People don't look alike. Everyone has their own model of behavior in society. Someone easily converges with people, finds common themes, has the interlocutor to communicate. Another person looks at others for a long time, carefully selects the object of communication, ponders the course of the conversation, and so on.

Everything depends on the character. Character is the model of human behavior, his reaction to the world, his inner state. Character develops as a result of hereditary qualities and upbringing.

A person lives in a society of people and his attitude towards others plays a significant role. The quality of life of society, its civilization depends on this.

Sociability, kindness, responsiveness. It is difficult and unpleasant to communicate with a rude, indifferent, cynical person.

In order to live, everyone must work, thereby earning a livelihood for himself and his family.

Certain character traits help to succeed in this.

To succeed, you need to have some talents - creative thinking, perseverance, hard work, courage in making decisions. People who are proactive and conscientious are valued. In team work, it is important to trust employees. Performance is a valuable quality.

Character can be changed because it is influenced by the environment of communication.

For example, an optional person who is easy on given promises can turn into a responsible employee if the success of the enterprise and the lives of other people depend on his decisions and actions in the service. This is especially evident in the professions of firefighters, doctors, judges, where the fate and lives of people are decided.

Kretschmer gave the original classification of a person's character according to body type:

Picnics are burly men in a certain stage of obesity. Facial features are disproportionate to parts of the body, small. They are sociable, positive, generous. Negative character traits include a tendency to depression in a difficult life situation.

Asthenics are thin tall individuals with an elongated face. These are closed uncommunicative people. They prefer loneliness, they are often rude, greedy, stubborn. But it is the asthenics who have a developed mind and talent for science.

Athletes are physically developed and attractive, but not emotional people. Among them there are both good and evil.

Negative character traits

There are people who try to make money in dubious ways. At the same time, people who trusted the deceiver suffer from deceit, who are responsible for the result of dishonest behavior.

The successes and failures of a person largely depend on what place in society he assigns to you. If he behaves confidently and calmly, this causes respect and sympathy. A person who adequately responds to constructive criticism behaves with dignity.

A person should cherish and appreciate the good that he has

Modesty, as you know, is also one of the most worthy personality traits.

Mutual assistance is good only if it comes from a pure heart, without the expectation of a reciprocal action. A person should cherish and appreciate the good that he has. You cannot demand and expect incredible luck from life without doing anything to achieve great results. but without stinginess.

The role of education in the formation of character

It plays an important role in shaping a person's character. From childhood, a child takes an example from his parents. If they behave incorrectly in relation to relatives, to work, to politics, the child absorbs all this and learns the wrong model of behavior. Over time, this model develops into a character.

Growing up, a person introduces into his behavior the views instilled in him by his father and mother. The child should be brought up in open, simple and logical ideas about life for his understanding. If adults say one thing and do the opposite, the child is lost in concepts and becomes hypocritical. At first, he cannot understand such a situation. But, since adults do not explain to him intelligibly why they are lying, he accepts this model of behavior and also learns to lie.

Temperament and character

These concepts are related, but not identical. Temperament is related to the human psyche. These are his innate characteristics. The variety of personality types forms special personal relationships in society. If the character is formed in the environment of communication, then a person is born with a special temperament. It can be guessed in a person from a very early age by behavior.

There are 4 types of temperaments:

Melancholics are vulnerable nervous people. It is difficult for them to converge with people, they do not like to devote to their problems. They often become depressed, if not helped to cope with this condition, the melancholic can commit suicide. Such people are influenced by the environment. If there are good people around the melancholic, he feels great. This temperament is often possessed by scientists, artists, writers. Such children do not like noisy games.

Cholerics are sociable, mobile, inquisitive. The energy of a child - a choleric must be directed in the right direction. He must attend sports sections, dance clubs. Otherwise, his activity may find a way out in bad rash acts. Cholerics are born leaders, they strive to stand out from the crowd, to lead. They have a certain perseverance, they are greedy, some strive for quick dishonest earnings. Choleric people are prone to reincarnations, among them there are many talented actors. The tendency to pretense is manifested from childhood.

Sanguine people are balanced calm people. You can rely on them - in a difficult situation, they will always find a way out. They are not afraid of difficulties, rarely subject to bad habits. They are guided by common sense in everything. Sanguine people do not like loneliness, they like to communicate with people, they have a good sense of humor. They have almost no negative character traits.

Phlegmatic people are mentally stable. Their strengths are intelligence. Restraint, composure. They do not like sudden changes in life.

There must be a golden mean in character. It should be distinguished in the assessment of a person:

• frugality from greed,
• modesty from isolation,
• restraint from indifference.

Before proceeding with the classification and enumeration of character traits, it is necessary to understand what character is. In Greek, "character" is a difference, a sign, a sign. From the point of view of psychology, character is a set of personal properties that determine a person’s actions in various situations and form him as an individual.

There is such an ancient saying: "If you sow an act, you will reap a habit; if you sow a habit, you will reap a character; if you sow a character, you will reap a destiny." This saying briefly and succinctly reflects the place that character occupies in the life and destiny of a person. Therefore, it is so important to know what character traits people have in order to learn to understand their influence on the resolution of various, and especially conflict, situations.

Classification of character traits

Conventionally, character traits can be divided into three main groups:

• emotional;
• strong-willed;
• intellectual.

According to the direction of impact, the features are also divided into the following subgroups:

• attitude to the outside world - people and society;
• attitude towards oneself personally;
• attitude to activities - training and work.

The most basic character traits, especially those related to the emotional group, are formed in early childhood - at the stage of formation of the child's psyche and depend on many factors. Not the last role is played by the natural predisposition of a person, which is influenced by hereditary characteristics and temperament. But the main influence is the environment.

It is in childhood that positive and negative traits of a person's character are laid in the process of acquiring experience of interaction with the outside world. Then, throughout life, the formation of individual features continues, and new ones may appear. And if at first this process takes place on an unconscious, reflex level, then with the acquisition of awareness, and depending on its level, a person has a choice. When this choice is realized, the opportunity opens up for the transformation of character, which is otherwise called personal growth.

Main character traits

Today, there are several hundred definitions of various character traits. Moreover, they can coexist in one person in a variety of combinations. Depending on the direction of influence, such traits can have both positive and negative consequences of their influence. Therefore, it is very difficult to say with absolute certainty that these are bad character traits, and these are good ones. In most cases, it makes sense to talk about certain sets of properties that in a certain situation can have a great influence on the consequences of solving certain problems, defined as positive or negative, which again will be to a certain extent a subjective opinion.

Nevertheless, let's try to compile a list of the main character traits that are formed in the early stages of development and therefore relate more to the emotional group, conditionally dividing them not into bad and good, but, say, into positive and negative traits of a person's character, as is commonly believed from the public. - a moral point of view.

Negative character traits

Anger. This is an emotional trait that can be expressed in a negative attitude of any direction - to oneself, people, and even to work. If this is not a periodic, but a constant reaction, most likely its roots are in a deep childhood resentment.

Pride. In religion, such a feature is even considered one of the grave sins. Because a person in whom this quality is manifested very strongly loses the ability to adequately assess and make the right decisions. Such a person ends up harming both others and himself.

Selfishness. This is a negative trait that concentrates and generates a whole host of others. In fact, it can become the quintessence of all unseemly character traits, but, as a rule, it has a negative impact in the direction of attitudes towards other people, while in relation to oneself it is subjectively considered positive.

Jealousy. This character trait is associated with selfishness and pride, since it implies a sense of possessiveness and has a devastating effect not only on others, but also on oneself, since jealousy is blind and therefore can push for very bad deeds.

Greed. It can take different forms: greed for fame, money, things, food, pleasure, etc. Pushes a person to unseemly acts and causes rejection of others.

Envy. A person possessed by envy causes harm, first of all to himself. After all, as they say, envy eats from the inside, sharpens like a worm. It can also bring great harm to the object of envy if the owner of such a trait sets out in some way to restore the apparent disequilibrium in his favor.

Cruelty. This trait, in any form, brings only destruction and suffering to those it is directed at. Psychologists believe that it is a manifestation of lack of will. It can be added that often a cruel person is guided by fear and self-doubt.

Positive character traits

It is believed that all character traits have their antipode. Therefore, let's see what are the character traits that are the opposite of those listed above.

Kindness. Unlike an evil person, you want to communicate with a good person. Kindness also implies such traits as selflessness and participation. Is it because good people are so often used for their own purposes by those who are dominated by negative character traits? Think about it.

Humility. Some do not like this quality, because for some reason it is considered slavish. In fact, this is a very good trait that can work wonders - for example, stop destructive conflicts, nullify feuds and useless showdown.

Altruism. This is the complete opposite of selfishness. An egoist will never understand an altruist, but an altruist will understand, listen, forgive and even help. An amazing feature that is an endangered species, but in vain.

Confidence. Perhaps it is the most accurate antipode of jealousy, although some argue that its antipode is love. But it is trust, and not gullibility, that is the saving bridge between loving people, which is able to connect them and give true happiness of communication with each other.

Generosity. If it spreads in all directions, it will be a unique personality. This character trait is a blessing for others, and if it is from the bottom of the heart, then for its owner.

Goodwill. Although this trait is associated with kindness, it is more of an outward manifestation than envy, which is always secret. Goodwill blesses and attracts if it is sincere and is a character trait, and not a show.

Mercy. One of the best character traits of a person. We can safely say that this world is based on mercy, as one of the forms of universal love. By developing this trait, a person is enriched spiritually.

Other character traits

There are many other character traits that can be emotional, strong-willed or intellectual. They are developed already in the period of adulthood and are based on life experience. This is how curiosity and thoughtfulness, determination and independence appear. At the same time, character strengths can enhance both positive and negative traits. For example, assertiveness combined with anger can lead to a destructive effect, and combined with kindness can lead to the salvation of another person. It is not in vain that they say that there are as many characters as there are people, and in fact, even knowing many of the character traits of a particular person, it is impossible to predict one hundred percent his behavior in a particular situation.

Is it possible to change your character traits

Changing your traits only makes sense in a positive direction. After all, in the end, all positive traits lead to creation and improvement, and negative traits to destruction and annihilation. But for this it is necessary to first come to the realization that negative traits do exist, and thereby complicate the life of the individual. And very few succeed.

Before you begin to make a judgment about the character traits of a particular person, you need to have a clear idea of ​​\u200b\u200bwhat the properties of human nature are in general. Let's start to act according to the list of human character traits and according to a clear gradation, dividing the character according to the principle of black and white, that is, into its positive and negative features.

Negative properties of human nature

Adventurism is often called a negative quality of human nature. Indeed, excessive enthusiasm for various adventures does not lead to anything good - at best, a person sprays his life into chasing unrealizable dreams and implementing chaotic projects.

However, healthy adventurism is necessarily inherent in a successful businessman - without it, innovation in entrepreneurial activity and corresponding commercial success are impossible. If you follow this path, then you can highlight other, in principle, negative character traits that a successful person definitely needs.

Here they are: authoritarianism (the decision of the leader should not be challenged), gambling (the desire to earn money in unusual ways, the ability to take risks), as well as greed (again, the desire to acquire financial success) and some kind of unscrupulousness, which is indispensable in big business. However, a certain balance will be important here, which will not allow a successful business person to turn into a complete villain.

However, let's leave business aside and move on to the character traits of ordinary people.

What are the negative traits of a person's character?

• Let's start with pride, which in many religious movements is generally regarded as a mortal sin. A man possessed by pride thinks that the world exists only for his sake and that everything is done according to his whims and for his pleasure. Such a proud person is able to cause a lot of pain to his loved ones and never find his place in life;
• It is impossible to call a positive quality of human disposition and excessive lust for power. The desire to tell others what to do and how to do it does not cause sympathy;
• Selfishness and vanity are also negative traits - concentration on one's needs and excessive boasting of one's often dubious achievements is annoying and makes communication with a person of such a warehouse extremely difficult;
• A jealous person is able to poison the life of a loved one, turn a cozy family nest into a hotbed of scandals, and even reach a crime, therefore, excessive jealousy in character is considered one of his worst properties;
• It is worth getting rid of resentment and envy. Envy is capable of undermining the soul from the inside, forcing you to wish other people bad - that's why the stable expression "envy in black" appeared. Resentment is bad because a person goes inside himself, reveling in a sense of resentment, and does not look for ways to solve a conflict or problem situation at all;
• Cruelty and vindictiveness are considered the two most negative properties of human nature. Rigidity is the reverse side of another negative character trait - lack of will. A person tries to restore his lost status quo by violence and pain to the people around him;
• The negative qualities of human nature also include: callousness, extravagance, stinginess, suspiciousness, malice, self-criticism and lust.

Positive character traits

What personality traits are considered positive? One of the most important good qualities of human nature is certainty, that is, such a character trait in which a person always knows what to strive for and what he needs to do to achieve the goal.

It is not sprayed on insignificant and unimportant factors, but goes straight along the chosen path:

• Hard work is also an extremely important positive feature in human nature. Without diligence, little can be achieved in life: after all, all its important milestones require regular and careful application of efforts;
• Reasonable vigilance is also necessary for each of us - after all, it will help to draw the right conclusions from the most difficult life situations and teach you how to prevent the occurrence of problems of various kinds in a timely manner;
• Endurance is a quality of character that is difficult to do without in modern life - because it is full of stress, conflict and controversial issues. The ability to endure all the trials of life and be ready to continue on your way is a very, very valuable skill;
• Goodwill is very useful in life. Attitude towards strangers with attention and warmth, sincere concern for them without the desire for profit and reward - decorate a person, make him a worthy person;
• Mindfulness is useful not only in a career and study - this quality will help save a person’s health and even life. It is important to develop this quality in yourself from childhood - an attentive person is most often successful in all areas of life;
• It is important and necessary to show courage in judgments and actions, because how many omissions people make, being afraid to express their opinion openly or show their talent;
• The ability to compassion, according to many philosophers, is able to save the world. One cannot indifferently pass by the sufferings of others and not extend a helping hand to those in need;
• It is also worth learning and decisiveness - it will help you make the most difficult and important decisions in situations where any delay is fatal;
• It is necessary to educate in oneself and respect for other people and learn to respect oneself. Without respect, it is impossible to provide a normal working environment in the office, it is also impossible to create a truly cozy and loving family circle;
• Spiritual generosity is obligatory in a person - the ability to give one's strength, feelings, talents and abilities to others, to share joys and opportunities with them;
• Tenderness and cheerfulness are important for the full existence of the individual in society. The manifestation of touching concern for one’s neighbor, a sincere interest in the problems of others bring standard communication to a new, higher and more harmonious level, and the ability to enjoy life in all its manifestations will help overcome crises and notice the beauty of the world around;
• People should not forget about honor: one should not drop one's dignity in the dirt, humiliate one's own personality with lies or base aspirations. It is important to learn to be honest not only with others, but also with yourself - then most mistakes can be avoided;
• The ability to be grateful is the most magnificent and, unfortunately, extremely rare positive quality of human nature - and it is precisely this ability that allows others and the person himself to realize the value of his life and talents.

Finally, I would like to note such a positive property of human nature as humility. Humility is taught and called for by various religious and philosophical movements, and this is no accident: after all, it is humility that helps a person to realize his mistakes, not to get hung up on unreasonable and limiting pride, but admitting defeat, to start moving on.

Humility is the highest virtue and an invaluable quality not only of character, but also of the human soul.

It is important to remember that any qualities of a person's character are always reflected in his face and an attentive psychologist is able to draw the right conclusions about a person simply by throwing a cursory glance at a person.

The character of a person and the features of his face are closely related, it is no accident that even a very handsome person with an evil soul quickly ceases to be attractive to others, and a kind and warm look can decorate even the most unsightly appearance.

This connection is considered in more detail by a special science - physiognomy, which is used both in psychology and in forensic science.

Modern recruitment agencies also do not shy away from this science - it allows you to make the recruitment of qualified personnel the most effective.

Person's character- This is the most common term in psychology in everyday life. "Well, character!" - even a person who is far from psychology speaks about a difficult child. For him, character is a synonym for the word "property", "feature". And this definition of character is not far from the truth.

Translated from Greek, this term means "line", "sign", "sign". For us, character is a set of more or less permanent mental characteristics of a person that determine his behavior and relations in society. That is, it is a way of life and behavior.

Character traits of a person.

Any character can be described according to its main features, that is, determinants that will help explain the behavior of a particular person in a particular situation. Psychologists identify four defining character traits:

1. Attitude towards other people(politeness, sociability, rudeness, rudeness, contempt, etc.).
2. Attitude towards work(perseverance, conscientiousness, diligence, perseverance, responsibility, passivity, laziness, etc.).
3. Attitude towards yourself(pride, modesty, self-criticism, shyness, arrogance, selfishness, pride, selfishness, etc.).
4. attitude towards things(thrift, accuracy, negligence, carelessness, etc.).

The main features of character in its study are the first two types of traits, that is, the attitude towards people and the attitude towards work. These character traits are called core or central. A simple explanation can be given here: your boss, first of all, cares about how you do your job and get along with colleagues, but he doesn’t give a damn about whether you love yourself and whether you hang your trousers in the closet when you come home from work. The example is, of course, a rough one, but the first two types of traits are the most important for social psychology and social science.

Character and temperament.

Temperament It is the basis for the formation of a person's character. Unlike temperament, character can change over time, but it will still rely on temperament as a base. Simply put, temperament is the foundation on which you can build different types of character, and then demolish and rebuild something.

Dynamic features of character directly depend on temperament. For example, sanguine and choleric people will always be more sociable than phlegmatic and melancholic people. Some properties of temperament favor the development of certain character traits, and some suppress them.

When raising a child and shaping his character, it is necessary to read the properties of his temperament, because with improper upbringing, negative features of temperament can creep out in the character. For more details, see the Temperament chapter.

character accentuation.

character accentuation- a term that cannot be ignored when considering character traits. This concept in psychology means the effort (emphasis) of certain features to the extreme. In the most negative scenario, accentuation can turn into a mental disorder (not to be confused with a personality disorder, which is what accentuation essentially is).

Most often, accentuation as a personality disorder is temporary or periodic. An example is the teenage crisis, or premenstrual syndrome, when irritability is accentuated and comes to the fore. You should not take accentuation seriously, you just need to minimize the adverse factors that caused it.

Unlike temperament, character does not have well-defined types or types. There are concepts by which we can characterize someone, but this will be a characteristic of only one trait: a workaholic, a lazy person, an altruist, a greedy person, a sociopath, a merry fellow, etc. Therefore, in order to more or less accurately describe the character of a person, you will need at least four such definitions, each according to a certain type of character traits.

Being born, a new personality receives a unique character as a gift. Human nature can consist of traits inherited from parents, or it can manifest itself in a completely different, unexpected quality.

Nature not only determines behavioral reactions, it specifically affects the manner of communication, attitude towards others and one's own person, to work. Character traits of a person create a certain worldview in a person.

A person's behavioral responses depend on the nature

These two definitions create confusion, because both of them are involved in the formation of personality and behavioral responses. In fact, the character and temperament are heterogeneous:

1. The character is formed from a list of certain acquired qualities of the personality's mental make-up.
2. Temperament is a biological quality. Psychologists distinguish four types of it: choleric, melancholic, sanguine and phlegmatic.

Having the same warehouse of temperament, individuals can have a completely different character. But temperament has an important influence on the development of nature - smoothing or sharpening it. Also, human nature directly affects temperament.

What is character

Psychologists, speaking of character, mean a certain combination of traits of an individual, persistent in their expression. These traits have the maximum impact on the behavioral line of the individual in diverse relationships:

• among people;
• in the work team;
• to one's own personality;
• to the surrounding reality;
• to physical and mental labor.

The word "character" is of Greek origin, it means "to mint". This definition was introduced into use by the naturalist of Ancient Greece, the philosopher Theophrastus. Such a word really, very accurately defines the nature of the individual.

Theophrastus first coined the term "character"

The character seems to be drawn as a unique drawing, it gives rise to a unique seal that a person wears in a single copy.

Simply put, character is a combination, a combination of stable individual mental characteristics.

How to understand nature

To understand what kind of nature an individual has, you need to analyze all his actions. It is behavioral reactions that determine examples of character and characterize the personality.

But such a judgment is often subjective. Not always a person reacts the way his intuition tells him. Actions are influenced by upbringing, life experience, customs of the environment where the person lives.

But you can understand what kind of character a person has. Observing and analyzing the actions of a certain person for a long time, one can identify individual, especially stable features. If a person in completely different situations behaves in the same way, showing similar reactions, makes the same decision - this indicates the presence of a certain nature in him.

Knowing which character traits are manifested and dominated by a person, it is possible to predict how she will manifest herself in a given situation.

Character and traits

A character trait is an important part of a personality; it is a stable quality that determines the interaction of a person and the surrounding reality. This is a defining method of resolving emerging situations, therefore psychologists consider a trait of nature as a predictable personal behavior.

Variety of characters

A person acquires features of character in the course of his entire life span, it is impossible to attribute individual features of nature to innate and characterological. In order to analyze and assess the personality, the psychologist not only determines the totality of individual characteristics, but also highlights their distinctive features.

It is the character traits that are defined as leading in the study and compilation of the psychological characteristics of the individual.

But, defining, evaluating a person, studying the features of behavior in the social plan, the psychologist also uses knowledge of the content orientation of nature. It is defined in:

• strength-weakness;
• latitude-narrowness;
• static-dynamic;
• integrity-contradiction;
• integrity-fragmentation.

Such nuances constitute a general, complete description of a particular person.

List of personality traits

Human nature is the most complex cumulative combination of peculiar features, which is formed into a unique system. This order includes the most striking, stable personal qualities, which are revealed in the gradations of human-society relationships:

Relationship system	Inherent traits of an individual
	Plus	Minus
To self	fastidiousness	Condescension
	Self-criticism	Narcissism
	Meekness	Boastfulness
	Altruism	Egocentrism
To the people around	Sociability	Closure
	Complacency	Callousness
	Sincerity	deceit
	Justice	Injustice
	Commonwealth	Individualism
	sensitivity	Callousness
	Courtesy	shamelessness
To work	organization	Laxity
	obligatory	stupidity
	diligence	slovenliness
	Enterprise	inertia
	industriousness	laziness
to items	frugality	Waste
	thoroughness	Negligence
	Neatness	Negligence

In addition to character traits included by psychologists in the gradation of relationships (a separate category), manifestations of nature in the moral, temperamental, cognitive and sthenic spheres were identified:

• moral: humanity, rigidity, sincerity, good nature, patriotism, impartiality, responsiveness;
• temperamental: gambling, sensuality, romance, liveliness, receptivity; passion, frivolity;
• intellectual (cognitive): analyticity, flexibility, inquisitiveness, resourcefulness, efficiency, criticality, thoughtfulness;
• sthenic (volitional): categoricalness, perseverance, obstinacy, stubbornness, purposefulness, timidity, courage, independence.

Many leading psychologists are inclined to believe that some personality traits should be divided into two categories:

1. Productive (motivational). Such traits push a person to commit certain acts and actions. This is the goal-feature.
2. Instrumental. Giving personality during any activity individuality and way (manners) of action. These are traits.

Gradation of character traits according to Allport

Allport's theory

The famous American psychologist Gordon Allport, an expert and developer of gradations of personality traits of an individual, divided personality traits into three classes:

Dominant. Such features most clearly reveal the behavioral form: actions, activities of a certain person. These include: kindness, selfishness, greed, secrecy, gentleness, modesty, greed.

Ordinary. They are equally manifested in all the numerous spheres of human life. These are: humanity, honesty, generosity, arrogance, altruism, egocentrism, cordiality, openness.

Secondary. These nuances do not have a particular effect on behavioral responses. These are not dominant behaviors. These include musicality, poetry, diligence, diligence.

A strong relationship is formed between the traits of nature existing in a person. This regularity forms the final character of the individual.

But any existing structure has its own hierarchy. The warehouse of man was no exception. This nuance is traced in Allport's proposed gradation structure, where minor features can be suppressed by dominant ones. But in order to predict the act of a person, it is necessary to focus on the totality of the features of nature..

What is typicality and individuality

In the manifestation of the nature of each personality, it always reflects the individual and typical. This is a harmonious combination of personal qualities, because the typical serves as the basis for identifying the individual.

What is a typical character. When a person has a certain set of traits that are the same (common) for a particular group of people, such a warehouse is called typical. Like a mirror, it reflects the accepted and habitual conditions for the existence of a particular group.

Also, typical features depend on the warehouse (a certain type of nature). They are also a condition for the appearance of a behavioral type of character, in the category of which a person is “recorded”.

Having understood exactly what signs are inherent in a given personality, a person can make an average (typical) psychological portrait and assign a certain type of temperament. For example:

positive	negative
Choleric
Activity	Incontinence
Energy	short temper
Sociability	Aggressiveness
Determination	Irritability
Initiative	Rudeness in communication
Impulsiveness	Behavior instability
Phlegmatic person
persistence	Low activity
performance	slowness
calmness	immobility
Consistency	unsociable
Reliability	Individualism
good faith	laziness
sanguine
Sociability	Rejection of monotony
Activity	Superficiality
benevolence	Lack of persistence
adaptability	bad perseverance
Cheerfulness	Frivolity
Courage	Recklessness in actions
Resourcefulness	Inability to focus
melancholic
Sensitivity	Closure
Impressionability	Low activity
diligence	unsociable
Restraint	Vulnerability
cordiality	Shyness
Accuracy	Poor performance

Such typical character traits corresponding to a certain temperament are observed in each (to one degree or another) representative of the group.

individual manifestation. Relationships between individuals always have an evaluative characteristic, they are manifested in a rich variety of behavioral reactions. The manifestation of individual traits of an individual is greatly influenced by emerging circumstances, a formed worldview and a certain environment.

This feature is reflected in the brightness of various typical features of the individual. They are not the same in intensity and develop in each individual individually.

Some typical features are so powerfully manifested in a person that they become not just individual, but unique.

In this case, typicality develops, by definition, into individuality. This classification of personality helps to identify the negative characteristics of the individual that prevent them from expressing themselves and achieving a certain position in society.

Working on himself, analyzing and correcting the shortcomings in his own character, each person creates the life he aspires to.

Every person is unique in one way or another. What makes him so? These are the features of his appearance, and, of course, the features of his character. The qualities of a person, the list of which can be continued for a very long time, are what ensures his individuality, allows him not to get lost in the crowd, to be different from the rest.

All of them simply cannot be counted. Is it necessary to consider only the good qualities of a person? The list of qualities that make us a person, in fact, should also reflect all the negative things that appear in our characters. Agree, the sinless did not exist, do not exist and will never exist. It is necessary to give an adequate assessment to people, understanding that each of them combines both good and bad.

Human qualities: list

Why make a list at all? At least because they help to understand and analyze a lot. The bottom line is that the qualities of a person, a list of which in one way or another we will make, will help us analyze ourselves, as well as those around us. Remember that you can develop yourself in this life in almost any way. Find your weaknesses and make them strong, find flaws and get rid of them once and for all.

Positive qualities of a person: a list

There are a lot of them, even more than you could imagine. Some of them help us communicate and interact with people, others allow us to work well, and there are also those that make it possible to achieve our goals, ignoring obstacles. Of course, we cannot list all of them, but the main ones are nevertheless denoted:

• kindness. There are good people in this world, but, unfortunately, they are not so often to be found. Kindness is in each of us. The problem is that the crazy pace of life does not always make it possible to show it. Modern man is an egocentric, focused on his goals. You need to find something good and good in yourself, develop it, help it to appear in other people;
• gaiety. The great classic called this quality outstanding. Why is it so good? The fact that a cheerful person is able to cheer up everyone around, help get rid of unnecessary thoughts, set the right mood in life. It is good for those who can enjoy life without any special reasons, but just like that;
• purposefulness. It manifests itself in perseverance in achieving goals. Its owners can consider themselves lucky;
• courage, bravery, determination. These and other similar qualities make us truly independent. The lack of fear in some people is amazing. Yes, it is not easy to overcome it;
• attentiveness, the ability to empathize. These are also positive qualities. Their owners easily come into contact with people, as they are able to share their problems.

Negative qualities of a person: a list

There are many of them, it is difficult to get rid of them, everyone has them. Don't believe? Then check out the list below. Found something at home - immediately take measures in order to get rid of it.

These are the qualities:

• anger;
• laziness;
• avarice;
• envy;
• cowardice;
• lack of self-esteem;
• indecision;
• aggression;
• isolation;
• timidity and so on.

Character is a unique set of qualities that determine the uniqueness and uniqueness of each individual person, his personality and behavior. Understanding the character facilitates the process of communication between people, helps to avoid controversial or conflict situations. The very concept of "character" is of Greek origin and denotes the features of the psycho-emotional manifestation and expression of the individual.

Character traits

Each of us, without much thought, can easily and quickly name various character traits. This list can be very long. But in order to determine the characteristic type of a particular individual, one should know not only its main features, but also be able to designate which of them are defining, and which are only complementary. In modern psychology, there are:

• leading features, which in fact are the determinants of character in general;
• secondary features that complement and individualize a particular personality.

Knowledge of the leading features allows you to determine essence of all morality, its "backbone".

The presence of two identical traits in two people does not indicate the identity of their disposition. So, both have truthfulness and timidity at the same time. If the former has fearfulness leading feature, then, most likely, he will not outwardly express his disapproval of the actions or behavior of others that contradict his inner convictions. He would rather remain silent, in his soul arguing about the wrongness of those around him. And vice versa, if another has a leading quality of truthfulness, and a secondary timidity, then he will not fail to point out to those around him that they are wrong, fearing only in the depths of his soul the consequences of his statements.

Characteristic features are divided into the following major groups in relation to various household aspects:

• attitude towards people around (tact, friendliness, rudeness, sociability, isolation, sincerity, truthfulness, deceit, etc.);
• attitude to work, activity (responsibility, diligence, dishonesty, laziness, irresponsibility, etc.);
• attitude towards oneself (self-criticism, narcissism, modesty, arrogance, self-confidence, pride, vanity, etc.);
• attitude to property and property (generosity, thrift, accuracy, carelessness, carelessness, etc.).

The dominant group is the first (i.e. attitude towards others), since man is a social being, the main features of his behavior are formed and manifested in society. Evaluation of behavior by others affects the formation and understanding of character as a whole.

character structure

In the structure, features of both individual properties and those common to a certain group of people are distinguished: national, age or professional. The way and way of life, the peculiarities of everyday life, even the language and national structure have their influence on the formation of common features for groups and even for entire nations. So, people of one nationality differ from another in their way of life, habits, type of thinking, etc. At the ordinary level, typical common features create certain stereotypes. Most of us have our own idea about the inhabitants of a particular country, about their habits and customs: about Italians, French, Japanese, etc.

All this is true to some extent: character is not an innate or hereditary trait, it formed in the process of personality development as a member of a group or community. This is a product of society, which can explain similar or different features in the mores of people of different groups.

accentuation- this is an increased development of certain traits characteristic of the individual. So, there are extroverts (open and sociable people) and introverts (closed and uncommunicative).

There is the following classification of character according to accentuation, according to which the following types of character are distinguished:

1. Hyperthymic. The defining properties of this type are: talkativeness, sociability, such people have well-developed facial expressions. Along with this, such people are often irritable and frivolous, however, they are very energetic and proactive.
2. distymny. The features that define this species are isolation and pessimism. Such people avoid noisy companies, but highly value friendship, they have a heightened sense of injustice. When making important decisions, they are often slow and clumsy.
3. Cycloid. For this type of accentuation, the defining feature is a frequent change of mood, depending on which they are either closed in on themselves, or, on the contrary, sociable beyond measure.
4. Excitable. A distinctive feature of this type of accentuation is conflict. Such people are difficult to communicate, often authoritarian in the family, and quarrelsome in the team. They are neat and attentive when they are calm, but in a bad mood they are often irritable and quick-tempered.
5. stuck. These are very intractable individuals who love to teach everyone. Often they are the cause of various conflicts. The demands they make on others (as well as on themselves) are very high.
6. Pedantic. The defining feature of this species is an increased (sometimes excessive) attention to detail. Such people do not strive for leadership, they are conscientious, but they like to grumble for any reason.
7. alarming. Individuals with this type are insecure. They tend to avoid conflict situations, and in such cases they seek support from others. Friendliness and self-criticism are also defining features of their character, but the lack of proper willpower often makes them the subject of jokes or ridicule.
8. Demonstrative. Representatives of this type of character easily make contact, can adapt to any situation, are prone to intrigues. One of their defining properties is self-confidence, which often causes disputes and conflicts. People with this character are artistic and courteous, they have non-standard thinking. They can often be boastful, hypocritical and selfish.

In modern psychology, there are many classifications.

Types of temperament

Temperament has a huge influence on the formation of one or another type of character, which has been noted since the time of the Ancient World. So, even Hippocrates divided all temperaments into four main types:

1. - a cheerful, cheerful, balanced person, soberly assessing the situation and acting deliberately.
2. Choleric- a person who quickly reacts to external events, often he can be unreasonably harsh and inclined to commit rash acts. As a rule, choleric people are quick-tempered and unbalanced.
3. - a person who is distinguished by emotional stability and endurance. It is almost impossible to bring him out of a state of peace of mind and peace.
4. melancholic- an individual with increased nervous sensitivity, nervous stress and shock are categorically contraindicated for people of this type.

It should be noted, however, that in the so-called pure form, these types of temperaments are extremely rare. As a rule, temperament is mixed (one type may have some features of both phlegmatic and sanguine, both choleric and melancholic).

The relationship between temperament and character of a person

Often the words "character" and "temperament" are compared with each other, often they replace each other.

In psychology, there are four fundamental views on the relationship between them:

1. the unity of temperament and character, their identification (according to the teachings of E. Kretschmer and A. Ruzhitsky);
2. opposition of temperament and character, their antagonism (the teachings of P. Viktorov, V. Virenius);
3. recognition of a person's temperament as the core or element of his character (according to S. Rubinshtein, S. Gorodetsky);
4. recognition of temperament as the natural basis of the whole character (according to L. Vygotsky, B. Ananiev).

Both types of temperament and types of human character depend on the characteristics of his physiology and on the type of nervous system. The character of a person is formed when his temperament is quite developed. Temperament is the basis of character, but does not predetermine it. People with the same type of temperament may have different character traits. The type of temperament can influence the assistance or obstruction for the formation of certain character traits. For example, it is much more difficult for a phlegmatic person to cultivate sociability in himself than a sanguine person, and a choleric person needs much more effort to become balanced than a phlegmatic person, etc.

The character and temperament of a person are closely interconnected with each other, together they make up the individuality of a person, the basis and description of his behavior.