LESSON 117
Topic: One and two letters n in passive suffixes past participles and adjectives formed from verbs
Lesson type: a lesson in discovering new knowledge.
Goals as activities of students.
Metasubject:
M/n: extract, process and transform information from one type to another (scheme, keywords, algorithm),
analyze, compare, reason, draw conclusions.
Subject:
4LR: recognize a new spelling, analyze the choicen andnn in the suffixes of the passive past participles and
verbal adjectives, write one or two lettersn based on the algorithm, verbally and graphically explain the choice
spellings.
Lesson stagesDuring the classes
Formation of UUD and assessment technology, spiritual and moral education
I. Organizational moment.
Greetings. Check readiness for the lesson. Identification of absentees.
II. Checking homework.
Students exchange homemade assignments. Several people perform tasks at the blackboard (it is desirable that the tasks are of different types), the rest are on pieces of paper.
Pupils at the blackboard make self-assessment in dialogue with the teacher.
The teacher collects the worksheets with completed tasks for checking.
TOUU
III. Language workout.
The teacher dictates word combinations:
equestrianism, sandbank, hurricane wind, straw man, silver medal, pocket watch, majestic mountains, young hero, rosy cheeks, deserted distance, old buildings, frivolous girl, art gallery, glass pipe.
– What spelling is in all combinations?
– What parts of speech are adjectives formed from?
– Graphically indicate the conditions for choosing spellings.
– Read the words in groups: 1) with the suffix -n -; 2) with suffix -en -(- yang -); 3) with suffix -enn -. How many lettersn in the words of each group?
– What words did not fit into any of the groups? (young, ruddy .) Why? (n - part of the root, not formed from nouns).
Cognitive UUD
1. Own different types of listening (introductory, selective).
2. Analyze, compare, generalize, draw conclusions, build reasoning.
IV. Statement of the problem of the lesson.
Students conduct an observation on the material of the textbook: § 76, heading "Defining the problem of the lesson."
A contradiction is revealed in the spelling of suffixes of the highlighted words:
with one and two lettersn , formulate the problem: in what cases
write one lettern , and in which two lettersn in participle suffixes?
Regulatory UUD
1. Make guesses based on observations.
2. Formulate the topic and purpose of the lesson.
V. Discovery of new knowledge.
1 . Leading dialogue is used.
a) Students write out N.A. Taffy words in groups and
conduct their analysis under the guidance of a teacher (based on textbook questions).
1st slide .
Two features that affect spelling are revealed: the type of verbs,
from which participles and verbal adjectives are formed, and
structure of words (presence or absence of a prefix).
After the preliminary conclusions of the students about writing one and
two lettersn on the slide, by clicking the mouse, the corresponding
designations (SV over the verbs of the 1st column, NSV - over the verbs
2nd column, prefixes in participlescut, painted ).
b) Continuation of observations.
2nd slide .
Task: compare pairs of words and complete the previous conclusion.
(Consolenot does not affect the spelling of one and two lettersn .)
c) Continuation of observations.
3rd slide .
Task: Find similar words in each column. Speak out
assumptions, what is the reason for the difference in writing one and two
lettersn in these words.
Words are underlined after students answer by mouse clickon the
grill, charcoal, in combat , above the inscriptiondependent word .
– Make a general conclusion: in which cases two letters are written in the suffixes of passive participles and verbal adjectivesn , and in some - one.
2. Ex. 620 - reading the text of the rule.
– What new information did you discover?
– Write down in the form of keywords the signs that influence the choice of two lettersn .
– Name the identifying feature of the new spelling.
Present a graphical model of spelling.(Cm.material of the subject disk - a graphic model of the spelling "One and two lettersn in the suffixes of passive past participles and adjectives formed from verbs" to § 76.)
– Are you familiar with this identification? In what spelling does it occur?
– How to distinguish these spellings? What condition for choosing a spelling is the main one for distinguishing spellings of different types? (From what part of speech is the word that names the sign formed: from a noun or from a verb.)
– Present the rule as a diagram.(Cm.material of the subject disk - a diagram of the rule for choosing one and two lettersn in the suffixes of passive past participles and adjectives formed from verbs in § 76.)
3. Ex. 621 - a comic grammatical miniature, giving
motivating rule.
– Find participles, explain the spelling of two letters in themn , relying on one of the conditions named in this text.
Regulatory UUD
1. Look for ways to solve the problem.
2. Predict and correct your activities.
3. To carry out cognitive and personal reflection.
Cognitive UUD
1 . Own different types of reading (introductory, studying).
2 . Extract information, transform it and transfer it in other forms (graphic model, diagram).
VI. Development of educational language and spelling skills.
Ex. 622 - the course of reasoning is analyzed when choosing a spelling
one or two lettersn in suffixes of passive past participles and verbal adjectives.
Students independently restore the 1st step of the algorithm
(remember the beginning of the knowledge discovery stage): find a word (verb),
from which the participle (adjective) is formed.
It is carried out in writing in notebooks with comments.
Ex. 623 - the primary ability to find words with the studied spelling develops, to explain the spelling of two lettersn in participles, based on the algorithm and one of the conditions named in exercise. 621.
Performed with oral commentary.
Ex. 624 - the ability to write words with a studied spelling based on an algorithm (or a rule scheme) develops, to graphically indicate the conditions for choosing spellings.
It is carried out with commenting in writing.
Cognitive UUD
1 . Analyze, compare, group, draw conclusions.
2. Possess the skills of selecting and systematizing the material.
3. Convert information from one form to another (text (rule) into an algorithm).
Communicative UUD
1. Express and justify your point of view.
2. Listen and hear others, be ready to correct your point of view.
VII. Summary of the lesson.
– Read a couple of words. Determine in which pair the given pattern does not work. Explain why.
dyed - dyed
washed - washed
tossed - tossed
ironed - ironed
The teacher assigns grades for specific types of work to individual students based on their self-assessment.
Regulatory UUD
1. Correlate the goals and results of their activities.
2. Develop evaluation criteria and determine the degree of success of the work.
TOUU
VIII. Homework.
1. Reproduce the rule based on the schema.
2. Ex. 627.
From the lesson "Н and НН in suffixes of passive participles and verbal adjectives" you will learn new rules of the Russian language for you. To write a word correctly, you will need to answer a series of questions. The answer to each of them will help you quickly decide how to write the suffixes of passive participles and verbal adjectives correctly.
To remember this rule, consider the following verse:
I write in nominal HH
I'm on junction of two morphemes
Or in suffixes - he N-/-enn-,
And also in the words of the window,
Each of us knows:
Wood, tin and of course glass.
AT -in-, -en-, -yang-
Only one H write -
And no problem.
1. See if the word has a suffix -ova- or - Eve-.
If such a suffix there is write nn
ballnn th
risknn th
Note. In words chewed, forged-yova- and -ova- are part of the root.
If such a suffix No see next paragraph
2. See if there is a word console (Besides prefixes not- and semi-).
If the prefix there is write nn
chewing nn th
kova nn th
The prefix itself not- does not affect the spelling of one or two letters H in suffixes, but there may be another prefix in the word. For example, in the word not about chewed there are two attachments not- and pro-), so in this case two letters are written in the suffix H .
If prefixes No see next paragraph
3. See if the word has dependent words, that is, those words to which you can ask questions, for example:
If dependent words there is write nn
If dependent words No check if the word is included in the lists of exception words, in which one or two are always written H
Always write two letters H in words:
Always write one letter H in words:
writing n oh beauty
conche n th man
easier n oh sunday
If points 1-3 of the algorithm gave a negative answer, and your word was not in the lists of exclusion words, you need to proceed to a deeper check.
4. Look at what verb the word is formed from.
imperfect form write one letter n
scrap n th line(from imperfective verb break)
ironed trousers (iron)
If it is formed from a verb perfect look write nn
purchased toys(from perfective verb buy)
Word wounded (wounded) can be written with one or two letters H . If it is an adjective, then it is written with one n , and if participle, then it is written with two. Therefore, it is necessary to look at the meaning of the word.
Adjective wounded stands for permanent sign of quality, and participle wounded stands for temporary sign. For example:
Wounded soldiers were talking and joking.
In this case wounded- this is an adjective, denotes a constant feature, the quality of a noun soldiers.
Being wounded, the soldier remained in the ranks for another half an hour.
In this case wounded- this is a participle, denotes a temporary sign.
Note:
In combinations like ironed - ironed, worn - worn write one letter n because these words are considered adjectives.
In compound words formed from verbal adjectives and participles, the same number of letters is written n , how many in the original words:
fresh-frozen n th and fresh-frozen nn th
In nouns and adverbs formed from participles and verbal adjectives, the same number of letters is also written n, how many in the original words:
brought up nn ik
elect nn ik
slower nn about
ice cold n oh
smoked n awn
In short participles, one letter is always written H. In short adjectives formed from verbs, two letters H. For example:
Children brought up n s father.
In this case brought up- This is a short introduction.
Children brought up nn s and education nn s.
In this case brought up and educated- verbal adjectives in short form.
How to distinguish between a short participle in front of us or a short adjective? It is necessary to recall the morphological features of these two parts of speech. The participle expresses a sign as the result of an action. The short form of the participle can be replaced by a verb combination. For example:
The children are raised by their father. - The children were raised by their father.
A short adjective can only be replaced by a full one. It denotes the quality of an item:
Children are raised and educated. (And also smart, beautiful, talented)
We have short adjectives.
pavementnn th road- in the word paved have a suffix -ova-, so it is written nn;
glass nn veranda- in the word glazed there is a prefix per-, so it is written nn;
more beautiful n bench- word painted derived from the verb paint, this is an imperfective verb, so we write one letter n;
more beautiful nn mistress- in the word without makeup there is a prefix not-, but after this prefix there is still a prefix on the-, so we write two letters n;
bench painted yesterday- at the word painted there is a dependent word ( yesterday), so we write nn.
Bibliography
- Ra-z-umov-skaya M.M., Lvo-va S.I. etc. “Russian language. 7th grade". Textbook. - 13th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2009.
- Ba-ra-no-va M.T., La-dy-female T.A. etc. “Russian language. 7th grade". Textbook. - 34th ed. - M .: Pro-sve-shche-nie, 2012.
- "Russian language. Practice. 7th grade". / Ed. Pime-no-voi S.N. - 19th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2012.
- Lvo-va S.I., Lvov V.V. "Russian language. 7th grade. At 3 o'clock." 8th ed. - M.: Me-mo-zi-na, 2012.
- School-assistant.ru ().
- Google.com.ua ().
- Gramma.ru ().
- Youtube.com().
Homework
1. Paste n or nn:
Chopped vegetables, impromptu performance, uninvited guest, dyed hair, missed chance, hand crushed grapes
2. Paste n or nn:
The grasses sown in the fallow field sprouted well. The harvesting of the sowing grasses has begun. The table for the invited guests was covered with a knitted tablecloth. There were few guests for the evening, only close friends came. The city was landscaped with asphalt and cobblestone roads. It was difficult to drive along the weak road.
3. Paste n or nn:
The dress is made from plain dyed fabric. Delivered fresh frozen meat. Among the museum treasures was a precious golden box.
4. Paste n or nn:
All the attention of the audience is focused on the development of the action of the play. The student's face is serious and concentrated_o. The aspirations of our youth are exalted. Many ordinary people were elevated by Peter 1. The area is limited by mountains. Gogol's Korobochka was very limited. The sea is agitated by a strong wind. The young man's face is excited.
Read. What participles most often turn into adjectives? Is there a difference in spelling n in short passive participles and short adjectives formed by turning participles into adjectives?
Participles can turn into adjectives.
In a sentence The audience admired the restrained, soft movements of the actress word restrained used in the meaning of "calm, unsharp, soft." The word, having acquired the meaning of a constant sign of quality, has become a quality adjective. From it, degrees of comparison are now formed: discreet - more discreet, more discreet, most discreet.
Applying this rule, reason like this: essay wrote (n, nn) o: wrote (n, nn) o- a short participle, so you need to write in the suffix one letter n: written; children of scattering (n, n)s: word scattered lost the value of time and acquired the value of a permanent feature: distracted, inattentive.
scattered- full adjective; short adjective formed from full with two n, also spelled with two n: cr. adj.: scattering nn s.
141. Form and write short passive past participles in the plural. Make two sentences with homogeneous members, use participles in them in short form.
Cut off, give, lose, see, consider, find.
142. Write off. Identify the suffixes of the participles. Underline the passive participles as part of the sentence.
1. Vera's hair is gla..ko hairstyle (n, n)s. 2. Gla..ko hairstyle (n, nn) th hair pr..gives Vera's face severity. 3. Let me remember the face of my uncles .. with eternally frowning (n, n) eyebrows. 4. Uncle's eyebrows are most often frowning (n, n)s. 5. It is interesting to talk .. with the guys who are passionate about their work. 6. My sister is always passionate about some new idea. 7. Clouds scattering (n, nn) by the wind. 8. People are excited about the activity of the sun. 9. The sea is excited (n, n) o.
143. From these verbs, form and write down full and short passive participles of the past tense. Indicate the conditions for choosing the studied spelling (see the sample in the box).
Express, sub..pour, deliver, os..wait, stop..delete, spoil, correct, acquire, appropriate, pro..ply, allow, save..tit, lose, protect..mit, save..thread , save.
144. When copying, insert missing commas and replace infinitive verbs with full or short passive participles. Orally explain the use n and nn in suffixes.
There are quite a few guys who find it possible to run out of the house in a (crumple) cap .. or a hat .. with (ra.. let) dangling .. ears. They always (break off) the strap, they (miss) enough buttons, they haven’t (cleaned) their shoes from the very day they were bought. They also meet (?) those who think that it is impossible to litter only in rooms, but on buses and tro (l, ll) buses, on the streets (without) thinking they throw (crumple) an ice cream wrapper peel from (clear) orange cores (eat) apples.
(A. Dorokhov)
145. Based on the text of the previous exercise, think over and write down a speech in a journalistic style: use appeals, explain how to behave in public places, call the guys to order. Speak the prepared text.
146. Analyze the words. Write off, distributing them by type of spelling in place of brackets. Specify selection conditions n or nn. Make two complex sentences using the words you have written and underline them as part of the sentence.
Unchanging (n, nn) th, wished (n, nn) a, drawing (n, nn) s, spatter (n, nn) th, perfect (n, nn) a, adamantly (n, nn) a, kinship ( n, nn) s, pouring (n, nn) th, grown (n, nn) a, smoother (n, nn) a, blur (n, nn) s, sandy (n, nn) th, exhausted (n, nn) th (look), exhausted (n, nn) th (dear traveler), baked (n, nn) th (potatoes), baked (n, nn) th (pie), fuel (n, nn) th (milk ), heat (n, nn) th (oven), exhausted (n, nn) s, finished (n, nn) a.
147. Below is the work plan of the school tourist circle. Write it down, replacing the underlined verbs with short passive participles. You will get a report of the guys on the preparation for the campaign.
- Compose m.
- Verify serviceability of tourist equipment.
- Get parental consent to participate.
- Verify everyone has the ability to put up a tent and kindle a fire.
148. Replace adjectives formed from verbs with single-root participles. Make sentences with any of the same-root adjectives and participles.
Knitted jacket, wicker basket, paved street, loaded barge, dyed linen, frozen meat, sawn sugar, boiled milk, pickled apples.
149. Read the text. Write down, verbally explain the spelling n and nn in suffixes; insert missing commas. Name the participles, their types.
My mother's relatives lived in the village. I visited them for holidays. Grandmother kept a cow. From the barn, which was connected (n, nn) with the house, it was heard how the cow sighed, rubbed the hay, breathed.
The house itself was old but very durable (n, nn), although it was cut (n, nn) fifty years ago. The stove was always heated in the house, and in it a jar of fuel (n, nn) th milk was baked (n, nn) th to a brown crust. On the table with a baked slide - pies. What a taste (n, nn) s, appetite (n, nn) s, blush (n, nn) s! My grandmother in a stern voice reprimanded me that I was skinny, not fed (n, nn), not clean (n, nn), I looked sick (n, nn), but such love was guessed behind the deliberate grumbling that I ate these pies twice more than just to please her.
(A. Lykov)
150. Of course, you have photos of relatives, friends, acquaintances at home. Choose the photo of the person you like. Who is it? How long have you had this photo? What does the face of this person, his posture, clothes tell you? Compose a text - a caption for the photo. Use synonyms if necessary (see box). Underline the participles in your essay if you have used them.
introduce
imagine
see
151. Selective presentation. Read an excerpt from M. Sholokhov's story "The Fate of Man". Choose material for one of the topics: "Portrait of a boy and a man", "Father", "Son". Title your presentation. Underline the sacraments in your presentation.
I saw a man come out from behind the outer yards of the farm. He was leading by the hand a little boy, judging by his height - no more than five or six years old. They wearily wandered towards the crossing, but, having caught up with the car, they turned towards me. A tall, round-shouldered man, coming close, said in a muffled bass:
Hello, brother!
Hello. - I shook the large, callous hand extended to me. The man leaned towards the boy and said:
Say hello to your uncle, son. He, you see, is the same driver as your dad.
Looking straight into my eyes with sky-light eyes, smiling a little, the boy boldly held out his cold pink hand to me. I shook her gently and asked:
What is it with you, old man, your hand is so cold? It's warm outside, and you're freezing?
With a touching childish gullibility, the boy clung to my knees, raised his whitish eyebrows in surprise.
What kind of old man am I, uncle? I’m a boy at all, and I don’t freeze at all, and my hands are cold - I rolled snowballs because.
Taking off his skinny duffel bag from his back, and wearily sitting down next to me, my father said:
Trouble with this passenger!
We were silent for a long time. He put his big dark hands on his knees, hunched over. I looked at him from the side, and I felt something uneasy ...
Have you ever seen eyes, as if sprinkled with ashes, filled with such inescapable mortal longing that it is difficult to look into them? These were the eyes of my random interlocutor.
Stealthily examining the father and son, I noted with surprise to myself one, strange, in my opinion, circumstance. The boy was dressed simply, but soundly, and the way a long-brimmed jacket, lined with light fur, sat on him, and the fact that tiny boots were sewn with the expectation of putting them on a woolen sock, and a very skillful seam on the once torn sleeve of the jacket - all betrayed feminine care, skillful maternal hands.
But my father looked different: the quilted jacket, burned in several places, was carelessly and roughly darned, the patch on worn protective trousers was not sewn on properly, but rather baited with wide, masculine stitches.
The spelling of participles includes several types of rules:
1) spelling of participle endings;
2) spelling of vowels in participle suffixes;
3) spelling nn and n in participles (and in verbal adjectives).
Since the spelling of nn and n in verbal adjectives is similar to the spelling of nn and n in participles, these rules are considered in one paragraph. For the same reason, this paragraph also discusses the rules for spelling nn and n in nouns and adverbs formed from participles and verbal adjectives.
1. Spelling of participle endings:
Participles have the same endings as adjectives. Therefore, the spelling of vowels in the endings of participles, like that of adjectives, is checked by questions.
Wed: in[which ?] raging sea; in[what?] raging sea; With[what?] raging sea.
2. Spelling of vowels in participle suffixes:
a) present time depends on the conjugation of the verb from which this participle is formed:
in real participles present tense: -usch-(-yusch-) - I conjugation; -ashch-(-box-) - II conjugation. These vowels coincide with the vowels of personal endings of single-root verbs in the form of the 3rd person plural;
Wed: decide t(I question) - decisive; building t(II question) - building.
Note!
In the word future(by origin - participle) the suffix -yush- is added to the stem bud-, therefore, before the suffix, you should not write an extra vowel u (!).
in passive participles present tense: -om-(-em-) - I conjugation; -im- - II conjugation. These vowels coincide with the vowels of the personal endings of single-root verbs in the form of the 3rd person singular.
Wed: solve t(I question) - solved; build t(II question) - build.
b) spelling of vowels in participles past tense does not depend on the conjugation, but on the final vowel stem of the infinitive (past tense) of the verb from which this participle is formed:
- in real participles;
vowels a, i, e, if the stem of the verb ends in a, i, e;
Hanging - hung; sow - sown, see - seen.
vowels e, e, if the stem of the verb ends in and (the verbal suffix -i- is truncated) or in a consonant.
Wed: hang up - hanged; build - built, sweep - swept, shoot - shot.
Glue - glued, melted - melted.
in passive participles before the suffix -nn- (-n-) are written:
3. Spelling n and nn in full participles and full verbal adjectives:
a) H is written in full participles and verbal adjectives:
- in phraseological units:;
if they do not have prefixes, dependent words, a combination of suffixes -ovann-, -evann- and if they are formed from an imperfective verb;
Paint[what to do?] - painted floor; mow[what to do?] - mowed meadow, write[what to do?] - painted portrait.
in a substantiated verbal adjective: dowry (of the bride).
b) NN is written in full participles and verbal adjectives:
- if there is a prefix (other than non-).
To mow - from a mowed meadow, to write - a painted portrait.
The prefix non- does not affect the spelling of n and nn;
Wed: not mowed meadow - not mowed clover; unpainted floor - unpainted floor.
- if there is a dependent word;
Cohen[when?] last Friday meadow; painted[when?] last Friday floor; written[how?] oil paints portrait.
if the participle and the verbal adjective are formed from a perfective verb (regardless of whether there are prefixes and dependent words);
Wed: decide[what to do?] - solved problem; quit[what to do?] - abandoned mine.
if participles and verbal adjectives end in -ovanny, -ovanny, and -ova-, -eva- are part of the verbal suffix.
Wed: pamper - spoiled, arrest - arrested, uproot - uprooted.
Exceptions: forged, chewed(-ov- is part of the root: kov-, chew-);
in exceptions(in some non-prefixed verbal adjectives or adjectives with the prefix non-): given, done, slow, sacred, desired, cutesy, conceited, chased, pecked, desperate, cursed, unseen, unheard, unintentional, unexpected, unexpected, awake.
Note!
1) When forming a participle (verbal adjective) from a two-species verb, wound without a prefix and a dependent word, as a general rule, one letter n is written; in the presence of a prefix or dependent word - nn.
Wed: wounded soldier - a wounded soldier, a soldier wounded in the hand.
2) In compound words, where the second part is a verbal adjective, general rules apply. The presence of the first root does not matter: if there is no prefix before the second root, then one letter is written n, if there is a prefix before the second root, then it is written nn.
Wed: freeze - freshly frozen fish; freeze - freshly frozen fish.
3) The words forged and chewed obey the general spelling rules n and nn: without a prefix, a dependent word is written one n, with a prefix or dependent words - nn.
Wed: forged chest, shod horse, forged on all four legs horse.
4) Do not confuse the main participle (verbal adjective) word and the participle dependent (adjective) words! The main part for the participle (adjective) is the word from which the question is asked to this participle: horse[which?] forged; horse[which?] savvy. The presence or absence of the main word does not affect the spelling of n and nn! For a dependent word, the participle is already the main one, and it is from the participle that the question is asked: horse, shod[by whom?] a blacksmith. The presence or absence of a word dependent on the participle affects the spelling of n and nn!
5) One letter n is written in combinations planted father, named brother only if they are phraseological units. Outside of such combinations, participles with prefixes planted, named are written with two letters n.
Wed: It was planted by my father at my wedding. - The father, seated to the left of the groom, was gloomy; You will be called my brother. - Sergei, named after his grandfather, was proud of this.
6) Spelling n and nn in participles and verbal adjectives, unlike adjectives formed from nouns, does not depend on the vowel before n, compare:
adjectives formed from nouns: silver - solemn;
verbal adjectives and participles: written - written, wounded - wounded.
7) For memorization words in which one letter is written n, you can use the following sentence:
On a windy day at Shrovetide in a cozy living room, the planted father introduced the named brother to a smart girl, a hard worker, a hand-written beauty with a large dowry.
4. Spelling n and nn in short participles and adjectives:
a) in brief participles one letter n is always written;
Wed: tied knot - knot tied; styled hair - hair is styled.
b) in brief adjectives as many letters n are written as in full forms.
Wed: valuable thing - a valuable thing; green crops - crops are green.
Note!
In order to distinguish between a short participle and an adjective, the following must be considered:
1) If the short form is not formed from a verb, then it is certainly a short adjective (and it will be written as much as in the full form):
sultry - sultry; worthy - worthy; valuable is valuable.
2) The short verbal form can be either a short participle or a short adjective.
a) The short verb form will be communion(and one letter n will be written in it) if:
- this form carries the dependent word in the instrumental case:
the house was built by workers; the tour is organized by a well-known company; the child is spoiled by the parents;
- this form has a dependent infinitive, a dependent circumstance (except for the circumstance of measure and degree):
she intends to go to university; she was brought up[where?] in a monastery;
- a combination with a participle can be paraphrased using a verb.
Wed: the child is frightened - the child was frightened; she was brought up in a monastery - she was brought up in a monastery;
b) short verbal form would be adjective(and it will contain as many letters n as in the full form), if it has a qualitative meaning, it gives a constant (qualitative) characteristic of a person or an inanimate object.
Wed: children are naughty and spoiled(this is their constant quality); the girl is modest and educated (this is her constant quality).
5. Spelling n and nn in nouns and adverbs in -o, formed from participles and verbal adjectives:
a) in nouns and adverbs in -o, formed from participles and verbal adjectives, as many letters are written n as they are written in full participles and verbal adjectives, cf .:
ONE letter H: confused th → confused ik, confused about; boiled y → boiled ik; smoked → smoked osti; ice-cold → ice-cold; martyr y → martyr ik; scientist y → student ik, student itza;
TWO letters H: given → given; dowry → dowryless; chosen → chosen one, chosen one; recessed → recessed ik; sacred → sacred ik; made → made;
b) should remember noun spelling: hard worker, dowry oe - dowryless, put ik.
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H / HH in participles and verbal adjectives
Spelling Н or НН in passive participles is one of those rules that regularly make mistakes in dictations, essays and tests.
First of all, remember the rule: In the suffixes of full passive participles, two letters H are written, for example, CUT TREES. In the suffixes of short passive participles, one letter H is written, for example, TREES HAVE BEEN CUT.
But since full passive participles are sometimes very similar to adjectives, to avoid mistakes, it is useful to remember four conditions under which two letters H are written:
1) the sacrament has a prefix (except NOT-), for example, DRIED MUSHROOMS;
2) the participle was formed from the verb of the perfect form, for example, SOLVED PROBLEM - from the verb DECIDE (what to do? - perfect form);
3) the participle has dependent words, for example, DRIED (where?) MUSHROOMS IN THE OVEN;
4) The participle is formed from the verb using the suffixes -OVA- or -EVA-, for example, EXCITED PERSON.
If a word does not have any of these features, then it is spelled with one N.
In addition, there are several words with two letters of H, the spelling of which must be learned in the same way as we memorize exception words: UNSEEN, UNHEARD, UNEXPECTED, UNGUESSED, UNINTENDED, DESIRED, PRECIOUS, SACRED, SMOOTH.
(1) How many N should be written in the participle from the phrase LAUNCHING GARDEN? First of all, you need to see if the sacrament has a prefix. In our case, there is a prefix, which means that it is necessary to write this word with two N: NEGLECTED GARDEN.
(2) How many N should be written in the participle from the phrase BROKEN LOOK? First of all, we look to see if the sacrament has a prefix. In our example, the participle does not have a prefix, therefore, the next step is to determine the type of verb from which this participle was formed. BROOCHE_NY was formed from the verb TO THROW (what to do?) This verb is perfective, which means that in the participle you need to write two letters H: LOOKING OUT.
(3) How many N should be written in the participle from the phrase OVEN Roast FISH? The participle in this phrase has dependent words: HEAT (where?) IN THE OVEN. Therefore, in the sacrament it is necessary to write two letters H: FISH ROASTED IN THE OVEN.
(4) How many H should be written in the participle from the phrase ASPHALTED HIGHWAY? Since this participle has the suffix -OVA-, two letters H must be written in it: ASPHALTED HIGHWAY.
(5) How many N should be written in the word WEAVING from the phrase WEAVING BASKET? Since it has no prefix, no dependent words, no suffixes -OVA- or -EVA-, and also because it was formed from the verb of the imperfect form WEAVING (what to do?), You need to write one letter H: WITTED BASKET.
“How can I not love him? - she said to herself, delving into his fright and at the same time delighted look.
Levin immediately thought of this, but, in spite of this, he decided that Sviazhsky's views of him were only his baseless assumption ...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
Well, the guest is uninvited,
Perhaps the father will come in!
I ask you to serve the young lady in love _n oh!
Scarlet ribbons were woven into her
In two blond braids,
Flowers, outfits brought
Unseen _n oh beauty.
Who wants to welcome us, if you please;
The door is open for the stars and the unseen...
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
Parsley, you are always with a new thing,
With a torn elbow.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
... There were requests from a hostile ministry for information about the measures that have been applied in the last decade ...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
And that consumptive, relative to you, enemy of books,
In the academic committee that settled ...
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
And then she thinks -
God knows why
That the starry sky is sand
Sprinkle _n leaf,
Constantly day and night on the road
Surprisingly sweet cart...
(N. A. Nekrasov, "Russian Women")
Levin always came to Moscow excited, hurried, a little embarrassed, and irritated by this embarrassment, and for the most part with a completely new, unexpected outlook on things.
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
No, in this felled forest
I won't be lured
Where there were oaks to heaven
And now the stumps are sticking out!
(Nekrasov, "Russian Women")
He drove to the fortress ballet on many wagons
From mothers, fathers rejected _n th children?!
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
Stepan Arkadyevitch had already gone downstairs, undressed, washed again, put on a frilled nightgown and lay down ... (Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
You will come to Nerchinsk if you
The road won't kill you.
Hardly four miles an hour
Zakova is coming.
(N. A. Nekrasov, "Russian Women")
With a face mutilated with passion, pale and with a trembling lower jaw, Vronsky hit her in the stomach with his heel and again began pulling on the reins...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
Darya Alexandrovna's eyes widened at this elegant, unseen carriage...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
Finally married his daughter
I took it - shish, in the service - nothing.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
She remembered how she had almost told the confession that her husband's young subordinate had made to her in Petersburg...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
Towards dinner they arrived: an old cousin of Alexei Alexandrovich ... ... and one young man, recommended to Alexei Alexandrovich for the service.
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
To the pen from the cards? and to the cards from the pen?
And the _nd hour of the ebb and flow?
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
I'm running, I won't look back, I'll go looking around the world,
Where insulted _n omu there is a corner for feeling.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
Stepan Arkadyevitch ... in this playful courtship ... and accidentally went so far that he no longer knew how to get back ...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
What is the politest name for such people?
Tenderer? - he is a man of the world,
Notorious _n th swindler, rogue:
Anton Antonych Zagoretsky.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
For the fact that he softened the anger of _n th guest,
I wanted to compliment.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")
You sit for an hour
Do not oppress _n th, peppy mind
Works meanwhile.
(N. A. Nekrasov, "Russian Women")
Н and НН in adjectives and participles
Features of spelling Н and НН in adjectives and participles
In Russian, the spelling of Н and НН in adjectives and participles depends on the method of formation of a particular adjective and its grammatical features.
Examples of Н and НН in verbal adjectives and participles: forged product, painted portrait, cleaned room, problem solved.
Н and НН in adjectives formed from nouns
In adjectives formed from nouns HH written in cases:
One letter H it is written:
In short adjectives, spelling H and HH similar to spelling in full adjectives (young - young, green - green, long - long).
Н and НН in participles and verbal adjectives
Writing H and HH in suffixes of adjectives and participles, depends on the verbs from which they are formed, as well as the presence or absence of prefixes in the word.
HH is spelled:
H is spelled:
- If a verbal adjective is formed from an imperfective verb without a prefix using suffixes -en-, -n- and has no dependent words (ice cream, melted, wicker). Exceptions – done, desired, active and etc.
- In some participles formed from imperfective verbs (heard, written, seen, drawn, seen).
In short participles, one is always written H (territory cleared, house completed, hay mowed).
Rules for writing the letter n in participles
Spelling -Н- and -НН- in participles
It is written -N-:
In short passive participles
Letter (what?) written
Pictures (what?) hung out
It is written -НН-:
In full passive participles formed from perfective verbs
purchased notebook
(from perfective verb buy)
In full passive past participles
abandoned stone
In a sacrament that has dependent words with it (i.e. in participle turnover)
dyed(with what?) oil paint door;
boiled(where?) Potatoes in a pot
With prefix (except non-)
In participles on -ovanny (-evanny)
marinated in vinegar
pecked bird
In participles expressing a temporary state
He, wounded waiting for help
1) With all the many cases when NN is written in the full passive participle, they are all united by one circumstance: in all cases these are past participles. Therefore, it turns out that the past tense is a sufficient condition for writing NN in full participles. Moreover, we can say this: full passive participles are always written with two H. If there is one letter H in the word, then this is not a participle, but a verbal adjective (for example, baked potatoes, fused cheese).
2) Do not forget that participles can turn into adjectives - and in this case one letter H is written in the word. Therefore, it is important not to confuse participles and adjectives.
called brother - called brother
(participle transition named into an adjective named);
planted father - planted in the yard
(participle transition planted into an adjective planted).
raal100.narod.ru
Spelling n and nn in participles
1. In the full forms of the passive participles of the past tense, formed from the perfect form (both prefixed and non-prefixed), it is written nn, for example: bought, corrected, named, paired, cut, solved, dried, abandoned, captive, given, forced, punished, worked out, built in, etc.
Exceptions: with one n verbal adjectives (formed from the perfect form) are written that have completely lost touch with participles, which are part of stable combinations, for example: finished man, forgiven Sunday, named brother, planted father.
Note 1. The above passive participles can also be used as an adjective, but this does not affect their spelling, for example: a seasoned person (with restraint), this case (this particular one), an interested conversation (of interest), an exhausted old man (very tired).
2. In verbal adjectives formed from non-prefixed imperfective verbs, one is written n, for example: straightened, dried, fried, boiled, soaked, boiled, ironed, forged, mowed, sheared, washed, broken, cobbled, wicker, laden, melted, frozen, and also wounded (although it is formed from the two-species verb to hurt). With one n the adjective clever is written.
Exceptions: With two n verbal adjectives are written, formed from non-prefixed imperfective verbs: seen, seen, done, desired, heard, read, unexpected, unexpected.
Note 1. The above verbal adjectives, in the presence of dependent words, go into the category of participles and are written with two n, for example: cobbled streets, wagons loaded with timber, a fighter wounded in the leg, a boy cut by a hairdresser.
Note 2. With two n verbal adjectives are written, formed from unprefixed imperfective verbs with suffixes -ovan (-yovan), for example: spoiled, risky, uprooted, lined. In verbal adjectives forged, chewed combinations ov (s) are part of the root, not the suffix.
3. The presence of a particle does not affect the spelling of passive participles and verbal adjectives not-, for example: unresolved problems, disinterested persons, uncharted territory; untrodden paths, unpainted wall, uninvited guest, unmowed meadow.
4. Distinguishing between passive participles and adjectives formed from them (thereby clarifying the issue of writing nn–n) is sometimes produced not on a formal basis, but on a semantic one. For example, in the sentence Being wounded, the soldier remained in the ranks, the word wounded is a participle and is written with two n, despite the absence of a prefix and explanatory words with it: it retains the verbal meaning.
Note 1. In the combinations ironed-over-ironed trousers, patched-patched fur coat, worn-worn suit, washed-washed linen, read-reread book, darned-darned stockings, etc., both words should be written with one n. In addition, the second part of complex formations, despite the fact that it is formed from perfective verbs, obeys the word as a whole, which has the meaning of an adjective.
Note 2. The spelling of verbal adjectives also does not change in compound words, for example: one-colored, whole-cut, homespun, gold-forged, little-used, little-worn, little-worn, little-salted, finely crushed, freshly slaked, fresh-frozen, etc. (compare with similar adjectives in which the second part of the compound word formed from the prefixed verb: smooth-colored, lightly trodden, fresh-frozen, etc.).
5. In nouns formed from passive participles and verbal adjectives, two n or one n according to the generating basis, for example:
1) dowry, pupil, tributary, chosen one, priest, protege, drowned man;
2) dumplings, smoked meats, ice cream, martyr, worker, student.
6. In adverbs formed from verbal adjectives, so many n, how many adjectives are in full forms, for example: to smile artificially, to appear unexpectedly, to explain confusedly.
7. In short forms of passive participles, unlike full participles, one is always written n, in short forms of verbal adjectives, so many are written n how many in full forms. Wed:
The democratic public is agitated (participle: agitated) by reports of inter-ethnic clashes. – The performance of the actor was heartfelt and excited (adjective: full of excitement).
Many of them were brought near to the court and exalted (participle: they were exalted). – Their ideals and aspirations were lofty (adjective: noble and deep).
Their children are brought up (participle: they were brought up) in the spirit of progressive ideas. – The manners of this girl indicate that she is tactful and well-mannered (adjective: able to behave well).
Sometimes simple questions are artificially confused (participle: they were confused). – The plots of these works are complex and intricate (adjective: difficult to understand).
You are always lucky, you seem to be spoiled (participle: you have been spoiled) by fate. - With improper upbringing, children are usually capricious and spoiled (adjective: spoiled by pampering, capricious, pampered).
These conclusions are substantiated (participle: they were substantiated) by the very logic of the study. – The demands made on us are arbitrary and unreasonable (adjective: unconvincing).
The scope of work was limited (participle: they were limited) by the allocated funds. – Its capabilities are limited (adjective: small).
The doctors were preoccupied (participle: they were preoccupied) with the condition of the patient. – The storm was getting stronger and the faces of the sailors were serious and preoccupied (adjective: restless).
The court did not see corpus delicti in this case, and the accused were acquitted (participle: they were acquitted). – Extraordinary measures under these conditions were necessary and fully justified (adjective: having an explanation).
All options for further play by the chess player are thoroughly thought out (participle: he thought them out). – The answers of the examiners were meaningful and thoughtful (adjective: reasonable, justified).
Note 1. Some verbal adjectives in compound words are written in full form with two n, and in short - with one n, for example: generally recognized superiority - superiority is generally recognized, fresh frozen berries - fresh frozen berries.
Note 2. In some verbal adjectives, double spelling is allowed in a short form, depending on the meaning and construction: in the presence of dependent words, one is written n, in the absence - two n, for example: Sister intends to leave soon. - His insolence is intentional. We are devoted to the Motherland. - Old friends are always loyal. Our athletes are sure of victory. - The movements of the gymnasts are light and confident. She is not interested in the success of this endeavor. - Faces of listeners are interested.
H and HH in participles
Passive past participles are formed using suffixes
-nn-/-enn-, therefore, when writing, they are often confused with verbal adjectives, making characteristic mistakes. For the correct use of n and nn in participles, you must remember:
Table Spelling features n and nn in participles
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