Logic itself is not a human skill given from birth, it is learned throughout life, receiving valuable lessons. Such a tool for understanding the world is not close to emotional human nature, so people prefer to think and do as they are used to. However, this science underlies most of the laws of the universe. The ability to think and reason consistently, consistently, is useful in solving many problems. Whether it's building business projects, convincing opponents, or shopping in a store. And the question immediately arises: “How to develop logical thinking and live as efficiently as possible?”. We will answer it in the article below.

People often make illogical mistakes. They think that it is enough to be guided by common sense and experience, ignoring the laws and special techniques of formal logic. However, this may be sufficient only when making elementary judgments and solving simple problems; when performing large-scale operations, certain knowledge will be required that will not allow making erroneous actions.

What is logic

In order to understand what it is, it is necessary to explain this phenomenon more broadly, dividing it into its components.

By thinking is meant the processing by the human psyche of the information received, and the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships between objects, events and phenomena of the surrounding world.

Logic is the science of the forms, methods and laws of intellectual mental activity. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that knowledge is obtained not from sensory experience, but in the process of analyzing previously obtained data, inferential knowledge.

Thus, logical thinking is a thought process that makes a person use logical constructions and concepts based on evidence, prudence and flexibility of thinking. The main goal is to get the most reasonable conclusion from the available data.

Logical laws are based on empirical knowledge of the world through experience. That is, a person draws a conclusion based on the creation or participation in a certain situation and subsequently awareness of its specific consequences.

Workout

The development of creative thinking and logic is possible only if the mind is used to working in different directions. The development of logical thinking needs to be trained, here are some practical tips:

• The study of natural sciences

Take up the study of a science close to you in spirit, which you have been delaying.
Physics, chemistry or history, other exact sciences perfectly stimulate the flexibility of thinking. They teach to build chains of cause and effect.

• Use reasoned argument

Instead of the standard desire to answer “because I’m in charge” or “it’s necessary”, try to convey your point of view to your opponent without emotions, constructively. Use logical as well as creative thinking, there can be a huge variety of dialogue options, get rid of the usual phrases and reactions.
Particularly interesting is the method of leading the interlocutor to the necessary conclusion by means of indirect statements with which he initially agrees.

• Play chess, backgammon, checkers and card games

This is an amazing opportunity for the development of logical thinking. After all, there is a training in cause-and-effect relationships, a calculation of the opponent's moves in advance. It trains to learn lessons even from defeats. Thus, a person gradually removes negative thinking from his life.

• Find other ways to use items

This exercise contributes to the excellent development of creative thinking in adults. Choose one item, be it a box of matches or a stool. And find all possible ways to use the item for other purposes. You can count on matches, lay out drawings, and use the stool as a Christmas tree stand. Be creative.

• association game

Use opposite meanings to emerging associations to specific words. For example, hard cotton wool, soft glass, hot ice. This helps our brain tune in a different way, remove negative thinking.

• Read books from the end

In addition to the understandable difficulties in completing this task, there are still nuances. Our brain is accustomed to the fact that the outcome can only come when specific actions are performed. But as in life and in books, this is not always true. Sometimes the most unexpected events lead to results that were not supposed to. The gradual transition from the denouement to the preface will help debunk your guesses and learn an abstract vision of the situation, and also develops mobility, flexibility of thinking.

• Expand your vocabulary

When you hear an unfamiliar word, look it up in a dictionary. And also: what is the history of occurrence, the original meaning and use now. This will help you look at the world more differently.

• Words backwards

When in a vehicle or on the street, read the signs backwards. It will be very difficult. At first, only short words will be obtained, and after that you will master the ability to read whole phrases! This is a great brain workout showing that there are alternatives. And, once in a problematic situation, it will be easier to see other options.

• Imagine something that doesn't exist

The exercise is to come up with an animal or object, a name that does not exist in nature. Leopantsyr or bird fox, for example. And in detail all this to present or depict. The bottom line is that it's very hard to come up with something that doesn't exist. The brain still tries to reduce everything to familiar forms, especially in adults.

Sometimes negative thinking takes over, it becomes difficult to complete a task that seems absurd. The ability to abstract from familiar forms and concepts, to concentrate on still little-studied facts, to create fundamentally new things, will be useful in any profession.

• Solve anagrams

From the mixed letters you need to make a word. It develops the ability to quickly find hidden meanings, to see meanings that are incomprehensible at first glance.

• Use your other hand

If you are right-handed - left, if vice versa - right. Change your hand during daily activities. This stimulates the work of both hemispheres, improving concentration, activating new neural connections, thus stimulating logical and creative thinking.

Who needs to develop logic

Logical thinking is necessary for any person, regardless of his goals. After all, having the flexibility of thinking, each of us can:

• find the optimal solution to the problem situation;
• always be a few steps ahead of enemies or competitors, calculating their possible actions;
• choose the right way to achieve the goal;
• express their thoughts in a form understandable to all;
• it is easy enough to find arguments for inclining opponents to your side;
• prevent professional and life mistakes;
• deal with sophistry and demagoguery;
• be able to quickly formulate an answer to the question posed, avoiding blurting out the first thought that came to mind, which can greatly harm later;
• clearly see the manipulations by other people, do not become a victim of their deception;
• be aware of mistakes made by other people or yourself, quickly and easily eliminate them.

Why develop logic?

How to develop thinking? Every person has developed it in one way or another. But for a better understanding of reality and the ability to operate with it, logical thinking, developed at a sufficiently high level, is necessary. This can only be learned through practice.

Creative thinking can be developed and negative thinking eliminated. The brain is trained just as much as the muscles, perhaps more. By constantly training thinking and memory, a person can develop throughout his life, methodically improving his performance. The development of intellectual abilities is the guarantor of effective self-improvement.

Thanks to the ability to think logically, a person acquires the ability to think creatively, because a completely different understanding of reality opens up, which gives many advantages.

It is generally accepted that creative thinking is opposed to logic and reason, but this is an incorrect statement. Creative perception of reality is the basis for creativity. This does not mean the need for negative thinking, which is characterized by a concentration exclusively on the bad. On the contrary, it allows you to train the brain, clear it of stereotypes and interfering attitudes, look at everything from the outside. This opens up perfect horizons. As a result, the ability to solve problems in a non-standard way, to find previously impossible ways.

Henry Ford

When a person asks the question of how to develop thinking, it can be said with full confidence that he understands perfectly well what role it plays in our life. And this role, believe me, is huge. Thanks to developed thinking, each of us can achieve very high results in almost any business, even without having the necessary knowledge for this, since well-developed thinking will easily lead a person to any knowledge he needs and allow him to use it competently. Thinking is the most important tool for a person in this world. There are many kinds of thinking, as well as ways to develop them. And each type of thinking has its advantages and some, as a rule, not very significant, disadvantages. Thinking can be: logical, analytical, deductive, inductive, systemic, creative, and so on. At the same time, any thinking is reduced to one common action that allows it to function. And in order to develop thinking, it is necessary to learn how to perform this action effectively. In this article, I will tell you about what and how you can do to develop your thinking.

To begin with, let's, friends, find out what thinking is. As you probably know, there are quite a few definitions of thinking [as well as everything else in this world], each of which reflects different sides, or aspects of this rather complex class of mental processes. And without a doubt, each of the definitions has a greater or lesser right to exist, and each of them is useful in its own way. I will give my thinking, in my opinion, the most correct and precise definition, from which we will proceed in the future. It is different from the definitions you might find in books on the subject. But it suits me just fine, and I hope it suits you too.

Thinking is the process of searching for relevant and/or new information, or, if you prefer, searching for truth, through questions that a person poses to himself and then moves in many different directions to find several answers to each of his questions and choose from them most from his point of view the correct answer. This search should be carried out by a person both in the external and in his inner world. Or you can also say this: thinking is the process of switching a person’s attention with the help of questions posed to himself from one information to another and establishing a logical connection between these pieces of information. Moreover, information can be not only real, but also fictional, when a person himself comes up with something new, that is, comes up with a new answer to his question. The quality of thinking is precisely determined by a person’s ability to invent new information, or very skillfully manipulate the information he already has in order to find a solution to some issue, some problem, to find something that he does not yet know about. That is, new information, new knowledge - you can come up with the help of questions correctly posed to yourself.

Thus, everything that concerns thinking, for us, comes down to the ability of a person to pose the right questions and look for answers to them. Moreover, the more intense, intense and more complex this search, the better and more effective the person's thinking. And the easier it is to search for information, the fewer questions a person asks himself and the faster he finds the easiest answers to the questions that arise before him, the weaker his thinking. For example, if a person does not look for new information at all, when some questions arise before him, but is content with ready-made answers that he knows and which, from his point of view, are not just true, but the only true ones, but in fact often turn out to be superficial and outdated , then it is simply not necessary to talk about the presence of a well-developed thinking in him. And it's another matter when a person actively seeks or in some cases even comes up with answers to his questions, that is, creates new information based on existing information. In this case, we can say that his thinking is well developed. But putting the right question in front of you, so that with its help you come to another right question, and then to another question, and so on until you find the answer you need to solve a specific problem or task, is very difficult. Therefore, it is impossible to really develop your thinking well by solving puzzles and puzzles, guessing crossword puzzles, playing chess, logic puzzles, picking up a Rubik's cube and the like. These are all child's play for our thinking. In order to develop, it must work on more complex and at the same time competently set tasks, dealing with their solution with the help of correctly selected questions.

Let me briefly explain how our thinking works. Our thoughts, if we consider them as a process that we call thinking, are a kind of hooks that connect some images and concepts in our head with other images and concepts. We call this relationship a causal relationship, when another follows from one phenomenon, or another from one statement. And images and concepts are the types of information that we operate with. But when we consider our thoughts already as information that is stored in our head in the form of images and concepts, then with the help of questions and the search for answers to them, we establish causal relationships between these thoughts [between information cells] and with their help we collect a general picture of the vision of the world or a general picture of a single situation. That is, you see, friends, our thinking is a kind of instruction for working with information, which is based on correctly posed questions.

Above, I said that a person himself must put questions before himself in order to think, but in fact, thinking turns on, or better to say, starts, and when looking for answers to other people's questions. Because other people's questions, in turn, generate questions in your head. Well, let's say I ask you this question: “How can I light a fire?”, And you already need to start thinking, start looking for information in order to answer me something. How will you do it? You will also ask yourself the question - what and how you better answer me. You can tell me that you don't know how fires are made, or you can give me the necessary information on this subject, if you have it, or you can come up with something else, for example, ask a counter question: “Why do you need this?” . This choice that you will make, deciding what and how to answer me, is a thinking process that will consist of questions you pose to yourself and search for answers to them. If you think very carefully about your answer, giving it enough attention and sorting through all the possible options in order to find the best, then your thinking will be conscious, and if you answer automatically, then your thinking will be unconscious. It also consists of questions and answers, but they do not fall into your field of attention, so you cannot control them. So a question that comes to you from the outside will inevitably lead to several questions inside your head that will start the process of thinking. If this question is difficult, then you will have to tinker a lot with the information you have before finding a suitable answer, provided that your thinking is conscious. You may need to modify the information you have in some way to adapt it to your specific situation, or you may want to ask clarifying questions to the person asking the question or questions to you to better understand what question you need to seek an answer to. . In other words, all thinking is based on questions and answers. This is to put it simply. And we do not need to complicate this issue with you.

As you can see, friends, having defined thinking, we have already partly answered the question of how to develop this very thinking. You need to learn how to ask the right questions and be able to find answers to them, both right and wrong. And then to determine which of the answers found may be correct. And for this, again, you need to ask the right question, which will allow you to move even further and clarify even more information for yourself. In general, the process of thinking is not an easy process. Thinking has always been hard. But it needs to be done.

So, what have we found out. We found out that in order to develop thinking, it is necessary, firstly, to launch it, and secondly, to improve its work. How to start thinking? To do this, as we have learned, you need to ask yourself the right question. What is the correct question? The right question is first of all a question about a question. This is the very first question you need to ask yourself when thinking about this or that question. That is, you must understand - why do you need to puzzle over the question before you, why go deep into some topic at all, for what purpose will you do this? You see, anyone, even the smartest person, can be loaded with absolutely useless information for him, so that his brain starts working on it, to the detriment of more important matters. Thus, a person can simply be distracted from thoughts that are important to him. But thinking is what we are given to avoid such situations. Therefore, by asking why we should think about anything at all, we can control our thinking and use it for our own good. Therefore, I repeat, the question about the question is the very first question that you need to ask yourself in order to properly set up your thinking.

Next, you need to think about how many answers there can be to a particular question to which you decide to find an answer. In order not to think linearly and stereotyped, you need to take a broader look at the questions you are facing. Never allow yourself to be satisfied with just one answer to a particular question - look for as many answers as possible, asking yourself what they, these answers, can still be, in addition to those that you already know. The more options you find, the better. If you can't find new answers, think of them. And no matter how absurd they turn out, the main thing is that they will not allow you to slow down your thinking by stopping the process of finding answers with new questions. And this process must necessarily last as long as possible in order to give your brain the load necessary for its development, thanks to which you can, so to speak, pump your thinking. It's like with muscles - you can't do push-ups or pull-ups once to make them grow and make them more resilient. Muscles need to be loaded until they go beyond their limits in order to adapt to new loads, only then they will begin to grow and become more resilient. And only then will your thinking begin to develop, when it will go beyond its current capabilities with the help of the necessary load. Therefore, ask yourself questions and look for, construct, invent answers to them until you feel that the limit of your mental capabilities has been overcome. The brain must get used to building logical chains, creating cause-and-effect relationships, finding new information with their help, generating new information, connecting images and concepts with each other and constructing from them a complete picture of the world or some particular phenomenon. So try to make automatic decisions as little as possible, no matter how correct they are, so as not to wean your brain to think. You can train your thinking in this way constantly, in any situation - just by being curious about everything that surrounds you and asking yourself more and more questions about what you want to know.

And finally, the last thing I want to tell you about in this article, but not the last one on this issue, is the curiosity I already mentioned above, as well as such a thing as doubt, or better to say, a state of doubt. With the help of doubt and curiosity, you can generate an incredible number of questions, the search for answers to which will allow you to actively develop your thinking. Curiosity encourages a person to look beyond what he knows. With its help, a person can ask questions about a variety of things about which he would like to know as much as possible. And curiosity plus doubts encourage a person to doubt the truths that he already knows. And then he asks a very important question, both for any scientist and for each of us: “Why is something arranged the way it is, and why does something work the way it works?” So curiosity helps us think big and far, and doubt plus curiosity helps us think deep. The main thing is that you, friends, have questions, and you are not content with the answers to them known to you, but are looking for new answers to these questions for you and new answers in general. Then your thinking will work and develop.

I can't help but tell you that I have a very interesting training program that allows you to develop thinking. It comes down to just the two main actions I described above - the ability to ask yourself questions and the ability to find answers to them with the help of other questions. This program is very unusual, you probably have not come across anything like this in your life, because, as far as I know, few places teach the ability to ask questions, especially to yourself, basically everywhere people are taught something with the help of ready-made answers. So for those who are interested, you can try to pump your brain in an unusual, but very useful way for the development of thinking.

Finally, I would like to briefly tell you how you can benefit from a very developed mindset so that you do not lose motivation to work on its development. In our time, friends, knowledge is no longer the power it used to be. They are still very important and they need to be received, but it is thinking that comes to the fore in importance. Whoever has it more developed is stronger, or, if you like, more successful in life. And knowledge today quickly becomes obsolete, and it is available to many. Today, almost everyone can get the necessary knowledge, the necessary information - at any time and in any place. In the same cell phone, you can download as much information as you will not be able to master in your entire life. And search engines answer any questions faster and more accurately than any, even a very smart person. Therefore, it is not so important to know a lot, it is much more important to be able to correctly use the knowledge you have and find, or even better, invent new knowledge and create new information. And in order to work productively with different information and benefit from it, you need to have developed thinking. It will help you quickly solve any problems and tasks.

Every day a person has to look for solutions to various problems or simply compare facts. In everyday life, we rarely think that such skills can be developed. It seems to many that this is unrealistic for adults, others refer to the lack of time. Today we will consider such a question as the development of logical thinking.

What it is?

In order to fully understand what kind of phenomenon this is, let's pay attention to its components - the actual thinking and logic.

Thinking is understood as a mental process during which information is processed and connections are established between events, objects or phenomena. The factor of subjectivity, that is, a personal attitude to something, is very strong here.
Logic leads to objectivity in our thinking. Simply put, it is the science of correct, true thinking. It has its own methods, laws and forms. The “cornerstone” for her is experience and knowledge, not emotions.

In order to come to simple conclusions, common sense is enough. But in difficult situations one cannot do without appropriate thinking, which helps to “work out” the most correct course of action even with a minimum of facts.

Important! The first exercises are best done one-time. For example, solve one crossword puzzle or play a few simple games of chess. This will be enough to get you started.

Logical thinking is a process in which a person resorts to logical concepts based on evidence and reasonableness. Its goal is to get a reasonable conclusion based on "givenness", that is, specific premises.

There are three types of logical reasoning:

• Figurative-logical. With it, the situation is, as it were, “played out” by the imagination, while we recall the images of the objects involved or the features of phenomena. Yes, you can call it imagination.
• Abstract. Here it is already more complicated, categories, objects or connections that do not exist in reality (that is, abstractions) are used.
• verbal in which people share their logical judgments with others. Here, not only the tendency to analyze is important, but also competent speech.

Having learned what logic is, let's see how it can be useful in life.

What is it for?

The ability to think logically is valuable for everyone, regardless of the type of activity. True, for some it is a means of obtaining a general, everyday conclusion, while others use formalized and strict logic (engineers, philosophers, mathematicians).

Did you know? Aristotle was the first to systematize knowledge of logic. The philosopher wrote a cycle of six works devoted to basic concepts and categories. This collection is known as the Organon.

Mind training helps:

• Faster and more accurate to draw the right conclusions even in;
• Calculate soberly, avoiding self-deception and not allowing yourself to be deceived;
• Fix your own mistakes and ;
• State your arguments clearly and concisely;
• Persuade the interlocutor, giving the necessary arguments.

Any of these points is worth thinking about working on your logical apparatus. Having mastered these techniques, you can quickly separate the necessary data from the verbal or documentary “husk”. There is also a psychological point: with such an “arsenal”, a person is not afraid of difficulties and confidently achieves academic success or career heights.

Logical thinking: innate or acquired?

The ability to think logically is a trait that people acquire. This is confirmed by both psychologists and other specialists. No one is born with the gift of logical thinking already formed.

Even the simplest level, figurative-logical, manifests itself by the age of one and a half years, when they begin to analyze everything that surrounds them, and gradually separate the important from the secondary.

Such skills are often called experiential, that is, those that are associated with personal experience. Unfortunately, templates are often added to them, which are “driven in” by the environment. This is how you lose your ability to think critically.

Meanwhile, anyone can reach the level of abstraction. Often we talk about non-existent phenomena without even thinking about the fact that our logical apparatus is working hard at this time.
Teachers and "techies" will confirm that their own experience and regular training perfectly develop logic, even if a person was far from regular multi-level thinking. There would be a desire.

Can adults develop logical thinking?

It is possible and even necessary. The world is changing very quickly, and with the old “baggage” of knowledge, it can be difficult to think about something in a balanced way. Many people think that the basics received at school or university will be enough, but this is not entirely true.

It happens that the first levels are passed easily, and then it’s already “parking”. Do not despair, give a little rest, and the solution will surely come.

Do not be afraid to peep the answers (especially at the very beginning of classes). Knowing the input data and solutions, you can calculate a logical solution path and apply it to other situations.

Important! It also helps to read serious books - historical, philosophical or popular science. It’s not worth “swallowing” them hundreds of pages, read a little, pondering the information.

In many serious companies, HR specialists give candidates such problems in the course of the process, evaluating the speed of the solution and the reasoning of the answer. They can be both purely professional and without reference to the type of activity. So the logic will have to work.

Board games

The first thing that comes to mind is chess. A leisurely game requires analysis and thoughtfulness, while reaction speed is not needed here. You can play with anyone, but it is better to choose a stronger opponent who can show the fastest and most effective combinations. After a few games, you will notice that you yourself are playing complex etudes, counting on a move - two ahead.

There are also a lot of other games - whole thematic sets are offered, based on the plots of popular books or TV shows. So you can have a great time with friends or family, at the same time keeping the logic “in good shape”.

There are also plenty of such games for ingenuity. This is a great tool for those who are thinking about how to develop logic. Some of them come with a countdown, but this should not be annoying.
All of them use the principle of "cause and effect". That is, the original data may have several solutions, but only one will be correct. For all the seeming simplicity, it will be difficult for an unprepared person at first - the answer options often seem mutually exclusive, although they are composed in such a way that, it seems, any one fits. This is the essence of training.

Did you know? One of the "fathers" of modern (or non-classical) logic is the Russian philosopher Nikolai Aleksandrovich Vasiliev. Having begun work back in tsarist times, already in 1918 he entered the list of "old" scientists recognized by the Soviet government.

The number of questions can be anything - from 10 or more, so you can "indulge" in such tasks even at lunchtime.

Crosswords and puzzles

Everything is simple here. In an effort to fill in all the cells with the missing words, we “scroll” all our knowledge.

Japanese Sudoku is more difficult. You have to fill in the cells so that in each 3x3 square (and there are usually 9 of them), the numbers from 1 to 9 come across once, and with large lines and columns the same story. Start with the simplest, usually the difficulty is indicated in the task.

An excellent way would be to solve graphic crossword puzzles, at least the same Japanese ones. They have one solution in the form of a picture. It will turn out if you shade the cells correctly (focusing on the indicated numbers). Here, too, you can peep the solution and compare it with the initial data - it can be difficult to navigate right away.

You can try to make your own crossword puzzle. Guessing can be more difficult than looking for an answer, especially since you have to correlate the arrangement of letters and cells.

The study of deduction and induction

In order not to complicate things, we immediately note that the deductive method provides for a conclusion from the general to the particulars, and induction, on the contrary, brings the scattered to the general.

Important! The diary helps to analyze the connection of events. To some, it seems archaic, but at times it is useful to re-read old entries and restore them in subsequent actions and “calculate” possible options for their development.

Deduction- this is pure logic, but it has one weakness: the initial facts must be true. Here is an example of such a conclusion: “all racing cars are difficult for ordinary drivers”, “I am an ordinary driver”, therefore “I will not cope with a powerful car on the track”.

In life, we often use inductive way, such reasoning is based on facts that may not be true. Then our conclusions have to be substantiated. Often this leads to hasty generalizations and wrong decisions. There is also the so-called incomplete induction, in which the conclusion significantly exceeds the "sum" of individual facts.

These abilities can be developed by mentally “chasing away” various everyday situations and cases.

We develop logical thinking in children

When working with, you have to take into account their age. It is worth remembering this when thinking about how to develop logical thinking in a child.

At different stages of development, equally diverse logical methods are used:

• For the smallest (up to 3 years), clarity and simplicity are important. At this stage, the foundations are laid: kids learn to distinguish between different things and (objects for various purposes and cubes that are different in coloring are used).

Did you know? Mastering logical techniques in early age sometimes leads to unusual results. For example, the legendary mathematician William Sidis consciously called himself an atheist at the age of six, which was a bold step for America at the beginning of the 20th century.

• At the age of 3-4 years, verbal-figurative logic is fixed. The easiest way is to draw with one extra object. The child is offered to tell why he is not suitable. You can also play with words.
• Before school (5 - 6 years old) they take the simplest tasks with numbers and graphic games, and complicate speech and question games;
• After 7 years, they try to improve their speech skills, develop the ability to generalize, analyze and search for cause-and-effect relationships. During this period, they move to abstractions.

To make it interesting for children, classes are held in the form of a game. Individual inclinations are also taken into account. At the same time, tasks are not solved “on the forehead” - if it is difficult for a child, then they are simplified. And, of course, no notes.

Puzzles

They must be age appropriate. In this case, the child imagines what objects or phenomena are mentioned in the task. The main emphasis is on figurative thinking - in the form of a riddle, kids usually reveal new "facets" of the things around them.

This approach allows you to evaluate everything that happens in a multifaceted way. The most effective interval for such exercises is from 2 to 5 years.

In any children's store, there are many such sets. Again, choose based on age.

For kids, it is better to choose a set of large figures (the same cubes or balls). They do not contain elements that a child can inadvertently swallow. Assembling simple structures from them (snakes, houses, etc.), you activate the logical apparatus - the baby remembers the characteristic features and tries to recreate them.
To the services of those who are older - prefabricated modules such as "Lego". Here you have to work according to the instructions, correlating the details with the image. The help of parents will be very helpful. Such sets have another plus - nodes can be combined. For example, to assemble another house or another car from “blocks”. It will only benefit by developing thinking.

It is more difficult with younger schoolchildren - it is not easy to tear modern children away from gadgets, and you will not interest them in banal cubes. This is where parents come into play. In stores you can see kits for assembling models of aircraft or ships. If you buy a set of initial complexity with a small number of parts, you can not only interest the child, but also spend more time with him - without the help of his father, he is unlikely to immediately collect what is in the picture.

Games

For kids, games with geometric figures are suitable. Offer to find the extra one or collect the same ones. At the same time, ask how they differ.

Did you know? Collecting Rubik's cubes for speed began immediately after their appearance. The current record belongs to Colin Barnes (5.25 s). But the Brazilian Pereira Campagna, with a result of 25.14 s, is hardly inferior to him in skill - he collected the piece ... with his feet!

Here the association is also connected - by showing the figure, you can ask what it resembles. For spatial imagination, they are folded into the simplest structures such as a house.

Speech games are also important, especially those focused on the difference: “in spring it is warm, and in winter it is ...”. If this is a stage already passed, they name the objects and ask them to say which group they belong to.
Older children can be shown the basics of playing chess or checkers. Explaining the move of the figures, you seem to provoke the child to try out different options. Simple "tic-tac-toe" should not be forgotten either.

Puzzles

Such logical "alphabets" lay the foundations of thinking. Their elements are made large and safe for children.

Popular types are dies that are connected if the patterns on them match the desired color or letter. For example, one has a black cat

True, it is better to postpone complex monochromatic sections like the image of the sky - if it was not possible to collect it right away, the child may lose interest or lose faith in his strength.

We learned how to "develop" your logic skills and what it takes. As you can see, it is quite simple for both an adult and a child. Good luck in training!

In everyday life, every person has to apply logical thinking every day. The use of logic and the construction of chains of interconnection is required, both in career matters and during ordinary household activities, for example, visiting a supermarket or making routes. Some cope with this easily and naturally, while others experience certain difficulties in finding answers even for the most elementary logical problems, the speed and correctness of solving which depend primarily on how well a person’s logical thinking is developed. This article will talk about what logic is, as well as introduce methods and ways of how to develop logical thinking for an adult.

The essence of the concept of "logical thinking"

Logic is not identical to knowledge, although its area coincides with the area of ​​knowledge. Logic is the common connoisseur and judge of all private investigations. It does not aim to find evidence; it only determines whether evidence is found or not.

Logic does not observe, does not invent, does not discover - it judges. So, logic is the science of the functions of reason, which serve to evaluate evidence; it is the doctrine of both the process of transition from known truths to unknown ones, and of all other mental actions, insofar as they help this process.

John Stuart Mill

It's important to know! Reduced vision leads to blindness!

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To begin with, we will analyze separately the two components of the concept of logical thinking - logic and human thinking.

What is logic? Translated from the Greek language, logic is called "the science of true thinking" and "the ability to reason." In the generally accepted sense, it is customary to call logic the science of the methods and laws of human intellectual activity. Logic is the study of methods to achieve truth, using the experience and knowledge gained in the past.

Thinking is considered to be a mental process, during which the processing of previously received information, the establishment of interdisciplinary connections takes place. Thanks to objectivity and correctness of thinking, a person has the opportunity to get an idea of ​​the true state of things.

Together we get a definition of what a person's logical thinking is. This is a thought process during which logic is used, logical constructions are applied. The goal of this type of thinking is to draw reliable, objective conclusions based on the available information.

Areas and areas of use of logic

There is no such branch of human life, wherever the use of the skills to think using logic is required. Including the humanities, which is no exception, logical constructions are also used in their study.

Often, a person’s logical thinking manifests itself on an intuitive level, regardless of the efforts made. The use of logic makes it possible to speed up the process of thinking, to make it better, to express one's thoughts more correctly, and also to draw true conclusions, avoiding false judgments.

Why you need to develop the ability to think logically:

• Clearly, in an accessible form, express all your thoughts and arguments
• Quickly find the right solution to problems, even in a critical situation
• Correct your mistakes, avoid making new mistakes
• Developing objective connection skills helps you succeed in your career or school
• Creative approach to problem solving is sometimes more productive than generally accepted standards

Many people think that logical thinking is the ability to brilliantly solve puzzles and intricate puzzles. However, this is not quite true. The structure of logical thinking includes many mental skills, such as the ability to make correct conclusions, to concisely argue one's point of view during a debate, to concretize, generalize, analyze and systematize acquired knowledge.

The logical thinking of a person is divided into three points: figurative, verbal (verbal) and abstract.

1. Figurative-logical thinking. This type of thinking is based on the visualization of tasks and a visual search for solutions. Simply put, a figurative view in another way can be called a property of the imagination.
2. Abstract-logical thinking. Logical constructions contain abstract models, that is, non-existent in nature, unreal objects. In order to thoroughly master this type of thinking, an individual must be able to abstract from the material.
3. Verbal-logical thinking. Manifested through the use of speech structures. For successful verbal thinking, it is necessary not only to build strict logical chains, but also competent coherent speech.

When logical thinking is laid

Only a few people think logically. Most of us are biased, prejudiced, infected with preconceptions, jealousy, suspicion, fear, pride and envy.

Dale Carnegie

A person is not born immediately with certain inclinations to successfully draw the right conclusions and build logical structures. The logical thinking of a person is not innate, but an acquired property. Even the basic figurative type of thinking manifests itself in children at the age of 1.5 years. The ability to think abstractly appears much later - at primary school age, at about 7 - 8 years. Logic develops gradually with the development of the personality itself. However, regular training and exercises will only give a positive result in the development of logical thinking.

The main type of development of preschool children is precisely logical tasks and exercises. Since it is logical thinking that will help the child achieve success in the future by using his intellect. Development takes place in a playful way, according to the age characteristics of children. Logic lessons are included both in the kindergarten curriculum and in the school curriculum. However, parents should not neglect independent studies at home. After all, by developing logical thinking, you improve the intellectual skills of your child.

Is it possible for an adult to improve and improve his logical thinking? Of course, this is possible and even necessary, because in the modern world everything is subject to very rapid changes, the knowledge gained at school and university is gradually becoming obsolete, and there is a need to update information. The development of the ability to build logical conclusions for an adult can be a very pleasant process, since, as in the case of children, it can also take place in a playful way. If you are an eternal student or a typical pedant, then you can draw up a detailed plan for serious exercises. However, it will be much more interesting to get together with friends and play logic games. The information obtained in this way will more reliably settle down in the mind and be fixed in the memory of a person than dry memorization of the rules and solving boring tasks.

Ways to develop logical thinking

If you are determined to take on pumping your brain, then the first thing you need to do is to eradicate your laziness and start looking for suitable methods and tasks. There are many ways to train the mind. Let's consider some of them in more detail:

1. Board games. Paired and for a large group of friends, serious and humorous - the choice is huge, you just need to determine which type is more interesting for you. The most popular board games for the development of human logical thinking include:

• Chess
• Checkers
• Backgammon
• "Monopoly" ("Big Business")
• "Erudite" ("Scrabble", "Balda")
• Card games ("Munchkin", "Uno")

2. Logic tasks. In the search and selection of logical problems, use books or the Internet, where there are a lot of different examples and thematic collections. Start with the easiest level, gradually increase the load, move to the highest level of difficulty. If you do not know the answer, do not hesitate to peek, because knowing the source data will help you understand the solution and build a logical chain. This type of task includes:

• puzzles
• Graphic puzzles
• Text problems
• Puzzles
• Anagrams
• Puzzles
• Rubik's Cube
• Solitaire ("Mahjong", varieties of card layouts)

Example of a logical task: Seven sisters spend their leisure time together. The first is playing chess. The second is reading. The third one removes. The fourth is watering the flowers. Fifth - plays with the cat. Sixth - embroider. But what does the seventh sister do? Correct answer: The seventh sister plays chess with the first.

3. . There are many online tests based on the principle of cause and effect. Most often, these are games of the “Find the extra” type.

4. Puzzles, crosswords, crosswords, chainwords and more. Particularly difficult are digital types - Japanese crosswords and sudoku. Also, an excellent task for developing the ability to think logically will be self-compilation of a crossword puzzle.

5. Mastering deductive and inductive methods.Deduction This is logic in its purest form. In 99.99%, the deductive method gives the correct answer to the solution of the problem. In everyday life, induction is more often used - reasoning based on facts that have a certain percentage of falsity. If explained in simpler terms, then inductive reasoning begins with particular inferences and seeks confirmation in general terms. The deductive method, on the contrary, originates from the external world, and the conclusion is already presented in the form of individual inferences.

An example of a deductive method: Winter has come and therefore it is snowing outside.

An example of the inductive method: It started to snow outside, so it's winter.

There are some useful tips that contribute to the development of a person’s logical thinking without putting much effort:

1. Learn to write with your right hand if you are left-handed. And vice versa. This exercise helps develop the skills of the less-used hemisphere of the brain.
2. Constant change of activities. Spend exactly one hour on one view, after the time has elapsed, move on to another occupation. Quickly changing the type of work will help accelerate adaptive thinking skills.
3. Read detective novels. And try to guess the culprit yourself. In this way, you will do a great job developing your own deduction.
4. Daily walks in the fresh air can improve not only logical, but also all other types of thinking.
5. Give explanations for your actions. Analyze everything that you do, calculate the options: what will happen if you leave the case unfinished, what the final result of the work looks like, etc.

Logical thinking of a person: why you need to develop logic

Perhaps, some people think that it is not at all necessary to develop logical thinking, it is perfectly possible to do without the use of logical connections. Such judgments are fundamentally wrong. After all, logical thinking and human activity are inextricably linked. Even in everyday life, one should master the skills of building objective chains. For example, people in ancient times were able to save their lives thanks to logic and observations - if their fellow tribesman ate a berry and died, then it is quite logical that others should not eat these berries. Or, for the first gardeners and farmers, such skills were useful to know that if, for example, you plant a cherry seed, then, logically, a cherry will grow out of it and nothing else.

We will not consider the benefits of the structure of mental structures for managers or representatives of technical professions. Even an ordinary janitor understands that sweeping dust against the wind is absolutely illogical. Or the painter, using logical connections, will not start painting the floor from the door to the wall.

Therefore, the logical thinking of a person plays an important role in building a successful career, logic is the key to the normalization of communication between people, the ability to defend and argue one's opinion, as well as to realize the truth and objectivity of everything that happens.

In this article we will talk about the types of thinking and their development. In the modern world, without the ability to think outside the box, it is very difficult to get into people. A person is not if he does not develop his thinking. After all, if you look closely at rich people, we will find that they all have developed non-standard thinking. All outstanding people think differently than ordinary people, therefore they have exceptional results. So how to develop thinking? More on that below.

How to develop creative thinking?

How to develop imagination? I will not talk about how deductive and inductive thinking develops, I will rather focus on the development of creative thinking. Most people have a problem with this kind of thinking. We are accustomed in school and student years to be guided by the logic that our imagination has atrophied. Why am I so bold about this? My observations of people, analytics and logic helped me see this. If you have been reading me for a long time, then you know that I go to dances, do acting, study English. In acting classes, the teachers made us come up with miniature scenes. I do not want to brag, but such tasks were given to me easily and simply. I had serious problems with the solution of equalities, inequalities, logarithm, but I never had any inventing jokes. So I noticed how many people can’t come up with anything at all, they can’t even play their ready-made roles normally.

It's the same at dancing: what the teacher gave, the person learned. There we learn ligaments and sometimes freestyle. Few people go to freestyle, because it also needs imagination plus courage. Many people are afraid to show themselves. It's easier to memorize the link and that's it. So, any combination can be altered for yourself, some movements can be removed, some can be added. The teachers don't mind it. But for some reason, of all people, I'm the only one doing this? I don’t change anything drastically, I just add my movements somewhere. Other people stupidly memorize movements.

The problem is the same in English courses. People stupidly perform exercises and do nothing. The task was to compare animals. There were pictures of animals, and at the bottom there were ready-made options, you had to read them correctly. For example: big/rhino/elephant. Correct Answer: An elephant is bigger than a rhino. Any dumbass can do it. We worked in pairs, I worked with one not very ... generally uncreative girl. I tell her, compare a bear (bear) with a giraffe (giraffe). So she answered me that there is no such option in the task (I mean in the list of ready-made answers). I insisted that she try to come up with her own version, not ready, and she did it. She said: A bear is stronger than a giraffe. I said: A giraffe is taller than a bear and more yellow than a bear.

To develop creative thinking, a person needs to constantly invent something, remake it for himself, create and compose. What are your brains for? Read the article -. Even if you come up with complete nonsense, it's better than stupidly following the system, being like everyone else, thinking like everyone else, doing like everyone else. Successful and rich people have become successful because they are guided by imagination.

On this article on the development of thinking and types of thinking came to an end. I wish you big brains and endless creative imagination. Chao!

development of thinking, types of thinking, how to develop thinking

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