How many people in the world - so many levels of upbringing and education, different characters, opinions and worldviews, as well as the ability to assess current events. The speaker should overcome obstinacy and indifference, delusion and ignorance, resistance: active and passive. If you are listening to a large audience, then your speech should be slower and louder. It is necessary to remove everything superfluous and secondary. A good choice of expressions and short sentences can increase the impact of your speech on the audience. A speaker is a person who can and should win the attention, trust and sympathy of the audience. Oratory lessons are fundamental rules. Use them to increase your impact on your audience.
Speech technique and voice
1) Perfect, clear and beautiful pronunciation - this is the basis of clear, free speech.
2) The beauty of the spoken speech depends on how clearly you pronounce vowel sounds in combination with clearly sounding consonants, and intelligibility is achieved by the full pronunciation of all sounds by the speaker.
3) Fluency of speech can enhance both the clarity and beauty of the sound of words.
4) Select the volume level and speech tempo in accordance with the acoustics of the room where you will perform. If there are more than seventy listeners, speak slowly and loudly.
5) Use short sentences, watch the spoken expressions, sweep away everything superfluous and minor. This way you will increase the impact of your speech on the audience.
6) Ennobling your language is the most important condition for mastering the art of eloquence, so “clean up” your vocabulary: exclude all vulgar and ordinary expressions.
8) Avoid any sloppiness, be fluent in your .
Persuasiveness is very important in public speaking. But don't overdo it.
The speaker and his audience: success with the public
1) Choose your topic wisely and master it to perfection.
2) The speaker will be able to capture the attention of the public and influence their minds. If he connects his speech to a topic that is interesting to listeners or excites them.
3) Always address the audience. Then the speech will not be a monologue. The speaker makes it feel that he has a keen interest in the audience.
4) A charismatic speaker writes his speech in an exciting and dynamic style. In addition, he never speaks in a cold, indifferent tone.
5) Your presentation will be valuable to the audience if it serves to support or implement any practical idea.
6) A real person behaves correctly both in relation to the enemy and to the friend. Even despite religion, nationality, political views, financial and official position in society, gender and age.
7) Your confidence and calmness are no less important than the words that you are.
8) When studying the lessons of oratory, remember: if you trust yourself, then the audience will trust you.
9) An eloquent speaker is able to awaken the imagination of the audience.
10) The audience consists of different people: each has its own level of education and upbringing, character, outlook on life. Therefore, you need to overcome delusions, ignorance, indifference, stubbornness, active and passive resistance on their part.
11) Present yourself as the person who can win attention, trust and sympathy.
13) You must have an understanding of what purpose you are speaking for and what you are calling the audience to.
14) It is desirable for a person speaking to provide for all those conditions conducive to harmony and an optimistic mood.
15) The speaker will succeed if he can put himself in the place of another person. And also look at things through the eyes of another.
16) Despite your criticism, severity and censure, you still have to make people feel that you are friendly and treat them with sympathy.
17) If the speaker is a positive creative person, but attentive and not distracted from the subject of conversation, treats the audience with sympathy and maintains presence of mind, then success is guaranteed to him.
Thinking and discussion
1) The main idea of the performance is its soul. Strive to reveal it consistently in your speech. And direct all reasoning to the reinforcement and addition of the key idea.
2) You need to organize your thoughts and feelings. Only in this case they will line up in a logical sequence.
3) The speaker should constantly imagine what he wants to achieve.
4) If the topic of the speech really “catches” you, then it will be much easier for you to express your thoughts and concentrate on the subject of the conversation.
5) Oratory lessons, in most cases, consider expression as a force that moves thoughts. She is in close contact with us.
6) All thoughts, all images must be directed to one single goal, which the speaker has set for himself. And everything secondary, not related to the main topic of the speech, you must consciously remove.
7) Learn quiet reflection. The transition between thoughts should be smooth. This way you will achieve balance in expressing your thoughts.
8) Control the direction of your thoughts with your mind. The ability to concentrate is based on the willpower of a person.
9) The discussion is a business exchange of views. In such a process, each speaker must reason objectively.
Address the audience, listen to the opinions of the audience
10) You should speak only on the given topic of the speech, avoiding any useless digressions.
11) Remain calm if the listener expresses an opinion that does not coincide with yours. Oratory lessons contain the law of difference. Two people cannot have the same opinion. It gives the speaker confidence, and also gives the opportunity to appreciate each statement.
12) Any speech by the speaker should have a goal in which the points of view of people and the reconciliation of the disputants will be explained.
13) It is necessary to behave decently. You are given the floor not at all to express your dissatisfaction with this or that person, especially the absent one.
14) Listen carefully to other people. Reflect on what has been said and begin to speak yourself if you are sure that every word you say will be said on the case.
15) The speaker should speak concisely, refraining from long and drawn-out introductions. Therefore, immediately start speaking in. Accurate statements will spice up your discussion.
16) Get used to expressing your beliefs energetically, figuratively. Do not humiliate the person who expressed the opposite opinion.
The image of the head of the company, his leadership qualities and sales skills determine the success of the enterprise. This is known by PR specialists who write speeches for executives, think through them appearance, learn to speak in public and correctly place accents. However, even the best PR specialist will not be able to independently make a bright personality out of an ordinary person, a hero of public speeches.
The book by James Humes - a famous writer, former speechwriter for five American presidents - reveals some of the secrets of public speaking and building charisma. Having mastered the techniques offered by the author, you will gain confidence and learn how to easily and successfully cope with public speaking.
1. Pause
Where should any successful performance begin? The answer is simple: pause. It doesn't matter what kind of speech you have: a detailed speech for a few minutes or a short introduction of the next speaker - you must achieve silence in the hall. After stepping onto the podium, look around the audience and fix your eyes on one of the listeners. Then mentally say the first sentence to yourself and after an expressive pause, start talking.
2. First phrase
All successful speakers attach great importance to the first sentence of a speech. It should be powerful and be sure to evoke a positive response from the audience.
The first phrase is, in the terminology of television people, the "prime time" of your performance. At this moment, the audience is maximum in size: every person in the hall wants to look at you and find out what kind of bird you are. In just a few seconds, the dropout of listeners can begin: someone will continue the conversation with a neighbor, someone will turn to the phone, and someone will fall asleep altogether. However, everyone will listen to the first phrase without exception.
3. Bright start
If you do not have in stock a bright, suitable aphorism that can grab everyone's attention, start with a story from your life. If you have an important fact or piece of news that your listeners don't know, start right there with it ("Yesterday at 10 o'clock in the morning..."). In order for the audience to perceive you as a leader, you need to immediately take the bull by the horns: choose a strong start.
4. Main idea
Even before you sit down to write your speech, you must determine its main idea. This key point that you want to convey to the audience should be concise, capacious, “fit in a matchbox”.
Stop, look and make a plan: first of all, highlight the key thoughts, and then you can supplement and explain them with real life examples or quotes.
As Churchill said, a good speech is like a symphony: it can be performed at three different tempos, but it must retain the main melody.
5. Quotes
There are a few rules, the observance of which will give strength to quoting. First, the quote should be close to you. Never cite the statements of an author who is unfamiliar to you, uninteresting, whom it is unpleasant for you to quote. Secondly, the name of the author should be known to the listeners, and the quotation itself should be short.
You must also learn how to create an environment for quoting. Many successful speakers use similar techniques: before quoting, they pause and put on glasses or, with a serious look, read a quotation from a card or, for example, a newspaper sheet.
If you want to make a special impression with a quote, write it out on a small card, take it out of your wallet during the speech and read the statement.
6. Wit
Surely you have been advised many times to dilute the performance with a joke or an anecdote. There is some truth in this advice, but do not forget that a joke for the sake of a joke only offends the listener.
There is no need to start your speech with an anecdote that is not related to the situation (“It seems that it is customary to start a speech with an anecdote, and so. Somehow a man comes to a psychiatrist ...”). It's best to sneak into your funny story in the middle of a speech to defuse the situation.
7. Reading
Reading a speech from a sheet with eyes downcast, to put it mildly, does not delight the audience. How then to act? Is it really necessary to memorize a half-hour long speech? Not at all. You need to learn how to read correctly.
The first rule of reading a speech: never say a word with your eyes on the paper.
Use the SOS technique: look - stop - say.
For practice, take any text. Lower your eyes and mentally photograph a few words. Then raise your head and stop. Then, looking at any object on the other side of the room, tell what you remember. And so on: look at the text, stop, speak.
8. Techniques of the speaker
It is known that Churchill recorded his speeches like poetry, dividing them into separate phrases and writing each on a separate line. To make your speech sound even more convincing, use this technique.
Use rhymes and internal consonance in a phrase to give the sound of your speech a poetic force of influence (for example, Churchill's phrase "We must follow the principles of humanism, not bureaucracy").
It’s very easy to come up with rhymes, just remember the most common of them: -na (war, silence, needed), -ta (darkness, emptiness, dream), -h (sword, speech, flow, meetings), -oses / wasps (roses , threats, tears, questions), -anie, -yes, -on, -tion, -ism, and so on. Practice these simple rhymes by making sonorous phrases.
But remember: the rhymed phrase should be the same for the whole speech, you do not need to turn your speech into a poem.
And so that the rhyme does not go to waste, express the key idea of the speech in this phrase.
9. Questions and pauses
Many speakers use questions to connect with the audience. Don't forget one rule: never ask a question if you don't know the answer to it. Only by predicting how the public will react will you be able to prepare and get the most out of the question.
10. Final
Even if your speech was inexpressive, a happy ending can fix everything. To impress in the finale, tune in, call on your emotions to help: pride, hope, love and others. Try to convey these feelings to your listeners in the way that the great speakers of the past did.
In no case do not end your speech on a minor note, by doing this you simply destroy your career. Use uplifting quotes, poems, or jokes.
Like any other business, oratory has its own basic rules, the main goal of which is to properly manage the elements of speech and apply a variety of speech techniques and principles depending on the situation. So the speech becomes more understandable, interesting and, as a result, is better perceived and has a greater impact on the mind of the listener. Let's briefly talk about the main principles of oratory.
Forget yourself and get busy
Only an insecure speaker is fixated on himself, he is disturbed by negative thoughts, fear of failure. Such excitement and attention to himself inevitably makes him constrained, insecure, he often gets confused in words and stumbles. What prevents you from behaving in front of the public in the same way as in the company of friends? What keeps us from being liberated? Only internal installations. If you are completely carried away by the performance, forget about yourself and discard extraneous thoughts, you simply will not be left to worry. That is why this rule is called the principle of certainty.
A good speaker is the master of the situation
When speaking, some speakers give the impression that they have done something shameful, that their conscience gnaws at them, they are frightened by every extraneous phrase or question uttered by the listener, they try to answer in detail every irrelevant question and seem to be waiting for instructions from their audience. It looks pathetic, so we must not forget that for the duration of the speech, the speaker should become the leader of the audience, lead it at his own discretion, and not look for advice in the hall. To do this, you do not need to be rude, to show a dictatorial style in communication. It is necessary to be attentive and understanding to the audience, but not to forget to conduct the conversation in the right way. You need to be in full control of the situation and strictly follow your plan, and the audience should get the impression that the speaker knows what he wants.
Excite the audience
If this is not done, then the listeners will take care of themselves. Some speakers act on listeners better than sleeping pills. They just mumble something incoherent under their breath. The audience needs to be captivated, otherwise you will simply tire the listeners and test their patience. If you have a boring scientific report, try to dilute it with interesting facts and keep the attention of the audience. Otherwise, you will be rewarded with a loud standing ovation for finishing your speech. Agree, few people like it.
The principle of the play.
Since the beginning of time, the public has demanded bread and circuses. It is the second that you must give them. People have always been ready to pay money for going to theaters, cinemas, circuses, performances. Subconsciously the audience wants to see some show. It is best to justify this desire of the listeners. To do this, you need to make your speech bright and rich, and not sluggishly read the text on a piece of paper. Try to turn your performance into some kind of entertaining performance.
Add variety
The roaring thunder replaces the established silence. Subconsciously, a person perceives not so much the sounds themselves, the colors of the world, the phenomena surrounding us, but the contrast. We are used to many things and already stop noticing. Accordingly, in order to make speech more attractive and varied, it is necessary to introduce as much variety as possible into it. Variety should be present in everything except diction, which should remain clear in any situation. Change the style of speech, tone of voice, pace, use different emotional shades, actively use gestures, move around if possible. Various pauses will not interfere with the speech. Such speech attracts attention better, makes listening with pleasure, is better perceived and remembered, and, as a result, the return from it becomes much greater. Not at all like a boring and monotonous story that makes you want to sleep or leave as soon as possible. Try to speak as varied as possible, diluting the boring text with jokes and interesting digressions.
If you want to be interesting - be interested
But really, in order for the speech not to be forgotten the next day, you need to interest the audience, not speak indifferently and monotonously. Good speech requires enthusiasm. Try to make your speech as interesting as possible, and it will surely interest the audience. Try to include as few boring facts and "dry" numbers as possible in your speech. It's tiring and has little to no effect.
Responsibility for misunderstanding lies entirely with you.
Whatever excuse the speaker would come up with, all the blame for the misunderstanding by the listeners lies solely with him. It cannot be justified by the clumsy brains of the listeners, the distracted audience. If a speaker throws phrases towards the audience with notes of bewilderment from the fact that they do not understand him, he is absolutely wrong from the very beginning. In such a bad way, he is trying to shift the responsibility to the public. You need to build your speech and speak in such a way that it is simply impossible not to understand you. All phrases should be simple and unambiguous.
Claims to listeners are inappropriate
Although in most cases the listeners are quite disciplined and perfectly understand how to behave in society, there are also those who are not aware of such rules. Listeners are often talkative, aggressive, arrogant, or simply drunk. Naturally, they will seriously interfere with the performance. Although sometimes a violent student can be removed from the classroom, this approach is usually best avoided. No matter how defiantly the listener behaves, no matter how he interferes, distracts, asks inappropriate questions, does not interrupt, you should not make a claim. Whatever the audience, you should always behave with it tactfully and perceive it as it is.
Exhaust the topic, not the audience's patience
Time is the main value in life, because it, in fact, is life. Our life is measured by the minutes we live and how we manage this time. If stealing money is considered a crime, then wasting time from a person is not condemned by society. Don't waste your time and that of your listeners, don't wait until they want to leave, finish speaking early, don't steal a piece of their life.
The principles of oratory are just vectors that set the general direction in words and actions. There should be a measure in everything, stick to the golden mean. These principles need to be applied in certain quantities and only when the situation requires it, because the audience and the situation can be different, and the rules are far from universal. We invite you to visit our training on oratory in Kharkov. This is a real concentrate of useful information, it has helped hundreds of people, now it's your turn!
Efremov Sergey "9 main principles of oratory"
In today's world, the key to success is mastering the art of public speaking. This is a special art in which each person will be able to rediscover himself. He will speak beautifully and correctly, feel confident in front of any audience, be interesting in communication. Of course, there are people who are born with this ability, but there are very few of them. Therefore, a person deprived of God's gift should not worry; if desired, oratory can be learned. At the same time, age does not play a special role, because it is never too late to acquire new knowledge and skills.
Of course, there are professions that simply oblige to thoroughly know the art of public speaking. These include politicians, judges, teachers, actors, announcers, etc. Even if you do not consider yourself to be in these categories, such skill in any case cannot harm you. Other than the benefits, nothing else is out of the question. In life, it can be useful, for example, when applying for a job, and when making new acquaintances. Thus, this art in a variety of situations can provide an invaluable service.
What is oratory?
This is the art of the living word. A person who owns it can easily convey thoughts to others. At the same time, his sentences line up beautiful and clear. He feels confident, because his speech is attractive and interesting. This is what the art of oratory teaches. The degree of ownership of it may be different, but you need to work on yourself in any case. Often in life we are faced with such situations when we have to think about how to say or give an answer to a question. To look convincing, you cannot do without important tricks of special skill.
Oratory and rhetoric participate in the formation of style and logical statements. They help to avoid unwanted pauses and develop memory. Ordinary speech turns into an attractive one and is filled with the necessary emotions. A real speaker is always more interesting for the public than one who does not know how to correctly formulate his thoughts. In addition, timely arguments and facts contribute to the successful resolution of controversial issues. And this is a kind of guarantee of the best way out of conflict situations. Unprepared people will only rarely be able to form their phrases clearly and correctly at the right time.
History of oratory
Chronicles of oratory are transferred to Ancient Greece. It was here that great attention was paid to great craftsmanship. From here come the roots of stylistic patterns and the development of speech, because before the advent of writing, thoughts were expressed orally.
Greek orators skillfully influenced the public, as they owned the laws of logic and the rules of oral speech. They were able to achieve eloquence served as their main weapon from a political point of view. Oratory, being the queen of the arts, could very effectively influence the decisions of state affairs.
It was in ancient Greece that the first school of oratory. Its outstanding masters were Demosthenes, Philocrates, Hyperides, Aeschines and other public figures. Among them, Demosthenes was able to achieve the highest achievements. Without his contribution, it is difficult to imagine the practice of oratory and the basics of the theory of rhetoric, where the word was given great importance. His speeches were studied not only in antiquity, the surviving theories are relevant today. They are included in the golden fund of rhetoric as a separate science.
Speaking in front of an audience
Visual perception and appearance
Speaking to the public, the speaker must prepare not only his speech, but also diligently work on appearance. It is no secret that the speaker is first of all greeted in appearance. It has long been proven that appearance plays an important role in first impressions. Based on statistics, 55% of the persuasive power comes from the appearance of the speaker and visual perception listeners, for tone of voice - 35% and only 10% for words.
Listeners are first and foremost spectators. They will consider the speaker very carefully. Especially the female half pays close attention to detail. Outfit, hairstyle and demeanor will not go unnoticed. A person who is insecure, ill-prepared, or indecisive quickly catches the eye. The public will not want to concentrate and delve into the essence of it speeches. And no matter how hard the speaker tries, it will be very difficult to win over the audience.
Attention retention
The art of public speaking it just includes the ability to convey a prepared report or a speech built on the go. A real master knows how to quickly navigate and build logical sentences. In addition, he knows how to entice his listeners and interest in his performance.
For keeping attention the speaker uses special techniques that allow not only to win over, but also to tune in to the same psychological wave. At the same time, gestures and facial expressions, voice and intonation play an important role. It is one thing to listen, but quite another to be heard. The well-known poetess M. Tsvetaeva also spoke about this. Under no circumstances should the public be given the slightest cause for irritation.
Contact with the audience
Most of the speaker's speech is a monologue. However, the speaker needs to be able to find contact with the audience. He should try to establish a connection, even an imaginary one. Only in this case he will be able to count on a response. A good speaker is able to capture the mood of the audience and correct his speech at the right time. He seems to read the thoughts of the listeners and does not allow them to be distracted from the information presented. This is similar to a mental dialogue in which the other side does not say out loud their wishes. In turn, this does not distract the speaker, but it does not exclude two-way communication either.
So art public speaking- This is an imitation of live communication. It is difficult for a beginner to achieve this, but it is quite possible when mastering the basic rhetorical techniques. Among them: direct appeal to the audience, filling the speech with emotions, adhering to colloquial syntax. Do not worry in advance, everything comes with experience, you just need to make efforts and patience.
Another important means of establishing two-way communication is eye contact with the speaker. If you read the prepared text and do not look up from the paper, the interest of the public will quickly disappear. In this case, the speaker independently builds a wall that protects him from the audience. It is not recommended to look at one corner or the ceiling. Only by shifting his gaze from one listener to another, the speaker can count on uniting the audience and achieving the effect of communication, even at a mental level.
You need to be able to read the reaction in the eyes. In this case, the speaker will be able to control the audience. As soon as he notices the first signs of overwork of the listeners, he will be able to use one of the proven methods to defuse the hall. For example, it can be a recollection of a funny incident, an insertion of an aphorism or a proverb. It is desirable that they be close to the topic of the speech. You can generally step aside from the report and tell a funny anecdote, endearing the audience to yourself. Emotional discharge during fatigue will best recreate a friendly atmosphere. All this will allow to continue the performance, the interest in which will only increase.
Oratory in other types of speech communication
The multifaceted art of oratory includes not only speaking in front of a large audience, but also conducting a dialogue with an interlocutor, debates, discussions, and other types of speech communication. At the same time, the speech of the speaker should always strike with iron logic, but at the same time be sincere and sensual. Only in this case, you can count on the interest of the listener and his location.
In any verbal communication, one can show oratory and leave an indelible imprint, a good opinion and earn respect by striking an interesting conversation. At the same time, great importance is given not only to the literacy and erudition of the speaker, but also to his emotionality, interest and ability to listen to the interlocutor. Of course, natural data also help in this, but the experience gained, the culture of speech and intelligence are not secondary.
Oratory training
Anyone can learn public speaking. The main thing is to have a desire and focus on results. One should not be afraid of the difficulties that may arise in the learning process. Only patience and diligence will bring the expected results. Even many famous people who were able to achieve good luck in public speaking initially encountered difficulties. For example, Margaret Thatcher managed to change her shrill voice, which was naturally such. Her hard work in studying acting has paid off. The politician of France, Mirabeau, learned to present memorized texts so much that they began to seem like a real improvisation.
Oratory training can be carried out independently, but in specialized schools and centers, classes will be more effective. The developed programs and psychological trainings are popular ways to get rid of the fear of speaking in front of the public, develop thinking and memory, replenish conversational stock and gain self-confidence. Here you can learn how to formulate thoughts correctly, quickly interest the listener, gain artistic skills and speak beautifully on any topic, including impromptu. Specialists will teach you how to choose the right intonation and skillfully use different speech techniques. They will talk about how to benefit from communication, introduce unproductive conversation patterns and reveal ways to avoid "uncomfortable" questions.
Who is a good speaker?
Master of Oratory is the person who easily owns the living word and can use it to influence the interlocutor or the whole audience. Speaking of such a professional, it is impossible not to mention the high level of speech culture. Good diction eliminates any fuzzy pronunciation of words and individual sounds. The speaker is pleasant and easy to listen to, because there are no tongue twisters and lisps. The power of the voice is manifested not only in loudness, but also in the mental impact on the consciousness and will of the listeners. In other words, the speech technique of a real speaker approaches perfection.
A successful speaker skillfully uses various techniques. For beautiful speech, the use of popular expressions, well-known proverbs and sayings is of great importance. When they are unexpected, but said to the point, the performance seems more interesting and better remembered. Speech culture of the speaker always judged by the richness of his vocabulary. The more words in the arsenal of a professional, the more interesting it is to communicate with him. And if, in addition to all this, the sentences are concise and well-structured, observing the accuracy of word usage and language pronunciation norms, then such a speaker has no price.
- Anyone can learn public speaking. At the same time, it is important to tune in to luck and in no case deviate from the goal.
- You should never show your excitement to outsiders, and even more so talk about poor preparation.
- Avoid monotonous speeches, pause properly and highlight the right words. Be mindful of intonation when raising and lowering your voice.
- Spend more time training, it is advisable to rehearse a pre-prepared speech at least 3 times.
- Try to keep your audience interested from the very beginning of your speech by coming up with an intriguing title.
- When speaking in public, try to connect with your audience.
- During the speech, change your position, use gestures.
The main advice is this: to master the art of the living word, you need to learn to think beautifully.
What is oratory? This is the art of public speaking in order to convince the listener of a particular thought using a combination of various techniques. The art of rhetoric itself originated in ancient Greece and ancient Rome and has undergone many changes under the pressure of changing eras.
The importance of rhetoric for human life remains unchanged. Oratory, first of all, teaches how to be self-confident and how to instill this confidence in listeners. Good speakers achieve the desired heights in any field, whether it be their own business or a teaching career.
Rhetoric opens many doors to new possibilities, but becoming a speaker does not happen overnight. In order to master this art, it is necessary to study rhetoric, which can be done independently or in specialized classes. This article discusses the main pillars of the art of rhetoric.
The first training is devoted to writing. Preparation of oratory before a speech is the basis on which the art of oratory is built. A well-crafted speech is already half a step on the way to a successful speech. So, work on speech is usually carried out in several stages.
- To begin with, it is necessary to collect information and study it thoroughly. It is very important to refer to several sources in order to consider the issue from different angles. The speaker should be distinguished by good awareness not only of all current news, but also of the main trends in all spheres of human life. Take the time to study the information. At the end of this stage, it is necessary to structure the collected information.
- Next, when working on a speech, the speaker should think about how to attract his audience. The speech of the speaker always has as its goal one or another effect on the listener. When preparing for a speech, it is necessary to study the audience, its interests, manner of communication, and so on. The success of a speech is measured by whether the desired effect was achieved or not. To achieve it, it is necessary to speak in a language understandable to the public about what it is interested in.
- Learning rhetoric is also about building the purpose of your speech. Aimless ranting in front of the public is the lot of a demagogue. Such speeches do not attract the necessary audience. That is why you need to learn to put one or another acute problem that needs to be solved at the head of your speech. Its solution is the purpose of the speech, uniting the audience and the speaker.
- The public trusts the speaker who reveals himself to her as a person. Therefore, it is very important to include your own thoughts on the issue under discussion in the speech. Few people will listen to a speaker who does not have a clear position. For this, it is necessary to pass through your experience and your worldview all the information collected and form your own position.
Oratory is, first of all, the ability to prepare a speech so that it captures the attention of the target audience.
It is equally important to properly prepare for the performance itself.
Preparing for a speech
The rules of oratory say that any presentation must be well planned.
Although the speaker must also be prepared for spontaneous speech. The following scheme is usually used to prepare a public speaking speech.
- First of all, you need to refuse to speak on a piece of paper. You can leave on paper only the plan and short notes about important points that need to be mentioned. Thus, the main part of speech is better to learn. That is why public speaking skills include an excellent memory that needs to be trained regularly.
- Learning to speak is also about following the structure of a speech. This gives the speech consistency and integrity. It is necessary to clearly limit the introduction, body and conclusion. It is advisable to pay special attention to the introduction, since at this moment the attitude of the public towards the speaker begins to form.
- It is recommended to think over the organizational issues of the performance in advance, that is, if possible, familiarize yourself with the venue for the performance, discuss with the organizers technical issues regarding the operation of microphones, prepare water, etc.
- Oratory skills include not only various speaking abilities, but also the ability to look good. The speaker should always look neat, as the appearance is the first thing that the public pays attention to.
Oratory teaches how to attract people and lead them, which is practically necessary for many professions. However, they are not born an excellent speaker, so teaching rhetoric has been relevant since ancient times to this day.
Techniques of a good speaker
Oratory - what is it? These are well-known tricks that a speaker uses to make a speech accessible to the audience and to increase the digestibility of information. There are many such methods. Below are two basic oratory techniques.
- Comparison. Often the speaker's speech is replete with abstract descriptions that are difficult to imagine in the mind. Since information is better perceived when it receives a figurative projection in the mind, the speaker resorts to comparisons that make the abstract more material. To convey a certain mood, the speaker sometimes uses hidden comparisons - metaphors.
- Repeat. Everyone knows the expression "Repetition is the mother of learning." The art of oratory often refers to this saying, because the more often a person receives the same information, the more firmly it is fixed in his mind. It is very important for the speaker to convey to the listener the main idea of his speech, in which the appropriate repetition of the key idea helps him.
In addition to comparison and repetition, the rules of oratory are also advised to turn to allegories, rhetorical questions, appeals, hyperbole, irony and other means of speech expressiveness.
Speech technique
Speaking in front of an audience is a kind of physical work. Speakers know that this is often difficult. Oratory and the art of speech requires the speaker to work on the technique of speaking, which includes the following aspects.
Breath
During active speech, the rate of breathing of a person changes: the inhalation becomes shorter, and the exhalation is longer. The rules of oratory require the performance of special exercises for the production of speech breathing. The speaker during inspiration requires a larger volume of air, as well as its more economical consumption in the process of speech. In addition, evenness of breathing is affected by excitement, from which you need to learn to get rid of.
Volume
Oratory and the art of speech lies in the ability to control your own voice. The speaker should speak equally well loudly and quietly, depending on the situation. Also, within one speech, it is necessary to highlight the main information by changing the tone of voice.
Diction
Speech is clear and clear. To achieve the correct pronunciation of sounds and syllables, speakers carefully monitor the work of their articulatory apparatus and regularly train their diction with the help of tongue twisters.
Pace
Rhetoric oratory tends to the average pace of speech. The speaker should not shoot words like a machine gun, nor should he drawl words. As a rule, in the process of learning and gaining experience, the speaker manages to find the most comfortable pace of speech for himself and for the listener.
Intonation
Intonation changes make speech bright, lively and more accessible for perception. Expressive reading of fiction aloud helps to train intonation.
Any undertaking, at first glance, seems difficult, but do not be afraid. With the right approach and diligent study, any craft and art can be mastered - even as demanding as rhetoric.
