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Memo - an algorithm for characterizing a historical personality1. The historical conditions in which the activity of the individual takes place.2. Tasks that a historical figure seeks to solve, and methods for their solution.3. Interests of what class (classes) expresses a historical figure?4. The value of his personal qualities.5. Evaluation of the results of the activities of a historical personality. 1. Interests of what class or social group did he express? What were the goals and aspirations of this class or group? What personal qualities did he have? To what extent were they suitable for achieving the set goals?3. What means and methods of action did you use to achieve your goals? Rate them.4. What results did you achieve with your activity? Rate them.1. Determine the interests and goals of which social group or class he expressed (in general or at different stages of his activity).2. Evaluate the means used by them to achieve their goals.3. Express your personal attitude towards him.4. Give a general assessment of the figure (progressive, revolutionary, republican, etc.).1. When and in what country did the historical figure live and act, to which social group did he belong by origin? What were his goals, plans, by what means did he seek to realize them? Describe the appearance and character of a historical figure. What personal qualities helped him go to the goal, and what hindered him? What do you value in his character that you do not approve of? 3. List the main results of its activities (what goals have been achieved).4. Establish in the interests of what social forces the hero of your description acted.5. Evaluate the activities of an outstanding person (to whom it was useful, beneficial; whether it contributed to the progress of society). Express your attitude towards him.
Reply
Memo - an algorithm for studying material about wars
Cause and nature of the war:
the main contradictions that led to the war;
preparation for war, balance of power;
parties plans.
The course of the war (main stages):
The reason for the war and its beginning;
Main stages and main battles;
The end of the war, peace conditions, results.
The meaning of war. Economic, social, political and other consequences of wars
Memo - an algorithm for characterizing a historical personality
1. Historical conditions in which the activity of the individual takes place.
2. Tasks that the historical personality seeks to solve, and methods for their solution.
3. The interests of what class expresses the historical figure of the individual?
4. The value of his personal qualities.
5. Evaluation of the results of the activities of a historical person.
Memo - an algorithm for studying material on the revolution
Causes of the Revolution.
The tasks of the revolution ("mirror" reasons)
Driving forces (classes that set tasks in a given revolution and carry them out.)
The class is the hegemon (the class is the leader of this revolution.)
The nature of the revolution (determined by the slogans, tasks of the revolution, as well as by the composition of the driving forces.)
The course of the revolution (main stages, their brief description.)
results of the revolution.
Meaning:
a) international, b) internal.
Memo - an algorithm for the formation (development) of the ability to prove
The proof consists of an argument (argument), reasoning and conclusion.
Analyze the task, understand what you need to prove.
Determine the conclusion that follows from the proof.
Determine the source you will use to support your conclusions.
Highlight the essential facts that support your conclusion, and systematize them.
Arrange your evidence logically, link it to the conclusion.
Find out if all arguments have been exhausted.
Memo - an algorithm for comparing historical events and phenomena
Analyze events or phenomena, highlight the lines of comparison.
Determine the similarities and differences.
If possible, single out the stages in the phenomenon, determine what has changed in the stages and what has remained unchanged.
Draw all the necessary conclusions from the comparison.
You can arrange your actions in a text table
Memo - algorithm for speech quality requirements
Content, i.e. correct, deep, complete, specific coverage of the topic.
Consistency: the sequence of presentation, its proportionality, the substantiation of theoretical provisions by facts or the generalization of facts and the formulation of conclusions.
Richness of speech: figurative and vivid expression of thoughts and feelings through the use of various language means, the choice of exact words, epithets, etc.
Correctness and purity of speech.
Mastering the style of presentation, historical terminology.
The use of vocabulary that allows you to characterize the historical era.
Review the textbook material and write down the headings of sections (paragraphs), as well as the headings of subsections.
Carefully study each section, writing out from the corresponding sections the main concepts found in the text.
Read the text again in order to find links between concepts within sections and find in the text or on the basis of inferences generalizing concepts, categories.
Find the most general concepts or categories that unite the entire content of the text. It is possible that this unifying concept is contained in the headings of the text.
Build a logical structure (diagram) that includes the concepts you have chosen, taking into account the relationship between them.
If it was possible to find generalizing concepts and categories, then as a result of constructing a logical scheme, a hierarchical structure (tree) can be obtained.
If some concepts follow from others, it is possible to establish causal relationships or build logical chains.
If concepts, categories, facts are chronically linked, then chronological tables can be built.
After reading the text again, check the resulting logical structure, clarifying it if necessary.
When drawing up logical structures, be guided by the following requirements:
The simplicity of the circuit, expressed in the minimum number of circuit elements and their connections;
The target and semantic significance of elements and links and their hierarchical arrangement in the schema space (for example, main, auxiliary, etc.)
Visualization, for which color shades are used, as well as tabular, diagrammatic, illustrated material.
Evaluation Criteria for Student Posts
Listen carefully to your friend's speeches, comments, make the necessary notes, analyze his speech (guided by the given memos - algorithms) and evaluate, guided by the following criteria:
The content, depth, completeness and specificity of the coverage of the topic (problem.)
Consistency: the sequence of presentation, its proportionality, substantiation of theoretical provisions by facts, generalization of facts and formulation of conclusions.
Conceptual presentation: whether different points of view (concepts) are considered, whether one's attitude is expressed.
Rhetoric (richness of speech): conciseness, figurative expression of thoughts and feelings through the use of various language means, the choice of exact words, epithets, etc., correctness and purity of speech, possession of historical terminology.
General rules for drawing up a plan when working with text:
1. To draw up a plan, you need to read the text to yourself, think over what you read.
2. Break the text into semantic parts, title them. Headings should convey the main idea of each fragment.
3. Check whether the points of the plan reflect the main idea of the text, whether the next point of the plan is connected with the previous one.
4. Check whether it is possible, guided by this plan, to reveal the main idea of the text.
Note-taking rules:
1. Read the text carefully. Along the way, mark incomprehensible places, new words, names, dates.
2. Make inquiries about the persons, events mentioned in the text. When recording, do not forget to put reference data in the fields.
3. When reading the text for the first time, make a simple plan. When re-reading, try to briefly formulate the main position of the text, noting the author's argument.
4. The final stage of note-taking consists of re-reading previously noted passages and briefly writing them down in sequence.
5. When taking notes, you should try to express the author's thought in your own words. Strive to ensure that one paragraph of the author's text is conveyed when taking notes in one, maximum two sentences.
How to review a friend's answer:
2. Did he follow the planned plan, how did he depart from him, what did he miss.
3. Remember if the student expressed his personal opinion and attitude towards historical events and their participants.
4. Did he use the necessary terms and concepts in the story.
5. Indicate errors and shortcomings of speech (unnecessary repetitions, lack of epithets, living characteristics of people and events).
How to make a synchronous table:
1. Divide the page of the notebook (spread) from top to bottom, vertically, indicate the centuries in the left column.
2. Indicate the names of countries and peoples horizontally in the top row.
3. Remember the main events, processes that took place at a certain time.
4. List them in chronological order separately for each country, correlating with centuries. Specify exact dates.
5. When writing in a table, arrange a list of similar facts on the same horizontal level.
Generalizing logical scheme for studying historical phenomena:
1. Causes of the phenomenon:
The contradictions that caused the phenomenon, the need to overcome them,
Needs, interests of the parties, social forces, their interest in resolving contradictions.
2. The content of the phenomenon, its development:
The most important factors associated with the struggle to resolve the contradiction are
The social orientation of the actions of various forces, the struggle for the resolution of contradictions.
3. Causes of a certain outcome (success or failure) in the development of the phenomenon.
4. The consequences of development and the significance of the phenomenon:
The resolution by this phenomenon of overdue contradictions,
The influence of this phenomenon on the general process of historical development.
Characteristics of public speaking:
1. Time and place of performance.
2. Connection with other events.
3. Reasons.
4. The social composition of the participants.
5. Requirements, slogans, goals.
6. Methods of struggle (rallies, demonstrations, strikes, uprisings, protests, or civil disobedience, etc.).
7. The scale of the performance.
8. Level of organization,
9. Names of participants, leaders.
10. Development of events, main stages.
11. The value of the speech, its results.
Characteristics of the political system of the state:
1. Form of government: monarchy (absolute, constitutional, dualistic) or republic (parliamentary, mixed, presidential, super-presidential).
2. Regime form: democracy, authoritarianism, totalitarianism.
3. Form of device: federation, unitary state. Is it an integral part of any association of a confederal type (for example, the European Union).
4. Structure of authorities:
heads of state, their powers,
Legislative bodies (structure, method of formation, powers),
Executive bodies (method of formation, functions, subordination),
judiciary,
The relationship between the rights of the legislative, executive, judicial,
Local authorities.
5. Rights of citizens (subjects):
Suffrage (universal or not, availability of qualifications, etc.)
Political rights and freedoms,
Personal rights and freedoms
The possibility of exercising the rights proclaimed by law.
6. The main political parties and movements (a brief description of the programs, methods of their implementation, influence on various social strata, positions in the political system).
7. A brief generalized assessment of the political system and the prospects for its development.
Characteristics of wars:
1. Cause of wars, chronological framework.
2. Warring countries or groupings of countries.
3. Objectives of the parties.
4. The balance of forces of the warring countries.
5. Reason for war.
6. The course of hostilities (in stages):
Plans of the parties at the beginning of each stage,
Military and political results of the stage.
7. The nature of the war.
8. Terms of the peace treaty.
9. Military and political results of the war.
How to evaluate a historical event:
1. Establish the causes of the event.
2. Determine the interest in the event of certain classes and social groups.
3. The nature of the event (anti-feudal, liberation, reactionary, etc.)
4. Connection with other similar events.
5. Meaning:
For event participants
For subsequent historical development.
Memo for the characterization and evaluation of a historical figure:
1. When and in what country did the historical figure live and act, to which social group did he belong by origin? What were his goals, plans, by what means did he seek to realize them?
2. Describe the appearance and character of the historical figure. What personal qualities helped him go to the goal, and what hindered him? What do you appreciate in his character that you do not approve of?
3. List the main results of its activities (what goals have been achieved).
4. Establish in the interests of which social forces the hero of your description acted.
1. Determine the purpose of writing an essay in accordance with the topic.
2. Make a plan.
3. When reading literature, highlight the main ideas, provisions, evidence, in order to then focus your attention on them.
4. Classify the collected material, summarize, draw a conclusion.
Abstract structure:
1. Plan or table of contents indicating pages.
2. Rationale for the choice of topic.
3. Theoretical foundations of the chosen topic.
4. Statement of the main issue.
5. Conclusion and generalization.
6. Practical value of the abstract.
7. List of used literature.
8. Applications.
Approximate aspects of the content of the abstract.
1. Introduction:
The validity of the choice of topic (its relevance, significance, new modern approaches to solving the problem, the presence of opposing points of view and the desire to understand them, the opposite of everyday ideas and scientific data about the historical fact of interest, personal motives and circumstances of the emergence of interest in this topic).
2. Main body:
the essence of the problem, the presentation of objective historical information on the topic of the abstract,
critical review of sources
own information, versions, estimates.
3. Conclusion:
main conclusions,
results and personal significance of the work done,
prospects for continuing work on the topic.
Title page layout:
school name,
essay topic,
FULL NAME. teachers,
year of the abstract.
Teacher feedback:
pithiness, consistency, argumentation of the presentation of the material and generalization of conclusions;
the ability to analyze various sources, extract comprehensive information from them, systematize and summarize materials;
the ability to identify discrepancies in various positions, judgments on the problem of the abstract, to give it a critical assessment;
the presence of the author's personal position, independence, originality, validity of his judgments;
the ability to clearly express one's thoughts in writing, brightness, figurativeness of expressions, individuality of the style of the abstract;
the correct design of the abstract, compliance with the plan, the presence of citations, their design,
accompanying materials for the abstract.
REMINDER: RULES FOR SUMMARY OF HISTORICAL TEXT
Read the text carefully. Along the way, mark incomprehensible places, new words, names, dates.
Make inquiries about the persons, events mentioned in the text. When recording, do not forget to put reference data in the fields.
When reading the text for the first time, make a simple plan. When re-reading, try to briefly formulate the main position of the text, noting the author's argument.
The final stage of note-taking consists of re-reading previously noted passages and briefly writing them down in sequence.
When taking notes, you should try to express the author's thought in your own words. Strive to ensure that one paragraph of the author's text is conveyed when taking notes in one, maximum two sentences.
REMINDER: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POLITICAL ORDER OF THE STATE
Form of government: monarchy (absolute, constitutional, dualistic) or republic (parliamentary, mixed, presidential).
Form of device: federation, unitary state. Is it an integral part of any association of a confederal type (for example, the European Union).
The structure of the authorities:
heads of state, their powers,
Legislative bodies (structure, method of formation, powers),
Executive bodies (method of formation, functions, subordination),
judiciary,
The relationship between the rights of the legislative, executive, judicial,
Local authorities.
Rights of citizens (subjects):
Suffrage (universal or not, availability of qualifications, etc.),
Political rights and freedoms,
Personal rights and freedoms
The possibility of exercising the rights proclaimed by law.
The main political parties and movements (a brief description of the programs, methods of their implementation, influence on various social strata, positions in the political system).
REMINDER: HOW TO WORK WITH THE BOOK
Understand how the book is structured.
Select the important, the main.
Keeping records: it depends on the peculiarities of thinking, remembering.
Plan - enumeration of the main events, issues (by what principle should the whole be divided into parts).
The process of drawing up a plan: reading, dividing into parts, a short name for each part.
A simple plan is to highlight and name the main parts.
In a complex plan, the main parts are divided into additional ones.
The value of the plan lies in the fact that it reveals the structure of the work, allows you to follow the course of the author’s thoughts, helps to develop the ability to concisely write down, consistently express one’s thoughts, helps to quickly restore what has been read in memory, mobilizes memory and attention.
There are two types of thesis (compilation of abstracts): extracting the author's theses from the text and formulating the main provisions in your own words. Sometimes, next to the theses, a part of the factual material is also written down.
Extracts: write out facts, figures, diagrams, tables, quotes (you can use your own words). Unlike the plan, theses, extracts can be done simultaneously with reading.
REMINDER: CHARACTERISTICS OF WARS
Cause and nature of the war:
the main contradictions that led to the war;
preparation for war, balance of power;
parties plans.
The course of the war (main stages):
the reason for the war and its beginning;
main stages and main battles;
end of the war, peace conditions, results.
Significance of war (economic, political, social and other consequences of war).
MEMO: CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC SPEECH OF THE PUBLIC MASSES
The social composition of the participants.
Requirements, slogans, goals.
Methods of struggle (rallies, demonstrations, strikes, uprisings, protests, or civil disobedience, etc.).
Scale of performance.
The level of organization.
Names of participants, leaders.
Development of events, main stages.
The value of the speech, its results.
Time and place of performance.
Connection with other events.
MEMO: COMPARISON OF HISTORICAL EVENTS AND PHENOMENA
Analyze an event or phenomenon, highlight the lines of comparison.
Determine the similarities and differences.
If possible, single out the stages in the phenomenon, determine what has changed in the stages and what has remained unchanged.
Draw all the necessary conclusions from the comparison made.
Put your actions in a text table:
REMINDER: WORKING WITH SOURCES AND DOCUMENTS
Read the text carefully before answering the questions and doing the assignments. Remember: direct answers to many questions or hints for formulating answers are contained in the text. Correlate the proposed text with the studied course and determine which content line this text is associated with. This will help to rely on the studied material when completing tasks for the text.
Answer the question: "What is this text about?" – and define its main idea.
Try to answer the proposed questions in order, since they are most often presented according to the principle “from simple to complex”. The answer to the first question can serve as the basis for the next task.
Read the questions to the documents thoughtfully, trying to understand the task completely. Answer exactly the questions asked. Do not lose sight of what you need to rely on when answering: text, personal experience, material studied in the course. Try to give a logically connected answer containing clear and precise wording. Do not dwell on any part of the task, avoid incomplete answers. Do not resort to excessive generalizations and interpretation of the author's text where this is not required by the assignment.
After formulating the answer, check its correctness. To do this, go back to the text and find key words and phrases in it that support your conclusions.
MEMO: ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL EVENTS AND PHENOMENA
What are the causes of an event or phenomenon?
Who is interested in this political event or phenomenon?
What was the purpose of the participants in the course of this event or phenomenon?
In what ways did the participants in the events achieve their goals?
What are the positive and negative consequences of this event or phenomenon?
How can you evaluate this event (phenomenon) as a whole?
Does this event (phenomenon) contribute to the development of freedom and democracy? What historical lessons can be learned from this event (phenomenon)?
Algorithm for commenting on a political statement
State the statement in your own words.
Express your attitude to the statement, explain your point of view.
Complete the statement if necessary.
Evaluate the statement from a moral point of view.
Make a conclusion.
REMINDER: FORMATION OF THE SKILL TO PROVE
The proof consists of an argument (argument), reasoning, conclusion.
Analyze the task, clarify what needs to be proven
Determine the conclusion you are going to prove.
Identify the sources you will use to support your conclusions.
Highlight the essential facts that support your conclusion, and systematize them.
Arrange your evidence logically, link it to the conclusion. Find out if all arguments have been exhausted.
REMEMBER: STUDYING MATERIAL ON REVOLUTIONS
Causes of the Revolution.
Tasks of the revolution ("mirror" reasons).
Driving forces (classes that set tasks in a given revolution and carry them out).
Hegemonic class (class-leader of this revolution).
The nature of the revolution (determined by the slogans, tasks of the revolution, as well as by the composition of the driving forces).
The course of the revolution (main stages, their brief description).
results of the revolution.
The significance of the revolution: 1) international; 2) internal.
REMINDER: CHARACTERISTICS OF A HISTORICAL PERSON
The historical conditions in which the activity of the individual takes place.
Tasks that a historical figure seeks to solve, and methods for their solution.
What class interests does the historical figure represent?
The value of his personal qualities.
Evaluation of the results of the activities of a historical personality.
REMINDER: CHARACTERISTICS AND ASSESSMENT OF A HISTORICAL FIGURE
When and in what country did the historical figure live and act, to which social group did he belong by origin? What were his goals, plans, by what means did he seek to realize them?
Describe the appearance and character of a historical figure. What personal qualities helped him go to the goal, and what hindered him? What do you appreciate in his character that you do not approve of?
List the main results of its activities (what goals have been achieved).
Establish in the interests of which social forces the hero of your description acted.
MEMO: DESCRIPTION OF THE LIFE AND ACTIVITIES OF A HISTORICAL PERSON (PERSONALITY)
Years of life and/or reign.
Stages of life and activity (short biography).
Key actions, views, problems to be solved.
Predecessors and successors; positions that show the similarities and differences in the views of several historical figures.
The historical significance of this person.
REMINDER: COMPILING A SYNCHRONISTIC TABLE
Divide the page of the notebook (spread) from top to bottom, vertically, indicate the centuries in the left column.
On the horizontal line in the top row, indicate the names of countries and peoples.
Remember the main events, processes that took place at a certain time.
List them in chronological order separately for each country, correlating with centuries. Specify exact dates.
When writing in a table, arrange a list of similar facts on the same horizontal level.
personality.
solutions.
Memo - an algorithm for characterizing a historical personality
1. Historical conditions in which the activity takes place
2. Tasks that a historical figure seeks to solve, and their methods
3. Interests of what class (classes) does the historical figure express?
4. The value of his personal qualities.
5. Evaluation of the results of the activities of a historical person.
Memo for assessing a statesman.
1. Interests of what class or social group did he express? What
What were the goals and aspirations of this class or group?
2. What personal qualities did he have? How fit did they fit?
to achieve your goals?
3. What means and methods of action did he use to achieve
set goals? Rate them.
4. What results did you achieve with your activity? Rate them.
Memo for assessing a historical figure.
1. Determine the interests and goals of which social group or class
he
expressed (as a whole or at different stages of its activity).
2. Evaluate the means used by him to achieve his goals
goals.
3. Express your personal attitude towards him.
4. Give an overall assessment of the figure (progressive, revolutionary,
Republican, etc.).
Memo for characterizing and evaluating a historical figure.
1. When and in what country did the historical figure live and act, to which
did he belong to a social group by origin? What are
were his goals, plans, by what means did he seek to realize them?
2. Describe the appearance and character of the historical figure. What personal
qualities helped him to go to the goal, and what hindered him? What do you appreciate in
character that you don't approve of?
3. List the main results of its activities (what goals did
To bring to life).
4. Establish in the interests of which social forces the hero acted
your description.
5. Evaluate the activities of an outstanding person (to whom it was useful, beneficial;
contributed to the progress of society). Express your attitude towards him.
Characteristics of a historical figure.
1. Imagine and describe a historical figure alive, with characteristic
external features (clothes, facial features, manner of speaking, holding on, etc.)
2. Pay attention and underline specific internal
signs of personality (mind, will, attitude to the world, etc.)
3. Remember and state the most important historical facts of public
(labor, scientific, political, military, etc.) activities of the individual.
4. Understand in the study and emphasize in the characterization the class character
personality activities. (Which class benefited from his activities.)
5. Think and say: what is the new contribution compared to its predecessors
brought this person into history? Was
whether its activities
progressive, reactionary? Maybe she combined the features
progressive and reactionary? What was it, and what were
reasons for this?
3 components to the assessment of human behavior.
1. Socio-political conditions (social system, political
environment in which the activity of interest took place).
2. Political assessment of actions, their objective results, regardless
from the motives that gave rise to it.
3. Moral assessment of behavior - an assessment of the goals that prompted a person to
these actions, as well as the means to achieve them.
Characteristics and evaluation of a historical figure.
1. Remember or establish (according to a textbook, an excerpt from a document, a book),
when and in what country did this historical figure live; to
what social stratum (social group) belonged to; which
received education; what were his life goals, what means did he
used to achieve them.
2. Describe his appearance, what personal qualities helped him go to the goal
(and which interfered)? What do you appreciate in his character that you do not approve of?
3. List the main results of his activities (what he did
implement).
4. Determine (according to his deeds, actions) the significance of his activities.
Express your attitude towards this person.
