1. What features define the personality of G. R. Derzhavin?

The personality of G.R. Derzhavin was determined by such qualities as truthfulness, awareness of his human dignity and honor, directness, inability to adapt to his superiors, indulge his whims, weaknesses and whims. His principled and quick-tempered nature often led to the loss of his position, to high-profile scandals with officials. And during the suppression of the Pugachev uprising, the commander-in-chief threatened to execute Derzhavin along with Pugachev. The poems of the poet were often accusatory in nature, in which his civic position was expressed, his conviction in the responsibility of any authority before people and God. The poet judged any person from the standpoint of high morality and citizenship, threatened "the powers that be" with God's judgment if they did not meet the requirements of humanity and decency. “The human mind and heart were my genius,” he emphasized in the poem “Confession”. The poet never sought honors and awards, most of all he valued freedom, which he spoke about more than once in his works:

Blessed is he who is less dependent on people,

Free from debts and from the hassle of clerks,

He does not seek gold or honors at court,

And alien to various vanities!

("Eugene, Life Zvanskaya")

He was first of all a civil poet, passionately and boldly responding to all the significant events of Russian life of his time. But Derzhavin did not become the head of late classicism either, which could have easily happened if the author of od-satires had not retained his social ideals, which sharply separated him from the reactionary current of literature, despite the traditional conservatism of his political ideas. Derzhavin, as a poet, in one way or another came close to the Russian enlightenment of the 18th century, which created real-satirical literature that paved the way for the realism of the 19th century.

2. Select quotes from Derzhavin's poems that give an idea of ​​the themes of his work.

1) The image of an enlightened and wise ruler:

They do not own time.

Below is gold or silver;

He keeps things in order

Loves the common good;

Fleeing the lush cheers

And shiny little things

He is in the rank of prosecutors,

All nobles, judges, kings

Honors only a person

And he wants to be...

("Time")

2) Philosophical theme: the purpose of a person, the meaning of his existence:

And I'm nothing in front of you.

Nothing! - But you shine in me

By the majesty of your kindness,

You portray yourself in me

Like the sun in a small drop of water...

Part of the whole universe...

I am the connection of worlds that exist everywhere,

I am the extreme degree of matter;

I am the center of the living

The trait of the initial deity;

I'm rotting in the ashes,

I command the thunders with my mind,

I am a king - I am a slave, I am a worm - I am a god!

(Ode "God")

3) Satirical theme:

a) denunciation of unrighteous rulers:

Your duty is: to guard the laws,

Do not look at the faces of the strong,

No help, no defense

Do not leave orphans and widows.

Your duty is to save the innocent from troubles,

Cover the unfortunate;

From the strong to protect the powerless,

Break the poor out of their fetters.

("Lords and Judges")

b) exposure of human vices:

Donkey stays donkey

Though shower him with stars;

Where should the mind act,

He just flaps his ears.

("Nobleman")

4) The theme of the appointment of the poet and poetry:

Poetry is not crazy

But the highest gift of the gods - then

This gift of the gods is only to honor

And to learn their ways

Should be turned, not to flattery

And the perishable praise of people...

("Vision of Murza")

Everyone will remember that among innumerable peoples, How out of obscurity I became known for that,

That I was the first to dare in a funny Russian syllable About the virtues of Felitsa to proclaim,

In sincere simplicity, talk about God And speak the truth to kings with a smile.

("Monument")

3. In what ways does Derzhavin's work correspond, and in what ways does it depart from the canons of classicism?

Derzhavin appeared in literature at the end of classicism, but he could not remain an orthodox "classic". It is significant that in the epigram he ridiculed one of the later epic poems - “Suvoroid” by I. Zavalishin He himself wrote about A. V. Suvorov in a completely different way, trying to capture the real image of the great commander. However, Derzhavin's connections with Lomonosov classicism were still very strong. This was expressed both in the nature of most of Derzhavin's poems, and, more importantly, in the idealization of the glorified heroes characteristic of his work (Felitsa - Catherine II). But at the same time, elements of reality penetrate into Derzhavin's odes, their heroes acquire the features of living people, the odic "singing" is interrupted by satirical laughter.

Formally, Derzhavin strictly follows the system of classic genres, he expands its boundaries, showing other possibilities of poetic thinking. In the ode "Felitsa", dedicated to Catherine II, classicism is manifested in the creation of the image of the queen, endowed with all sorts of virtues, in the harmony of construction. However, Derzhavin managed to combine the solemn style of the ode, the fairy tale basis, and everyday details of everyday life. Not only an abstract image of an enlightened empress was created, but also an individual human character. He violated the strict rules of classicism and the language in which this ode was written. In Derzhavin, along with solemn and majestic-sounding verses, there are simple ones (“You see through your fingers to foolishness ...”) and even there are lines of a “low” style (“And they don’t stain their faces with soot”). In this ode, the light and sonorous verse approaches joking colloquial speech, which differs from the solemnly majestic speech of Lomonosov's odes.

The same combination of seemingly incompatible: life realities (nag, crackers, straw) and high-style words (army, blazing, vigil) - is reflected in the poem "Snigir", written on the death of the great commander A. Suvorov, and many other works . Violating the classic canons, Derzhavin creates a "live" poetic image, that "funny Russian style" that allowed the truly lyrical "language of the heart" to replace strict rules and norms. In Derzhavin's poetry, a living, concrete human personality was presented with its various experiences, with its subjective attitude to people and phenomena. The approach of poetry to the interests of the human personality was also manifested in the fact that, next to the heroic events in Derzhavin's work, the facts of everyday, everyday life took their place.

Derzhavin, as a poet, in one way or another came close to the Russian enlightenment of the 18th century, which created real-satirical literature that paved the way for the realism of the 19th century.

1. What themes can you highlight in the poem "Monument"?

The high appointment of the poet in society and the people's memory of his work are the leading themes of the "Monument". You can highlight the topics through which the main ones are revealed. This is the theme of a monument capable of withstanding the pressure of time and the elements. This is the connection of the glory of the Russian poet with the existence of the Slavic clan (“As long as the Slavic race will be honored by the universe ...”), the geographic boundaries of this glory. This is also the creative manner of the poet, the creation of which Derzhavin takes credit for. At the same time, two specific works are named - “Felitsa” and “God”. Finally, the muse crowning her brow with the "dawn of immortality."

2. What do we, following Derzhavin, mean by a "wonderful" and "eternal" monument, which is as hard as metals and "higher than the pyramids"? What is the meaning of the opposition of metal, pyramids and a monument erected by the poet to himself?

A monument, “wonderful, eternal”, which is “harder than metal and higher than pyramids”, is a deeply spiritual concept, later colorfully and accurately Pushkin will call it “not made by hands”. This is the memory of the people, which will honor the works of the poet, which have both concrete historical and timeless significance. The material structure will sooner or later be destroyed by time, the creative heritage, if it represents a spiritual value for society, is not subject to destructive processes.

3. How is the theme of immortality solved in the poem? Why is the author sure that after death his fame will increase?

The poet connects the significance of his work with the existence and development of Slavic culture. He considers the creation of a new poetic manner as a new and significant contribution to Russian poetry.

4. What does Derzhavin credit to himself as a poet and a person?

The merits are listed by him succinctly and accurately: “to proclaim Felitsa’s virtues in a funny Russian style”, that is, to humanize the image of the reigning empress, reform the style of the ode, introduce simplicity and sincerity into the style of philosophical reflections (“God”).

5. What do you think "funny Russian syllable" means? Can you give examples of him from Derzhavin's poetry?

"Funny Russian syllable" is a new stylistic manner introduced by Derzhavin into Russian literature, in which two of his central works "Felitsa" and "God" are written. She is characterized by sincerity, the absence of solemn affectations, civic courage and love of truth. Derzhavin spoke “The Truth to the Tsars” “with a smile,” i.e., softening the harshness of moralizing with a playful tone, but without reducing the depth of objections and disagreements, which we know well from his biography. The “funny Russian style” is one of the essential stylistic elements of Derzhavin’s poetry, which is also called in literary criticism as “the destruction (or, according to A. V. Zapadov, renewal) of the classicist ode.”

It is expedient to cite examples from the mentioned works. So, contrasting the contemporary reign of Catherine II with the mores of the court of Anna Ivanovna, Derzhavin includes the lines in the ode to Felitsa:

There they don’t soar clownish weddings, They don’t fry them in ice baths, They don’t click on the mustaches of nobles; Princes don't cackle with hens, And they don't stain their faces with soot.

In the same ode, we read the image of the life of a provincial nobleman, although he lives in the capital. material from the site

Or, sitting at home, I'll play, Playing fools with my wife; Sometimes I get along with her on the dovecote, Sometimes we frolic in blindfolds; Now I have fun in a pile with her, Then I look for her in my head.
6. What style is this poem written in? Does it have elements of high style? What is the role of Old Slavonicisms in the poem?

The poem sounds smoothly, solemnly. We can say that it was written in a high style, based on a combination of both common and outdated Old Slavonic vocabulary, which gives it a solemn sound. Old Slavisms contribute to giving special significance to topics that are so important for the poet, to assert his high mission in society (erect, crush, decay, universe (truncated form), despise, forehead, crown, etc.). And only the stanza about the “funny Russian style” is performed in the middle style, it sounds cordial and simple, which fully corresponds to the theme stated in it.

Didn't find what you were looking for? Use the search

On this page, material on the topics:

• Old Slavonicisms in the poem "monument"
• answers to questions for the poem monument
• that Mr. Derzhavin takes credit for himself as a poet
• composition based on the poem of the sovereign monument
• that Derzhavin takes credit for himself as a poet and a person