Condensation(Late Latin condensatio- condensation, from Latin condenso condense, thicken) - the transition of a substance from a gaseous state to a liquid or solid state due to its cooling or compression. Vapor condensation is possible only at temperatures below the critical temperature for a given substance. Condensation, as well as the reverse process - evaporation, is an example of phase transformations of matter (first-order phase transitions). During condensation, the same amount of heat is released that was spent on the evaporation of the condensed substance. Rain, snow, dew, frost - all these natural phenomena are the result of the condensation of water vapor in the atmosphere.

Types of condensation

Two modes of surface condensation are known: film and drip. The first is observed during condensation on a wetted surface, it is characterized by the formation of a continuous film of condensate. On non-wetted surfaces, condensate forms as separate droplets. With drop condensation, the intensity of heat transfer is much higher than with film condensation, since a continuous condensate film makes heat transfer difficult.

The rate of surface condensation is the higher, the lower the surface temperature compared to the saturation temperature of the vapor at a given pressure. The presence of another gas reduces the rate of surface condensation, since the gas makes it difficult for steam to reach the cooling surface. In the presence of non-condensable gases, condensation begins when the vapor at the cooling surface reaches the partial pressure and temperature corresponding to the saturation state (dew point).

Condensation can also occur inside the volume of steam (vapor-gas mixture). For bulk condensation to begin, the vapor must be appreciably supersaturated. The measure of supersaturation is the vapor pressure ratio p to saturated steam pressure ps , which is in equilibrium with a liquid or solid phase having a flat surface. The steam is supersaturated if p/ps > 1 , at p/ps = 1 steam is saturated. Degree of supersaturation p/ps needed to get started. Condensation depends on the content of the smallest dust particles (aerosols) in the vapor, which are ready-made centers, or nuclei, of condensation. The purer the steam, the higher the initial degree of supersaturation should be. Condensation centers can also serve as electrically charged particles, in particular ionized atoms. This is the basis, for example, of the operation of a number of nuclear physics instruments.

Application

Condensation is widely used in engineering: in energy (for example, in steam turbine condensers), in chemical technology (for example, in the separation of substances by fractional condensation), in refrigeration and cryogenic technology, in desalination plants, etc. The liquid formed during condensation , is called

Condensation of water vapor in the air over a cup of hot water

Condensation occurs in many heat exchangers (for example, in fuel oil heaters at thermal power plants), in desalination plants, and in technological apparatuses (distillation apparatuses). The most important application in thermal power plants is steam turbine condensers. In them, condensation occurs on water-cooled pipes. To increase the efficiency of the thermodynamic cycle of a thermal power plant, it is important to reduce the condensation temperature (due to a decrease in pressure), and usually it is close to the temperature of the cooling water (up to 25÷30°C).

Condensation is a process, in a certain sense, the reverse of boiling. But with condensation, the problem of increasing heat transfer is more important in order to ensure rapid heat removal at low temperature differences.

Types of condensation

Condensation can occur in the volume (fog, rain) and on the cooled surface. In heat exchangers - condensation on the cooled surface. We will consider it further. Of course, with such condensation, the wall surface temperature Tw must be less than the saturation temperature Ts, i.e., Tw< Ts. В свою очередь, конденсация на охлаждаемой поверхности может быть двух видов:

• Film condensation- takes place when a liquid wets the surface (liquid - wetting, surface - wetted, these properties are studied in the Physics course), then the condensate forms a continuous film.

• drip condensation– when condensate is a non-wetting liquid and collects on the surface in droplets that quickly drain, leaving almost the entire surface clean.

With film condensation, heat transfer is much less due to the thermal resistance of the film (the film interferes with the removal of heat from the steam to the wall). Unfortunately, drip condensation is difficult to implement– non-wettable materials and coatings (for example, such as fluoroplast) do not conduct heat themselves well. And the use of additives - water repellents (for water such as oil, kerosene) turned out to be ineffective. Therefore, usually film condensation occurs in heat exchangers . Water repellent, hydrophobicity - from the Greek "hydör" - "water" and "phóbos" - fear. That is, hydrophobic - the same as water-repellent, non-wettable. Such additives for arbitrary liquids are called lyophobizers.

The term “stationary steam” in this case implies the absence of significant forced movement (of course, free-convective movement will take place).

A film of condensate forms on the surface of the wall. It flows down, while its thickness grows due to the ongoing condensation (Fig. ...). Due to the thermal resistance of the film, the wall temperature is noticeably lower than the temperature of the film surface, and on this surface there is a small jump in the temperatures of condensate and steam (for water, the jump is usually of the order of 0.02–0.04 K). The temperature of the vapor in the volume is slightly higher than the saturation temperature.

At first, the film moves in a stable laminar direction laminar flow. Then waves appear on it (with a relatively large step, running through the film and collecting the accumulated condensate, since in a thicker layer in the wave the speed of movement is greater, and such a flow regime is energetically more favorable than the steady one). it laminar wave mode. Further, with a large amount of condensate, the mode may become turbulent.

On vertical pipes, the picture is similar to the case of a vertical wall.

On a horizontal pipe, the heat transfer of condensation is higher than on a vertical one (due to the lower average film thickness). With moving steam, heat transfer increases, especially when the film is blown off.

In the case of tube bundles (in particular, in condensers), the following features take place:

1) The vapor velocities decrease as it passes through the beam due to its condensation.

2) In horizontal bundles, condensate flows from pipe to pipe, on the one hand, increasing the thickness of the film on the lower pipes, which reduces heat transfer, on the other hand, the fall of condensate drops disturbs the film on the lower pipes, increasing heat transfer.

Intensification of heat transfer in condensers

The main way of intensification is to reduce the film thickness by removing it from the heat exchange surface. For this purpose, condensate caps or twisted ribs are installed on vertical pipes. For example, caps installed in increments of 10 cm increase heat transfer by 2–3 times. Low ribs are placed on horizontal pipes, along which condensate quickly flows. The steam supply is effective in thin streams that destroy the film (heat transfer increases by 3–10 times).

Influence of admixture of gases on condensation

When steam moves, this influence is much less, but all the same, in industrial installations, air has to be pumped out of the condensers (otherwise it occupies the volume of the apparatus). And they try to exclude his presence in the pair altogether.

Since condensation is the reverse process to boiling, the basic calculation formula is essentially the same as for boiling:

G = Q / γ (\displaystyle G=Q/\gamma )

where G is the amount of condensate formed (condensing steam), kg/s;

Q is the heat flux removed from the wall, W;

γ is the heat of phase transition, J/kg.

This formula does not take into account the heat of steam cooling to saturation temperature t s and subsequent cooling of the condensate. It is easy to take them into account at known temperatures of steam at the inlet and condensate at the outlet. But, in contrast to the case of boiling, it is difficult to estimate the value of Q here even approximately due to the small temperature difference of heat transfer (from steam to the coolant that cools the wall). Formulas for various cases of condensation are available in textbooks and reference books.

Saturated vapor condensation

In the presence of a liquid phase of a substance, condensation occurs at arbitrarily small supersaturations and very quickly. In this case, a mobile equilibrium arises between the evaporating liquid and the condensing vapors. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation determines the parameters of this equilibrium - in particular, the release of heat during condensation and cooling during evaporation.

Supersaturated steam condensation

The presence of supersaturated steam is possible in the following cases:

• the absence of a liquid or solid phase of the same substance.
• absence condensation nuclei- solid particles or liquid droplets suspended in the atmosphere, as well as ions (the most active condensation nuclei).
• condensation in an atmosphere of another gas - in this case, the rate of condensation is limited by the rate of diffusion of vapors from the gas to the surface of the liquid.

solid state condensation

Condensation, bypassing the liquid phase, occurs through the formation of small crystals (desublimation). This is possible if the vapor pressure is below the pressure at the triple point at a reduced temperature.

Condensation on windows

Condensation on the glass occurs during the cold season. Condensation on windows occurs as the surface temperature drops below the dew point temperature. The dew point temperature depends on the temperature and humidity of the air in the room. The reason for the formation of condensate on the windows can be both an excessive increase in humidity inside the room caused by a violation of ventilation, and low heat-insulating properties of a double-glazed window, a metal-plastic frame, a window box, an incorrect installation depth of a window in a homogeneous wall, an incorrect installation depth relative to the wall insulation layer, in the complete absence, or in poor-quality insulation of window slopes.

Steam condensation in pipes

As the steam passes through the pipe, it gradually condenses and a film of condensate forms on the walls. In this case, the steam flow rate G" and its velocity, due to a decrease in the mass of steam, decrease along the length of the pipe, and the condensate flow rate G increases. The main feature of the condensation process in pipes is the presence of a dynamic interaction between the steam flow and the film. The condensate film is also affected by gravity. As a result, depending on the orientation of the pipe in space and the speed of steam, the nature of the movement of condensate can be different.In vertical pipes, when steam moves from top to bottom, the forces of gravity and the dynamic effect of the steam flow coincide in direction and the condensate film flows down.In short pipes, at a low speed of steam The flow of the film is mainly determined by the force of gravity, similar to the case of condensation of a stationary vapor on a vertical wall. The intensity of heat transfer turns out to be the same. With an increase in the speed of steam, the intensity of heat transfer increases. This is due to a decrease in the thickness of the condensate film, which, under the influence of steam sweat the eye runs faster. In long pipes at high steam speeds, the picture of the process becomes more complicated. Under these conditions, a partial separation of the liquid from the film surface and the formation of a vapor-liquid mixture in the core of the flow are observed. In this case, the influence of gravity is gradually lost, and the regularities of the process cease to depend on the orientation of the pipe in space. In horizontal pipes, at not very high steam flow rates, the interaction of gravity and steam friction on the film leads to a different flow pattern. Under the influence of gravity, the condensate film flows down the inner surface of the pipe. Here the condensate accumulates and forms a stream. This movement is superimposed by the movement of condensate in the longitudinal direction under the influence of the steam flow. As a result, the intensity of heat transfer turns out to be variable along the circumference of the pipe: it is higher in the upper part than in the lower one. Due to the flooding of the lower part of the cross section of a horizontal pipe with condensate, the average heat transfer rate at low steam velocities can be even lower than when stationary steam condenses outside a horizontal pipe of the same diameter.

). Condensation occurs at isothermal. compression, adiabatic expansion and cooling or at the same time. lowering it and t-ry, which leads to the fact that condensers. the phase becomes thermodynamically more stable than the gaseous phase. If at the same time the t-ra is higher than in for a given w-va, (liquefaction) is formed, if lower - the w-in passes into a solid state, bypassing the liquid (desublimation). To condensation is widely used in chem. technologies for separating mixtures by means of, during and cleaning in-in, etc., in, for example. in condensers of steam turbines, in refrigeration for the condensation of the working fluid, in desalination. installations, etc. When condensing in narrow pores, the latter can absorb a lot. quantity in-va from the gas phase (see). The consequence of water condensation is rain, snow, dew, hoarfrost. liquid condensation. In the case of condensation in volume or vapor-gas mixture (homogeneous condensation) condenser. the phase is formed in the form of small droplets (fog) or small droplets. This requires the presence of condensation centers, which can serve as very small droplets (nuclei) formed as a result of fluctuations in the density of the gas phase, dust particles and particles that carry an electric charge. charge(). In the absence of condensation centers, it can last for a long time. time to be in the so-called. metastable (supersaturated) state. Stable homog. condensation begins at the so-called. critical supersaturation P kp =p to /p n where p to - equilibrium corresponding to critical. the diameter of the embryos, pH - sat. over a flat surface (eg, for water in, cleared of solid particles or, P cr \u003d 5-8). Fog formation is observed both in nature and in technology. devices, for example. when cooling the gas-vapor mixture due to radiation, wet. Condensation on a saturated or overheated surface occurs at a surface temperature that is less than the saturation temperature when it is in equilibrium above it. It is observed in many industries. devices, to-rye are used for the condensation of target products, heating decomp. environments, separation of steam and vapor-gas mixtures, cooling of wet, etc. When liquefied on a surface that is well wetted by condensate, a continuous film is formed (film condensation); on a surface that is not wetted by condensate or partially wetted - individual drops (drip condensation); on surfaces with inhomogeneous properties (for example, on polished metal with oxidized contaminated areas) - zones covered with a film of condensate and drops (mixed condensation). With film condensation of pure coefficients. heat transfer is determined in the main. thermal the resistance of the condensate film, which depends on the mode of its flow. The latter, in the case of a practically immobile film, is determined by the Reynolds number of the film: Re pl \u003d w d / v k, where w, d - resp. cross-sectional velocity and thickness of the condensate film, v k - kinematic. condensate. For condensation on a vertical or pipe at Re pl less than 5-8, the film flow is purely laminar, when these values ​​are exceeded, Re pl is laminar-wave, with Re pl >> 350-400 - turbulent. On vertical surfaces it means. heights, areas with dec. condensate film flow regimes. In laminar flow, an increase in Re pl with increasing film thickness leads to a decrease in the coefficient. heat transfer, with turbulent flow - to its increase. If overheated, condensation is accompanied by convective heat transfer from to the condensate, the surface temperature of which is practically equal to the saturation temperature at. For in-in with a large heat of condensation (for example,) the heat of superheat is usually insignificant compared to the heat of condensation, and it can be neglected. In the case of film condensation of a moving tangential stress on the interface, due to interfacial and momentum transfer by condensed particles, which are attached to the condensate film, causes an increase in speed and a decrease in film thickness with a downward flow, as a result of which the coefficient. heat transfer increases. At higher steam flow rates, its impact on the condensate film can lead not only to a change in its velocity and thickness, but also to flow disturbance (wave formation, turbulization), which intensifies heat transfer in the film. If the flow is directed upwards, the movement of the laminar condensate film is retarded, its thickness increases and the coefficient heat transfer decreases as the speed increases until the action of the interfacial causes the so-called. reversed (upward) flow of the condensate film. During condensation moving inside the pipe (channel) flow regimes and the nature of the interaction. vapor and liquid phases can vary significantly as a result of changes in the rate of formation of condensate velocity, shear stress on the interfacial surface and Re pl. At high speeds (when the effect of gravity on the condensate film is negligible and its flow is determined by the main force ) local and average coefficients along the length of the pipe. heat transfers do not depend on spaces. pipe orientation. If the forces of gravity and are commensurate, the conditions of condensation are determined by the angle of inclination of the pipe and the mutual direction of phase movement. In the case of condensation inside a horizontal pipe and low speed, an annular condensate film is formed only on the top, part of the inner surface of the pipe. On the bottom part, a "stream" appears, in the zone of which, as a result of the relatively large thickness of the layer, the heat transfer is much less intense than in the rest of the area. In the case of condensation on a bundle of horizontal pipes, the flow rate of the flowing condensate increases from top to bottom due to the leakage of condensate from the overlying pipes to the underlying ones, and the flow rate along its path decreases. In a bundle with a constant or relatively slightly decreasing in height free cross section between the pipes, the downward flow rate gradually decreases, and the condensate flows from the top to the bottom pipes. Initially, this leads to a decrease in local coefficients. heat transfer (averaged over the perimeter of the pipes) with an increase in the number of the horizontal row of pipes counted from above. However, starting from a certain series, as a result of the leakage of condensate, the flow of the film is perturbed and its thermal. resistance is reduced. Thanks to this, the coefficient heat transfer can stabilize, and with an increasing effect of the perturbation of the film flow on the lower. tubes - increase with increasing number of the row. The intensification of heat transfer during film condensation can be achieved by profiling its surface (for example, using the so-called finely wavy surface), which helps to reduce the average thickness of the condensate film, creating on the surface of the arts, roughness, leading to tourniquet bulization of the film, exposure to it with a dielectric. liquid phase (eg, during condensation) electrostatic. field, suction of condensate through a porous surface, etc. When condensing a liquid, the liquid phase is very high. Therefore, the share of thermal. resistance of the condensate film in the total resistance to heat transfer is negligible, and interfacial thermal is decisive. resistance due to molecular kinetic. effects at the interface. Sometimes film condensation on the surface is accompanied by homog. condensation in the layer adjacent to the interface. If a the formation of fog is undesirable in this case (for example, in the production of H 2 SO 4 by the nitrous method or when capturing volatile solvents), the process is carried out at max. supersaturation below P cr. During drop condensation, the primary small drops formed on a dry vertical or inclined surface grow as a result of the continuation of the process, the merging of closely spaced and touching drops and pulling the condensate that arises between the drops and quickly bursts to them. The droplets that have reached the "separation" diameter flow down, uniting (coalescing) with the underlying small drops, after which small drops form again on the released surface, and the cycle repeats. Conditions that determine the spontaneous occurrence of droplet condensation are rarely observed. Usually, for the implementation of drop condensation, a thin layer of a lyophobizer is applied to a solid surface - in-va, which has a low and non-wettable condensate (for example,). In the case of drip condensation, the coefficient heat transfer is much higher (5-10 times or more) than with film. However, maintenance under operating conditions prom. devices for stable drip condensation is difficult. Therefore, the condensate chemical devices. prom-sti, as a rule, work in the mode of film condensation. Condensation on the surface of the same in-va occurs in technol. devices on the surface of dispersed (for example, with the help of spray, nozzles) jets supplied to the volume or flowing down. or distribution on allows you to strongly develop the surface of the phase contact. In some cases, condensation is observed when entering the volume in the form of jets or bubbles (bubbling), as well as during the formation of steam bubbles in the volume, for example. during cavitation. To condensation from a mixture of it with non-condensable (or non-condensable at a given temperature) on the surface

Dictionary of medical terms

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov

condensation

condensation, w. (specialist.). Action on verb. condense and condense. electricity condensation. Condensation of vapor (turning it into a liquid).

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova.

condensation

[de], -i, f. (specialist.).

The transition of a substance from a gaseous state to a liquid or crystalline state. K. couple.

Accumulation in some quantity. K. energy.

adj. condensation, -th, -th.

New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

condensation

Accumulation of something in some quantity.

The transition of a substance from a gaseous state to a liquid or solid state due to cooling or compression.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

condensation

CONDENSATION (from late Latin condensatio - compaction, thickening) the transition of a substance from a gaseous state to a liquid or solid. Condensation is possible only at temperatures below the critical temperature.

Condensation

(Late Latin condensatio ≈ condensation, from the Latin condenso I condense, condense), the transition of a substance from a gaseous state to a liquid or solid due to its cooling or compression. K. steam is possible only at temperatures below the critical one for a given substance (see Critical state). K., like the reverse process - evaporation, is an example of phase transformations of matter (phase transitions of the 1st kind). K. releases the same amount of heat that was expended on the evaporation of the condensed substance. Rain, snow, dew, frost - all these natural phenomena are the result of the condensation of water vapor in the atmosphere. C. is widely used in engineering: in the power industry (for example, in condensers of steam turbines), in chemical technology (for example, in the separation of substances by the method of fractionated condensation), in refrigeration and cryogenic technology, in desalination plants, etc. The liquid formed during K., is called condensate. In technology, k. is usually carried out on cooled surfaces. There are two known regimes of surface K.: film and drip. The first is observed during condensation on a wetted surface; it is characterized by the formation of a continuous film of condensate. On non-wetted surfaces, condensate forms as separate droplets. With drip condensate, the intensity of heat transfer is much higher than with film condensate, since a continuous film of condensate hinders heat transfer (see Boiling).

The rate of surface vaporization is the higher, the lower the surface temperature is compared with the saturation temperature of the vapor at a given pressure. The presence of another gas reduces the speed of surface cooling, since the gas hinders the flow of steam to the cooling surface. In the presence of non-condensable gases, cooling begins when the vapor at the cooling surface reaches the partial pressure and temperature corresponding to the state of saturation (dew point).

K. can also occur inside the volume of steam (vapor-gas mixture). To begin with, volumetric K. vapor must be noticeably supersaturated. The measure of supersaturation is the ratio of vapor pressure p to the pressure of saturated vapor ps, which is in equilibrium with a liquid or solid phase having a flat surface. Steam is supersaturated if p/ps > 1, if p/ps = 1 the steam is saturated. The degree of supersaturation p/ps needed to start. K., depends on the content in the pair of the smallest dust particles (aerosols), which are ready-made centers, or nuclei, K. The purer the steam, the higher the initial degree of supersaturation should be. The centers of K. can also serve as electrically charged particles, in particular ionized atoms. This is the basis, for example, of the operation of a number of instruments in nuclear physics (see cloud chamber).

Lit .: Kikoin I. K. and Kikoin A. K., Molecular Physics, M., 1963; Isachenko V. P., Osipova V. A., Sukomel A. S., Heat transfer, 2nd ed., M., 1969; Kutateladze S. S., Heat transfer during condensation and boiling, 2nd ed., M.≈L., 1952.

D. A. Labuntsov.

Wikipedia

Condensation (disambiguation)

• Condensation.
• Condensation.
• Condensation.
• Condensation reaction
• Claisen condensation
• Knoevenagel condensation
• Bose-Einstein condensation
• Dodgson condensation

Condensation

Condensation vapor - the transition of a substance into a liquid or solid state from a gaseous state (the reverse of the latter process is called sublimation). The maximum temperature below which condensation occurs is called the critical temperature. The steam from which condensation can occur is either saturated or unsaturated.

Condensation (chemistry)

Condensation reaction- the reaction of the formation of large molecules from molecules with a lower molecular weight, proceeding with the elimination of atoms or atomic groups; for example, phenol-formaldehyde resins are the product of the condensation of phenol with formaldehyde.

Examples of the use of the word condensation in the literature.

Carl was leaning over the table, he was putting the record into the condenser oven for up to condensation, he was going to click the shutter and move away, after that Erwin had to focus the beam generator into the crucible of the furnace and turn on condensation.

The Englishman Wilson used a condensation chamber in such a way that in it the paths of the nuclei of atoms and other charged particles became visible to the human eye in the form of traces condensation.

Many times I drew for myself synthetic meat mushrooms, and pies stuffed with artificial cheeses, and fried fish fillets from our underground chemical plants, and fatty meat sausages, a product of multi-stage wood processing, and the freshest pink ham with tender fat, obtained as a result of condensation combustible gases, and juicy creamy cakes supplied by oil refineries, and even that unfortunate poor natural lamb skewers that Romero tried to treat us to.

When all these points were explained to the patient, he was strongly advised to use all three mechanisms: change in body sensations, body disorientation, dissociation, anesthesia, amnesia, and subjective condensation time.

As soon as its temperature reaches the point where steam turns into fog, this will be the level condensation, the lower edge of the cloud.

In dreams, Lacan, following Freud, distinguishes two fundamental processes within processes: condensation and substitution.

I heated metallic sodium in an iron spoon under a piece of white plaster, expecting that condensation vapor on a cold surface will give the required drop in density with distance.

Around 1900, Uncle Carl experimented with X-rays and radioactivity in condensation in a bubble chamber, a wooden cylinder filled with mist.

Types of condensation

Saturated vapor condensation

In the presence of a liquid phase of a substance, condensation occurs at arbitrarily small supersaturations and very quickly. In this case, a mobile equilibrium arises between the evaporating liquid and the condensing vapors. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation determines the parameters of this equilibrium - in particular, the release of heat during condensation and cooling during evaporation.

Supersaturated steam condensation

The presence of supersaturated steam is possible in the following cases:

• the absence of a liquid or solid phase of the same substance.
• absence condensation nuclei- solid particles or liquid droplets suspended in the atmosphere, as well as ions (the most active condensation nuclei).
• condensation in an atmosphere of another gas - in this case, the rate of condensation is limited by the rate of diffusion of vapors from the gas to the surface of the liquid.

solid state condensation

Condensation, bypassing the liquid phase, occurs through the formation of small crystals (desublimation). This is possible if the vapor pressure is below the pressure at the triple point at a reduced temperature.

Condensation on windows

The formation of condensate on the glass occurs in the cold season - either in winter or in late autumn. From the point of view of physics, the formation of condensation on the windows occurs due to the difference in temperatures of the contacting surfaces, especially at the junction of the frame and the glass itself. The greater this difference, the more moisture settles on a unit surface per unit time. If the temperature difference exceeds 55-60 °, then the settled condensate can turn into a thin crust of ice or frost. The reason for the formation of condensation on the glass is the slow circulation of air in the room, as well as excessive humidity.

see also

Links

• About methods of dealing with condensate on the construction portal

Literature

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Synonyms:

Antonyms:

• Condensation (heat engineering)
• Condenser (heat engineering)

See what "Condensation" is in other dictionaries:

CONDENSATION- (lat. condensatio). Thickening, compaction. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. CONDENSATION in general, condensation: condensation of electricity, condensation of the vapors of any substance into a liquid (using pressure and ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

condensation- and, well. condensation f. condensatio 1. spec. Thickening, compaction. BAS 1. Steam condensation. electricity condensation. Ush. 1934. 2. Transition of a gas or vapor to a liquid state. SIS 1954. Condensation oh, oh. Condensation water. BASS 1.… … Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

CONDENSATION- (from the late Latin condensatio compaction, thickening), the transition of a substance from a gaseous state to a liquid or solid. Condensation phase transition of the 1st kind. Condensation is only possible at temperatures below the critical point... Modern Encyclopedia

CONDENSATION- CONDENSATION, condensation, female. (specialist.). Action under ch. condense and condense. electricity condensation. Condensation of vapor (turning it into a liquid). Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

CONDENSATION- (from late Latin condensatio - condensation, thickening), transition to va due to its cooling or compression from a gaseous state to a condensed (liquid or solid). K. steam is possible only at a pax rate below the critical one for a given in va (see ... ... Physical Encyclopedia

Condensation- - the transition of a substance from a gaseous state to a liquid or solid. [Terminological dictionary for concrete and reinforced concrete. Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Research Center" Construction "NIIZHB and M. A. A. Gvozdev, Moscow, 2007 110 pages] Condensation - education ... ... Encyclopedia of terms, definitions and explanations of building materials

Condensation- (from the late Latin condensatio compaction, thickening), the transition of a substance from a gaseous state to a liquid or solid. Condensation phase transition of the 1st kind. Condensation is possible only at temperatures below the critical point. … Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

CONDENSATION- (from late Latin condensatio thickening), the transition of a substance from a gaseous state to a liquid or solid. Condensation is only possible at temperatures below the critical temperature... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

condensation- accumulation, thickening, compaction. Ant. rarefaction Dictionary of Russian synonyms. condensation noun, number of synonyms: 7 homopolycondensation (2) … Synonym dictionary

Condensation- (from Latin condense I thicken) the transition of atmospheric water vapor into a liquid state. It plays an important role in water metabolism, in particular in desert ecosystems, where nighttime condensation of moisture on the surface of plants (dew) and soil particles is very important, and ... ... Ecological dictionary

condensation- - phase transition of the first order from a gaseous state to a liquid or solid. Dictionary of Analytical Chemistry capillary condensation ... Chemical terms