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Batyrs of the Udmurt land Local history, grade 5 Compiled by Chumakova S.L. Teacher of history and local history MKOU "Uzinskaya OOSh"

Each nation had its own strong and courageous people who distinguished themselves in battle with enemies.

Russian bogatyrs Udmurt batyrs

The people composed heroic songs about heroic heroes and carefully passed them on from generation to generation.

In the Kama forests, in the land of silver springs and lakes, people settled, who later became known as Udmurts.

The Vatka tribes (Northern Udmurts) lived along the rivers Vyatka and Cheptsa. The territory near the Kilmez and Vala rivers was chosen by the Kalmez tribes (central Udmurts). The tribes of the southern Udmurts inhabit the territories of the Kama and Izh rivers. R. Vyatka r. Kilmez river Izh

Among the Udmurts, the settlements were called "kar" and contained the proper name of one of the heroes: Khlynov settlement (Kylno kar) Idnakar settlement Arsk settlement (Archa kar)

Each tribe had its own strong batyrs. Batyrs were like princes of their states-lands. In peacetime, the court-law was created, during the battles they went ahead of the people. There were times when the batyrs began to quarrel. In anger, they say, they threw whole logs and iron balls from one settlement to another.

Batyrs of the northern Udmurts The life of the northern batyrs as a whole did not differ from the life of ordinary people. They were also engaged in hunting, fishing, and agriculture. Each of the batyrs had their own occupation. Northern batyrs (Vatka) were very fond of settling near the mountains. In those places where they did not find a mountain to settle near it, there they took hold of a hillock with their hands and pulled it up until it became a mountain.

Dondy batyr became the leader of the Vatka tribe. He was engaged in agriculture, trade and crafts. Merchants from overseas and Russian cities came to the Grand Duke and exchanged goods.

Dondy - the oldest of the heroes, first lived in the settlement of Idnakar, then moved to Dondykar. Idna ́ (Igna, Idnat), Gurya ́, Vesya ́, Zui - the sons of Donda, lived respectively in the settlements of Idnakar, Guryakar, Vesyakar and Zuikar

Batyrs of the Central Udmurts (Kalmez) The main occupation of the Kalmez was beekeeping. Bee decks, placed in different places, they had up to several hundred. And they were also famous for their ability to weave bast shoes. Kalmez-batyrs were strong and tall people, one might say giants. From one awl, with which they weaved bast shoes, it was possible to make a plow to plow the land.

Mighty was the batyr Bursin Chunypi. As he steps, the earth trembles. His steps could be heard six miles away. Often he had to fight with the Mari. Selta batyr is the younger brother of Bursin. He took revenge on the Mari for the death of his brother with a terrible revenge: he burned their villages three times. As a result, the enemies retreated from Kilmezi to the west.

Batyrs of the southern Udmurts The southern batyrs were very strong and smart. They uprooted the trees like hemp, gathered them in a pile like brushwood. The fields and meadows are their work, they say. They cut out signs on the poles and threw them to each other: this is how they shared the news.

Batyr Yadygar became famous for his mind, heroic strength and good disposition. He lived like everyone else: he plowed the land, ran a household, had prosperity, but did not strive for wealth. Possessed a magical sword. When enemies attacked, Yadygar grabbed his magic sword, mounted a horse and rode around the enemies attacking the Udmurts. Enemies could not leave the circle without leaving their weapons behind. In the Mozhginsky regions, Mardan was an Udmurt prince. Everyone called him father. His strength was extraordinary. He walked quickly. In his settlement, he puts a cauldron on fire, and he goes hunting. While he walks, even the water does not have time to boil.

Ash-Terek was distinguished by wisdom. He knew how to resolve any disputes and strife peacefully and fairly. Although he was agile and fearless, he did not like battles. Most of all he liked to work in the field. Ash-Terek the Waterman gives a horse. In exchange for the horse, Eshterek had to give him a beautiful Tatar woman. Not wanting to give it to Vodyany, he dies in the cold waters of Kama. ZYANKA, the bride of Ash-Terek

People became more and more, more and more settled on the earth. The old batyrs were dying, and less and less often giants appeared, similar to the former batyrs. But in each clan there appeared and will appear until the human race dies, batyrs-defenders, batyrs-craftsmen, batyrs-wise men. So, it turns out that the real batyrs have not gone anywhere. They still live today. Search, so, probably, there will be batyrs among you.

Either earlier or later, but just as long ago, a hero named Donda came to Mount Soldyr from somewhere and stayed here to live. And then he had two sons - Idna and Gurya. On Soldyr, several more sons appeared in the Donda family, among them Vesya and Zuy.

Time passed, the sons grew up, and the mountain, as it was, remained the same. And finally, this large family became so crowded that it was no longer possible for everyone to live together. Then Donda took his younger sons with him and went with them upstream a small river, which from that time began to be called by his name.

Walked, walked. Not close, not far gone - about fifteen miles from the mountain. Here he founded a new settlement, which later became known as Dondykar, which means the village or settlement of Donda.

The eldest sons of Donda did not live long in the old place, and soon they became crowded: Idna remained on his father's land, and Gurya left him and settled, like his father and his younger brothers, also by the river, but only by another.

So the sons of the batyr Donda separated from their father and became independent masters-batyrs, doing what they liked. Gurya - by arable farming, Idna - by hunting, and Donda himself, although he did not leave agriculture, became more famous for fishing and trade.

Donda lived in a new place for many, many years. But his younger sons also matured and left their father's house. Donda batyrs dispersed in different directions, founded new settlements and fortresses on high hills, along the banks of rivers and forest streams. Maybe because they remembered their early childhood on Mount Soldyr, but they all really liked to settle near the mountains. In those places where they did not find a mountain to settle near it, there they took hold of a hillock with their hands and pulled it up until it became a mountain. Only after that they settled here with the same batyrs as themselves, engaged in hunting, arable farming and crafts.

The Donda batyrs were distinguished by their good disposition and complaisant character. However, it happened that they did not always get along with neighboring batyrs. Although rarely, it came to disputes, and even to battles. And those battles consisted of throwing whole logs or heavy iron weights onto the enemy’s settlement or fortress.

On the river Cheptse, below the settlement of Idna, batyrs from the squad of Donda himself lived in the settlement. Once they argued with the batyrs of Idna that the Dondinians have more strength, and better bows, and spears fly further and more accurately. They argued and argued - neither side yields. Then they decided to bet: if the arrows of the Idnakar batyrs fly beyond the borders of their possessions, then the Dondinians will give up their settlement to them and leave for a new place. If they are not able to send them so far, then the Idnakar batyrs forever give these places to the Dondins.

On the day and hour appointed for the battle, the batyrs, each from their own mountain, sent arrows towards the enemy. The arrows of the id of the Nakars did not even reach the middle of the Dondins' possessions and stuck into the ground with such force that they formed a large hillock. The Dondins shot more successfully, their arrows hit the pine trees that grew near the very walls of Idnakar. So they won the bet. From that time on, the lands received from the Idnakars began to be called Utem, that is, “winning”.

On the other side of the Cheptsy, Idna's possessions bordered on the settlement of Selty's batyrs. One hill is still called the Idnakar Gate. In winter, the batyrs of Selta put on silver skis to run to see the batyrs of Idna. Silver or whatever those skis were, but only batyrs on them in an instant swept twenty miles. That is how many of them there were between the settlements of the batyrs of Idna and Selta.

Idna-batyr

Idna-batyr, the son of Donda, lived in the area, which later became known as Idnakar after him.

Idna was engaged in one hunting, refusing to tillage, for which his father Donda and his ancestor Kyldysin were famous. He went hunting for thirty miles. To do this, he had golden skis, on which he overcame such a distance faster than the wind.

Idna caught game with snares, and beat the animals with homemade arrows from a bow.

Idna's strength was incredible. When it happened to compete in strength with other batyrs, there was no equal to him, everyone was forced to recognize his superiority.

And now Idna became proud of his strength, his dexterity, he wanted to reign over all the tribes in his land, he wanted all the batyrs to serve him and bring tribute. The proud batyrs did not like it, they began to hold council among themselves and decided to catch the proud man and teach him a lesson.

Idna had three horses - black, savrasai and piebald. To look for such horses - not to find: strong, hardy, fast. They always saved Idna from her pursuers. For them it cost nothing to gallop a hundred miles without a break.

All this was learned by the batyrs, who were entrusted with catching Idna. They did not chase after Idna: they would kill their horses, but they still would not catch up with Idna. So they decided to ambush him.

Once they managed to find out which road Idna would take. They sawed the bridge across the river in advance, sat in the bushes, and waited.

Here Idna reached the bridge on a crow, but in front of the bridge she suddenly refused to obey her master. Then Idna changed to Savrasu. But this one did not go to the bridge either. Idna moved to a piebald, she rushed him across the bridge, but in the middle, along with the rider, fell into the river.

How the batyrs taught Idna a lesson, no one knows. However, it is known that as if Idna, falling, managed to exclaim: "A piebald horse is only a horseless horse."

Vatka and Calmez

Once upon a time, to the north of the possessions of the Donda tribe, the batyrs of the Kalmez tribe lived. They came here because of the Kilmez River. At that time there were large pine forests. The main occupation of the Kalmes was beekeeping. And they were also famous for their ability to weave bast shoes.

The Kalmezes were strong and tall people, one might say - giants, although not like the Alangasars. From one cat, with which they weaved bast shoes, it was possible to make a coulter to plow the ground. Their bast shoes themselves were an arshin long.

The Kalmezes settled not crowded, one by one, two by two. One day, two Kalmez settled in a dense forest between two rivers and built a hut for themselves.

Those Calmeses had sledges, the runners of which were one and a half fathoms long. A box with high legs was fitted on the sled, in which they collected honey from forest bees. The Kalmez did not have horses, and therefore such sleighs with a box - both empty and filled to the top with honey - were carried by the Kalmez themselves. More than fifteen pounds fit in that box. The Calmes dragged the sled not over the snow, but over the ground. That's how strong they were! Bee decks, placed in different places, they had up to several hundred.

For a long time and peacefully lived two Kalmez. But one day the calm life came to an end. From the side of the Vyatka River, the Vatka tribe came here and little by little began to force out all the Kalmez.

One batyr from the Vatka tribe got to these two Kalmezes. He liked the place, and he decided to settle here, and ordered the Calmes to get out of here. Those have lived here for a long time and stubborn. A dispute ensued.

The Kalmezes, making concessions, agreed to live with Vatka, but he did not want to hear about it. Vatka convinced that it is better for one tribe to live here. And it turned out that this tribe should be only the Watka tribe.

They argued and argued and got nowhere. Then they agreed that the three of them would go through the possessions of the Calmeses and inspect them together.

Let's go, let's go. At the confluence of two small rivers, night caught them. Travelers had no choice but to spend the night by the fire. And so they did. We prepared a place for ourselves to sleep, covering it with spruce branches of fir, went to bed. One Calmez, as soon as he lay down, immediately fell asleep in a heroic dream, and the other did not fall asleep, he only pretended to be asleep. Meanwhile, he himself followed every movement of Vatka. And not in vain.

At night, Vatka slowly got up, listened to see if the Kalmezes were fast asleep. The one who wasn't sleeping even snored for the sake of appearances. Let him think that he is fast asleep. He really wanted to know what Vatka would do next. Maybe he thought he would give up his idea and go away.

But Vatka had something completely different in mind. He stealthily took the cudgel, looked to see if he was fast asleep, and, swinging, wanted to hit the sleeping Calmez. But he did not have time: the second Calmez took away the club from Vatka. He did not take his eyes off him and jumped up with a noiseless lightning, seeing a club in his hands. What happened after, and where Vatka went, no one knows.

Later, all the Kalmez themselves left that area for the Izh River, but the fleece remained. However, the Udmurts still revere those ancient Kalmez strongmen and cherish their memory.

Batyr Yadygar

In ancient times, batyrs had to defend themselves from enemy raids. It was then that their leader Yadygar appeared.

The people themselves called Yadygar the leader after he glorified himself with his mind, heroic strength and good disposition. Having become a leader, Yadygar lived like everyone else: he plowed the land, ran a household, had prosperity, but did not strive for wealth.

And Yadygar had two horses - piebald and red. A frisky, swift-footed skewbald horse could, without understanding the road, rush about in a whirlwind. In terms of running speed, he, perhaps, had no equal. The redhead, although he galloped with all his might, still remained behind. But he was smarter: he always bypassed a dangerous place.

Yadygar also had an amazing sword. When enemies attacked, he mounted a swift-footed horse and rode like a whirlwind around the enemy crowd. Thanks to the cherished sword, the enemies could no longer go beyond the circle without leaving a weapon. Coming out of it, they never fought again. So the sword helped to defeat the enemies who came to conquer the lands where the batyr tribes settled.

But Yadygar did not always take this cherished sword with him. Treasuring them, he, returning from the battlefield, hid the sword in a chest and, in a hurry, did not have time to get it out of there. In this case, he agreed with his wife that he would send her a messenger for a pie. She had to give the messenger a cake, inside of which lay an amazing sword. The wife did just that.

Hearing about the attack, Yadygar took both horses with him: on a red horse he went into battle, and on a piebald he sent a messenger for a “pie”. If a batyr, for example, ran out of bread, then he was delivered hot on a piebald horse. Thirty - forty miles he raced so that the bread did not have time to cool.

But Yadygar's wife died. He grieved, he grieved, but where one could manage the housework, he married again. As soon as he brought the new mistress into the house, a messenger galloped up to him: enemies attacked a related settlement twenty miles away.

Yadygar jumped on a piebald horse, shouted to the red-haired one to keep up, and rushed to the battlefield, forgetting the cherished sword in a hurry. So he appeared there, the enemies, seeing Yadygar, immediately retreated five miles. Deciding that they admitted they were defeated, Yadygar turned his army home.

Enemies, noticing that no one was going to pursue them, thought that the Udmurts refused to fight, got scared. Then they attacked the village again. An unequal battle ensued: Yadygar had already managed to disband his army, but the sword was not with him. It was then that he sent a messenger on a piebald horse to his wife for a "pie." The second wife did not yet know the habits of Yadygar, and she did not differ in intelligence, and therefore she did not remember the sword when a messenger from Yadygar rode up to her. She handed over a hot cake for her husband - both tasty and baked, but without what the leader needed most of all - without a sword.

Yadygar was defeated. In order to finally defeat Yadygar's army and deal with him himself, the enemies destroyed all the bridges on his way. At the last, largest bridge, they cut the piles and waited.

Yadygar did not think about a possible trap and rushed across the bridge on a red horse. However, he did not obey and, sensing danger, stepped back. Then Yadygar jumped onto a piebald horse. Before the batyr had time to reach the middle of the bridge, it collapsed. Yadygar had no choice but to engage in single combat with his pursuers. He began to throw logs from the destroyed bridge at them. The enemies did not dare to approach him until, log by log, he threw everything at them to the last. But here Yadygar began to pull out the piles. Only then did the enemies approach him and seize him.

Then Yadygar said:

A skewbald horse is not a horse, a second wife is not a wife.

So the enemies defeated the batyr Yadygar. And his cherished sword to this day, they say, has not lost its power. Only no one knows where that sword is. Maybe he is not hidden from human eyes, maybe someone is holding him in his hands. But, according to the covenant, he can acquire his amazing strength only from a good-natured peace-loving leader.

Our ancestors often had to defend their lands from enemies. Russians and Udmurts were famous for their strong and courageous people. Such people were loved, songs were composed about them. Among the Russians, these were heroes, among the Udmurts, they were batyrs.

Three famous Russian heroes, Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich, have been especially preserved in the memory of the people.

Since ancient times, the exploits of heroes live in our memory, their names are not forgotten. At all times, our ancestors passionately loved their homeland, and therefore defended it with all the heroic strength from enemies and uninvited guests.

Ilya Muromets, peasant son. He defeated the Nightingale the Robber, freed people from captivity, fought to victory with the enemy. Dobrynya Nikitich, the son of a military governor, defeated the enemy not only with strength, but also with his mind. He played chess with the Tatar Khan and won a “good horse and a golden treasury” from him, and then beat the entire Tatar army. Alyosha Popovich, the son of a priest, defeated the enemies with ingenuity, dexterity and courage.

People composed epics about heroes-heroes.

Epics - heroic songs about heroes, passed down from generation to generation.

Batyr - hero, strongman.

And among the Udmurts there are many legends about heroes-batyrs.

With one hand, batyrs are able to raze a mountain to the ground. Batyrs throw heavy iron weights and logs from the top of one mountain to the top of another. The arrows fired from their bows, crashing into the ground, form hills. Batyrs on golden skis fly like the wind. The voice of the batyr shakes everything around, the earth trembles, trees fall.

The northern Udmurts told about the heroes Donda, Idna, and the southern Udmurts - about Tutoy, Ash-Terek, Yadygar.

The life of the heroes-batyrs as a whole did not differ from the life of ordinary people. They were also engaged in hunting, fishing, farming, often it was they or their children who were the initiators of this or that trade. Each of the batyrs had his own occupation: Gurya cut down forests and plowed the land, Idna was a hunter, and the old man Donda was engaged in agriculture. They were powerful and strong. They possessed extraordinary physical strength: they pulled hillocks with their hands to the size of a mountain; they cleared the forests with their bare hands; they threw stones from slings or whole logs from one settlement to another; archery from one city to another; made tools and weapons of unusual size and quality.

Dondy batyr. One day, an Udmurt batyr named Dondy came to Mount Soldyr. Near a small river he founded the town of Dondykar. Donda's main occupation is trading. He rode around on his horse, which could jump across the river without needing bridges. And Dondy lived to a ripe old age. Before his death, he turned into a white swan. And in this image, he patronizes all Udmurts who do not forget to remember him.

Idna batyr is the eldest son of Donda-batyr. He was into hunting. Idna hunted with a bow and homemade arrows. He had golden skis, on which he covered the distance faster than the wind. Idna had three horses. They always saved Idna from her pursuers. He founded the city of Idnakar, which is located near the modern city of Glazov. Now, on the site of the settlement, there is an open-air museum.

Yadygar batyr. In ancient times, a defender-batyr named Yadygar appeared among the Udmurts. He had two horses: piebald (spotted) and red. Yadygar was famous for his heroic strength. He had an amazing sword. He took a sword in his hands, mounted a fast horse and galloped around the enemies who attacked the Udmurts. Enemies could not leave the circle. If anyone succeeded, he could no longer fight. This is how the Udmurts defeated their enemies. Yadygar batyr was remembered for a long time by the Udmurts and is sometimes remembered now.

Fairy-tale giants degenerated, ordinary people settled the earth. But the batyrs did not die. In every clan-tribe they are, ordinary-looking people, but with unique skills, wisdom and knowledge.

We faithfully serve the Fatherland,

You are one of the sons.

Grow so that you are needed

Dear to your Motherland.

There is nothing better, more beautiful

Dear Motherland of yours!

Look back at our ancestors

On the heroes of the past.

Remember them with a kind word -

Glory to them, the fighters are harsh,

Glory to our side!

Glory to our antiquity!

Students of the Sarapul Pedagogical College.

Our ancestors often had to defend their lands from enemies. Russians and Udmurts were famous for their strong and courageous people. Such people were loved, songs were composed about them. Among the Russians, these were heroes, among the Udmurts, they were batyrs.

Three famous Russian heroes, Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich, have been especially preserved in the memory of the people.

Since ancient times, the exploits of heroes live in our memory, their names are not forgotten. At all times, our ancestors passionately loved their homeland, and therefore defended it with all the heroic strength from enemies and uninvited guests.

Ilya Muromets, peasant son. He defeated the Nightingale the Robber, freed people from captivity, fought to victory with the enemy. Dobrynya Nikitich, the son of a military governor, defeated the enemy not only with strength, but also with his mind. He played chess with the Tatar Khan and won a “good horse and a golden treasury” from him, and then beat the entire Tatar army. Alyosha Popovich, the son of a priest, defeated the enemies with ingenuity, dexterity and courage.

People composed epics about heroes-heroes.

Epics - heroic songs about heroes, passed down from generation to generation.

Batyr - hero, strongman.

And among the Udmurts there are many legends about heroes-batyrs.

With one hand, batyrs are able to raze a mountain to the ground. Batyrs throw heavy iron weights and logs from the top of one mountain to the top of another. The arrows fired from their bows, crashing into the ground, form hills. Batyrs on golden skis fly like the wind. The voice of the batyr shakes everything around, the earth trembles, trees fall.

The northern Udmurts told about the heroes Donda, Idna, and the southern Udmurts - about Tutoy, Ash-Terek, Yadygar.

The life of the heroes-batyrs as a whole did not differ from the life of ordinary people. They were also engaged in hunting, fishing, farming, often it was they or their children who were the initiators of this or that trade. Each of the batyrs had his own occupation: Gurya cut down forests and plowed the land, Idna was a hunter, and the old man Donda was engaged in agriculture. They were powerful and strong. They possessed extraordinary physical strength: they pulled hillocks with their hands to the size of a mountain; they cleared the forests with their bare hands; they threw stones from slings or whole logs from one settlement to another; archery from one city to another; made tools and weapons of unusual size and quality.

Dondy batyr. One day, an Udmurt batyr named Dondy came to Mount Soldyr. Near a small river he founded the town of Dondykar. Donda's main occupation is trading. He rode around on his horse, which could jump across the river without needing bridges. And Dondy lived to a ripe old age. Before his death, he turned into a white swan. And in this image, he patronizes all Udmurts who do not forget to remember him.

Idna batyr is the eldest son of Donda-batyr. He was into hunting. Idna hunted with a bow and homemade arrows. He had golden skis, on which he covered the distance faster than the wind. Idna had three horses. They always saved Idna from her pursuers. He founded the city of Idnakar, which is located near the modern city of Glazov. Now, on the site of the settlement, there is an open-air museum.

Yadygar batyr. In ancient times, a defender-batyr named Yadygar appeared among the Udmurts. He had two horses: piebald (spotted) and red. Yadygar was famous for his heroic strength. He had an amazing sword. He took a sword in his hands, mounted a fast horse and galloped around the enemies who attacked the Udmurts. Enemies could not leave the circle. If anyone succeeded, he could no longer fight. This is how the Udmurts defeated their enemies. Yadygar batyr was remembered for a long time by the Udmurts and is sometimes remembered now.

Fairy-tale giants degenerated, ordinary people settled the earth. But the batyrs did not die. In every clan-tribe they are, ordinary-looking people, but with unique skills, wisdom and knowledge.

We faithfully serve the Fatherland,

You are one of the sons.

Grow so that you are needed

Dear to your Motherland.

There is nothing better, more beautiful

Dear Motherland of yours!

Look back at our ancestors

On the heroes of the past.

Remember them with a kind word -

Glory to them, the fighters are harsh,

Glory to our side!

Glory to our antiquity!

Students of the Sarapul Pedagogical College.

On May 28, a festival of talented students of the Igrinskaya secondary school No. 1 “Success of the year” took place in the recreation center and recreation center “Neftyanik”.
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Theater "Young Man" in the framework of the special project "Hurrah, holidays!" all June will play performances for children.
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