Patriotism is a clear, clear, well-reasoned
an explanation of why we must live worse than others.
Mikhail Zhvanetsky

Should a person be a patriot of his country? Undoubtedly yes. But if we formulate the question a little differently: “Should a citizen be a patriot of his state?”, then everything is not so simple. After all, the concepts of country, fatherland, homeland on the one hand and the state on the other are not identically equal. The former are associated with the place of residence, the circle of relatives and friends for whom a person is responsible. The second is rather power, rulers whom we either choose or they force to obey. One can sincerely love the country and fight against the state. There is no contradiction here. This means that a person who loves his country, works for its good, but opposes the state and the actions of the authorities, can be called a patriot. Then the question arises by itself: Is it really necessary for us, the people, the state?

You can be a statesman when the state takes care of its citizens. But if a citizen is forced to pay for education and medical care, to accumulate a pension from his own funds, to pay for housing and utilities in full at the market price, then why do I need such a state?! Why on earth should I still pay taxes and maintain an insane army of officials?
 Zhores Alferov, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nobel laureate in physics.

If we recall our recent past, we can find many examples when the state destroyed its own citizens, sacrificing them to the political interests of the supreme power. One of the most indicative in this regard is the period of the reign of Joseph Stalin, when, for the sake of the industrialization of the country, the last juices were squeezed out of the people. In order to survive, people were encouraged to work, work harder, and work even harder. In exchange for hard labor, the authorities gave the right to be proud of the power of their state. But the question arises: Do people need a strong state, and at what price are they willing to pay for it?
And here we again approached the cornerstone of reflections on the structure of society: the State for the people, or the people for the state? And although any sane person will choose the first option, in practice, almost always and everywhere, just the second one works.
A reasonable question arises about the need for the existence of the state as such. Is it really necessary to delegate to someone the rights to organize one's own life? I must say that the government understands the possibility of such issues and is trying in every possible way to prove the necessity of its existence in the form of a state, and not just a state, but a strong one, with a developed system of punitive and law enforcement agencies in the form of an army and the so-called law enforcement forces.
What is the easiest way to explain to the people about the need for the existence of a totalitarian state?

The state educates citizens in civic virtues, it gives them the consciousness of its mission and encourages them to unity, harmonizes interests on the principle of justice; ensures the continuity of the conquests of thought in the field of knowledge, art, law, humane solidarity; elevates people from elementary, primitive life to the heights of human power.
 Benito Mussolini, head of Italy in 1922 - 1943.

The main trump card of all power regimes is “Enemies are all around, and only a strong state will be able to protect its citizens and ensure their safety.” Partly it is. Human nature is so imperfect that having lived on this planet for many thousands of years, man has never learned to coexist in peace with his neighbors. Until now, the souls of people are eaten by envy and greed, the desire to get someone else's quickly, without making efforts to create the same benefits yourself. And this is the cause of many of our troubles.
But speaking about the enemy environment, the authorities are often, to put it mildly, cunning. After all, the absence of enemies is not beneficial to them. Therefore, for their own well-being, these same enemies are constantly created artificially. Ethnic and religious strife is kindled, propaganda is turned on to its fullest, setting its citizens against strangers. And lies. A boundless monstrous lie about what is happening, designed to fool people, put the necessary thoughts into their heads and keep the reins of power from those in power.

Life on the national idea will inevitably lead first to restrictions, then there is intolerance to another race, to another people, to another religion. Intolerance will inevitably lead to terror. It is impossible to seek the return of any single ideology again, because a single ideology will sooner or later lead to fascism.
 Dmitry Likhachev, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

We will not now say that this state is good, and that bad. The structure of power is almost the same in all countries where the people do not have a real opportunity to elect power and control it. In most cases, local elites everywhere decide where society should go, how to develop and how to manage their citizens. This applies to Russia, the United States, and the countries of Asia and Europe. Of course, there are exceptions. First of all, these are the small states of the north of Europe, where, due to compact living, people have learned to create and control local governments. But this is rare. And the possibility of applying this in large states is a big question.
We simply suggest thinking: Isn't it time to change the very concept of power? To deprive state bodies of prohibitive permissive and prohibitive powers, leaving only the functions of regulating relations between citizens. To make it obligatory to regularly change leadership, be it local or supreme authorities.
And then, as a matter of course, the understanding will come that a patriot is not one who is ready to tear any stranger or dissenter for his state (that is, power). And the one who simply loves his homeland and respects the love of the inhabitants of other states for their country, not considering himself better than them, not placing himself higher and not imposing his point of view on others.

I don't like many things in this country because I am a true patriot.
Those who like everything in this country are probably German spies.
, leader of the Leningrad group.

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On the topic: “I am a patriot of my country” makes you think and reflect on who is a true patriot of your country and what it means to be a patriot of your country. For example, our great-grandfathers, grandfathers, all those who defended the honor of the Motherland, who fought for freedom, giving their lives for our bright future, can be called real patriots without a twinge of conscience. They, regardless of age, went to the battlefield, because it was important for them to remain independent, they wanted a happy life for the country in which they were born and raised. Here it was clear who a patriot is and how to become one.

What does it mean to be a patriot of one's country?

But patriots, regardless of what time they live, in wartime or peacetime, are those people who not only love the Motherland, the Fatherland in their thoughts, but the one who tries to do everything possible so that the country prospers, so that the country and its inhabitants had a future. A patriot is one who spares no effort, and sometimes life, for the country to be independent. This is the one who is always ready to defend the country's borders, if necessary. A patriot is someone who is interested in the history of the country in which he lives, knows traditions, culture, and his native language. These are people who know their roots, who honor the memory of those who gave their lives for our happiness. These people really deserve to be called patriots.

Yes, we do not choose our Motherland, but since childhood we have become attached to it with our soul and body, we love the city in which our life began, we are drawn to home, to our native land, to our small Motherland, and all because we love our Fatherland.

The topic: “I am a patriot of my country” is often touched upon both at school and at home, they talk about patriotism in the media, but this feeling is individual, which means that it manifests itself differently in all people. However, there is something in common, something that unites everyone - this is the desire to preserve and strengthen their country, to make it richer.

A true patriot of his country

It is not necessary to shout about your patriotism to the whole world, moreover, real patriots do not do this, they silently, not by talking, but by deeds, show their patriotism.
What can we, as schoolchildren, do for our country today? We can start small, for example, actively participate in organized community work days, we can not litter in the porches and on the streets. We can restore order in our yards, parks and squares, look after historical monuments, mass and soldier graves, we can become kinder, support each other and move towards a big common dream - the dream of making our Motherland even brighter, more beautiful, richer. Then they will say about us: "These are patriots of their country."

Introduction

"Where are the people?" asked the Little Prince politely.

“People?... They are carried by the wind. They don't have roots."

How relevant, piercingly sad, to the pain of the soul these words sound today, when in our Fatherland once again the connection of times breaks up, when the people produce “Ivans who do not remember kinship”, people who have lost their spiritual connection with their small Motherland, native land, his culture.

Today, due to the transformations that have taken place in our country, the connection between times has been broken and the scale of life values ​​has changed dramatically. What yesterday was highly valued and considered a blessing, for example, selfless service to the Fatherland, devotion to one's people, one's profession, today in the eyes of many has no value.

As you can see, the river of time has taken us far away from the shores of former patriotism. Does this mean that such a bright and noble quality of our glorious ancestors has finally disappeared from the life of the new Russia, or is it just a forced pause in the development of our country?

In modern Russia, the topic of patriotism, its role and necessity is one of the most controversial topics widely discussed in society. Many believe that the time of patriotism has irrevocably sunk into the past along with communist ideals. Others do not agree with this and do not imagine the revival and prosperity of Russia without the proper patriotic upsurge of the country's citizens. Today, we are increasingly talking about the revival of Great Russia, but without a holy sense of patriotism, this is impossible.

The current state of Russian society requires a search for internal sources of development, ways to realize its spiritual forces. As President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin emphasized, it is possible to effectively counter the serious threats looming over modern Russia only "... on the basis of the consolidation of all strata of society, at least around basic national values."

Today comes the realization of the importance of the formation of patriotic consciousness among the younger generation at the state and regional levels. This is evidenced by the state program: "Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation for 2011 - 2015."

There is a significant amount of literature on patriotism and the problems of its formation in our society. These are the works of the classics of Russian philosophical thought, and studies relating to the political and historical form of patriotism, and works that characterize the conditions for the development of the patriotic movement in modern Russia, reference literature on modern political parties, theoretical works of leaders of parties and socio-political movements.

In recent decades, interest in the problem of patriotism has increased significantly. The question of the place of patriotism in modern society has found itself at the epicenter of the struggle of the most diverse, often opposing views, opinions, beliefs, and discussions.

Thus, in recent years the problem of patriotism in our country has become increasingly relevant. The spiritual values ​​of the population, including adolescents, are deformed under the pressure of various socio-economic changes, which leads to an increase in the number of extremist youth organizations, child neglect and crime.

In connection with this problem, we conducted a sociological study: “To be a patriot. What does this mean?”, in which 128 students of our gymnasium aged 13-17 took part.

Purpose of the study:

revealing the level of formation of patriotic consciousness among students on the example of gymnasium students.

Tasks:

1. Analyze theoretical approaches to the consideration of the concept of "patriotism" in different historical periods.

2. To identify the attitude of modern schoolchildren to the problems of patriotism through a survey.

3. Determine the level of development of the patriotic consciousness of student youth.

Object of study:

high school students of MBOU "Gymnasium No. 12".

Subject of study:

the state of patriotic consciousness of student youth in modern conditions.

Research method:

Analysis of sources (literary, scientific articles, media, Internet)

Questionnaire.

1. The concept of "patriotism" in various periods of national history

1.1 The essence of the concept of "patriotism"

The term "patriotism" is derived from the Latin "patria" - fatherland, which characterizes national unity, identification with the country's past and present, readiness to take responsibility for its fate and, if necessary, defend the Motherland with arms in hand.

V. I. Dal recorded his contemporary understanding of patriot and patriotism in his dictionary in 1882: “A patriot is a lover of the Fatherland, a zealot for its good, a lover of the fatherland, a patriot or a father-in-law. Patriotism is love for the Fatherland.

In the dictionary of the Russian language S. I. Ozhegov, the following interpretation is given: "Patriotism is devotion and love for one's fatherland, for one's people."

The concept of "patriotism" has a deep tradition of understanding and use in the literature. The question of who is a patriot, who is worthy of the title "son of the Fatherland" has worried thinkers throughout the history of the development of social thought. So, Radishchev raised this problem as early as the end of the 18th century. In the works of both the Westerners and the Slavophiles, the interests of the Motherland are put at the forefront. "Westerners" V. G. Belinsky, P. Ya. Chaadaev, A. I. Herzen came to the conclusion that Russia should not be opposed to the West, and the West - to Russia. AS Pushkin and P. Ya. Chaadaev were the first to express the essence of this idea: Russia is neither better nor worse than the West, it is different.

1.2 The concept of patriotism in Tsarist Russia

In Russian national self-consciousness, the concept of patriotism was often associated with the traditions of Orthodox culture and consisted in the readiness to give up oneself, to sacrifice everything for the sake of the country. Many public and state figures, such as N.M. Karamzin, S.N. Glinka, A.I. Turgenev, urged through their work "to lay down their lives for the Fatherland."

Already in the time of Peter I, patriotism is considered above all virtues and practically becomes the Russian state ideology, the words "God, Tsar and Fatherland" reflect the main values ​​of the time. The Russian soldier served not for the sake of his honor or the emperor, but in the interests of the Fatherland. “Now the hour has come that will decide the fate of the Fatherland,” Peter I addressed the soldiers before the Battle of Poltava. - And so you should not think that you are fighting for Peter, but for the state, handed over to Peter, for your family, for the Fatherland ... ".

But citizens of the Russian Empire connected the concept of patriotism not only with military service. Civic patriotism was very widespread, and at the same time had the features of "conscious patriotism." “Conscious patriotism” was well described by the great Russian patriot, philosopher Vasily Rozanov: “A happy and great homeland is not a great thing to love. We must love her precisely when she is weak, small, humiliated, finally, stupid, finally, even vicious. Precisely, it is precisely when our mother is “drunk”, lying and all entangled in sin, that we should not leave her.”

1.3. The concept of patriotism in Soviet Russia

Due to the formation and development of new class, political, ideological and other features, in Soviet times, the Fatherland began to be defined, first of all, as socialist, while reflecting the emergence of the Soviet state social system. In the article “On the National Pride of the Great Russians,” Lenin defines proletarian patriotism: “Is the feeling of national pride alien to us, class-conscious Great Russian proletarians? Of course not! We love our language, our motherland, we are working most of all to raise its working masses (that is, 9/10 of its population) to the conscious life of democrats and socialists ... ".

During the Great Patriotic War, when the question of the fate of our Fatherland was being decided, the people and the army displayed patriotism of unprecedented strength, which was the basis of spiritual and moral superiority over Nazi Germany. Remembering the difficult days of the battle for Moscow, G.K. Zhukov noted that “it was not mud or frost that stopped the Nazi troops after their breakthrough to Vyazma and reaching the approaches to the capital. Not the weather, but the people, the Soviet people! These were special, unforgettable days, when the common desire of the entire Soviet people to defend the Motherland, and the greatest patriotism raised people to a feat.

1.4 The concept of patriotism in Orthodoxy

Here is what Patriarch Alexy II said about patriotism: “Patriotism is undoubtedly relevant. This is the feeling that makes the people and every person responsible for the life of the country. Without patriotism there is no such responsibility. If I do not think about my people, then I have no home, no roots. Because the house is not only comfort, it is also the responsibility for the order in it, it is the responsibility for the children who live in this house. A person without patriotism, in fact, does not have his own country. And a “man of the world” is the same as a homeless person.”

The Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1990 stated that over the course of a thousand-year history, the Russian Orthodox Church has educated believers in the spirit of patriotism and peacefulness. According to the definition of the Local Council of 1990, patriotism "manifests itself in a careful attitude to the historical heritage of the Fatherland, in active citizenship, including participation in the joys and trials of one's people, in zealous and conscientious work, in caring for the moral state of society, in caring for the conservation of nature" .

1.5 The concept of patriotism in modern Russia

In the last decade in Russia, patriotism has become one of the most controversial topics widely discussed in various spheres of the Russian state. The range of opinions is quite wide: from discrediting patriotism as an analogue of fascism and racism to the calls of the first persons of the state to unite the Russian people on the basis of patriotism. In the public consciousness, the attitude towards the concept of "patriotism" is far from unambiguous. Which, in particular, is demonstrated by the statements of various political and public figures.

Gennady Zyuganov: “Turning to our history, especially to the history of the Soviet era, allows us to draw an important conclusion: at each new stage of development, the idea of ​​the unity of patriotism and socialism was refined and filled. Therefore, even today, patriotism and socialism must go hand in hand in the revival of Great Russia.”

Irina Khakamada: “... I am among non-traditional patriots, namely, those people who do not associate patriotism with thoughtless faith in their own state, but who associate their fate with their country, because it is this country that allows a person to realize himself as a free a person whose dignity is respected by the authorities”.

Eduard Limonov: “... Those in power, who at one time committed the destruction of the USSR, using democratic ideology, have now adopted patriotic ideology and are exploiting it. Although, in my opinion, they absolutely do not care what to exploit, whom and how.

For their part, representatives of the United Russia party urge not to blur the concept of patriotism and not engage in populism, but to pursue a balanced state policy in matters of patriotic education. Former party leader Boris Gryzlov connects the concept of patriotism with the history and greatness of Russia: "The wealth of Russia is not only its subsoil, not only and not so much oil and gas, but the huge creative potential of the Russian people, our unity, our love for the Motherland."

In general, today we can state the presence of a significant number of divergent opinions on issues of patriotism, the lack of a common understanding of patriotic education in society.

2. Formation of patriotic consciousness among modern youth

2.1 The level of development of patriotic consciousness among modern youth

How are things going with the sense of patriotism among today's youth? In the course of a survey of students in grades 8-11 of our school, we found out what patriotism means for a modern teenager. A total of 128 people were surveyed.

The first question of the questionnaire: “How do you understand the word “patriotism”? The answers were as follows: love for the Motherland - 71%; love for nature - 12%; defense of the Fatherland - 12%; loyalty to the Fatherland -4%; veneration of the laws - 1%. Despite the different answers to this question, in principle they are similar and reflect the understanding of the youth of their attitude to the Motherland.

To the question of the questionnaire: “In your opinion, this is a patriot ...” made it possible to find out what meaning the respondents put into this word. The following options were received as answers: “A person who tries to do everything possible for the prosperity of his Motherland, one who loves his Motherland”; "Brave, courageous defender of his homeland"; “Loving his Motherland, proud of it”; "A faithful son of his Fatherland"; "A man who loves his Fatherland"; “He is ready for everything for the sake of his Motherland”; “He who lives for the sake of his country is proud of it”; "A man who loves his country and worries about its future"; "A person devoted to the Motherland." There were also such answers: "A person who has passed the initial military training before the army"; "Service in the army" and others.

According to the results of the survey, 68% of the respondents are aware of themselves as patriots of Russia. Apparently, not every teenager considers himself a patriot, but, by the way, maybe they understand that they have not done anything for society, for their country, to consider themselves as such.

To the question: “Where do you think patriotic feelings are brought up?” respondents answered as follows: 61% of respondents chose the answer option: "I was born in Russia and I consider it the best place in the world." In 32% of respondents, the family influenced the formation of patriotic consciousness. 23% of respondents believe that teachers instilled patriotism in them, 20% of respondents became patriots under the influence of the media. The least pronounced influence on the formation of a sense of patriotism is on the part of friends - 17%, under the influence of books, films and other works of art - 9%, following the example of famous people - 7%.

Answering the question of the questionnaire: “Which of the famous people do you consider patriots?” respondents named historical figures. 46% of the respondents called A.V. Suvorov, Peter I patriots; 32% - Marshal G.K. Zhukov; 22% - A.S. Pushkin, M.I. Kutuzov, Yu.A. Gagarin.

To the question: “Who do you consider the hero of our time?” the respondents answered as follows: 83% of respondents cannot name specific heroes, and 37% believe that there are none at all, 36% simply do not know them, 9% think that there are heroes, but do not know who they are.

“Which of the following days do you consider holidays for you personally?” Analyzing the answers to this question of the questionnaire, it is necessary to note the "leading" position among these holidays of the Victory Day. Victory Day (84%) and Defender of the Fatherland Day (58%) are rated as holidays much more often than Independence Day (33%) and Constitution Day (14%), which indicates that the Victory in the Great Patriotic War is the most important event for schoolchildren than recent milestones in the development of modern Russia as a state. Consequently, patriotism in the minds of high school students is connected to a greater extent with the theme of war, the defense of the Motherland, the exploits of heroes than with the theme of the political development of the state.

“Are you interested in the history of Russian symbols?” - 73% of respondents gave a positive answer to this question, “not interested” - 7%, “did not think” about this issue - 20%. As you can see, teenagers are not indifferent to Russian symbols, most of them are interested in its history. After all, state symbols have absorbed the history of the people, their traditions.

It is well known that love for the Motherland begins there, a person was born and raised. Answering the question: “How do you feel about your small homeland?”, 78% of respondents showed themselves to be real patriots, giving the answer “I love”, 13% - “would choose another”, for 9% - “it doesn’t matter where to live”.

When asked if you had the choice to stay in your city or move to another city or country, the respondents answered as follows: 25% of respondents would prefer to change their place of residence, and 32% of students want to leave the country, with 14% respondents want to leave the country forever. Most of the respondents answered that they would see the world and return - 81%. Consideration of migratory moods among the students of our school shows a rather pessimistic attitude.

The questionnaire also touched upon such an important issue as military service. The Constitution of Russia states: "Protection of the Fatherland is the duty and obligation of a citizen of the Russian Federation." From the analysis of the answers, it turned out that 52% of respondents believe that everyone should fulfill this duty, 49% - serving in the army is a duty, patriotism, 9% - are sure that military service can be replaced by alternative service, 8% felt that " better to avoid it by any means."

In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 32 part 2), citizens have the right to elect and be elected to state authorities and local governments. The question of the questionnaire: “How can one treat those who do not go to the polls, is it necessary to apply any measure of punishment to them?” 64% of respondents believe that participation in elections is the exclusive right of citizens, 8% of respondents make participation in elections mandatory, 28% of respondents believe that nothing will change from their voting for candidates to state authorities or local self-government bodies and therefore, it is not necessary to go to the polls. They do not understand that by their non-participation in the elections they are provoking the creation of such a system in the country, which will by no means contribute to their prosperity and well-being.

“What is your attitude towards people of a different faith, nation, race?” Respondents answered this question of the questionnaire as follows: friendly - 35%; indifferent - 24%; tolerable - 30%; negative - no; I have nothing to do with them -11%. It's nice that no one feels much negativity towards people of different origins, but at the same time there is some rejection. We can say that the national climate in our school is quite calm and tolerant.

“Can Russian citizens support a domestic manufacturer as a manifestation of patriotism? What products, domestic or foreign, do you prefer?” 53% of respondents answered that support for domestic producers is not a manifestation of patriotism; 47% of the respondents consider the support of the domestic manufacturer to be a manifestation of patriotism. 90% of respondents prefer Russian products, which indicates support for a domestic manufacturer.

To the question of the questionnaire: "Does Russia have a future?" 69% of respondents answered: “Russia will overcome all difficulties and will prosper; 17% answered: “Most likely, it will exist the same way as it is today”; 12% answered: “So far, Russia is on the way to disintegration”; 2% found it difficult to answer. The answers show that young people stand up for the revival of Russia as a strong power.

“What, in your opinion, still needs to be done by the state to instill patriotic values ​​among children and youth?” To this question of the questionnaire, most of all there were such answers: “Improvement of the living conditions of the population”; "Raising the prestige of the country"; "Creation and screening of more patriotic films, distribution of fiction on patriotic topics"; "Improving the authority of the army in society"; "Personal example, examples of war heroes"; "Educating a sense of patriotism from kindergarten." The answers to this question show that young people in their aspirations, values ​​and life plans are very close to the older generation, and in this sense, we can talk about the revival of continuity.

2.2 The attitude of modern schoolchildren to the problems of patriotism

As part of the study, the levels of development of patriotism of students in grades 8-11 of the MBOU "Gymnasium No. 12" were analyzed. The majority of respondents consider (realize) themselves as patriots, are proud of the history of their country, and are concerned about the future of Russia. Among the young students who consider themselves patriots of Russia, the most developed is a sensual, emotional attitude towards their country, people, compatriots, culture (“I love my country no matter what”, “I have a sense of pride that I live in Russia…” , “I am always very sick and worried about the representatives of Russia in sports competitions”) - 76%. The development of the emotional-sensory perception of one's Motherland is associated with the immediate environment of the individual (family, friends, relatives) and is expressed primarily in love for the small Motherland (native nature, locality). This component defines "rudimentary" patriotism, which is capable of development, but purposeful patriotic education is necessary for the formation of value-motivational and volitional elements.

15.4% of respondents are aware of the values ​​of their homeland, people, nature, native land, along with other basic values: health, personal success, family, etc. (“I am a patriot; if necessary, I am ready to act in the interests of the Motherland”, “for me, my native land is very important, and I will not spoil the place where I live”).

Only 8.4% of respondents strive to support the Motherland with their activities: to live and work in the country, serve in the army, support domestic producers, and also contribute to the development of the country (“I work for my country”, “I am ready to defend my country, etc.” ). This is due, first of all, to the students’ ignorance of what exactly needs to be done for the benefit of their Motherland. Arina, 16 years old: “We love our Motherland, because we were born in it, and maybe there are countries where life is better but we don't know about it."

The results of our study allow us to say that the patriotic consciousness of young students is in a kind of "chaotic" state: "I love the Motherland, I want good things for it, but I don't know what this good thing is, and what needs to be done for this." According to the results of the study, 86.8% of respondents define patriotism for themselves as "a feeling of love for their homeland and a willingness to act in the interests of its well-being and prosperity." At the same time, 68.0% of the students of our school consider themselves patriots of Russia. When analyzing the ways of becoming a patriotic consciousness of an individual, it can be noted that “unconscious” formation prevails among young students: 61% of respondents chose the answer option: “I was born in Russia and I consider it the best place in the world.” In 32% of respondents, the family influenced the formation of patriotic consciousness.

Consideration of Russia as one of the leading countries in the world is inherent in 32% of respondents; 40% see that Russia plays a certain role, but not a decisive one; 14% of respondents believe that Russia has practically no influence on the solution of major world problems. Respondents' rather low assessment of Russia's position in the world is due to the fact that 47% believe that Russia is going through times of crisis. Consideration of the causes of the crisis in Russia indicates a fairly positive assessment of the national culture of Russians and patriotism, and the causes of adverse events are associated with the negative impact of economic and political factors.

In the analysis of life values, the first places are occupied by the values ​​of personal security and the well-being of the family. This is obviously connected with the individualization of the minds of young people. Love for the motherland is also among the basic values. But this love is expressed in love and readiness to act in the interests of a microgroup (family, group of peers), but it practically does not extend to the country as a whole and is not associated with state interests.

Consideration of migratory moods among young people shows a rather pessimistic attitude. According to the results of our study, it turns out that 25% of respondents would prefer to change their settlement, 32% of students want to leave the country. Currently, patriotic consciousness develops spontaneously through the family and social environment of the individual, there is no stability in the development of the system for the formation of personal patriotism.

Thus, the analysis of the sociological research data made it possible to characterize patriotic consciousness, determine the level of development of patriotic consciousness, and consider love for the motherland in the system of life values ​​of the respondents.

Conclusion

The theoretical analysis of patriotic consciousness and the analysis of data obtained in the course of a sociological study of student youth allow us to formulate the following theoretical and practical conclusions.

In the pre-revolutionary period, patriotism was considered as a spiritual category, a component of the individual's consciousness, which was subdivided depending on the forms of its expression in patriotic behavior.

Patriotism in the Soviet state was one of the key components of the ideology that ensured its existence and development. During this period, the greatest attention is paid to the consideration of patriotism as love for the Motherland and the willingness to sacrifice one's goods and, if necessary, one's life for its sake.

In the post-Soviet period, patriotic education, together with the ideological system, was practically destroyed, which became one of the good reasons for the disruption of the connection between times and a sharp change in the scale of life values. Therefore, today, as the President of the Russian Federation repeatedly emphasized in his speeches, the formation of healthy constructive patriotism among the broad masses is one of the priorities for the further strengthening and development of our country. For patriotism is the most important factor in mobilizing and uniting the people.

To accomplish this task, it is necessary, first of all, to conduct special studies designed to give a fairly complete description of the state of the patriotic consciousness of today's youth. Our work is an attempt to conduct such a study among the students of our school in order to clarify the formation of its patriotic consciousness.

Conclusions based on the results of the sociological study:

• Most of the students surveyed consider themselves patriots.
• Almost all patriots at times experience both pride and shame for their country.
• However, feelings are very different from the deed. For some reason, some patriots do not feel any duty to the Motherland. This part makes up slightly less than half of the respondents, some are not yet sure that they are "debtors".
• Even fewer respondents associate patriotic duty with military service.
• The issue of military service turned out to be very complex and controversial. Most students believe that military service is not mandatory. The third part of the respondents cannot decide on this issue.
• The majority of respondents would not like to leave Russia. A third of respondents dream of living in another country.
• Few people have role models in modern Russia. Respondents named only historical figures as patriots.
• The least developed among the respondents is the volitional element - the desire to support the Motherland with their activities: to live and work in the country, serve in the army, support domestic producers, contribute to the development of the country.

These results confirm the need to maintain and develop the patriotic direction in the education of young people.

The practical significance of our study:this work can be used in preparation for class hours, thematic classes, for creative events in order to form a high patriotic consciousness among students. Recent events in Ukraine confirm the relevance of patriotism. Here we see a vivid example of "stolen history". If a person does not know the past of his country, he is not worthy of the future and cannot be a true patriot

List of used literature

3. Antoine de Saint-Exupery. The little Prince. M.: Children's literature, 1986.44 p.

4. State concept of patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation. // A red star. July 05, 2003. 5 p.

5. Gryzlov Boris. Official site.

6. Dal V.I. Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language: in 4 volumes. M .: Ed. Center "Terra", 1994. 779 p.

7. Zhukov G.K. Memories and reflections in 2 volumes. M.: APN, 1971.430 p.

8. Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate, No. 9 -1990. 28 p.

9. Zyuganov G.A. Russia is my motherland. The ideology of state patriotism. Moscow: Informpress, 1996. 26 p.

10. Lenin V.I. On the national pride of the Great Russians. Moscow: Education, 1976. 35 p.

11. Limonov Eduard. Twitter site.

12 . Handbook on the patriotic education of schoolchildren: a methodological guide. M.: Globus, 2007. 330 p.

13 .Ozhegov S.I., Shvedova N.Yu. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. M.: 2000. 398 p.

14 . Putin V.V. Russia at the turn of the millennium. My Fatherland, 2000. No. 1. 23 p.

15 . Rozanov V.V. secluded. M.: Sovremennik, 1991. 108 p.

16 . Sakharov A., Buganov V. History of Russia. Moscow: Education, 1997. 286 p.

17 . Frank S.L. Works. M.: Pravda, 1989. 386 p.

Attachment 1

Questionnaire

1. How do you understand the word "patriot"?
2. Do you think a patriot is...
3. Where do you think patriotic feelings are brought up?
4. Which famous people do you consider patriots?
5. Who do you consider the heroes of our time?
6. Which of the following days do you consider holidays for you personally:

Victory Day;

Defender of the Fatherland Day;

Independence Day;

Constitution day.

1. Are you interested in the history of Russian symbols?
2. How do you feel about the Little Motherland?
3. If you had the choice to stay in your city or move to another city or country, what would you do?
4. Do you want to serve in the army?
5. How can you treat those people who do not go to the polls?
6. What is your attitude towards people of other faiths?
7. Can the support of a domestic manufacturer be considered a manifestation of patriotism?
8. Does Russia have a future?
9. What, in your opinion, still needs to be done by the state to instill patriotic values ​​among children and youth?

Application2

Appendix 3

Appendix 4

Annex 5

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What does it mean to be a patriot

"Where are the people?" asked the Little Prince politely. “People?... They are carried by the wind. They don't have roots."

As President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin emphasized, it is possible to effectively counter the serious threats hanging over modern Russia only "... through the consolidation of all strata of society, at least around basic national values"

The concept of patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation says the following: “Patriotism is the moral basis of the viability of the state and acts as an important internal mobilizing resource for the development of society, an active civic position of the individual, her readiness for selfless service to her Fatherland.

Recently, the problem of patriotism in our country has become increasingly relevant. The spiritual values ​​of the population, including adolescents, are deformed under the pressure of various socio-economic changes, which leads to an increase in the number of extremist youth organizations, child crime and neglect.

The purpose of the study: to identify the level of formation of patriotic consciousness among young people on the example of gymnasium students. Object of study: high school students of the MBOU "Gymnasium No. 12". Subject of study: the state of patriotic consciousness of young students in modern conditions.

Research objectives: To analyze theoretical approaches to the consideration of the concept of "patriotism" in different historical periods. To reveal the attitude of modern schoolchildren to the problems of patriotism through a survey. To determine the level of development of the patriotic consciousness of the student youth and.

Research methods: Analysis of sources (literary, scientific articles, mass media, Internet). Questionnaire.

"Patriotism is devotion and love to one's Fatherland, to one's people"

Patriotism in Tsarist Russia

Patriotism in Orthodoxy

Patriotism in Soviet Russia

Patriotism in modern Russia

The level of development of patriotic consciousness among today's youth How do you understand the word "patriotism"?

Where do you think patriotic feelings are brought up?

Which famous people do you consider patriots?

Who do you consider the hero of our time?

Which of the following days do you consider holidays for you personally?

Are you interested in the history of Russian symbols?

How do you feel about your small homeland?

If you had the choice to stay in your city or move to another city or country

How do you feel about military service?

Conclusions based on the results of the sociological survey Most of the respondents consider themselves patriots Some of the patriots do not feel any duty to the Motherland Most of the students do not consider military service mandatory A third of the respondents want to live in another country The respondents called only historical figures Patriots

Conclusion These results allow us to talk about the need to maintain and develop a patriotic direction in the education of young people.

The practical significance of the study This work can be used in preparation for classroom hours, thematic classes, and creative events in order to form a high patriotic consciousness among students.

Recent events in Ukraine confirm the relevance of patriotism. Here we see a vivid example of "stolen history". If a person does not know the past of his country, he is not worthy of the future and cannot be a true patriot

Thank you for your attention!

Poltinin D., Shalatov M.:

What does it mean today to be a patriot?

To be a patriot means to be the master of your country, not a guest. In case of danger, be able to protect her, carefully handle her gifts. A patriot in my understanding is a person who works and is socially active, builds his future, linking it only with his Fatherland. He will do much more than a person who is ready to defend the prestige of the country in words. This is much more difficult than just talking about love for the Motherland, let's look at Dahl's explanatory dictionary: "A patriot is one who loves his fatherland, is devoted to his people, is ready for sacrifices and deeds in the name of the interests of his Motherland." Modern life differs from previous eras in its frantic rhythm, individualism, and the value of material goods. And at the same time, she leaves room for a feat. To be a patriot or not depends on the person himself. Anyone who does good deeds from the heart can become a hero. After all, great heroism is born from small deeds. To be a patriot, in my opinion, means "do not litter in the forest." Do not call the Russian Federation "this country". Cheer for your team at the World Cup. To support in conflict situations the actions of our, not foreign, politicians. And, of course, to refrain from sophisticated swearing and sour sarcasm against our state. From my point of view, patriotism begins when you realize that for some reason you need this country, and not in the form of ruins and poverty, but in the form of a place of residence (if possible comfortable) of your relatives, relatives, acquaintances, people of the same you nationality, with common historical roots. When you realize that your ancestors lie in this land, who cultivated it and for which they fought, which fed them and which accepted them. And when you realize that you want to lie in the same land, you want this land to feed and raise your descendants. It doesn’t matter how you came to this - through a logical realization that it cannot be otherwise, or exclusively emotionally (having once again come to your favorite forest for mushrooms and seeing a clearing in the place of the forest). And when this feeling becomes unconscious, when you are ready to take a machine gun and go to defend your house, knowing perfectly well the futility of this step and realizing that you have no chance of surviving - at this stage you can talk about patriotism.

What is the manifestation of patriotism today?

If we proceed from the generally accepted that patriotism is love for the Motherland, then it is necessary to determine what is invested in the concept of "Motherland". I believe that the Motherland is a place in whose fate a person experiences spiritual involvement. The motherland is the native expanses and the paternal home. But it is also something more than a locality or place of residence. First of all, the Motherland is people. From this it becomes clear that heroism for the good of the Motherland is aimed at the good of people and, first of all, loved ones. For a Russian person, the Motherland has always been holy and revered, and they defended it as a shrine. It is in this understanding of the Motherland, in my opinion, that patriotism originates. At the same time, patriotism is not just love for the Motherland. This is the readiness to overcome any trials with the country (to protect it from enemies, to raise it from ruins, to defend the honor and rights of the state on the world stage), respect for one's history and traditions, the desire to serve the interests of the country by one's actions (benefit, take responsibility, work for the good of the Motherland for themselves, loved ones, Russians ...). Patriotism implies not only a sense of pride in the country, but also a willingness to be with it in difficult times. I asked my friends the question: "What is patriotism and your heroes today." The answers basically boiled down to the fact that patriotism is love for the motherland. About 5% of the respondents could not define the concept of "patriotism" at all. When asked to list famous heroes, the heroes of the Great Patriotic War were most often named. When asked if there are heroes in the 21st century, many said that there are none. Those who agreed with the statement that there are still heroes cited only one or two names. The great military and labor past of our country knows many heroes: Matrosov, Panikakha, Suvorov, Nakhimov, Stakhanov, Sakharov, Zhukov, Kutuzov, Ushakov and many others. These people once glorified our country on the world stage. Their heroism is immortal. At the same time, we, the generation that grew up in the 21st century, should know that modernity also provides examples of the manifestation of patriotism. Who are the modern patriots and heroes? My list of heroes is long, I will name only a few whose exploits I especially remember. The undisputed heroes of our time are the officers and soldiers of the 6th company of the 2nd battalion of the 104th Guards Airborne Regiment of the 76th (Pskov) Airborne Division, who on February 29 - March 1, 2000 engaged in battle with a much larger detachment of Chechen militants led by Khattab, near Argun in Chechnya, at an altitude of 776 - Lieutenant Colonel M. N. Evtyukhin, Major S. G. Molodov, Captain V. V. Romanov, Senior Lieutenant A. M. Kolgatin, Lieutenant A. V. Vorobyov, Lieutenant D. S. Kozhemyakin, privates Alexander Suponinsky, Andrey Porshnev and many others. Leonid Mikhailovich Roshal (born in 1933) - Soviet and Russian pediatrician and surgeon, doctor of medical sciences, professor, public figure, director of the Moscow Research Institute of Emergency Children's Surgery and Traumatology, "Children's Doctor of the World" (1996), expert of the World Health Organization.

All the participants in the hostilities in Chechnya, the liquidators of the Chernobyl disaster, flood rescuers and many, many other people who save others without sparing their own lives.

Patriotism is a constant work of the mind and soul, love and respect for elders.

Lekanskaya D.:

There is no single measure for patriotism. For everyone - he is his own. Some say that patriotism means that we should be ruled only by people like us, of our nationality (but is this always the best option?). Others believe that a person who always firmly defends national interests should rule (are you sure that national, and not personal?). Personally, I prefer a different approach. Patriotism is when you not only “cheer with your soul” for the country, but when you realize what is happening to the country and act, albeit to the detriment of yourself and the current situation / generation, but in the interests of future generations. Moreover, the “interest of future generations” is both the support of today's youth, and concern for the elderly as carriers of folk traditions, as a link between generations, as the moral face of society, and concern for natural resources, economic, scientific and military potential of their country. Patriotism cannot be measured by the number of speeches for anything or the loudness of the cry, as well as the number of returns "from there". Patriotism can only be measured by specific deeds - how many factories have you built, how many people have you given jobs, to what extent have you prevented the export of raw materials (generational wealth) from the country, and what part of these resources (as a measure to prevent export) have you turned into high-tech products with high value-added due to technology and the labor of citizens, how much taxes you paid, how many talented fellow citizens you helped, how many orphanages you supported and how many orphans you helped find a family, how many teenagers you gave the opportunity to go to study / work instead of “wandering the streets” and sit down on drugs, how many villages you saved from extinction and returned young people there, how many wild animals live in the forest or reserve closest to you, how you financed national science, art, mass sports, how many streets in your city you helped make clean, lit, ... And love ... They love the street, not the dirt on it, and if they love, then they will make an effort, that she was clean and pleasing to the eye.

Mishin A.:

We were all born in the same country, we live and grow here. We all study the history of our country, we are proud of it. But the most wonderful thing is when our souls are filled with a special feeling, fixed for centuries and millennia - patriotism. What is the manifestation of patriotism? It manifests itself: in love for one's Fatherland, in pride for one's people, in love for the culture of one's people. In love for his small Motherland, where he was born and spent the first years of his life; in the desire for the prosperity of their Motherland, in activities for the good of the Motherland, in readiness to protect and defend their country, in respect for the veteran defenders of the Motherland, the heroic deeds of their ancestors. It is impossible to teach patriotism, as they teach mathematics and physics. The feeling of the Motherland is not memorizing a list of rules and regulations. This is the air we breathe. The sun we see. The house where we live. The feeling of the Motherland permeates our whole life. Modern life with its transience makes us think about our attitude to the Motherland - the most sacred thing that a person has. I live in Russia. The history of my fatherland is rich in examples of great victories and glory, adversity and suffering. Clever and courageous people worked for the good and good of my country. Their work brings glory to Russia. This is my homeland. Its expanses are beautiful and immense. I am proud of my country, its past and present.

Option number 1.

Introduction

“Patriotism always supports your country and your government when it deserves it,” said Mark Twain. Patriotism is love and respect for the country and the desire to improve it. The people must unite with the government and other institutions to work in this direction.

Patriotism fades with time

Over time, patriotism disappears. Today, patriotism is hardly found among the younger generation. This is because people these days are too caught up in their lives. They also become more and more selfish. A selfish person is one who always thinks of himself and keeps his interests above everyone and those around him. Patriotism is love for one's own country. A person who is too self-absorbed and who is of great importance for himself and his needs can never be a patriot. Increasing competition these days has also contributed a lot to this. Everyone is busy earning money to make their life more comfortable and better than those of others. In such a scenario, it is hardly worth thinking about anything else. These days, loving the country and serving the country is an almost forgotten concept. Instead of working to improve their country and contribute to its development, young people today migrate to other countries in search of a better way of life. If the thinking of people was the same about 100 years ago, they would never have united and fought for the freedom of the country. In this situation, they would only be looking for their own selfish motives.

True Patriot vs False Patriot

Today there are many people who really love and respect their country, and some are just pretending. A true patriot is one who is dedicated to serving his people. At first, he is interested in his country and compatriots and is ready to sacrifice everything for the sake of improving his country. A false patriot is one who claims to love his country and shows that he is a patriot by being in public. However, he does this for his own benefit and does not actually possess these feelings.

Patriotism versus nationalism

The terms nationalism and patriotism are often used interchangeably. However, there is a difference between them. Patriotism means being proud of your nation for its good points and working to improve it. On the other hand, nationalism means being proud of one's people, regardless of their positive and negative aspects. While patriotism is good, nationalism is seen as irrational and vicious.

A sense of patriotism is required for the improvement and development of the country. It also brings people of the same country closer together and helps them experience the love and joy of caring for each other.

Composition on the topic "Patriotism".

Option number 2.

Conclusion
Introduction

Patriotism is one of the purest feelings in the world. A patriot selflessly treats his country. He keeps the interests and welfare of his country ahead of his own. He is ready to sacrifice a lot for the sake of his country without thinking twice.

Patriotism is a virtue that everyone should have

Our country is also called our motherland and we should love it as we love our mother. Those who feel the same love and devotion for their country as they feel for their mother and family are known to be true patriots. Patriotism is a virtue that every person should possess. A country full of patriots is certainly a better place to live than one where people fight each other in the name of religion, caste, creed and other issues. A place where people have a collective interest and mission will surely have less conflict. This is why everyone should have the dignity of patriotism:

Support for your country
When everyone strives to create a nation strong in all respects, there is no way that the country will not develop and develop. Patriots put the interests of the country ahead of their own and work with dedication to improve it.

Maintaining peace and harmony
A good nation is one where peace and harmony are maintained at all times. People have a sense of brotherhood, helping and supporting each other. It is known that the feeling of patriotism contributes to the feeling of brotherhood among their compatriots.

Working for a Common Purpose
Patriots work towards a common goal, which is to improve their country. When everyone moves towards a common goal or mission, it is possible to achieve it.

No selfish motives
Patriots selflessly work for their country without any individual interests. If everyone has a sense of patriotism and does not think about satisfying his individual interest, the country will certainly benefit.

No corruption
If political leaders have a sense of patriotism, they will work well for the welfare of the country. If government officials and other citizens of a country are determined to serve the nation, rather than earn quick money or get quick favors for themselves, the level of corruption will fall.

Patriotism should not turn into chauvinism

Being a patriot is a great virtue. We must love and respect our country and serve it in any way we can. The positives of having a sense of patriotism, shared above, show how it can help a country prosper and grow. However, some people take this love for their country to a new level. Excessive love for one's country and the belief that your country is superior and important is called chauvinism. Chauvinists' strong belief in the ideologies of their country and the irrational belief in the superiority of their people creates a feeling of hatred for others. This often provokes conflicts and wars between countries, thereby violating peace and harmony.

There have been several cases in the past where chauvinism has led to unnecessary conflicts turning into riots. There is a very thin line between patriotism and chauvinism. While patriotism is healthy, chauvinism is fanatical and irrational. People must ensure that their loyalty and love for their country does not turn into chauvinism over time.

Conclusion

Love for one's homeland is the purest form of love. A person who is ready to sacrifice his interests for his country deserves respect. Every country in the world needs more people who have this feeling.

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19.05.2018