Despite the seeming synonymy of the words indicated in the title, they perform different syntactic functions in sentences, which accordingly affects punctuation.
Commas with "generally"
Let's start with the easiest - we will find, as we ourselves asked, superfluous. Here it is "as a whole". The basis is not an introductory word, which means it does not stand apart. The only difficulty is to remember it. Every now and then the authors are tempted to consider “in general” as an analogue of “in general” (which, I remember, is introductory) and put commas. No need.
Example: In general, there is no stability in the world: everything is constantly changing. Understood:
"Generally" not introductory, commas are not needed.
Commas with "generally"
But if “in general” is added ahead of “in general”, problems begin. In general, the expression "in general and (in) the whole" is adverbial (that is, it can be questioned as?) in the meaning of “in general, without touching on details, details” and does not require punctuation marks. Examples from the punctuation guide on the Gramota.ru portal:
The general meeting, having considered your question, has come to the conclusion that, on the whole, you occupy excessive space. M. Bulgakov, Heart of a Dog. In general, it turns out that I am not chasing the ball, but he is me. A. Nekrasov, The Adventures of Captain Vrungel. They were of the same generation, Komsomol members of the twenties, all in general and on the whole thought the same way. A. Rybakov, Dust and Ashes.
And so it would be good - it is easy to remember and navigate by "as a whole", which in itself is not distinguished by commas, and as part of this expression. If not for the caveat in the same reference book:
“In fiction, there are cases of isolation of the words “in general and as a whole” with a touch of the meaning “in short”, “word”: All in all, you have very correctly assessed the significance of this document. V. Kaverin, Two captains. In general, the thing is worth two hundred. V. Panova, Kruzhilikha.
Lopatin's reference book also pours water on the same mill, in which "in general and as a whole" is listed among the introductory words indicating the relationship between the parts of the statement.
Therefore, formally to the isolation of the expression "overall" if you don’t fit - you need to delve into the meaning and decide whether it is adverbial in a particular context (you can put a question to it), then no commas needed, or introductory (close in meaning to "in short"), then commas are needed.
Even more nuances with the last word in the trinity - "in general." Not only can it be introductory and may not be introductory, they also confuse it with the word “generally”, and spelling is added to the punctuation problem (whether to put a comma) spelling (to write together or separately). Pulls on .
This is a note from the editorial office of "By Rules". We analyze interesting examples, common mistakes and difficult cases from practice. Subscribe to stay updated on new posts:
If the introductory word can be omitted or rearranged to another place in the sentence without violating its structure (usually this happens with the unions “and” and “but”), then the union is not included in the introductory construction - a comma need.
For example: "Firstly, it became dark, and, secondly, everyone was tired."
If the introductory word cannot be removed or rearranged, then the comma after the union (usually with the union "a") not put.
For example: “She just forgot about this fact, or maybe she never remembered it”, “..., and therefore ...”, “..., and maybe ...”, “..., which means ...”.
If the introductory word can be removed or rearranged, then the comma need after the union "a", since it is not associated with the introductory word.
For example: “She didn’t just not love him, but maybe even despised him.”
If at the beginning of the sentence there is a coordinating union (in the connecting meaning) (“and”, “yes” in the meaning of “and”, “too”, “also”, “and then”, “otherwise”, “yes and”, “ and also ", etc.), and then the introductory word, then a comma before it need not.
For example: “And really, you shouldn’t have done this”; “And perhaps it was necessary to do something differently”; “Finally, the action of the play is ordered and divided into acts”; “Besides, other circumstances came to light”; “But of course, everything ended well.”
It happens rarely: if at the beginning of a sentence worth joining union, a the introductory construction is emphasized intonation, then commas are NEEDED.
For example: "But, to my great annoyance, Shvabrin decisively announced ..."; "And, as usual, they remembered only one good thing."
Always WITHOUT commas are written:
primarily
at first sight
for sure
likewise
More or less
literally
in addition
in the (final) end
in the end
last resort
best case scenario
anyway
at the same time
overall
primarily
especially
in some cases
through thick and thin
subsequently
otherwise
as a result
concerning
in this case
in the same time
in this regard
mainly
often
exclusively
as a maximum
meanwhile
just in case
in case of emergency
if possible
as far as possible
still
practically
approximately
with all (with) that
with (all) desire
on occasion
likewise
the biggest
at least
actually
in addition
to top it off
by the proposal
by decree
by decision
traditionally
A comma is NOT placed at the beginning of a sentence:
“Before… I was…”
"Since…"
"Before as…"
"Despite the fact that…"
"As…"
"In order to…"
"Instead of…"
“Actually…”
"While…"
"Besides..."
"However…"
“Despite the fact that ...” (at the same time - separately); DO NOT put a comma before "what".
"If…"
"After…"
“And…”
« Finally" in the meaning of "finally" - does not stand out with commas.
« And this despite the fact that…"- in the middle of a sentence, a comma is always placed!
« Based on this, …"- a comma is placed at the beginning of the sentence.
BUT: “He did so on the basis of ...” - the comma is not put.
« After all, if...then..."- a comma before "if" is not put, since the second part of the double union - "then" goes on. If there is no “then”, then a comma before “if” is put!
« Less than two years..."- a comma before "what" is not put, because this is not a comparison.
comma before "as" put only in case of comparison.
« Policies such as Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov ... ”- a comma is placed, because is the noun "politics".
BUT: "… politicians such as Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov ... ”- no comma is placed before“ how ”.
No commas are placed:
"God forbid", "God forbid", "for God's sake"- no commas stand out, + the word "god" is written with a small letter.
BUT: commas are placed in two directions:
"Thank God" in the middle of the sentence it is separated by commas on both sides (the word "God" in this case is capitalized) + at the beginning of the sentence - it is distinguished by a comma (on the right side).
"God"- in these cases, commas are placed on both sides (the word "god" in this case is written with a small letter).
"My God"- separated by commas on both sides; in the middle of the sentence "God" - with a small letter.
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Books
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In total In sum, in total. Despite the fact that both spouses were at least a hundred years old in total, they got married relatively recently.(Korolenko. Blind musician).
Phraseological dictionary of the Russian literary language. - M.: Astrel, AST. A. I. Fedorov. 2008 .
Synonyms:See what "In total" is in other dictionaries:
total- Cm … Synonym dictionary
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Books
- Questions and tasks in general chemistry. Textbook for universities, A. V. Suvorov, A. B. Nikolsky. Compiled in accordance with the standards of chemical education and long awaited by students and teachers, a problem book for the well-known textbook by the same authors `General Chemistry`. Designed for ... Buy for 273 rubles
- Story. 10-11 grades. Thematic tests to prepare for the exam. 400 tasks of a high level of complexity (С 4-С 5). Textbook, R. V. Pazin. The proposed manual is intended for high-quality preparation for the exam in history and is aimed at students who plan to get the highest possible score on the exam. The book contains…
