the way to Orenburg. Emelyan calls Grinev to him, he comes. Pyotr Andreevich draws attention to the fact that everyone behaves like comrades with each other in the camp of Pugachev, while not giving preference to the leader.
Everyone boasts, expresses doubts, disputes Pugachev. His people sing a song about the gallows. Emelyan's guests disperse. Grinev tells him in private that he does not consider him a king. He replies that luck will be daring, because once upon a time Grishka Otrepyev also ruled. Emelyan lets Pyotr Andreevich go to Orenburg, despite the fact that he promises to fight against him.
9. Separation
Emelyan instructs Peter to tell the governor of this city that the Pugachevites will soon arrive there. Pugachev leaving Shvabrin as commandant. Savelich writes a list of Pyotr Andreevich's plundered goods and sends it to Emelyan, but he does not punish him in a "fit of generosity" and impudent Savelich. He even favors Grinev with a fur coat from his shoulder, gives him a horse. Masha, meanwhile, is sick in the fortress.
10. The siege of the city
Peter goes to Orenburg, to Andrey Karlovich, the general. Military people are absent from the military council. There are only officials here. It is more prudent, in their opinion, to remain behind a reliable stone wall than to try your luck in an open field. For Pugachev's head, officials propose to set a high price and bribe Yemelyan's people. A constable from the fortress brings Pyotr Andreevich a letter from Masha. She reports that Shvabrin is forcing her to become his wife. Grinev asks the general to help, to provide him with people in order to clear the fortress. However, he refuses.
11. Rebellious settlement
Grinev and Savelich rush to help the girl. Pugachev's people stop them on the way and take them to the leader. He interrogates Pyotr Andreevich about his intentions in the presence of confidants. Pugachev's people are a hunched, frail old man with a blue ribbon worn over his shoulder over a gray coat, as well as a tall, portly and broad-shouldered man of about forty-five. Grinev tells Emelyan that he has come to save an orphan from Shvabrin's claims. The Pugachevites offer both Grinev and Shvabrin to simply solve the problem - to hang them both. However, Pyotr Pugachev is clearly attractive, and he promises to marry him to a girl. Pyotr Andreevich goes to the fortress in the morning in Pugachev's wagon. He tells him in a confidential conversation that he would like to go to Moscow, but his comrades are robbers and thieves who will surrender the leader at the first failure, saving their own neck. Emelyan tells a Kalmyk tale about a raven and an eagle. The raven lived for 300 years, but pecked at the same time carrion. And the eagle preferred to starve, but did not eat the carrion. It is better to drink living blood one day, Emelyan believes.
12. Orphan
Pugachev learns in the fortress that the girl is being bullied by the new commandant. Shvabrin starves her. Emelyan frees Masha and wants to marry her immediately with Grinev. When Shvabrin says that this is Mironov's daughter, Emelyan Pugachev decides to let Grinev and Masha go.
13. Arrest
Soldiers on the way out of the fortress take Grinev under arrest. They take Pyotr Andreevich for a Pugachevite and take him to the chief. It turns out to be Zurin, who advises Pyotr Andreevich to send Savelich and Masha to their parents, and Grinev himself to continue the battle. He follows this advice. Pugachev's army was defeated, but he himself was not caught, he managed to gather new detachments in Siberia. Yemelyan is being pursued. Zurin is ordered to arrest Grinev and send him under guard to Kazan, betraying him to the investigation in the Pugachev case.
14. Judgment
Petr Andreevich is suspected of serving Pugachev. Shvabrin played an important role in this. Peter is sentenced to exile in Siberia. Masha lives with Peter's parents. They became very attached to her. The girl goes to St. Petersburg, to Tsarskoye Selo. Here she meets the Empress in the garden and asks to pardon Peter. Tells about how he got to Pugachev because of her, the captain's daughter. Briefly chapter by chapter, the novel described by us ends as follows. Grinev is released. He is present at Yemelyan's execution, who nods his head, recognizing him.
The genre of historical novel is the work "The Captain's Daughter". The retelling of the chapters does not describe all the events, we have mentioned only the main ones. Pushkin's novel is very interesting. After reading the original work "The Captain's Daughter" chapter by chapter, you will understand the psychology of the characters, as well as learn some of the details that we have omitted.
The Captain's Daughter is a historical work of A.S. Pushkin. While writing the story, Pushkin was working on The History of the Pugachev Rebellion. In order to obtain reliable information, the poet traveled to the Southern Urals to communicate with people who, if not themselves eyewitnesses, then heard stories from eyewitnesses of the events.
In the bright, picturesque sketches of The Captain's Daughter, there were more historical facts, portraits and events than in the History itself.
The story begins with the birth and childhood of the main character of the story - Pyotr Andreevich Grinev. The first chapter tells about the upbringing of the future officer, which Pushkin described in another of his works - "We all learned a little, something and somehow." At first, the boy was brought up by the yard uncle Arkhip Savelich. From the age of 12, he was prescribed a "Mussie" - a French tutor, "who did not really bother the noble undergrowth with sciences. So young Grinev reached the age of 17.
One fine day, the father decided to send Pyotr Andreevich to the service, assigning the faithful Savelyich to him.
In conclusion, the heads of Grinev and Savelyich stopped at the Simbirsk tavern, where the sergeant of the guard Grinev met the captain of the hussar regiment Zurin and lost 100 rubles to him on billiards.
In the second chapter, Grinev and Savelich continued on their way. Grinev felt guilty before Savelich for losing and for getting drunk. The amount lost at that time was rather big, the state of health after drinking wine was also not encouraging. The young man was able to draw the appropriate conclusions from his misconduct. He confessed to the old man.
Suddenly, the weather began to deteriorate, they lost their way and got up. And then they saw a man walking towards them. It was a local Cossack. By the smell of smoke, he determined which side the village was on and ordered the driver to go in that direction.
While the wagon slowly rolled along the impassability, constantly falling into ravines, Grinev dozed off to the sound of the wind. And he had a strange, and it seemed to him, a prophetic dream, as if instead of an inn he returned home. There his mother met him and took him to his dying father. But in bed, instead of his father, he saw the bearded face of a peasant whom they met on the way. The man called Peter for a blessing. The dormant consciousness was seized with horror, from which Grinev woke up. And then he heard the voice of Savelich, who announced that they had arrived.
The bearded man quickly took a fancy to a place on the stove. Grinev offered him tea. But he asked to order him a glass of wine. The young man readily agreed. He drew attention to the fact that the owner of the inn and the peasant with a beard were obviously familiar, and a strange, incomprehensible conversation ensued between them.
In the morning the storm subsided, the weather cleared up, and it was necessary to continue the journey. Going on the road, the young man decided to give the bearded hare coat, to which the keeper of the master's property, Savelich, opposed with all his heart, saying that he would drink it in the nearest tavern. Grinev insisted on his own, and the hare sheepskin coat passed into the possession of the peasant, who immediately tried to pull it on himself.
Grinev and Savelich continued on their way to Orenburg. In the provincial town, the young man immediately went to the old general with a letter from the priest. He was received warmly. The general decided to send young Grinev as an officer to the Belogorsk fortress under the command of Captain Mironov.
In the third chapter of The Captain's Daughter, the reader learns that the Belogorsk fortress was not far from Orenburg - only 40 versts and looked more like a village than a fortress.
Here he met the wife of Captain Mironov and other inhabitants of the fortress. Vasilisa Yegorovna was a wonderful woman, a real Russian captain. She delved into all the affairs of her husband, and almost on an equal footing with him managed the affairs of the fortress.
Grinev's first impression of the fortress was not the kindest, the young man became sad and even refused dinner, which caused Savelich's displeasure.
The next morning, Shvabrin appeared to him. He was witty, spoke good French, and Grinev reached out to a new friend. Initially, friendly relations developed between the officers.
In the fourth chapter, it turns out that the service in the fortress turned out to be not so hateful as it might seem at first glance. Grinev talked every day with the captain's daughter, Masha, a simple-minded girl and not at all stupid, contrary to how Shvabrin described her. And between official duties, Grinev tried to write poetry.
One of these verses, or rather the song, caused a quarrel between Grinev and Shvabrin, which ended in a stupid and senseless duel.
In this episode, Shvabrin's petty character traits appeared. He was not only the initiator of this duel, taking advantage of Grinev's hitch, inflicted a severe wound on him, he also informed Peter Andreevich's father about the duel.
Fifth chapter. The wounded Grinev lay in the captain's house. The wound turned out to be severe, Pyotr Andreevich did not recover for several days. During this period, Masha and Palashka, the yard girl of the Mironovs, looked after him. When Grinev began to recover, he invited Masha to marry him. Masha also liked Grinev, and she promised to give her consent if Pyotr Andreevich's parents would accept her.
But because of the denunciation of the duel, received by the old major, he wrote a sharp letter to his son, in which there could be no question of consent to marriage. Father wrote that he would ask Andrei Karlovich, the old general, to transfer him from the Belogorsk fortress. Upon learning of the refusal, Masha began to avoid the young man, Grinev himself shut himself up and tried not to leave the house, except on business.
In the sixth chapter, the newly-minted "sovereign Peter III", the Don Cossack and schismatic Emelyan Pugachev, appeared in the Orenburg province, who was haunted by the laurels of Grishka Otrepyev. In the captured fortresses, half of the population was the Cossacks, who supported the Pugachev rebellion. Therefore, at first, his "army" won. The peasants robbed the captured fortresses, and the nobles who refused to "swear allegiance to the sovereign" were hanged.
In the seventh chapter, Pugachev takes the Belogorsk fortress, hangs Captain Mironov and several officers. Shvabrin was among the "sworn." Young Grinev was also ready to say goodbye to life, but the faithful Savelyich fell at the feet of the "sovereign", begging to take his life and pardon the "lord's child". Here Pugachev recognized in Savelich and Grinev his recent companions. For the fact that Grinev gave a hare sheepskin coat (which, by the way, Savelich could not forgive him), he ordered Grinev to be released, despite the fact that he honestly refused to take the oath and honestly admitted that he would fight against him, Pugachev. Pugachev put Shvabrin in charge of the fortress.
The capture of the Belogorsk fortress is the culmination of the whole work. The events that took place here turned the fate of the main characters of the story upside down.
In the eighth chapter, Pugachev tried to persuade Grinev to his side, but he refused. But despite this, the robber, who remembered the good, decided to let our hero go.
Ninth chapter. The next morning, Grinev and Savelich went to Orenburg. They go on foot, but soon Pugachev's man catches up with them and, at the behest of the ataman, gives them a horse and a sheepskin coat. The robber himself goes to take other cities, and Shvabrin becomes the commandant of the fortress. Masha is sick, she is delirious.
In the tenth chapter, Grinev, having arrived in Orenburg, went to the general. He told about the events in the fortress. At the military council, the young officer spoke in favor of an offensive, noting that the Pugachevites could not resist an organized offensive and military weapons. But at the council it was decided to take a state of siege - a decision not rational and not smart. Caught in a state of siege, the city was forced to starve.
Here he received a letter from Masha, who informed him that Shvabrin was forcibly inducing her to marry. The low man, not having received voluntary consent, decided to take advantage of his power and Masha's helplessness. Grinev immediately rushed to the fortress.
In the eleventh chapter, our hero was intercepted by the Pugachevites and taken to the “sovereign”. He knew perfectly well that he might not return alive. But the thought of losing Masha scared him even more.
He told Pugachev that he was going to rescue an orphan whom Shvabrin offended in Belogorskaya. He told everything to Pugachev, hiding only that Masha was the daughter of Captain Mironov. Pugachev decided to personally go to Belogorskaya, realizing that Shvabrin might not obey anyone but him.
In the twelfth chapter, the ataman demanded from Shvabrin that he open Maria's room and let him in to the girl. Seeing that the deceit and cunning are revealed, he again goes to meanness, and announces to Pugachev that Masha is the daughter of the former commandant of the fortress. But Pugachev released Masha and Grinev, gave them his letter, which opened all the roads to them in the lands subject to him.
In the thirteenth chapter, in one town, Grinev met with Zurin, who advised him to send Masha to his parents. Grinev liked this idea. Together with Masha, he equipped Savelich. The Grinev family warmly received the girl.
Grinev himself joined the Zurin detachment, in which he fought against the rebels.
Fourteenth chapter. Zurin receives a paper in which Grinev was ordered to be arrested for his connection with Pugachev. This was the last revenge of the vile Shvabrin. He slandered the young officer, attributing his own baseness to him.
When the Grinev estate learned that Pyotr Andreevich had been imprisoned for ties with the rebels and betrayal, his father was upset, and Masha decided to go to St. Petersburg to Empress Catherine II. Masha met the Empress in the garden and told about everything, not even suspecting that she was talking to Her Majesty. The Empress believed the story of Captain Mironov's daughter. Masha returned to the estate with a letter from Her Majesty to her future father-in-law.
Pyotr Grinev was released from prison and was present at the square where Pugachev was executed. Soon he and Masha got married and lived a long and happy life in the Simbirsk province.
This is the summary of Pushkin's The Captain's Daughter, but it is much more interesting to read the whole work.
Pushkin, having written this work, undoubtedly created a masterpiece that is a success even today. The history of valiant warriors defending the honor of the Motherland, despite all the twists and turns of fate, always commands respect.
You can fully feel the morals that reigned in Imperial Russia by reading the complete work of Pushkin or his brief retelling. "The Captain's Daughter", retold chapter by chapter, is an opportunity to significantly reduce the time that needs to be spent on reading. In addition, the reader gets acquainted with the work without losing the original meaning of the story, which is an extremely important detail.
Chapter I - Sergeant of the Guard
You can find out about the most significant events from which this story begins by reading its brief retelling. "The Captain's Daughter" (Chapter 1) begins with a story about how the life of the parents of the main character, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, developed. It all started with the fact that Andrei Petrovich Grinev (father of the protagonist), having retired as prime minister, left for his Siberian village, where he married a poor noblewoman Avdotya Vasilievna. Despite the fact that 9 children were born in the family, all of them, except for the main character of the book, Pyotr Andreevich, died in infancy.
While still in the mother's womb, the child was enrolled by his father in the Semyonovsky regiment as a sergeant, thanks to the good disposition to the family of one influential relative, who was a major in the prince's guard. The father expected that in the event that a girl was born, he would simply announce the death of the sergeant who had not come to the service, and the issue would be resolved.
From the age of 5, Peter was given to the upbringing of the stirrup Savelich, who, for his sobriety, was granted him uncles. By the age of 12, the boy not only knew the Russian alphabet, but also learned to understand the dignity of greyhounds. Considering his son old enough to further master the sciences, his father ordered him from Moscow a French teacher, Monsieur Beaupre, who was kind, but had a weakness for women and wine. As a result, several girls complained about him to the mistress, and he was expelled in disgrace.
One day, the father of the protagonist of the book, rereading the Court calendar, which he wrote out annually, saw that his subordinates had risen to high ranks, and decided that Peter should be sent to the service. Despite the fact that the son was originally enrolled in the Semyonovsky regiment in St. Petersburg, his father decided to send him as an ordinary soldier to the army in order to protect him from a wild life. Having written a cover letter to Peter, he sent it, accompanied by Savelich, to his friend Andrei Karlovich in Orenburg.
Already at the first stop in Simbirsk, when the guide went shopping, Peter, bored, went to the billiard room, where he met Ivan Ivanovich Zurin, who served in the rank of captain. After it turned out that the young man did not know how to play billiards, Zurin, promising to teach him, declared at the end of the game that Peter had lost and now owed him 100 rubles. Since Savelich had all the money, Zurin agreed to wait for the debt and took his new acquaintance to entertainment establishments, having thoroughly drunk him.
In the morning, Peter was visited by a messenger boy with a letter in which Zurin demanded his money. Frightened by this behavior of his ward, Savelich decided that he needed to be taken away from the tavern as soon as possible. As soon as the horses were delivered, Peter rode off towards Orenburg, without even saying goodbye to his "teacher".
Chapter II - Leader
It is noteworthy that even a brief retelling fully conveys the essence of the work written by Pushkin. "The Captain's Daughter" (Chapter 2) begins from the moment when Peter realizes all the stupidity and recklessness of his behavior. He decides to make peace with Savelich, promising not to spend another penny without his knowledge.
We had to get to Orenburg through a snow-covered desert. After our heroes had covered most of the way, the coachman offered to turn the horses to the place of their previous parking, as a snowstorm was approaching. Considering his fears unnecessary, Peter decided to continue his journey, just speeding up the horses in order to quickly get to the next stop. However, the storm began much earlier than they had time to reach it.
Making their way through the snow drifts, they saw a road man in the snow, who showed them the way to the nearest village. While they were driving, Peter fell asleep, and he had a terrible dream, as if, having arrived home, he found out that his father was dying. However, approaching the bed, instead of his father, he found a terrible man there. Mother persuaded Peter to kiss his hand and receive a blessing, but he refused. Then the terrible peasant got out of bed, holding an ax in his hand, and the whole room was filled with human corpses and blood. He did not succeed in watching the dream to the end, since Savelich woke him up, saying that they had already arrived at the inn.
Having rested, Pyotr ordered to give them fifty rubles to the escort yesterday, but after Savelich opposed, he did not dare to break his promise and decided to give the escort his new rabbit sheepskin coat, despite all the displeasure of his older comrade.
Arriving in Orenburg, the young man went straight to the general, who looked like a real old man. Peter gave him a cover letter and his passport and was assigned to the Belgorod fortress under the command of Captain Mironov, who was supposed to teach him all the military tricks.
Analysis of the initial part of the narrative
Many will agree that one of the best creations that Pushkin created is The Captain's Daughter. A brief retelling of the work allows you to fully familiarize yourself with the story. It will save you the minimum amount of time to read it.
What is the summary about next? "The Captain's Daughter" (1 and 2 chapters) tells how the comfortable childhood and youth of the master's son passed, who gradually begins to comprehend the world through his own trial and error. Despite the fact that he still does not have the proper life experience, the young man began to communicate with various people, recognizing their character traits, which are not always positive.
A brief retelling of the story "The Captain's Daughter" (Chapter 1) allows us to judge how much influence parents had on their offspring, whose decision was unquestioning and not subject to discussion. The second chapter shows the reader that the attitude towards people returns a hundredfold, because the usual sheepskin coat granted to the poor will have a great influence on the fate of the protagonist in the future.
Chapter III - Fortress
A brief retelling of the story "The Captain's Daughter" (Chapter 3) continues. Pyotr Grinev finally arrived at the Belgorod fortress, in which, however, he was very disappointed due to the lack of large-scale buildings. He saw only a small village, in the middle of which a cannon was installed. Since no one came out to meet him, he decided to ask the nearest old woman about where he needed to go, who, upon closer acquaintance, turned out to be the wife of the captain, Vasilisa Yegorovna. She kindly received Peter and, having called the police officer, ordered to allocate him a good room. The hut in which he was to live was located on the high bank of the river. He lived in it together with Semyon Kuzov, who occupied the second half.
Getting up in the morning, Peter was amazed at the uniformity of existence in the place where he was to spend many days. However, at that time a young man knocked on his door, who turned out to be officer Shvabrin, who had been discharged from the guards for a duel. The young people quickly became friends and decided to pay a visit to Captain Ivan Kuzmich, who was caught training soldiers. He invited the young people to stay for dinner and invited them to go to his house. There they were kindly met by Vasilisa Yegorovna, who introduced them to her daughter Maria Ivanovna, the first impression of which Peter had a negative one. You can fully experience how the relationship of these young people began to take shape after reading just a brief retelling.
"The Captain's Daughter" - a chapter-by-chapter retelling of the work - allows you to significantly speed up the time that needs to be spent on reading. Pyotr Grinev immediately became a good candidate for husbands for Maria's parents, and they strongly encouraged the development of such relationships, which at the initial stage did not develop very smoothly.
Chapter IV - Duel
A brief retelling of Chapter 4 of The Captain's Daughter begins from the moment Peter began to settle in the fortress and received an officer's rank. In the captain's house he was now received as a native, and with Marya Ivanovna he developed strong friendly relations, strengthening every day against the backdrop of mutual sympathy.
Peter is becoming more and more annoyed by Shvabrin, however, since there was no other suitable interlocutor in the fortress, he continued to see him daily. Once, having heard a song composed by Peter, Shvabrin starts a skirmish, as a result of which he presents Mary as a fallen girl and challenges Peter to a duel. As a second, the young people decided to invite Lieutenant Ivan Kuzmich. However, he not only refused, but also threatened to tell everything to the captain. Peter barely managed to promise him to keep the future duel a secret. Despite this, on the day when the battle was to take place, the young people were guarded by Vasilisa Yegorovna, who, having taken away their swords, ordered them to make peace.
However, as it turned out, the skirmish did not end there. Maria Ivanovna told Peter that Shvabrin had made an offer to her a few months before his arrival, and she refused him. That is why he says impartial things about her person. The essence of this person can be considered in detail by reading a brief retelling. "The Captain's Daughter" is a story in which people show, first of all, their true nature, which usually hides under the mask of visible benevolence.
Pyotr Grinev, not wanting to put up with this state of affairs, decides to punish the impudent at all costs. The very next day after the conversation described above between former friends, a fight takes place on the river bank, as a result of which the protagonist receives a blow with a sword in the chest, slightly below the shoulder.
Chapter V - Love
In this chapter, the reader can get acquainted with the love line, as far as a brief retelling allows. The Captain's Daughter is a work in which the main characters are not so much revolutionaries striving for power as two young people who are sincerely in love with each other.
The fifth chapter begins from the moment when Pyotr Grinev comes to his senses after being wounded just at the moment when the barber bandaged him. Marya Ivanovna and Savelich did not leave him until his health returned to normal. On one of those days, left alone with Peter, Mary dared to kiss him on the cheek. Peter, who had not hidden his feelings before, proposed to her. Maria agreed, but they decided to wait and not tell their parents until the young man's wound was completely healed.
Peter immediately wrote a letter to his parents, in which he asked them to give him a blessing. The wound, meanwhile, began to heal, and the young man moved from the commandant's house to his apartment. Peter made peace with Shvabrin in the very first days, asking the good commandant to release him from prison. Shvabrin, having gone free, admitted that he was wrong and apologized.
Peter and Maria have already begun to make plans for a life together. They had no doubt that the girl's parents would agree to the marriage, but the letter received from Father Peter completely crossed out their plans. He was categorically against this marriage, and Marya Ivanovna was against marriage without blessing.
Staying in the commandant's house after this news became a burden for Pyotr Grinev. The fact that Mary diligently avoided him brought the young man to despair. Sometimes he even thought that Savelich had told his father everything, which aroused his displeasure, but the old servant refuted his assumptions by showing an angry letter in which Andrei Petrovich Grinev threatened to subject him to the hardest work for not reporting the incident on time. The good-natured old man tried to soften the anger of Andrei Petrovich Grinev, describing in a response letter not only the seriousness of Peter's injury, but also the fact that he did not report it only because he was afraid to disturb the hostess, who, after receiving this news, fell ill.
Reading analysis
After reviewing the above text, the reader can be convinced that the whole meaning embedded in the work by Pushkin has absorbed this brief retelling. The Captain's Daughter (1-5 chapters) fully reveals the world of the Russian Empire to the reader. For most people at that time, the concepts of honor and courage were inseparable, and Pyotr Andreevich Grinev fully owned them.
Despite the outbreak of love, young people did not dare to disobey the will of their parents and tried, if possible, to stop communicating. It is safe to say that if it were not for the rebellion raised by Pugachev, then their fate could have turned out completely differently.
Chapter VI - Pugachevshchina
The political and military situation in the Orenburg province was very unstable. After Ivan Kuzmich received a government letter informing him of the escape of the Don Cossack Pugachev, the guards in the fortress became tougher. Among the Cossacks, rumors began to spread that could induce them to revolt. That is why Ivan Kuzmich began to send scouts to them, informing him about the mood in their ranks.
After a very short period of time, Pugachev's army began to gain strength, he even wrote a message to Ivan Kuzmich, in which he said that he would soon come to capture his fortress and invite everyone to go over to his side. The unrest was further intensified by the fact that the neighboring Nizhneozersky fortress was taken by Pugachev, and all the commandants who did not submit to him were hanged.
After this message, Ivan Kuzmich insisted that Maria be sent to her godmother in Orenburg under the protection of stone walls and cannons, while the remaining people would defend the fortress. The girl, who learned about her father's decision, was extremely upset, and Peter, who saw this, returned after everyone had left, to say goodbye to his beloved, promising never to forget her.
Chapter VII - Seizure
The events that will be discussed in this chapter are fully described by a brief retelling. "The Captain's Daughter" is a story that shows all the mental anguish of the protagonist, torn between his homeland and his beloved, who is in danger.
The chapter begins with Peter being unable to sleep the night before the fight. The news that Pugachev surrounded the fortress and Maria Ivanovna did not have time to leave it took him by surprise. He hurriedly joined the men who were preparing to defend the structure. Some of the soldiers deserted, and when Pugachev sent the last warning to the defenders of the fortress, there were already very few of them left. Ivan Kuzmich ordered his wife and daughter to leave the battlefield. Despite the fact that the defense of the fortress was heroic, Pugachev captured it without much difficulty, since the forces were unequal.
The face of the rebel, who was taking the oath in the square, seemed to Peter vaguely familiar, but he could not remember exactly where he had seen him. Anyone who did not want to submit to the leader, he immediately executed. Most of all, the protagonist was struck when he saw Shvabrin in the crowd of traitors, who tried his best to send Peter to the gallows.
Our hero, who was already in the noose, was saved by a happy accident in the form of the old man Savelich, who threw himself at Pugachev's feet and asked for pardon for the master. The rebel pardoned the young man and, as it turned out, not in vain. It was Pugachev who was the very guide who brought Peter and Savelich out of the snowstorm, and it was to him that the young man gave his hare coat. However, Peter, who had not yet had time to move away from the first shock, was waiting for a new one: Vasilisa Yegorovna, stripped naked, ran out into the square, scolding the invaders, and seeing her husband killed by Pugachev, showered him with curses, in response to which he ordered her to be executed, and the young Cossack hit her saber to the head.
Chapter XIII - Uninvited Guest
You can fully feel the full extent of the despair that gripped the protagonist by reading the full work of Pushkin or his brief retelling. "The Captain's Daughter" chapter by chapter (Pushkin) allows you to significantly speed up the reading time without losing the meaning of the story. This chapter begins with the following moment: Peter stands on the square and watches how the surviving people continued to swear allegiance to Pugachev. After that, the area is empty. Most of all, Pyotr Grinev was worried about the uncertainty of the fate of Maria Ivanovna. Examining her room, plundered by robbers, he found the maid Palasha, who said that Marya Ivanovna had run away to the popadya, where Pugachev was having lunch at that very moment.
Peter immediately went to her house and, having lured out the priest, he learned that in order to save Mary from the robbers, she called the girl her sick niece. A little reassured, Peter returned home, but was immediately summoned to an appointment with Pugachev. He was still sitting at the priest along with his closest officers. Pugachev, like Peter, was amazed at the vicissitudes of fate, which again brought their paths together, because, giving a sheepskin coat to the guide, Peter could not even think that he would save his life someday.
Pugachev asked again if Peter would swear allegiance to him, but he refused and asked to be released to Orenburg. Since the rebel was in a good mood and was extremely pleased with Peter's honesty, he allowed him to retire the next day.
Chapter IX - Separation
In this chapter, the reader can get acquainted with the robbery that Pugachev did in Russia. His deeds are fully conveyed even by a brief retelling. "The Captain's Daughter" is one of the first works that reveal the whole essence of that era. It shows without embellishment the robbery and devastation that reigned in the cities captured by the gangs of the self-proclaimed sovereign.
The ninth chapter begins with the fact that in the morning Pyotr Grinev again comes to the square. The people hanged the day before are still hanging in nooses, and the body of the commandant was only taken aside and covered with matting.
At this time, Pugachev, to the beat of drums, goes out into the street along with all his entourage, in whose ranks Shvabrin also stood. Having called Peter to him, he allowed him to leave for Orenburg and announce to the governor that the generals there should prepare for his arrival and surrender in order to avoid bloodshed.
After that, he turned to the people and said that Shvabrin was now appointed commandant of the fortress, he must be obeyed unquestioningly. Peter was horrified, realizing that Maria Ivanovna remained in the hands of a traitor angry with her, but so far he could not do anything.
Having made this statement, Pugachev was about to leave, but Savelich approached him with a list of stolen items. The leader, angry, drove him away, however, when Peter said goodbye to Marya Ivanovna, whom he already considered his wife, and he and Savelich retired from the fortress at a sufficient distance, they were overtaken by a constable who handed them a horse and a fur coat. He also said that he was also carrying a half money from their benefactor, which he had lost on the road. Despite the fact that neither Peter nor Savelich believed his words, they nevertheless gratefully accepted the gift and set off towards Orenburg.
Analysis
The central part of the narrative allows us to conclude that the life of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev was constantly in danger due to his carelessness. After you analyze the shortest retelling, "The Captain's Daughter" will no longer be presented as a fun story, but as a work that should direct young people on the right path and protect them from reckless actions. This happened to Pyotr Grinev, who, thanks to his kind and honest disposition, was able to win the respect of even such an unprincipled person as Pugachev.
Chapter X - The Siege of the City
After Peter finally arrived in Orenburg, he spoke at a special military meeting about how things were in the Pugachev army and the Belgorod fortress, and called for the immediate dispatch of troops to disperse the rebels, but his opinion was not supported. It was decided for the sake of the safety of the inhabitants of the city to withstand the siege, repelling the attacks of the enemy, but the city was completely unprepared for it. Prices immediately rose to the maximum level, there was not enough food for everyone, famine was brewing in Orenburg.
During this time, Pyotr Andreevich repeatedly made sorties to the enemies, exchanging fire with the Pugachev assistants, but the advantage was almost always on their side, since neither the horse nor the people experienced a shortage of food. In one of these sorties, Peter caught up with a lagging behind Cossack and was already about to cut him down, as he recognized him as a constable who brought him a horse and sheepskin coat when he and Savelich left the Belgorod fortress. The same, in turn, gave him a letter from Marya Ivanovna, which said that Shvabrin was forcing her to marry and, if she refused, would send her straight to Pugachev. She asked him for 3 days to think and begged Pyotr Andreevich to make every effort to save her, since besides him she no longer has close people. The young man immediately went to the governor of Orenburg, to whom he told about the state of affairs and asked him to give him soldiers, promising to release the Belgorod fortress and Maria Ivanovna with them, but the governor refused him.
Chapter XI - Rebellious Freedom
Disappointed by the governor's refusal, Peter returned to his apartment and asked Savelich to give him part of the hidden money, and to use the rest without hesitation for his own needs. He was going to go alone to the Belgorod fortress to save Marya Ivanovna. Despite such a generous gift, Savelich decided to follow him. On the way, they were stopped by Pugachev's patrolmen, and, despite the fact that Peter managed to slip past them, he could not leave Savelich in their hands and returned back, after which he was also tied up and taken to Pugachev for interrogation.
Left alone with him, Peter asked to release the orphan girl whom Shvabrin is holding in captivity and demands that she marry him. Angry, Pugachev decided to personally go to the fortress and free the hostage.
Chapter XII - Orphan
When Pugachev drove up to the commandant's house, Shvabrin saw that Pyotr had come with him, he was frightened, did not want to show the girl to them for a long time, referring to the fact that she was sick and in delirium tremens, and also that she would not allow an outsider to enter his wife.
However, Pugachev quickly tempered his ardor, declaring that as long as he is a sovereign, everything will be as he decides. Approaching the room where Marya Ivanovna was kept, Shvabrin made another attempt to prevent visitors from entering her, saying that he could not find the key, but Pugachev simply kicked the doors.
A sad sight met their eyes. Marya Ivanovna, pale and dishevelled, was sitting on the floor in a simple peasant dress, and next to her lay a piece of bread and water. It turned out that the girl was not going to give Shvabrin her consent to the marriage, and his deceit greatly angered Pugachev, who, however, being in a good mood, decided to pardon him this time. Peter, once again risking resorting to the mercy of Pugachev, asked to be released with Marya Ivanovna in all four directions and, having received approval, began to prepare for the road. And Maria went to say goodbye to her murdered parents.
Chapter XIII - Arrest
A brief retelling of the story "The Captain's Daughter" allows us to assess the strength of Pugachev's influence at that time. Thanks to the safe-conduct, which he issued to Pyotr Grinev, he and Maria passed all the oncoming posts without any problems until he was captured by the sovereign's soldiers, who mistook him for an enemy. Imagine Peter's surprise when it turned out that Ivan Ivanovich Zurin turned out to be the head of the soldiers, the same one to whom he lost 100 rubles in billiards. They decided to send Maria along with Savelich to Peter's parents. The young man himself had to stay and continue with Zurin the campaign against the robber Pugachev. Maria immediately agreed with his proposal, and the old man Savelyich, stubbornly, agreed to accompany her and take care of her as his future mistress.
Peter took up his duties in the Zurin regiment and even received his first vacation, which he was going to spend with his relatives. But suddenly Zurin came to his apartment with a letter in which he ordered to arrest Peter, wherever he was, and transfer him under investigation in the Pugachev case.
Despite the fact that the conscience of the young man was clear, and he was not afraid of being accused of a crime, the thought that he would not see his relatives and Mary for several more months poisoned his existence.
Chapter XIV - Judgment
A brief retelling of the work "The Captain's Daughter" (Chapter 14) continues with the fact that Peter was taken to Kazan, completely destroyed by Pugachev, in custody. He was put in chains as a criminal and the very next day they began to interrogate him with the participation of the commission. Peter indignantly denied all accusations and told the commission his version of the events.
Despite the fact that the judges began to feel trust in Peter's story, after the speech of Shvabrin, who was also arrested and told the commission about Peter's espionage activities for the benefit of Pugachev, his already unimportant affairs deteriorated significantly. Peter was taken to a cell and was not called back for interrogations.
The rumor of his arrest struck the whole family, which was imbued with sincere love for Marya Ivanovna. Andrei Petrovich Grinev received a letter from his relative, in which he reported that the evidence of treason by his son turned out to be too solid, but thanks to his influence, it was decided to replace the execution with exile to Siberia.
Despite the fact that Peter's relatives were inconsolable, Marya Ivanovna did not lose her presence of mind and decided to go to St. Petersburg in order to turn to the most influential people for help. She arrived in Sofia and, stopping near the location of the royal court, told one young lady her story, asking the empress to put in a word for her. Despite the fact that at first the young lady did not believe her story, the more Maria Ivanovna told her the details, the more favorable the lady became to her, promising to put in a good word for her before the empress.
As soon as the girl returned to her room, which she was renting, a carriage was brought to the house, and the footman announced that the empress was demanding her to the court. Presenting herself in the face of the empress, the girl recognized in her the very lady with whom she had recently spoken and asked for help, she handed her a letter to her future father-in-law and said that Peter would be fully justified. To celebrate, Marya Ivanovna immediately went to the village, not staying in St. Petersburg for a single day.
Summing up
Many will agree that one of the best works that Pushkin wrote is The Captain's Daughter. A brief retelling of the previous chapters fully shows the hopelessness of the position of the protagonist. Having managed to avoid most of the dangers and delivering his beloved to a safe place, under the protection of his parents, Pyotr Grinev finds himself in a very difficult situation, as a result of which he can be recognized as a traitor to the Motherland and even executed.
If it were not for the dedication of a young girl who was not afraid to appear before the queen with a request for pardon, the current situation for Pyotr Grinev would not have ended in the best way.
Epilogue
Reading a brief retelling of the story "The Captain's Daughter" chapter by chapter, we were able to fully feel the atmosphere of that time.
Despite the fact that the notes of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev break off at this, it is known that he was completely acquitted and released, was present at the execution of Pugachev and nevertheless married Maria Ivanovna, with whom he lived happily until his death, carefully keeping the letter of the tsarina sent to him father.
The whole essence of the story is conveyed regardless of whether you read the whole story or just a brief retelling of it. "The Captain's Daughter", transmitted chapter by chapter, allows you to consider in detail how the life of the protagonist developed, without prejudice to the meaning of the story. The selfless young man did not bow down under the blows of fate, with due courage he endured all the misfortunes that befell him.
Without a doubt, even a very brief retelling can fully convey the whole meaning that Pushkin put into his creation. "The Captain's Daughter" is still a work that makes people proud. It is these heroes who faithfully serve their Fatherland.
main characters
Petr Grinev- Pyotr Andreevich Grinev. 16 year old nobleman. Grinev enters the service in the Belogorsk fortress near Orenburg. Here he falls in love with the boss's daughter, the captain's daughter Masha Mironova.
Masha Mironova- Marya Ivanovna Mironova, the captain's daughter. 18-year-old daughter of Captain Mironov. A smart and kind girl, a poor noblewoman. Masha and Petr Grinev fall in love with each other. They overcome many difficulties on the way to happiness.
Emelyan Pugachev— Don Cossack. Raises an uprising and pretends to be the late Emperor Peter III (husband of Catherine II). He attacks the Belogorsk fortress, where Grinev serves. Pugachev has friendly relations with Grinev, despite the fact that Pugachev is a cruel robber.
Chapter 1. Sergeant of the Guard
At the beginning of the story, the main character Peter Grinev tells the reader about his young life. He is the only survivor of 9 children of a retired major and a poor noblewoman, he lived in a middle-class noble family. The upbringing of the young master was actually engaged in the old servant. Peter's education was low, since his father, a retired major, hired the French hairdresser Beaupré as a tutor, leading an immoral lifestyle. For drunkenness and depraved actions, he was expelled from the estate. And his father decided to send 17-year-old Petrusha, through old connections, to serve in Orenburg (instead of St. Petersburg, where he was supposed to go to serve in the guards) and attached an old servant Savelich to him for supervision. Petrusha was upset, because instead of parties in the capital, a dull existence in the wilderness awaited him. During a stopover on the way, the young gentleman made an acquaintance with the rake-captain Zurin, because of whom, under the pretext of training, he got involved in playing billiards. Then Zurin offered to play for money and as a result, Petrusha lost as much as 100 rubles - a lot of money at that time. Savelich, being the keeper of the master's "treasury", is against Peter paying the debt, but the master insists. The servant is indignant, but gives the money back.
Chapter 2
In the end, Piotr is ashamed of his loss and promises Savelich not to gamble again. There is a long road ahead of them, and the servant forgives the master. But because of the indiscretion of Petrusha, they again get into trouble - the impending snowstorm did not embarrass the young man and he ordered the driver not to return. As a result, they lost their way and almost froze. For luck, they met a stranger who helped the lost travelers to go to the inn.
Grinev recalls how then, tired from the road, he had a dream in a wagon, which he called prophetic: he sees his house and his mother, who says that his father is dying. Then he sees an unfamiliar man with a beard in his father's bed, and his mother says that he is her named husband. The stranger wants to give a "father's" blessing, but Peter refuses, and then the man takes up the ax, and corpses appear around. He does not touch Peter.
They drive up to the inn, reminiscent of a thieves' haven. A stranger, frozen in a cold in one Armenian coat, asks Petrusha for wine, and he treats him. A strange conversation took place between the peasant and the owner of the house in the language of thieves. Peter does not understand the meaning, but everything he hears seems very strange to him. Leaving the rooming house, Peter, to Savelich's next displeasure, thanked the escort by granting him a hare sheepskin coat. To which the stranger bowed, saying that the age would not forget such mercy.
When Peter finally gets to Orenburg, his father's colleague, having read the cover letter with the order to keep the young man "in tight rein", sends him to serve in the Belgorod fortress - even more wilderness. This could not but upset Peter, who had long dreamed of a guards uniform.
Chapter 3
The owner of the Belgorod garrison was Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, but his wife, Vasilisa Yegorovna, actually ran everything. Simple and sincere people immediately liked Grinev. The elderly Mironov couple had a daughter, Masha, but so far their acquaintance has not taken place. In the fortress (which turned out to be a simple village), Peter meets a young lieutenant Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin, who was exiled here from the guards for a duel that ended in the death of the enemy. Shvabrin, having a habit of speaking unflatteringly about those around him, often spoke caustically about Masha, the captain's daughter, exposing her as a complete fool. Then Grinev himself gets acquainted with the daughter of the commander and questions the statements of the lieutenant.
Chapter 4
By nature, the kind and benevolent Grinev began to become friends with the commandant and his family more and more, and moved away from Shvabrin. The captain's daughter Masha did not have a dowry, but turned out to be a charming girl. Shvabrin's caustic remarks did not please Peter. Inspired by thoughts of a young girl in quiet evenings, he began to write poems for her, the content of which he shared with a friend. But he ridiculed him, and even more began to humiliate Masha's dignity, assuring that she would come at night to the one who would give her a pair of earrings.
As a result, the friends quarreled, and it came to a duel. Vasilisa Yegorovna, the wife of the commandant, found out about the duel, but the duelists pretended to have reconciled, deciding to postpone the meeting the next day. But in the morning, as soon as they had time to draw their swords, Ivan Ignatich and 5 invalids were led out under escort to Vasilisa Yegorovna. Having reprimanded, as it should, she let them go. In the evening, Masha, disturbed by the news of the duel, told Peter about Shvabrin's unsuccessful matchmaking for her. Now Grinev understood his motives for his behavior. The duel did take place. The confident swordsman Peter, taught at least something worthwhile by the tutor Beaupre, turned out to be a strong opponent for Shvabrin. But Savelich appeared at the duel, Peter hesitated for a second and was eventually wounded.
Chapter 5
The wounded Peter was nursed by his servant and Masha. As a result, the duel brought the young people closer, and they were inflamed with mutual love for each other. Wanting to marry Masha, Grinev sends a letter to his parents.
Grinev reconciled with Shvabrin. Peter's father, having learned about the duel and not wanting to hear about the marriage, became furious and sent an angry letter to his son, where he threatened to be transferred from the fortress. At a loss as to how his father could find out about the duel, Peter attacked Savelich with accusations, but he himself received a letter with the owner's displeasure. Grinev finds only one answer - Shvabrin reported the duel. Father's refusal to bless does not change Peter's intentions, but Masha does not agree to secretly marry. For a while they move away from each other, and Grinev understands that unhappy love can deprive him of his mind and lead to debauchery.
Chapter 6
Unrest begins in the Belgorod fortress. Captain Mironov receives an order from the general to prepare the fortress for an attack by rebels and robbers. Emelyan Pugachev, who called himself Peter III, escaped from custody and terrified the neighborhood. According to rumors, he had already captured several fortresses and was approaching Belgorod. It was not necessary to count on victory with 4 officers and army "disabled". Alarmed by rumors about the capture of a nearby fortress and the execution of officers, Captain Mironov decided to send Masha and Vasilisa Yegorovna to Orenburg, where the fortress is stronger. The captain's wife speaks out against the departure, and decides not to leave her husband in difficult times. Masha says goodbye to Peter, but she fails to leave the fortress.
Chapter 7
Ataman Pugachev appears at the walls of the fortress and offers to surrender without a fight. Commandant Mironov, having learned about the betrayal of the constable and several Cossacks who joined the rebel clan, does not agree to the proposal. He orders his wife to dress Masha as a commoner and take the priest to the hut, and he himself opens fire on the rebels. The battle ends with the capture of the fortress, which, together with the city, passes into the hands of Pugachev.
Right at the commandant's house, Pugachev perpetrates reprisals against those who refused to take the oath to him. He orders the execution of Captain Mironov and Lieutenant Ivan Ignatich. Grinev decides that he will not swear allegiance to the robber and will accept an honorable death. However, here Shvabrin comes up to Pugachev and whispers something in his ear. The chieftain decides not to ask for the oath, ordering all three to be hanged. But the old faithful servant Savelyich rushes at the feet of the ataman and he agrees to pardon Grinev. Ordinary soldiers and residents of the city take the oath of allegiance to Pugachev. As soon as the oath ended, Pugachev decided to dine, but the Cossacks pulled out of the commandant's house, where they robbed the good, naked Vasilisa Yegorovna by the hair, who was crying for her husband and cursing the convict. Ataman ordered to kill her.
Chapter 8
Grinev's heart is out of place. He understands that if the soldiers find out that Masha is here and alive, she cannot escape reprisals, especially since Shvabrin took the side of the rebels. He knows that his beloved is hiding in the priest's house. In the evening the Cossacks came, sent to take him to Pugachev. Although Peter did not accept the False Tsar's offer of all honors for the oath, the conversation between the rebel and the officer was friendly. Pugachev remembered the good and now gave Peter freedom in return.
Chapter 9
The next morning, Pugachev, in front of the people, called Peter to him and told him to go to Orenburg and report on his offensive in a week. Savelich began to fuss about the plundered property, but the villain said that he would let him go on sheepskin coats for such impudence. Grinev and his servant leave Belogorsk. Pugachev appoints Shvabrin as a commandant, and he himself goes on another feat.
Pyotr and Savelich are on foot, but one of Pugachev's gang caught up with them and said that His Majesty would grant them a horse and a sheepskin coat, and fifty, but he supposedly lost it.
Masha fell ill and lay delirious.
Chapter 10
Arriving in Orenburg, Grinev immediately reported on the deeds of Pugachev in the Belgorod fortress. A council met, at which everyone except Peter voted for defense, not attack.
A long siege begins - hunger and want. Peter, on another sortie into the camp of the enemy, receives a letter from Masha, in which she prays to save her. Shvabrin wants to marry her and keeps her in captivity. Grinev goes to the general with a request to give half a company of soldiers to save the girl, which is refused. Then Peter decides to help out his beloved alone.
Chapter 11
On the way to the fortress, Pyotr falls into Pugachev's guard and is taken for interrogation. Grinev honestly tells everything about his plans to the troublemaker and says that he is free to do whatever he wants with him. Pugachev's thug-advisers offer to execute the officer, but he says, "pardon, so pardon."
Together with the robber ataman, Peter goes to the Belgorod fortress, on the way they are talking. The rebel says that he wants to go to Moscow. Peter in his heart pities him, begging him to surrender to the mercy of the empress. But Pugachev knows that it is already too late, and says, come what may.
Chapter 12
Shvabrin keeps the girl on water and bread. Pugachev pardons the arbiter, but learns from Shvabrin that Masha is the daughter of an unsworn commandant. At first he is furious, but Peter, with his sincerity, this time also achieves favor.
Chapter 13
Pugachev gives Peter a pass to all outposts. Happy lovers go to their parents' house. They confused the army convoy with the Pugachev traitors and were arrested. In the head of the outpost, Grinev recognized Zurin. He said he was going home to get married. He dissuades him, assuring him to remain in the service. Peter himself understands that duty calls him. He sends Masha and Savelich to their parents.
The fighting of the detachments that arrived in time to rescue broke the robber plans. But Pugachev could not be caught. Then there were rumors that he was rampant in Siberia. Zurin's detachment is sent to suppress another outbreak. Grinev recalls the unfortunate villages plundered by savages. The troops had to take away what people could save. The news came that Pugachev had been caught.
Chapter 14
Grinev, on Shvabrin's denunciation, was arrested as a traitor. He could not justify himself with love, fearing that Masha would also be interrogated. The Empress, taking into account the merits of her father, pardoned him, but sentenced him to life exile. The father was in shock. Masha decided to go to Petersburg and ask the Empress for her beloved.
By the will of fate, Maria meets the Empress in the early autumn morning and tells her everything, not knowing who she is talking to. On the same morning, a cab was sent for her to the house of a secular lady, where Masha got a job for a while, with an order to deliver Mironov's daughter to the palace.
There Masha saw Catherine II and recognized her as her interlocutor.
Grinev was released from hard labor. Pugachev was executed. Standing on the chopping block in the crowd, he saw Grinev and nodded.
The reunited loving hearts continued the Grinev family, and in their Simbirsk province, under glass, was kept a letter from Catherine II pardoning Peter and praising Mary for her intelligence and kind heart.
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| Captain's daughter |
|---|
| Chapter I Sergeant of the Guard |
| Chapter II Leader |
| Chapter III Fortress |
| Chapter IV Duel |
| Chapter V Love |
| Chapter VI Pugachevshchina |
| Chapter VII Attack |
| Chapter VIII The Uninvited Guest |
| Chapter IX Separation |
| Chapter X The Siege of the City |
| Chapter XI The Rebellious Settlement |
| Chapter XII The Orphan |
| Chapter XIII Arrest |
| Chapter XIV Court |
| Appendix. skipped chapter |
Chapter III
Fortress
We live in a fort
We eat bread and drink water;
And how fierce enemies
They will come to us for pies,
Let's give the guests a feast:
Let's load the cannon.
soldier song
Old people, my father.
undergrowth
Belogorsk fortress was located forty miles from Orenburg. The road went along the steep bank of the Yaik. The river had not yet frozen over, and its leaden waves gleamed mournfully in the monotonous banks covered with white snow. Behind them stretched the Kirghiz steppes. I plunged into reflections, mostly sad. Garrison life had little attraction for me. I tried to imagine Captain Mironov, my future chief, and imagined him as a strict, angry old man who knew nothing but his service and was ready to put me under arrest on bread and water for every trifle. Meanwhile, it began to get dark. We drove pretty fast. "Is it far to the fortress?" I asked my driver. “Not far,” he replied. - It's already visible. I looked in all directions, expecting to see formidable bastions, towers and ramparts; but he saw nothing but a village surrounded by a log fence. On one side were three or four stacks of hay, half covered with snow; on the other, a twisted windmill, with popular print wings lazily lowered. "Where is the fortress?" I asked in surprise. “Yes, here she is,” answered the driver, pointing to the village, and with this word we drove into it. At the gate I saw an old cast-iron cannon; the streets were cramped and crooked; the huts are low and mostly covered with straw. I ordered to go to the commandant, and a minute later the wagon stopped in front of a wooden house built on a high place, near the wooden church.
Nobody met me. I went into the hallway and opened the front door. An old invalid, sitting on a table, was sewing a blue patch on the elbow of his green uniform. I told him to report me. “Come in, father,” answered the invalid, “our houses.” I entered a clean room, decorated in the old fashioned way. In the corner stood a cupboard with dishes; on the wall hung an officer's diploma behind glass and in a frame; next to him were popular prints representing the capture of Kistrin and Ochakov, as well as the choice of a bride and the burial of a cat. At the window sat an old woman in a padded jacket and with a scarf on her head. She was unwinding the threads, which she held, uncrossed on her hands, a crooked old man in an officer's uniform. "What do you want, father?" she asked, continuing her work. I answered that I had come to the service and appeared on my duty to the captain, and with this word I turned to the crooked old man, mistaking him for the commandant; but the hostess interrupted my hardened speech. “Ivan Kuzmich is not at home,” she said, “he went to visit Father Gerasim; no matter, father, I am his mistress. Please love and respect. Sit down, father." She called the girl and told her to call the constable. The old man looked at me with his lonely eye with curiosity. “I dare to ask,” he said, “in what regiment did you deign to serve?” I satisfied his curiosity. “But I dare to ask,” he continued, “why did you deign to move from the guard to the garrison?” I replied that such was the will of the authorities. “Really, for indecent actions of an officer of the guard,” continued the indefatigable questioner. “It’s full of lying trifles,” the captain told him, “you see, the young man is tired from the road; he is not up to you ... (keep your arms straighter ...). And you, my father, - she continued, turning to me, - do not be sad that you have been put into our backwoods. You are not the first, you are not the last. Endure, fall in love. Shvabrin Aleksei Ivanovich has been transferred to us for the fifth year for murder. God knows what sin beguiled him; he, if you please, went out of town with one lieutenant, and they took swords with them, and, well, they stab each other; and Alexey Ivanovich stabbed the lieutenant to death, and even with two witnesses! What are you supposed to do? There is no master for sin."
At that moment the sergeant entered, a young and stately Cossack. "Maksimych! the captain told him. “Take the apartment to Mr. Officer, and clean it.” - “I'm listening, Vasilisa Yegorovna,” answered the constable. "Shouldn't we place his honor with Ivan Polezhaev?" - “You're lying, Maksimych,” said the captain, “Polezhaev is already so crowded; he is my godfather and remembers that we are his bosses. Take the officer... what is your name and patronymic, my father? Pyotr Andreevich? Take Pyotr Andreevich to Semyon Kuzov. He, a swindler, let his horse into my garden. Well, Maksimych, is everything all right?
Everything, thank God, is quiet, - answered the Cossack, - only Corporal Prokhorov had a fight in the bath with Ustinya Negulina for a gang of hot water.
Ivan Ignatich! - said the captain to the crooked old man. - Analyze Prokhorov with Ustinya, who is right, who is wrong. Yes, punish them both. Well, Maksimych, go with God. Pyotr Andreevich, Maksimych will take you to your quarters.
I bowed out. The constable led me to a hut that stood on the high bank of the river, on the very edge of the fortress. Half of the hut was occupied by the family of Semyon Kuzov, the other was taken to me. It consisted of one room, a fairly neat room, divided in two by a partition. Savelich began to dispose of it; I began to look out the narrow window. Before me stretched the sad steppe. Several huts stood obliquely; There were a few chickens roaming the street. The old woman, standing on the porch with a trough, called the pigs, who answered her with friendly grunts. And this is the direction in which I was condemned to spend my youth! Longing took me; I moved away from the window and went to bed without supper, despite the exhortations of Savelich, who repeated with contrition: “Lord, Vladyka! nothing to eat! What will the lady say if the child becomes ill?
The next day, in the morning, I had just begun to dress, when the door opened, and a young officer of short stature entered me, with a swarthy face and remarkably ugly, but extremely lively. “Excuse me,” he said to me in French, “that I come to meet you without ceremony. Yesterday I learned of your arrival; the desire to finally see a human face took possession of me so much that I could not stand it. You will understand this when you live here a little more time. I guessed that it was an officer discharged from the guard for a duel. We got to know each other right away. Shvabrin was not very stupid. His conversation was sharp and entertaining. With great cheerfulness he described to me the commandant's family, its society, and the region where fate had taken me. I laughed from the bottom of my heart when the same invalid who repaired the uniform in the commandant's anteroom entered me, and on behalf of Vasilisa Yegorovna invited me to dine with them. Shvabrin volunteered to go with me.
Approaching the commandant's house, we saw on the landing about twenty old invalids with long braids and three-cornered hats. They were lined up in front. In front stood the commandant, a vigorous and tall old man, in a cap and in a Chinese dressing gown. Seeing us, he approached us, said a few kind words to me, and again began to command. We stopped to look at the doctrine; but he asked us to go to Vasilisa Yegorovna, promising to follow us. “But here,” he added, “there is nothing for you to see.”
Vasilisa Egorovna received us easily and cordially, and treated me as if she had known me for a century. The invalid and Palashka laid the table. “What is it that my Ivan Kuzmich has memorized so much today! - said the commandant. - Palashka, call the master to dinner. But where is Masha? Just then a girl of about eighteen entered, round-faced, ruddy, with light-brown hair, combed smoothly behind her ears, which were on fire in her. At first glance, I didn't like her very much. I looked at her with prejudice: Shvabrin described Masha, the captain's daughter, to me as a complete fool. Marya Ivanovna sat down in a corner and began to sew. Meanwhile, cabbage soup was served. Vasilisa Yegorovna, not seeing her husband, sent Palashka for him a second time. “Tell the master: the guests are waiting, cabbage soup will get cold; thank God, learning will not go away; will be able to scream." The captain soon appeared, accompanied by a crooked old man. “What is it, my father? his wife told him. “The food has been served a long time ago, but you won’t be called.” - “Do you hear, Vasilisa Yegorovna,” Ivan Kuzmich answered, “I was busy with the service: I taught soldiers.” - “And, complete! the captain retorted. - Only glory that you teach soldiers: neither service is given to them, nor you know any sense in it. I would sit at home and pray to God; that would be better. Dear guests, welcome to the table.
We sat down to have lunch. Vasilisa Yegorovna did not stop for a minute and showered me with questions: who are my parents, are they alive, where do they live and what is their condition? Hearing that the priest has three hundred souls of peasants, “Is it easy! - she said, - after all, there are rich people in the world! And with us, my father, there is only one shower girl Palashka; thank God, we live little by little. One trouble: Masha; marriageable girl, what dowry does she have? a frequent comb, and a broom, and an altyn of money (God forgive me!), with which to go to the bathhouse. Well, if there is a kind person; otherwise sit yourself in the girls as an eternal bride. I glanced at Marya Ivanovna; she blushed all over, and even tears dripped onto her plate. I felt sorry for her, and I hastened to change the conversation. “I heard,” I said rather inappropriately, “that the Bashkirs are going to attack your fortress.” - “From whom, father, did you deign to hear this?” asked Ivan Kuzmich. “I was told so in Orenburg,” I replied. “Nonsense! - said the commandant. We haven't heard anything in a long time. The Bashkirs are a frightened people, and the Kyrgyz are taught a lesson. I suppose they won’t poke their nose at us; but if they poke their noses in, I’ll set such a wit that I’ll calm down for ten years. ” “And you are not afraid,” I continued, turning to the captain, “to remain in a fortress exposed to such dangers?” “A habit, my father,” she answered. - Twenty years ago we were transferred here from the regiment, and God forbid, how I was afraid of these damned infidels! As I envy, it used to be, lynx hats, but as soon as I hear their squeal, do you believe it, my father, my heart will stop! And now I’m so used to it that I won’t even move when they come to tell us that the villains are prowling near the fortress. ”
Vasilisa Yegorovna is a very brave lady,” Shvabrin remarked importantly. - Ivan Kuzmich can testify to this.
Yes, you hear, - said Ivan Kuzmich, - a woman is not a timid dozen.
And Marya Ivanovna? I asked, "are you as brave as you are?"
Did Masha dare? her mother replied. - No, Masha is a coward. Until now, he cannot hear a shot from a gun: he will tremble. And just as two years ago Ivan Kuzmich came up with the idea of shooting from our cannon on my name day, so she, my dear, almost went to the next world out of fear. Since then, we have not fired from the damned cannon.
We got up from the table. The captain and the captain's wife went to bed; and I went to Shvabrin, with whom I spent the whole evening.
