Disappeared countries (10 photos). Modern political map of the world

Goals: consolidate and generalize students' knowledge on the topic "Europe"; check the level of knowledge and skills on the topic "Europe".

Equipment: maps of Europe, tests, contour maps, atlases.

Type of lesson: lesson-generalization in the form of a test.

a) Great Britain; b) Iceland; c) Sweden; d) Denmark; e) Finland.

2. Which country does not belong to the Eastern Europe region?

a) Poland; b) Bulgaria; c) Ukraine; d) Estonia; e) Austria.

3. Which states have disappeared from the political map of Europe:

a) Austria b) Czechoslovakia; c) GDR; d) Yugoslavia.

4. Which European countries have large coal reserves?

a) Denmark, Belgium, Italy; b) Poland, Germany, Great Britain; c) Sweden, Norway, Greece; d) France, Luxembourg, Poland.

5. Select the option that correctly indicates the language group and religion of Spain:

a) the German group - Orthodoxy; b) Romanesque group - Islam; c) Romanesque group - Catholicism; d) the German group - Protestantism; e) German group - Catholicism.

6. Select the options that correctly indicate the countries in which the agglomeration data are located:

a) Milan - France; b) Lyon - Italy; c) Upper Silesian - Czech Republic; d) Ruhr - Germany.

7. Explain why Great Britain and France attract foreign workers not only from European countries, but also from other regions of the world, while Germany is limited mainly to European workers?

a) German is less widely spoken in the world than English and French, which makes it difficult for foreign workers to live in Germany.

b) In Great Britain and France there are more favorable living conditions for workers.

c) Great Britain and France pay more for work.

d) Germany later than France and Great Britain seized the colonies and lost them earlier. Therefore, close ties between the colonies and the metropolis were not preserved.

8. Find the options in which the countries supplying labor migrants and the countries receiving them are correctly indicated:

a) Turkey - Iceland; b) Portugal - France; c) Algeria - Great Britain; d) Ireland - Greece.

9. Which of the following countries are not highly urbanized?

a) Iceland; b) Portugal; c) Ukraine; d) Belgium.

9. This country has long been called a trendsetter, although in the geographical division of labor it is known as a supplier of cars, synthetic rubber, and sophisticated electronic products. We are talking about ... (name the country).

10. Establish a correspondence between the country and the type of power plants:

1) in Norway;

2) in Germany;

3) in France;

4) in Iceland;

a) import gas for use at thermal power plants; b) HPPs predominate; c) geothermal power plants predominate; d) 2/3 of electricity is received at nuclear power plants.

11. Name the country of Northern Europe, which supplies the world market with high-quality iron ore:

a) Iceland; b) Sweden; c) Denmark; d) Finland.

12. Which of the following countries is characterized by subtropical agriculture, the cultivation of citrus fruits, grapes, olive trees?

a) Italy; b) France; c) Great Britain; d) Germany.

13. Which of these features are characteristic of the North European type of agriculture?

a) subtropical agriculture; b) mountain pasture sheep breeding; c) dairy farming; d) irrigated agriculture) cultivation of fodder crops.

14. Which of the following countries in the production of cars is second only to Japan and the USA?

a) Great Britain; b) France; c) Italy; d) Germany; e) Sweden.

15. What countries are included in the European Union?

a) Switzerland; b) Belgium; c) France; d) Great Britain; e) Austria.

16. The first place in foreign Europe is occupied by:

a) for gas production - Denmark; b) for the gross harvest of wheat - France; c) for the production of steel - Spain; d) for the production of cars - Germany; e) for the production of electricity per capita - Norway.

17. What features are characteristic of the Western European type of transport system?

a) in terms of transportation distance, it is inferior to the transport systems of the USA and Russia;

b) the frame of the land transport system is formed by highways of the meridional direction;

c) the density of the transport system is very high;

d) there are no transport corridors between the transport systems of Western and Eastern Europe.

18. Choose an old industrial region of foreign Europe:

a) Ruhr; 6) North Sea; c) Portugal; d) Greater Paris; e) Rotterdam.

II. Homework

Make reports on the topic "Features of the Economic and Geographical Position of the United States."

New countries appear with frightening regularity. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were only a few dozen independent sovereign states on the planet. Today there are almost 200 of them! If a country has already formed, then it is for a long time, so the disappearance of a country is extremely rare. There have been very few such cases in the last century. But if a country falls apart, then it completely disappears from the face of the Earth: along with the flag, the government and everything else. Below are ten of the most famous countries that once existed and prospered, but ceased to exist for one reason or another.

10. German Democratic Republic (GDR), 1949-1990

Established after World War II in a sector controlled by the Soviet Union, the German Democratic Republic was best known for its Wall and its tendency to shoot people who tried to get over it.

The wall was torn down with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990. After its demolition, Germany united and again became a whole state. However, in the beginning, due to the fact that the German Democratic Republic was rather poor, unification with the rest of Germany almost ruined the country. On the this moment in Germany everything was fine.

9. Czechoslovakia, 1918-1992

Founded on the ruins of the old Austro-Hungarian Empire, during its existence Czechoslovakia was one of the most vibrant democracies in pre-World War II Europe. Betrayed by Britain and France in 1938 in Munich, she was completely occupied by Germany and disappeared from the world map by March 1939. Later, she was occupied by the Soviets, who made her one of the vassals of the USSR. It was part of the sphere of influence of the Soviet Union until its collapse in 1991. After the collapse, it again became a prosperous democratic state.

This story should have ended there, and, probably, the state would have been intact to this day if the ethnic Slovaks living in the eastern half of the country had not demanded secession into an independent state, dividing Czechoslovakia in two in 1992.

Today, Czechoslovakia no longer exists, in its place there is the Czech Republic in the west and Slovakia in the east. Although, given the fact that the Czech economy is booming, Slovakia, which is not doing so well, probably regrets secession.

8. Yugoslavia, 1918-1992

Just like Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia was a product of the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire as a result of World War II. Consisting mainly of parts of Hungary and the original territory of Serbia, Yugoslavia, unfortunately, did not follow the more intelligent example of Czechoslovakia. Instead, it was something of an autocratic monarchy before the Nazis invaded the country in 1941. After that, it was under German occupation. After the defeat of the Nazis in 1945, Yugoslavia did not become part of the USSR, but became a communist country under the leadership of the socialist dictator, Marshal Josip Tito, leader of the partisan army during World War II. Yugoslavia remained a non-aligned authoritarian socialist republic until 1992, when internal conflicts and intransigent nationalism erupted into civil war. After it, the country broke up into six small states (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Macedonia and Montenegro), becoming a clear example of what can happen if cultural, ethnic and religious assimilation goes wrong.

7. Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1867-1918

While all the countries that found themselves on the losing side after the First World War found themselves in an unsightly economic and geographical position, none of them lost more than the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which was gnawed like a roast turkey in a homeless shelter. From the collapse of the once huge empire, such modern countries as Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia emerged, and part of the lands of the empire went to Italy, Poland and Romania.

So why did it fall apart while its neighbor, Germany, remained intact? Yes, because it did not have a common language and self-determination, instead, various ethnic and religious groups lived in it, which, to put it mildly, did not get along with each other. In general, the Austro-Hungarian Empire endured what Yugoslavia endured, only on a much larger scale, when it was torn apart by ethnic hatred. The only difference was that the Austro-Hungarian Empire was torn apart by the victors, while the disintegration of Yugoslavia was internal and spontaneous.

6. Tibet, 1913-1951

Although the territory known as Tibet existed for over a thousand years, it did not become an independent state until 1913. However, under the peaceful tutelage of a number of Dalai Lamas, it eventually clashed with Communist China in 1951 and was occupied by Mao's forces, thus ending its brief existence as a sovereign state. In the 1950s, China occupied Tibet, which grew more and more unrest, until Tibet finally rebelled in 1959. This led China to annex the region and dissolve the Tibetan government. Thus, Tibet ceased to exist as a country and instead became a "region", instead of a country. Today, Tibet is a huge tourist attraction for the Chinese government, even though there is a feud between Beijing and Tibet, due to the fact that Tibet is again demanding its independence.

5. South Vietnam, 1955-1975

South Vietnam was created by forcibly expelling the French from Indochina in 1954. Someone decided that dividing Vietnam into two parts around the 17th parallel would be a good idea, leaving Communist Vietnam in the north and pseudo-democratic Vietnam in the south. As in the case of Korea, nothing good came of it. The situation led to a war between South and North Vietnam, which eventually involved the United States. This war became for the United States of America one of the most devastating and costly wars in which America has ever taken part. In the end, torn apart by internal divisions, America withdrew its troops from Vietnam and left it to itself in 1973. For two years, Vietnam, divided in two, fought until North Vietnam, backed by the Soviet Union, seized control of the country, eliminating South Vietnam forever. The capital of the former South Vietnam, Saigon, was renamed Ho Chi Minh City. Since then, Vietnam has been a socialist utopia.

4. United Arab Republic, 1958-1971

This is another failed attempt to unite the Arab world. The Egyptian president, an ardent socialist, Gamel Abdel Nasser, believed that unification with Egypt's distant neighbor, Syria, would lead to the fact that their common enemy, Israel, would be surrounded on all sides, and that the united country would become super- strength of the region. Thus, the short-lived United Arab Republic was created, an experiment that was doomed to fail from the start. Separated by several hundred kilometers, creating a centralized government seemed an impossible task, plus Syria and Egypt could never agree on what the national priorities were.

The problem would be solved if Syria and Egypt united and destroyed Israel. But their plans were thwarted by the inopportune start of the Six-Day War in 1967, which destroyed their plans for a joint border and turned the United Arab Republic into a defeat of biblical proportions. After that, the days of the union were numbered, and, in the end, the UAR fell apart with the death of Nasser in 1970. Without a charismatic Egyptian president to maintain a fragile alliance, the UAR quickly disintegrated, re-establishing Egypt and Syria as separate states.

3. Ottoman Empire, 1299-1922

One of the greatest empires in the history of mankind, the Ottoman Empire collapsed in November 1922, after a fairly long existence of over 600 years. It once stretched from Morocco to the Persian Gulf and from Sudan to Hungary. Its disintegration was the result of a long process of disintegration over many centuries, by the beginning of the 20th century only a shadow of its former glory remained from it.

But even then it remained an influential force in the Middle East and North Africa, and most likely would have remained so today if it had not participated in the First World War on the losing side. After the First World War, it was disbanded, its largest part (Egypt, Sudan and Palestine) went to England. In 1922, it became useless and eventually collapsed completely when the Turks won their war of independence in 1922 and terrified the Sultanate, creating modern Turkey along the way. However, the Ottoman Empire deserves respect for its continued existence no matter what.

2. Sikkim, 8th century AD-1975

Have you never heard of this country? Where have you been all this time? Well, seriously, how could you not know about small, landlocked Sikkim, nestled safely in the Himalayas between India and Tibet...that is, China. The size of a hot dog stand, it was one of those unknown, forgotten monarchies that managed to hold out until the 20th century, when its citizens realized that they had no particular reason to remain an independent state, and decided to unite with modern India in 1975.

What was remarkable about this small state? Yes, despite its incredibly small size, it had eleven official languages, which probably created havoc when signing road signs - this is assuming that there were roads in Sikkim.

1. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Soviet Union), 1922-1991

It is difficult to imagine the history of the world without the participation of the Soviet Union in it. One of the most powerful countries on the planet, which collapsed in 1991, for seven decades it has been a symbol of friendship between peoples. It was formed after the collapse of the Russian Empire after the First World War and flourished for many decades. The Soviet Union defeated the Nazis when the efforts of all other countries were insufficient to stop Hitler. The Soviet Union almost went to war with the United States in 1962, an event called the Caribbean Crisis.

After the Soviet Union collapsed after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, it split into fifteen sovereign states, thus creating the largest bloc of countries since the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918. Now the main successor to the Soviet Union is democratic Russia.

Olga Nagornyuk

Disappeared states: from antiquity to modern times

At the beginning of the 20th century, 55 sovereign states were marked on the world map, today their number is approaching 200. Some countries are born, others die. What causes them to disappear? We will talk about the disappeared states of antiquity and modernity and reveal the reasons for their collapse.

The collapse of the state: causes

The British historian Norman Davis, having studied the main milestones in the development of Europe, came to the conclusion that the following reasons lead to the cessation of the existence of the state.

Internal conflicts. Ethnic and cultural differences that are not resolved in a timely manner, caused by the infringement of the rights of one of the nations, as well as political confrontation, lead to an internal explosion, which results in the collapse of the country.

This path was passed by the USSR. An attempt to create a single nation - the Soviet people - was crowned with failure. The situation was aggravated by a default and a deep economic crisis that erupted against the backdrop of attempts by the then leadership of the country to change the political and economic structure of the state.

Conquest. One of the most common ways to expand the borders of one state through the forcible annexation of another. Proud Athens fell before the onslaught of the Roman Empire, the Achaemenid power fell into the hands of Alexander the Great, militant Prussia, which had waged wars of conquest throughout its history, eventually became a victim itself - after World War II, its territory was divided between the Soviet Union and Poland.

Merging. In the Middle Ages, a merger or entry of one state into another as a result of dynastic marriages was practiced. So, after the marriage of Ferdinand II and Isabella of Castile, the kingdoms of Aragon and Castile ceased to exist, laying the foundation for modern Spain.

Liquidation, which is the result of an agreed decision of political parties or a popular referendum. As an example, let's take Czechoslovakia, whose representatives of the national elites reached a peace agreement regarding the division of the country into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Subsequently, this event was called "Velvet Divorce".

Political immaturity and failure, which the historian calls "stillbirth". Sometimes the state does not have sufficient resources and political will to survive, which leads to its disappearance.

Let us recall at least the kingdom of Etruria, created by Napoleon and which lasted only a quarter of a century. The representatives of the nobility who headed it had neither the desire nor the strength to defend the independence of the country, and after the defeat of Bonaparte in 1814, Etruria ended up in the category of “Disappeared States”.

Ancient states that disappeared from the world map

In the history of antiquity and the Middle Ages, there were cases when entire empires disappeared from the face of the Earth. We have compiled the TOP-5 of the largest states of the past that have already disappeared, related to centenarians.

1. The Portuguese Empire, which lasted 584 years. Having the strongest military and merchant fleet, Portugal colonized the west of South America, Greenland, southern Africa and part of Hindustan.

The captured peoples did not accept the loss of sovereignty. Someone gained independence as a result of uprisings, someone was returned the right to dispose of their own country and resources under the pressure of world public opinion.

2. The little-known Khmer state, also listed in the “Disappeared States” category, lasted 630 years. Located in what is now Cambodia, it survived on war and agriculture.

Due to the lack of written evidence that has survived to this day, the reasons for the disappearance are not completely clear. Some historians argue that the arrival of Buddhism to these lands led to the decline of agriculture, and low harvests weakened the country. Other scholars hypothesize the fall of the Khmer as a result of conquest by the Thais.

3. The Ethiopian Empire, founded in 1270, kept its borders virtually unchanged until 1935. The 665-year history of the African state was interrupted by the Second World War, when the country was captured by the pro-fascist Federico Mussolini.

4. The Venetian Republic, whose history is 1100 years old, which pursued an aggressive foreign policy, itself became a victim of the occupation. Proud Venetians were forced to kneel by Napoleon, with the advent of which the republic collapsed, and Venice became part of Italy.

5. The Roman Empire takes the first place among the long-lived countries that have passed into the category of "Disappeared States". Its age is almost 1500 years.

During its heyday, the territory of the empire covered the lands on which modern Italy, Great Britain, Holland, Switzerland, Germany, Turkey, Syria, Egypt, Lebanon, and Israel are located. Peoples with such different traditions in culture and religion could not coexist peacefully within the same country. Internal conflicts caused the collapse of the great state that gave the world Virgil and Horace.

States that disappeared in the twentieth century

The 20th century also made adjustments to the world map.

In 1922, the Ottoman Empire, founded in 1299, collapsed. Speaking on the side of the Germans in the First World War, Porta signed a sentence for itself: at the end of hostilities, the victors liquidated the empire, leaving Turkey in its place and taking the rest of the provinces into their subordination.

In 1918, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which was on the side of the losing Germany, also failed, breaking up into Austria, Yugoslavia, Hungary and Czechoslovakia. A logical end for a state consisting of various ethnic groups not united by a single language and cultural traditions.

In 1992, Yugoslavia ceased to exist, in the place of which Montenegro, Slovenia, Bosnia, Croatia and Macedonia were formed. From the collapse of the country, speaking different languages, for a long time kept the strict rule of Josip Broz Tito. His death and the collapse of the world socialist system led to the collapse of the state.

In 1990, with the demolition of the Berlin Wall, the GDR disappeared, united with the FRG. Germany regained the integrity it had lost after losing in 1945.

In 1951, communist China occupied Tibet, which was under the auspices of the Dalai Lamas. Having existed as an independent state for only 38 years, Tibet is now part of the PRC, but does not leave attempts to regain sovereignty.

In 1975, Sikkim became part of India. The mini-state, located at the foot of Tibet and having no access to the sea, was of little interest to anyone from the point of view of capture, and therefore it successfully existed for more than 12 centuries. The decision to become part of India was made peacefully: it is much easier for a baby country to survive as part of a richer and more powerful neighbor.

In 1991, the USSR collapsed. We wrote about the reasons for the collapse of a huge power above.

We think that the list, which includes the disappeared countries, will still be replenished, because history is cyclical. Who is next?

Take it, tell your friends!

Stages of formation of a modern political map. Features of the modern stage.

The process of formation of the political map of the world has several millennia, so we can talk about the existence of several periods in its formation. Usually distinguished: ancient (until the 5th century AD), medieval (5th - 15th centuries), new (16th - late 19th century) and the latest periods (from the beginning of the 20th century).

Over the course of modern history, the political has changed especially actively. During the period of the Great Discoveries, the largest colonial powers were and. But with the development of manufactory production, England, France, and later the United States came to the forefront of history. This period of history was characterized by large colonial conquests in America, Asia and.

In the latest period of history, serious territorial changes are associated with the course of two world wars and the post-war reorganization of the world.

First stage(between the First and Second World Wars) was marked by the appearance on the world map of the first socialist state (the RSFSR, and later the USSR). The borders of many states have changed (some of them have increased their territory - France, in other states it has decreased). So, Germany, having lost the war, lost part of its territory (including Alsace-Lorraine) and all its colonies in Africa and Oceania. A large empire, Austria-Hungary, collapsed, and new sovereign countries formed in its place: Hungary, Czechoslovakia, the Kingdom, and Slovenes. Independence was proclaimed and. The division of the Ottoman Empire took place.

Second phase(after World War II) was characterized by significant territorial changes: on the site of the former Germany, two sovereign states were formed - the FRG and the GDR, a group of socialist states appeared in Eastern Europe, Asia and even (Cuba). Very large changes on the political map were due to the collapse of the world colonial system and the formation of a large number of independent states in Asia, Africa, Oceania, and Latin America.

Since the beginning of the 1990s, the third stage of modern history has been distinguished. Qualitatively new changes on the political map of the world, which had a great impact on the socio-economic and socio-political life of the entire world community during this period, include the collapse of the USSR in 1991. Later, most of the republics of the former Union (with the exception of three states) became part of the Commonwealth of Independent States (). Perestroika processes in the countries of Eastern Europe led to the implementation of predominantly peaceful ("velvet") people's democratic revolutions of 1989-90. in the countries of this region. In the former socialist states, there was a change in the socio-economic formation. These states embarked on the path of market transformations (“from plan to market”).

In October 1990, the two German states of the GDR and the FRG united. On the other hand, the former federal republic of Czechoslovakia broke up into two independent states - and (1993).

There was a collapse of the SFRY. The independence of the republics was proclaimed, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (as part of, and the autonomous province of Kosovo). The most acute political crisis of this former federation resulted in a civil war and ethnic conflicts that continue to this day. At the end of the 1990s, countries carried out military aggression against the FRY, as a result of which Kosovo was practically separated from it.

The process of decolonization continued throughout the world. Independence received - the last of the colonies in Africa. New sovereign states were formed: the Federated States, the Republic of the Island, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (the former "trust" territories of the United States, which received the status of states freely associated with the United States).

In 1993, the independence of the state was proclaimed (a territory that was previously one of the provinces on the coast, and even earlier, until 1945, a colony of Italy).

In 1999, under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China (PRC), (Xianggang), the former possession, and in 2000 the former Portuguese colony - Macau (Aomyn) returned. There are very few non-self-governing territories (possessions of other states) left on the modern political map of the world. These are mainly islands in and. There are also disputed territories in different regions of the world (Gibraltar, the Falkland Islands, etc.).

All changes on the political map can be divided into quantitative ones - related to territorial gains, losses, voluntary concessions. And qualitative ones - the change of one formation to another, the conquest of sovereignty, the introduction of a new state system.

The typology of the countries of the world is one of the most difficult methodological problems. It is dealt with by economists, political scientists, sociologists and representatives of other sciences.

V.V. Volsky understood the type of country as an objectively established relatively stable set of conditions inherent in it and features of development that characterize its role and place in the world community at this stage of world history.

Report on the topic "Europe"

Which country does not belong to the region Northern Europe? a) United Kingdom; b) Iceland; in) Sweden; G) Denmark; e) Finland.

Which states disappeared from the political map of Europe : a) Austria; b) Czechoslovakia; in) GDR; G) Yugoslavia.

Which countries do not belong to the Eastern Europe region? a) Poland; b) Bulgaria; in) Ukraine; G) Slovakia; e) Austria; e) San Marino.

Choose the option that correctly lists the language group and religion of Spain: a) German group-Orthodoxy: b) Romanesque group - Islam; in) Romanesque group - Catholicism; G) German group - Protestantism; e) German group - Catholicism.

This country has long been called a trendsetter, although in the geographical division of labor it is known as a supplier of cars, synthetic rubber, and sophisticated electronic products. We are talking about .... (name the country).

Which statement about Spain is true? ? a) The form of government is a republic. b) On its territory is the highest mountain peak in Europe . in) More than half of the economically active population is employed in industry. G) It is the world's largest exporter of citrus fruits and olive oil.

Match a country with its capital .

THE COUNTRY CAPITAL

a) Croatia 1 ) Dublin

b) Ireland 2) Copenhagen

in) Denmark 3) Sarajevo

4) Zagreb

Write in the table the numbers corresponding to the selected answers.

Sweden; b) France; in) Spain; G) Netherlands.

A third of the territory of this country, including the largest cities, lie below sea level. Almost two-thirds of the country's population lives on these lands. For centuries, people had to drain the land and fight floods in order to survive. Dams held back the onslaught of the sea, and excess water was pumped into canals using windmills.

In the highland province of Tyrol, there are more than 300 peaks above 3000 meters. Between the peaks are picturesque lakes, forests and meadows. The largest city in Tyrol is Innsbruck. Name the country that owns Tyrol.

Which republic is considered the smallest in Europe and the oldest?

This city was founded in 1219 on the coast of the Gulf of Finland by the Danes as a military fort. towards the middleXIV in. became a prosperous trading center, merchants from all over Europe traded in its markets. In the Old Town, many medieval buildings have been perfectly preserved (the church of St. Olai, the town hall, etc.). Now this city is a trading and fishing port, as well as the capital of a European country. Name this country and its capital.

Which of the following states is a monarchy in terms of government? a) Belgium; b) Portugal; in) Greece ; G) Finland.

Which statement about Switzerland is true? a) Switzerland is characterized by severe long winters. b) The relief of the country is predominantly mountainous. in) The country has large deposits of coal. G) The rivers of Switzerland belong to the inland flow basin.

Choose the options that correctly indicate the countries in which the agglomeration data are located: a) Milanese - France; b) Lyon - Italy; in) Upper Silesian - Czech Republic; G) Ruhr - Germany.

Find the options that correctly indicate the countries that supply labor migrants and the countries that receive them: a) Turkey-Iceland; b) Portugal - France; in) Algeria - UK; G) Ireland - Greece.

Which countries are in the EU? a) Switzerland; b) Belgium ; in) France; G) United Kingdom; e) Austria.

What features are characteristic of the Western European type of transport system? a) in terms of transportation distance, it is inferior to the transport systems of the USA and Russia; b) the frame of the land transport system is formed by highways of the meridional direction; in) the density of the transport system is very high; G) there are no transport corridors between the transport systems of Western and Eastern Europe.

Which of these features are characteristic of the North European type of agriculture? a) subtropical agriculture; b) mountain pasture sheep breeding; in) dairy farming ; G) irrigated agriculture; e) cultivation of fodder crops.

State in Central Europe. A mountainous country famous for its ski resorts, as well as recreation areas in picturesque places. Most of it lies in the Alps. The main rivers are Rhine, Rhone, Ticino. The largest lakes are Geneva and Constance. Today, watches make up the third largest export item of this country. In 1815, the Congress of Vienna secured the international status of the country and guaranteed the neutrality and inviolability of its borders. Observance of neutrality became a fundamental principle of the foreign policy of the country's government, which was confirmed during the two world wars. Adhering to this principle, the country refused to join the UN, which was confirmed by a referendum in 1986. It joined the UN only in 2002 (as an observer). The colors of the national flag are red and white. Name this country and its capital.

To which European country do the following cities belong: Parma, Naples, Milan, Venice, Turin, Florence?

The Presidency of the Council of the European Union: a) Spain; b) France; in) Belgium; G) Germany.

Name the main region of mountain tourism in Foreign Europe: a) Alps; b) Carpathians; in) Altai; G) Andes; e) Himalayas.

Which countries have the greatest natural prerequisites for forestry: a) Sweden; b) Finland; in) Norway; G) Czech Republic.

A country where mountains rise straight from the sea, where icy waters, driven by winds and currents, rise in huge waves, has a coastline equal to half the length of the equator. In the depths of crystal clear cold coastal salt waters, countless treasures lurk - seafood supplied to many countries, and the continental shelf is rich in oil and natural gas, which account for half of the export volume. This country is one of the world's largest exporters and producers of oil and natural gas. The merchant fleet is highly developed here, more than 90% of the ships of this country serve world trade.

This European country is a monarchy in form of government, bordering on land with one single country. The area of its main territory is 50 times smaller than the area of its largest island on Earth. Industry specializes mainly in the development of manufacturing industries in the presence of available qualified labor resources and in the absence of its own mineral resource base. Agriculture in a maritime temperate climate specializes in dairy cattle breeding: this country is called the "dairy farm" of Europe.

Which seas belong to the Atlantic Ocean? a) Caribbean and Black; b) White and Red; in) Barents and Arabian; G) Tasmanovo and Beringovo.

Which of the following seas washes part of the territory of Foreign Europe?

Which of the following states is a republic in terms of government? a) United Kingdom; b) Monaco; in) Norway; G) Greece.

What letter represents the Apennine Peninsula on the map of Europe? a) BUT; b) AT; in) WITH; G) D.

What letter on the political map of foreign Europe indicates the state of Iceland? a) BUT; b) AT; in) WITH; G) D.

Which language group is spoken by the majority of the population in Central and Eastern Europe? a) Germanic; b) Baltic; in) Slavic; G) Romanesque.

Which of the following cities in Western Europe is the largest in terms of population? a) Warsaw ; b) Milan; in) London ; G) Brussels.

Which of the following countries has the largest port industrial complex in Europe? a) Spain; b) Italy; in) Netherlands; G) Finland.

Greenland is a territory: a) Sweden; b) Norway; in) Denmark; G) Iceland.

Which of the following seas do not wash the territory of Foreign Europe: a) Adriatic; b) Irish; in) Baltic; G) Sargasso; e) Balearic; e) Mediterranean; g) Arabian; h) Aegean.

The Pyrenean Range, stretching for 432 km from the Bay of Biscay to the Mediterranean Sea, serves as the border between: a) Germany and France; b) France and Spain ; in) France and Italy; G) Spain and Portugal.

Ancient city on the Vltava river. It is often referred to as the "heart of Europe". It is famous for its beauty. The rich architectural heritage of this capital is fascinating. Sights of the capital: Powder Tower (Prashna Brana), Old Town Square, Old Town Hall, the monument to Jan Hus, Charles Bridge and others. Name this European capital.

It is in this country, which is part of the United Kingdom, that Edinburgh is located - the literary capital of the world. Name the country.

A semi-enclave in relation to Spain is: a) Portugal; b) France; in) Germany; G) Italy.

In which country is the highest mountain in the Alps, Mont Blanc?

Portal for the student. Self-training

Disappeared states: from antiquity to modern times

The collapse of the state: causes

Ancient states that disappeared from the world map

States that disappeared in the twentieth century

Stages of formation of a modern political map. Features of the modern stage.

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