MAOU "SPSH No. 33"
(grade 10-11)
Prepared and conducted by the teacher
Russian language and literature
Krivodereva L.V.
Stary Oskol
2012
Topic. Philosophical lyrics F.I. Tyutchev. Teaching the analysis of philosophical lyrics on the example of the poem "Shadows of gray mixed..."
The purpose of the lesson. Acquaintance with the peculiarities of Tyutchev's philosophical lyrics. Mastering the skills of analyzing philosophical lyrics. Knowledge of the human world
Equipment. Portrait, collections of Tyutchev's poems, memos for the analysis of a lyric poem
Lesson type. Lesson for mastering new knowledge with elements of speech development
Method. Collective work of the teacher with the class
During the classes
Organizing time
Message about the topic and purpose of the lesson
Guys, today in the lesson we will continue our acquaintance with the work of F.I. Tyutchev, the features of the philosophical lyrics of the poet and, using the example of the poem "Shadows of gray mixed ...", we will get acquainted with some elements of the analysis of the lyrical work.
Write down the topic of the lesson
III
.
Work in the lesson
L. teacher's word
The poetry of F.I. Tyutchev belongs to the enduring values of the literature of the past, which today enrich the spiritual culture of every person. Tyutchev's work attracted the attention of many prominent writers, thinkers, scientists, but so far it has remained insufficiently studied and understood.
The words of I.S. Aksakov, one of his ardent admirers, come to mind, he wrote: “It is difficult to accept a historical point of view on Tyutchev, it is difficult to attribute his work to one specific era in the development of Russian literature. History has come for him. his poetry inspires us, as it were, with a special, ahistorical point of view on him.
Everyone will have to develop their own point of view on Tyutchev's work in the context of the era. But one cannot imagine his poetry without the lyrics of nature.
2. Question on the perception of previously learned
Teacher. Guys, what, in your opinion, is the peculiarity of the image of nature in Tyutchev
Tyutchev perceives nature as a living, spiritual being and, trying to penetrate its secrets, turns to man, because in his life there are analogies of the world around him
3. Initial acquaintance with the features of Tyutchev's philosophical lyricsTeacher. Man is an instrument for understanding nature. But!! And nature serves Tyutchev as an instrument for comprehending man. Using metaphors like " mental storm"was inherent in poetry, but Tyutchev erected a metaphor in method, filling the artistic technique with philosophical content
We will get acquainted with the works of this method in our lessons and see how Tyutchev manages to convey the feelings and experiences of a person through nature, i.e. his mental world.
Here is how I.S. Turgenev described the creative method of F.I. Tyutchev: “Each of his poems began with a thought, but a thought that, like a fiery point, flared up under the influence of Glubokov’s feelings or strong impressions: as a result ... the thought of Mr. Tyutchev never appears naked and abstract to the reader, but always merges with the image taken from the world of the soul or nature, penetrates it, and itself penetrates it inseparably and inseparably.
Let's write these words in a notebook, they are key in this method and will be the epigraph to our lesson.
4. Acquaintance with the main points of the philosophical concepts of the poet
Teacher. (Short note in notebook).
Comprehension of the human world by comparing it with the natural world
found its specific expression in the poetry of Tyutchev's poems
philosophical nature
Moreover, the peculiarity of the poetics of F. Tyutchev lies in variability
ratings: something that in one text appears as a negative, some
another may receive the opposite assessment.
Based on this, Tyutchev's poems can be read as a whole.
Examples are the poems "Glimmer" (1825), "Vision" (1829),
"The gray-gray shadows mixed up ...", conditionally they are classified as "night
poems" of the poet.
Man, according to the poet, is meeting place of two abysses, he is the boundary between
two worlds, he is the connection and union of these two worlds - the abyss
(internal and external).
True he comprehends in opposition, in confrontation.
Therefore, many poems of a philosophical nature have two-part composition with a clear division of content by line.
Consider the poem "The gray-gray shadows mingled ..." (unwritten in 1836), where you can more clearly see this feature of Tyutchev's lyrics
5. Analysis of the poem "Shadows of gray mixed ..."
1) Reading a poem(teacher or student)
Gray-gray shadows mingled
The color faded, the sound fell asleep -
Life, movements resolved
In the unsteady dusk, in the distant rumble...
Moth flight invisible
Heard in the night air...
An hour of longing inexpressible!..
Everything is in me, and I am in everything! ..
Quiet dusk, sleepy dusk, Sink into the depths of my soul,
Quiet, dark, fragrant,
Shut everything up and shut up.
Feelings - a haze of self-forgetfulness Overflow over the edge! ..
Let me taste destruction
Mix with the dormant world! (1835)
F.I. Tyutchev
2) What mood does the poem evoke?
Desire for peace, renunciation of the daytime world, sadness, loneliness...
(During the analysis, make a note of the working material).
Teacher The poem consists of two stanzas.
3) AnalysisI parts
a) What image appears before us in the first stanza?
The image of real twilight at the real end of the day.
b) Write down the key images that create the world of twilight.
gray shadows
dusk unsteady
distant rumble
flight invisible
longing inexpressible
What artistic technique did the author use to create the image of twilight?
epithets
c) Working with epithets
No, they cannot be replaced. They convey twilight better: accurate, the only possible
Let's consider each of them:
The shadows are indeed "gray" (what does this mean?) - they shimmer
many shades, so the dusk is "unsteady"
What does "distant hum" mean? (about the departure of day life, external
life). Can't really express
Let's analyze the meaning of the verb "mixed" ("mixed" -
obsolete form of the verb "mix"
not so much mechanical as fusion
Teacher Twilight is a fusion of what? what time?
Merging day and night at the end of a real day.
G) Analysis of other artistic means.
Teacher In addition to epithets, what artistic means helps to hear the approach of night, silence, that is, the dissolution of the realities of the daytime world?
personification "the sound fell asleep"
polysemous words "color faded" - i.e. evening, sunset.
"Moth invisible flight" - dark very quiet, flight is heard
e) Sound design analysis
Teacher. What is the importance of sound design
Alliteration for a whistling "s"
bluish, shifted, the sound fell asleep, dusk, hour, audible, melancholy, everything in everything
The creation of some kind of obscure, whispered, but quite tangible
revelations
They share something candid in a whisper.
e) Teacher. Against the background of twilight, as being shown (presence, life)
human? In what lines?
- "Life, movement resolved
into the unsteady dusk, into the distant rumble ... "
Teacher. What is the human being like?
- "shaky, dreary"
and) Teacher. For a better understanding of human connection with twilight
let's analyze the meaning of the verb "resolved"
You can get rid of the burden. We know that Tyutchev often "flickers" through one meaning another
How do you understand in this verse the meaning of the word to be resolved is to turn into dusk, into a distant rumble
Teacher.
This is how the drama begins.
h) Teacher. And what is the symbolic image of the "flight of an invisible moth?"
Pay special attention to the word "invisible".
Invisible but exists, where can one find it? - Inside something.
In this case, in the twilight, in her inner reality.
It is culminating in the creation of the image of twilight, its inner essence: on the one hand, hearing at twilight is refined so that the flutter of the wings of a moth; on the other hand, such silence speaks of the deep loneliness of the human soul.
Find lines that support this thought
- "An hour of longing inexpressible! .."
and) Let us comment on the last verse of the first stanza.
"Everything is in me, and I am in everything! .."
Teacher. What does "I'm all over" mean?
all over the world, i.e. universe
j) C we conclude the analysis of the first stanza
feeling, state
I wanted to show loneliness, oblivion, the desire to merge with darkness. Those.
show the soul at dusk.
4) AnalysisII parts
To fully understand the meaning of this poem, we analyze II
part
The second stanza is in the nature of a direct appeal to the dusk
Teacher. What words help to understand this?
All verbal vocabulary in the imperative mood: "pour", "pour",
"calm down", "overflow", "give".
Teacher. How does the poetic image of dusk develop in the second stanza? O
what is he asking for?
- "pour", "pour", "comfort" - the twilight acquires a fluid nature
Teacher. Why does a person ask for this, what does his soul strive for?
The human soul strives for peace, silence.
Teacher. The call sounds not just to "pour into the dusk," but to pour "everything." For what
indicates the pronoun "everything", what is meant by it?
Everything is the world, the Universe, which means that the world of the Universe is equivalent to the world of the soul.
Teacher. Make a conclusion: what is the lyrical hero waiting for?
Peace, silence - self-forgetfulness
Teacher. Like a spell sounds tragically solemn
"Let me taste destruction..." What can cause destruction?
Horror, fear
What is unique about this verse? What do you usually want to taste?
Taste, usually, bliss
Tyutchev's "vibration" of meanings arises again: it turns out there is not
only the horror of destruction, but also sweetness.
So what is the peculiarity of the composition of the poem?
What role does the last line play in summing up the whole reflection?
- "Mix with the dormant world!"
The last line with only one word "mix" closes the magic ring of the poem: at first the gray-gray shadows mixed up, and now the "I", being annihilated, mixes with them.
There is a mixing of the soul of twilight with the soul of a lyrical hero.
IV. Summarizing.
Conclusion. So, we see the connection of the external and internal worlds - the all-encompassing world of the "twilight" state of the Universe. The connection between the human world and the natural world
Teacher. The legacy of the great Russian poet is inexhaustible; it is impossible to cover it completely in a few lessons of school analysis. All our attempts are only approaches to its comprehension, only a touch of the mystery.
V. Marking
VI
.
Homework. Give a written analysis of Tyutchev's poem
"The gray-gray shadows mixed up..." (You can take another work by F.I. Tyutchev)
Analysis of the poem
1. The history of the creation of the work.
2. Characteristics of the work of the lyrical genre (type of lyrics, artistic method, genre).
3. Analysis of the content of the work (analysis of the plot, characterization of the lyrical hero, motives and tone).
4. Features of the composition of the work.
5. Analysis of the means of artistic expression and versification (presence of tropes and stylistic figures, rhythm, meter, rhyme, stanza).
6. The meaning of the poem for the entire work of the poet.
The poem “The gray-gray shadows mixed up ...” was written by F.I. Tyutchev in the 30s. At the beginning of May 1836 the poet sent it to Gagarin. It was first published in the Russian Archive magazine in 1879 and in the collection Newly Found Poems by F.I. Tyutchev" called "Twilight". It is known that this work was very fond of L.N. Tolstoy. Here is how A.B. Goldenweiser: “On the table he had a volume of Tyutchev ... They started talking about Tyutchev. The other day, Lev Nikolaevich came across his poem "Twilight" in the "New Time". He took out all of them on this occasion and read them to the patient. Lev Nikolaevich told me: “I always say that a work of art or so good that there is no measure to determine its merits is true art. Or it's downright bad. Here I am happy that I found a true work of art. I can't read without crying. I remembered him. Wait a minute, I’ll tell you now.” Lev Nikolaevich read Tyutchev’s “Twilight” in a low, broken voice, almost in a whisper, gasping for breath and shedding tears. He "recited" least of all, but he did not pronounce poetry as if it were prose; the reading was measured, and the rhythm of the verse, despite the discontinuity, was clearly felt.
We can attribute this work to philosophical and landscape lyrics, its genre is a lyrical fragment. Style is romantic. The main theme is the evening and night life of nature and the human soul.
The first stanza paints a picture of the world plunging into twilight. Life with its bustle and activity, the brightness of daytime colors, the loudness of sounds, the certainty seems to freeze here, resolving into stillness, into “unsteady dusk”, into silence. Everything becomes indefinite, invisible, the world loses the clarity of its outlines. Silence covers the world, and only the flight of a moth breaks this peace. Time here seems to flow into the soul of the lyrical hero, who sees his reflection in everything around him - in life and nature:
Gray-gray shadows mingled
The color faded, the sound fell asleep -
Life, movement resolved
In the unsteady dusk, in the distant rumble ...
Moth flight invisible
Heard in the night air...
An hour of longing inexpressible!..
Everything is in me, and I am in everything! ..
The researchers noted here the oxymoronism of the picture created by the poet. Tyutchev's "invisible" flight of a moth is "heard". This contradiction symbolically conveys the disconnection of the hero with the outside world. According to Tyutchev, it is precisely developed individualism that prevents a person from feeling like a part of nature. The feelings of the lyrical hero are contradictory. Nighttime for him is "an hour of inexpressible longing." But at the same time, he longs to merge completely with nature and time. Only in this way can he discover the truth for himself, penetrate the very essence of phenomena.
The second stanza begins with a calm, soothing intonation. The lyrical hero refers to the "twilight", seeing in it salvation for his tormented soul:
Quiet dusk, sleepy dusk,
Lean into the depths of my soul
Quiet, languid, fragrant,
Shut everything up and be quiet.
Then the tone of the poem changes abruptly. The intonations of the lyrical hero become energetic and assertive:
Feelings - a haze of self-forgetfulness
Fill over the edge!..
Let me taste destruction
Mix with the dormant world!
Nighttime for the hero is the “destruction” of clarity, clarity, harmony of thoughts and feelings. But at the same time, he longs to join this Chaos, completely merge with the night world and find the desired harmony, overcoming his own loneliness and individualism. Thus, the attitude of the lyrical hero is romantic.
Compositionally, the work is divided into two parts (by stanza). The first part is a quiet and harmonious picture of nightlife. However, it ends with a painful exclamation: “An hour of inexpressible longing! Everything is in me, and I am in everything!” In the second part, the lyrical hero conveys his thirst for finding the desired harmony with time through "self-forgetfulness" and destruction. The darkness of the night is able to heal and comfort a tormented soul, but it can also frighten, expose all feelings that have been dormant until now. The second stanza also ends with an energetic, resolute exclamation: "Give me a taste of destruction, Mix with the dormant world!" Thus, the composition is based on the opposition of the two sides of the night element: pacifying and frightening. The poem begins and ends with the theme of the fading of the world: “Shadows of gray mixed ...” - “Mix with the dormant world!”. In this regard, we can talk about the ring composition.
The poem is written in four-foot chorea, eight lines, rhyming - cross. The poet uses a variety of means of artistic expression: epithets (“invisible flight”, “an hour of inexpressible longing”, “drowsy dusk”), metaphors (“the sound fell asleep”, “Twilight is quiet, dusk is sleepy”, “Flow into the depths of my soul”, “ let me taste destruction”), alliteration (“Shadows of gray mixed”).
We can consider the work in the context of the entire work of the poet. It develops the themes and motifs traditional for Tyutchev: day and night, Chaos and Cosmos, man and nature. “Grey-gray shadows mingled ...” echoes such poems of the poet as “Day and night”, “The day is getting dark, the night is close ...”, “Holy night has risen into the sky ...”.
Features of Tyutchev's lyrics
F. I. Tyutchev, who was born in 1803 and saw the flowering of romanticism, himself became one of its brightest representatives. It is noteworthy that the poet never saw himself as a professional artist, he was much more interested in the career of a diplomat. It is for this reason that the work of the lyricist was not subject to fashion trends, he did not follow any canons. His poems are able to convey the true inner state, the reflections in them are deep, and the feelings are sincere. Tyutchev's landscape lyrics can be considered the most outstanding part of his creative heritage. In his poems, the poet reflects on the meaning of human existence as part of nature. The works are characterized by brevity and amazing capacity. The poet manages to accurately describe the most contradictory and most subtle feelings, to make the reader completely plunge into them, to unmistakably understand the message that the author left.
Fyodor Ivanovich in his life had a chance to know many people, to live in different countries, which, undoubtedly, further expanded the horizons of the poet. Returning to his homeland, he continued to create, but his lyrics were increasingly political in nature. This was not surprising, because Tyutchev was worried about the fate of the country, its image in the international arena, as well as internal problems. At the same time, the poet was engaged in active publicistic activity.
Perhaps it was the diplomatic work that helped Tyutchev develop an amazing conciseness. He not only could express a clear, deep and complete thought in one quatrain, but also used such capacious epithets and metaphors that any poem created by the author acquired its own emotional coloring.
The history of writing a poem
The creation of the poem was to some extent influenced by the tragedy that happened to the poet in 1835. The Tyutchev family was shipwrecked. Despite the fact that all members of the family miraculously managed to survive, this event undermined the health of Eleanor, the poet's wife. She did not get out of bed for months, did not want to communicate with anyone. Desperate Fyodor Ivanovich, who was trying with all his might to return his beloved to a full life, during the day he could still be distracted from gloomy thoughts thanks to work, but when dusk descended on the earth, it became increasingly difficult for him to continue to hope and endure the state of his wife. The darkness of the night erased all daytime worries, blurred colors, at night he could feel more sharply everything that really worried his mind, tormented his soul. That is why the poet so often in his poems reflects on the night, ascribes human qualities to it.
In May 1836, Tyutchev sent the poem “Shadows of gray mixed ...” to Prince Grigory Ivanovich Gagarin, his colleague in the poetic and diplomatic workshop. It was published only after more than forty years in the journal "Russian Archive", as well as in the collection "Newly Found Poems of F.I. Tyutchev". Then the work was called "Twilight".
This poem was very fond of Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy. A. B. Goldenweiser recalls a conversation with Tolstoy. According to him, the writer believed that it was impossible to describe how great the merits of this poem were. He was happy that he had found a true work of art, recited it almost in a whisper, and there were tears in his eyes. So great was the impression that the verse made on the writer.
Features of the poem:
Genre - philosophical landscape lyrics;
Style - romantic;
Size - four-foot trochee;
Cross rhyme (abab).
Features of Tyutchev's philosophy
In the first stanza of the poem, the whole world around us plunges into twilight darkness. The bright colors of the day fade and are replaced by a mystical evening twilight, the sounds of active daytime life subside, and they are replaced by night silence and tranquility. Together with daylight, clarity and certainty disappear, the lyrical hero plunges into an almost invisible world, whose outlines are already devoid of clarity. Time seems to freeze, uncertainty and silence reign everywhere, broken only by the sound of a moth flying. The epithet "gray" alone already sets the tone for the entire poem. Gray is a color that is difficult to give a clear definition. V. Dal describes it like this: “black with blue and a whitish, bluish tint, gray-blue with a blue game.” Thanks to this one word, it becomes clear to the reader on an intuitive level what the lyrical hero feels, as well as what picture is unfolding before his eyes. The semantic load of the epithet is further enhanced by the alliteration: "the blue-gray mixed up."
It is worth paying attention to the fact that the words "life" and "twilight" begin the line, are in a strong position, while you can notice some kind of opposition. However, this is only an apparent feature, because life did not disappear, it only calmed down, froze for a while.
When dusk falls, shadows thicken around and silence rings, hidden human feelings awaken, new forces appear. When the lyrical hero is in a different reality generated by the night, he can finally confess to himself the most daring, sincere and reckless desires of his heart. When the reality created by the day gradually dissolves into darkness, he is left alone with himself and with the whole world, becomes a part of it, but still he acutely feels longing.
At the end of the stanza, the lyrical hero feels this twilight and silence pour into him, he feels himself a part of the night nature, feels inseparable from it.
Tyutchev believed that it was individualism that did not allow a person to merge with nature together. All people are too busy with their small experiences, they are absorbed by the routine, and the goals are often so far from something truly great that in a global sense people are not much different from small grains of sand. A person cannot fully feel himself a part of nature, because nature is something great and all-encompassing, too difficult to understand.
Here we see a contradiction. On the one hand, the night is “an hour of inexpressible longing”, and on the other hand, the lyrical hero longs to become part of it. Only in this way, despite all the pain and sadness, he will be able to penetrate into the deep secrets of nature, to know the essence of phenomena and understand what is the meaning of his existence.
In the second stanza, the reader can observe rather contradictory feelings of the lyrical hero. At first he is calm and peaceful, in the twilight darkness he sees salvation for his tormented soul, the end of throwing, the achievement of harmony. By the end of the stanza, all peace and tranquility disappear, they are replaced by energy and assertiveness.
The reader sees both creation and destruction, peace and fear. Night is the destroyer of daytime fuss and certainty, it is also a healing elixir for a wounded soul. All life is a tangle of contradictions, like Tyutchev's night in the poem "Shadows of gray mixed ...". What a person is afraid of can eventually bring joy, and happiness eventually turns into pain. The quiet prayer of the lyrical hero is replaced by a passionate appeal.
The first stanza of the poem ends with the word "mixed", the last - "mix". The reader sees a complete circle, but the circle has no beginning or end. Life does not end, only a new cycle begins. Perhaps this is another reason why the lyrical hero is so eager to dissolve into the darkness of the night. Human life is short, the body is short-lived, and the mind is fragile. Only by becoming a part of something great and eternal, one can achieve immortality and get rid of what oppresses an ordinary person.
In order to better understand F. I. Tyutchev, his work should be considered as a whole, each poem in itself will not give that deep understanding that arises from a more thorough analysis of the poet's legacy. Studying Tyutchev's poetry, one can clearly distinguish the main images and the emotional load they carry, the themes of the interaction of man and nature, the opposition of day and night, space and chaos.
The poem “Shadows of blue-gray mixed ...”, according to its theme, semantic and emotional content, echoes other works of the lyric (“Day and night”, “The day is getting dark, the night is close ...”, “Holy night has risen to the sky ...”). In them, Tyutchev conveys his attitude to a calm and quiet night, keeping its secrets, inspiring melancholy and delight, bringing pain and salvation to the soul.
The lyrical works of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev are full of depth and sincerity, they are characterized by rich emotional coloring and imagery. The poem “Grey-gray shadows mixed” was no exception, which reflected the strong emotional experiences of the poet. We suggest that you familiarize yourself with a brief analysis of “Shadows of gray mixed” according to a plan that will be useful to students in grade 11 in preparing for a lesson in literature.
Brief analysis
History of creation- The poem was written in 1836, during the difficult period of Tyutchev's life, when his beloved wife was dying.
Theme of the poem– The nightlife of nature, described through the prism of the experiences of the human soul.
Composition- The composition is circular, consists of two parts: in the first part, the author describes the onset of night and his emotional experiences, in the second - he enjoys the pacifying silence of the night.
Genre– Philosophical and landscape lyrics.
Poetic size- A four-foot trochee, using cross-rhyming.
Metaphors - " haze of self-forgetfulness».
epithets – « invisible", "inexpressible", "sleepy».
Avatars – « the sound fell asleep».
History of creation
The poem was written in 1836, and was originally called "Twilight". This work was a reflection of the mental anguish that befell Fedor Ivanovich and his entire family.
The fact is that in 1835 the Tyutchevs went to Turin, where a serious test awaited them along the way - a shipwreck. It was only by a miracle that all members of the family survived, but this incident significantly undermined the already fragile health of Fyodor Ivanovich's wife, Eleanor. The woman did not get out of bed for months, refused to talk even with the closest people.
During the day, the life of the poet and diplomat was filled with everyday bustle, but with the onset of night, oppressive thoughts began to overcome him: Tyutchev selflessly scourged himself for insisting on the ill-fated trip, and thereby destroyed his own happiness. On one of these nights, a lyrical verse was written, which at first the author called "Twilight".
The work was first published in 1879 in the literary magazine Russian Archive.
Topic
The central theme is nightlife, which unites man and the universe. The lyrical hero suffers from painful thoughts, mental anguish, which results in severe depression.
However, the hero's melancholy weakens somewhat when contemplating the nature of the night. Bright colors no longer hurt the eyes, sounds subside, the world falls into a dream.
In an attempt to escape from loneliness, the lyrical hero seeks to unite with the reality around him, to dissolve in it and, thus, get rid of his mental anguish.
Composition
The plot of the poem is compositionally divided into two parts, one stanza in each. In the first part, the author paints a picture of the onset of night, consonant with his experiences, which do not allow him to sleep peacefully.
In the second stanza, the lyrical hero, suffering from longing, literally revels in the silence of the night, which can heal his wounded soul.
Compositionally, the structure of the poem is a ring, since the word from the first part "mixed" is duplicated in the second stanza into a modified word "mixed". This indicates the entry of the night into its rights.
Genre
The work is written in the genre of landscape and philosophical lyrics, since along with the description of the night nature, the author indulges in philosophical reasoning.
The poetic size is a four-foot trochee, using cross-rhyming.
means of expression
To give special expressiveness to the work, the author uses various artistic means: epithets("invisible", "inexpressible", "sleepy"), metaphors(“the haze of self-forgetfulness”), personifications("the sound fell asleep").
