Classroom functions.
Classroom forms.
Classroom preparation.
Conducting a classroom.
The concept of "class hour".
One of the main forms of extracurricular educational work has been and remains the class hour. A classroom hour is a form of educational work in which students, under the guidance of a teacher, are included in specially organized activities that contribute to the formation of a system of relations to the outside world. V.P. Sergeeva
A class hour is a form of frontal educational work that is flexible in composition, which is a specially organized communication of the class teacher with the students of the class during extracurricular time in order to promote the formation of a class team and the development of its members E. N. Stepanov
Based on the above definitions of the class hour, certain features can be distinguished:
This is a form of educational interaction that is flexible in its composition and structure;
This is a form of communication between the class teacher and his students, the priority role in organizing which is played by the teacher.
The experience of successfully working class teachers testifies to the great pedagogical potential of this form of educational work. In the process of preparing and conducting class hours, it is possible to solve the following pedagogical tasks:
1. Creation of conditions for the formation and manifestation of the individuality of the student, his creative abilities.
2. Enriching the consciousness of students with knowledge about nature, society, man.
3. Formation of the emotional-sensual sphere and value relations of the child's personality.
4. Assimilation of knowledge, skills, cognitive and practical-creative activity by children.
5. Formation of a classroom team as a favorable environment for the development and life of schoolchildren.
2. Functions of the class hour:
The class hour performs a number of educational functions: (N.E. Shchurkova)
· educational(class hour allows you to expand the circle of knowledge of students that are not reflected in the curricula. This is information about events in the country and abroad, interesting people and problems. Maybe information from different fields of knowledge, phenomena of social life, psychological problems of children, in a word , about everything that worries the guys). Sample topics: "How etiquette appeared", "Our Constitution", "Problems of modern society".
· orientation(discussion of moral problems and values, i.e. the formation of certain attitudes among students to objects of the world around them on the basis of moral and spiritual values, in the development of a moral assessment of events and phenomena). Sample topics: "Who to be?", "What to be?"
· guide(this function of the classroom provides for the organization of the activities of pupils, the impact on their behavior, so that knowledge turns into convictions). Sample topics: International Year of the Child could end with a collective decision to collect books for toddlers from the Children's Home.
· formative(the function is manifested in the development of students' skills to think over and evaluate their actions and themselves, in the ability to conduct a dialogue, negotiate, defend their opinion with reason).
Most often, the class hour simultaneously performs all four of these functions: it enlightens, orients, directs, and shapes students. These functions, if possible, should be reflected in the formulation of the purpose of the educational event.
There are the following types of classes:
1. Moral class hours whose goals are:
Ø Enlightenment of students in order to develop their own moral views, judgments, assessments;
Ø Study, comprehension and analysis of the moral experience of generations;
Ø Critical reflection and analysis of one's own moral actions, actions of peers and classmates;
Ø Development of moral personal qualities (kindness, desire to help people, the ability to admit mistakes, defend one's point of view and respect other people's opinions)
2. Intellectual-cognitive class hours whose goals are:
Ø Development of cognitive interests
Ø Development of skills and abilities to realize their individual capabilities, the desire for self-improvement.
3.Themed class hours are aimed at:
Ø Development of students' horizons
Ø Spiritual development and formation of interests and spiritual needs in children
4.Information class hours aimed at:
Ø Formation of students' involvement in the events and phenomena of the socio-political life of their country, their city, district
Ø Application of knowledge gained in the lessons (for example, Moscow studies, natural history)
Ø Formation of a personal attitude to what is happening in the classroom, school, neighborhood, city, country
Ø Development of research skills
3. Forms of class hours:
A class hour can be held in the form of a class meeting, conversation (moral, ethical), debate, meeting with interesting people, quizzes in various fields of knowledge, KVN, travel games, it can be an excursion or a thematic lecture. Maybe an emergency class meeting or replacement for one reason or another of one form of conducting a class hour with another.
Forms of the class hour can be very different. Their choice depends on the level of development of the team, the characteristics of the class, the age differences of the children, the professionalism of the teacher, etc.
Classroom clock development
for elementary grades
Compiled by the teacher of the municipal educational institution "Volosovskaya NOSH"
Kuznetsova M.V..
Explanatory note
The main form of work of the class teacher is the class hour, where schoolchildren, under the guidance of the class teacher, are included in specially organized activities that contribute to the formation of a system of relations to the world around them, to each other, to themselves.
The concept and functions of the classroom
Generalized concept of class hour:
"A class hour is a form of educational work of teachers with students outside of school hours."
Functions.
Educational I - the class hour expands the circle of those knowledge of students that are not reflected in the curricula.
Orienting - the class hour forms the value orientations of students, a certain attitude to the world around them, to what is happening in it.
guide - class hour helps to transfer theoretical knowledge into the field of practice, to direct students to real practical cases.
Formative - the class hour contributes to the formation of basic skills and abilities (due to the variety of activities), strengthens relationships in the children's team.
Organization and conduct of the classroom
Concept and functions
Types and forms of class hours
Organization methodology
Benefits of Learner-Centered Classroom
Types and forms of holding
Various types of class hours are available. For example, depending on those goals , which the teacher sets himself, distinguish:
organizational(collective discussion of class and school affairs)
Classroom hour to sum upquarters, half years, years
Classroom hour to resolve a conflict, which arose in the class
Thematic class hour
Information class hour
Classroom hour to solve specific educational tasksdefined in terms of educational work
There are also types of class hours according to the nature of the activity, the degree of activity and independence of the children themselves and the role of the teacher in the preparation and conduct of the class hour.
The first kind - preparation requires broad knowledge and experience, children are involved in conversation, presentation of facts. It is possible to attract specialists.
The second kind is the main content of the main ideas is determined by the teacher, and the students themselves are looking for ways to implement them. Under the guidance of the teacher, students prepare fragments of the class hour
The third kind - The initiative group assumes responsibility for the preparation and implementation, and the teacher only directs its activities. The students themselves also lead such a class hour.
The following classroom forms are distinguished:
Conversation (ethical, moral)
Disputes
Meeting interesting people
Quizzes (for various fields of knowledge)
Discussions (on given topics)
KVNy
Games (travelling, role-playing)
Trainings
Reader conferences
Theatrical performances
Organization methodology
Drawing up, together with students, the topics of class hours for a quarter (half year, year)
Definition of the topic and tasks of the class hour
Determining the time and place of the event
Identification of key points and development of a plan for preparing and conducting a class hour
Definition of participants
Distribution of tasks between participants (individual and group activities)
Conducting a classroom
Class hour performance analysis
CLASSROOM HOUR
"Creating an Atmosphere of Interest in Each Other"
Target: get to know each other better and look at each other.
Form: impromptu game.
The class teacher, taking into account the specifics of his class (sociability, openness, mobility of students; are there newcomers, outsiders, etc. in the class), thinks over: a way to divide the class into microgroups, an introductory word, builds games and tasks in a logical sequence, prepares the necessary stationery.
STUDY PROCESS
Introduction:
The class teacher divides the class into 3-4 microgroups and seats the children so that it is convenient for each microgroup to work together. The teacher himself occupies such a place in the office, from where it is convenient to manage the work, everyone is clearly visible. The class teacher explains to the children the purpose of the meeting.
1 task:
If everyone looks in his portfolio, he will find many different things there, similar to those that other students have, but still quite special. So it is in our class: everyone is special, but everyone has something in common. We are all one class. Let's now imagine that we are collecting one big cool portfolio - a portfolio of 3 "B" class. Now each group will try to work together and quickly complete the tasks. Putting it all together, we will find out what kind of class we have?
2 task:
Try to make a collective portrait of your microgroup. Answer the questions:
What is your age?
What is everyone's height together? The weight?
What color are your eyes? Your hair?
What musical instruments can you play?
What sports do you do?
Microgroups make up a description for 3-5 minutes, then take turns presenting their portraits. Usually these are funny descriptions. It is important that in the course of work the guys talk about themselves. Since this happens in play, contact is easy and those children who may have kept aloof until now were "closed".
3 task:
Now let's see what special features each group has:
Let's count which group has the most brothers? sisters?
Which group has the most cats in the house? Dogs?
Who has other animals?
4 task:
You see, we have our own records. Let's continue their list.
What is the shortest name in your group.
What is the longest name.
Who has the earliest birthday of the year?
Who has a birthday later than everyone else in the year?
What time of the year does your group have the most birthdays? In winter? In the spring? Summer? In autumn?
5 task:
And now on the album sheet with a felt-tip pen draw a friendly caricature of your group. It must be made from those items that represent your hobbies.
Conclusion:
The class teacher reports everything that was created by microgroups, and names the features that can characterize "our 3rd "B"". The teacher offers to replenish “our portfolio” throughout the year: to collect all the achievements of the class there, the awards “that the class will receive in competitions and competitions, the most successful work of classmates (poems, essays, crafts, photographs).
You can make such a symbolic portfolio and store it in the office for which the class is responsible. And at the last class hour of the school year, “open” the portfolio and once again rejoice at the overall success and personal success.
CLASSROOM HOUR
"Creating the organizational structure of the class"
Target : teach children to organize their activities wisely.
The form : game practice.
It is necessary to divide the class into microgroups, determine their optimal number (6-8 people in a group). Most often, 4 microgroups are formed. They can be called teams, crews, etc. It is easier for fifth-graders to find understanding in a microgroup, to prove themselves. In addition, competition arises between microgroups, which stimulates the activity of the children, their initiative. It is important not to make a mistake in determining the composition of microgroups. You can not mechanically divide the class according to the number of students. Microgroups should be equivalent. Everyone needs someone who can handle the organizational work.
STUDY PROCESS
1 task: "Coat of arms"
Each state, each city has its own coat of arms. It reflects what this state, city can be proud of, express their attitude towards others. Create a crest for your team, expressing with symbols what you can value your team for. You can use the motto in the coat of arms - a short saying declaring your position.
2 task: "Desert island"
Imagine that you are on a deserted island. Now on the sheet where the island is depicted (each group is given a drawing the size of half a sheet of whatman paper, on which the island is clearly drawn in the middle of the sea, it is clear where its center, top, bottom), you will draw everything that can become a reality, everything necessary that , in your opinion, will help you survive on a desert island. Only one condition: try to draw everything at the same time. In this game, it is necessary to observe who in the microgroup took the lead, what and where to draw. The remarks exchanged by the participants are important: orders or requests, proposals; who managed to place their fragment of the picture where: in the center or in the far corner. Interesting, and what the guys draw. The winners in this game are not determined, but it is necessary to discuss what happened on each island: how the guys themselves explain why they chose exactly what fit on their island.
Task 3: "Who did it faster?"
Now you will be given tasks that are important to perform silently. Let's see which of the four teams will be able to complete the task faster without words:
Stand in one line according to the color of your hair: from the lightest to the darkest.
Stand in one line according to the first letter of your names from A to Z.
In this workshop, each microgroup will definitely have its own tactics. Somewhere a leader will emerge who will silently put everyone in the right place. In another group, someone will not be able to work in concert, in the end they will break the silence in order to reprimand someone for failure.
4 task: "Telegram"
Now you will receive a telegram in which only the first letters of the words remain. You will have to restore the text. Let's see who can do it faster and which
the text will be more interesting. All commands receive the same set of letters, for example: TBMVDKLOHZ.
5 task: "Comic circus"
Do you like to go to the circus? Now we will play a circus performance. Each group will prepare something for the circus program. And in order not to repeat the numbers, we will distribute by lot what to cook. So, the program includes:
trained predators;
magicians;
math dogs;
acrobats;
clowns.
CLASSROOM HOUR
"My roommate"
Target:
give students the opportunity to get to know their classmates better;
develop the ability to observe and correctly evaluate the actions of each other.
The form : straight Talk.
Class design: you can put a bouquet of flowers, use balloons, drawings with friendly cartoons. On the board - a wish for the guys to be friendly, kind, sensitive and fair towards each other; proverbs and sayings about friendship and philanthropy.
« Respect the human personality in yourself and others!”
D. I. Pisarev
“The smarter and kinder a person is, the more he notices goodness in people!”
B. Pascal
During the year, some class teachers move students from one place to another several times, and each of them has to sit with a boy or a girl. Sometimes the appearance of a new neighbor on the desk (table) causes indignation, tears or hidden discontent. The reasons for this are varied. To avoid such a reaction, you need to help the guys get to know, understand and appreciate each other better.
STUDY PROCESS
The opening speech of the class teacher, who needs to create a good mood, set the guys up for a frank conversation.
1 task
Invite students for 4-5 minutes in a friendly way, interestingly, without offending or humiliating, to talk about their neighbor on the desk.
2 task
Invite students to draw a portrait of their desk mate using their observations, using questions that he will answer at will, etc.
Sample questions for drawing up a portrait:
His name and what does it mean in translation into Russian?
Year, month and day of birth (the sign of the zodiac under which he was born, and what great people were born under this sign).
Does he have brothers, sisters (their names and ages)?
What pets live in his house (their nicknames, habits, habits)? (You can show their photos, if available.)
What does he do in his free time?
What can you do better than your classmates?
What games does he like to play?
What circles, sections, studios does he attend?
What school subjects does he like and why, and what does he not like and why?
What TV shows do you watch most often?
Does he have friends in the class? What does he value in people and in friends?
How does he treat his classmates?
Does he have a sense of humor?
Can you rely on him in difficult times? Can he help if you ask him to?
Which of his actions are worthy of respect, and which are not?
What can you advise him to correct in his behavior, habits?
What would you wish him on his birthday?
It will be nice if each student prepares a small gift (bookmark, sticker, calendar, or something else) for his desk neighbor. You can invite the guys sitting at the same desk (table) to prepare games, riddles, a mini-quiz based on the books they read or on the knowledge of their city, town, village and conduct it with students in their class. Preparing and conducting a joint business will bring the guys together, help to come to an agreement and mutual understanding. After the students sitting at the same desk (table) have talked about each other, they are invited to conduct a pre-prepared joint business with the class (a game, a mini-quiz, a small competition, etc.). Then the floor is given to another couple. If there is not enough time, then you can continue at the next class hour. In conclusion, you can draw the attention of the guys to the fact that they are all very different, unlike each other, but all are interesting and unique in their own way. In addition, they should be advised to work on their character, habits and correct what prevents them from having friends and being respected by classmates.
Meanings of some names:
Alla - other (Gothic) Alexei - assistant (Greek) Anna - merciful (heb.) Anatoly ascending (Greek) Andrew - courageous, brave (Greek) Anton - competitive (Latin) Boris - wrestling (Slavic) Valentine - strong (Latin) Valery - vigorous, healthy (Latin) Victor - winner (Latin) Vladimir - master of the world (Slavonic) Basil - royal (Greek) Galina - clarity (Greek) Dmitry - fruit of the earth (Greek) Catherine - true hope (Greek) | Elena - solar (Greek) Irina - peace (Greek) Kirill - mister (Greek) Konstantin - permanent (Latin) Kseniya - wanderer (Greek) Leonid - like a lion (Greek) Ludmila - dear to people (Slavonic) Maksim - great (Latin) Maria - bitter (other Hebrew) Marina Natalia native (Latin) Olga - light (Scandinavian) Novel - Roman (Latin) Sergey - tall, venerable (Latin) Svetlana - light (Slavonic) Tatiana - mistress (Greek) |
CLASSROOM HOUR
"Our class"
Target: identifying leaders in the class, determining the organizational structure of the team.
The form: collective creative work with game elements.
STUDY PROCESS
1 task: "Film studio"
Imagine that you are invited to make a film, for which you need to name the person who can organize the shooting of the film. After everyone has named one or three candidates for the “director”, candidates for leaders are identified from those who received the largest number of votes. They choose their assistants in turn, with the choice of the next being made after consultation with the assistants already chosen. After micro-groups of four or five people have been formed, everyone else is invited to choose a “film studio” for themselves and join these micro-groups. Each "film studio" is invited to prepare within 15-20 minutes a pantomime (sketch) on the theme of the life of the team in which the guys work or study. After carrying out this collective creative work, the class teacher asks to conduct an analysis in each microgroup and determine who turned out to be a real leader during the preparation of the "movie".
In the following competitions, the form of evaluation may be different. The simplest is voting. Those with the most votes are considered the winners of the competition.
2 task: "Elephant"
The participants in this game are the leaders identified in the first game. This task is to lay out an “elephant” from matches within a minute.
3 task: "Useful business"
The host gives the task to come up with the most interesting (useful) case.
4 task: "Agitator"
The host gives the task to agitate everyone to participate in the case invented by the candidate.
5 task: "Organizer"
The candidate proposes to acquaint the guys with the plan for organizing the business they invented. The ability to make a plan is assessed.
6 task: "People"
Candidates are invited to choose assistants and justify their choice. The ability to select people and correctly characterize them is assessed.
Task 7: "Program"
Everyone should continue the phrase: "If I am chosen, then I ...". The novelty, constructiveness and significance of the proposed program is evaluated. After scoring, the two highest scoring candidates are selected. After answering several questions, the participants in the game make their choice.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the class teacher conducts a collective analysis, together with the children determines the structure of the team, distributes assignments.
CLASSROOM HOUR
"We are all alike"
Goals: to give each child the opportunity to show both his originality and to find common features that unite him with others.
Form: game.
Materials: paper and pencil for each child.
STUDY PROCESS
Instruction
Break it down into fours or fives, please. Have each group sit down and make a list of what their members have in common. In this list, you can write, for example, “each of us has a sister ...”, “each of us has a soft toy ...”, “the favorite color of each of us is blue ...”, “each of our mom goes to work...”, “we all love pasta very much...”, “we all can't stand it when someone talks”, “during the holidays we all love to go to the sea...” and so on . You have fifteen minutes. The team that finds and writes down the most common features wins.
Exercise Analysis
Did you learn anything interesting about any of the other children?
Is there something that unites all the children in the class?
Is there anything that sets you apart from the rest of the kids in the class?
How did you work in your team?
Do you like to be like others or do you prefer to be different?
What should your friends be like - like you or completely different?
After the class hour, you can place the list resulting from the game in the class, returning from time to time to the common things that the children found in themselves and others.
CLASSROOM HOUR
"Hello world! Hello my friend!"
Target:
to continue work on creating a favorable psychological climate in the team;
expand students' understanding of different peoples and their culture.
The form: conversation with elements of the game.
STUDY PROCESS
Greeting is a sign of recognition of the value and dignity of a person. The variety of forms and the multi-color palette of greetings in various etiquettes are difficult to comprehensively describe and classify. Head nod, bow, handshake, kiss, air kiss, simple “good afternoon” and “Hello”, etc. are determined by a number of objective and subjective factors of an ethnographic and sociocultural nature. Greetings are extremely varied.
It is said about the Maasai tribe that before greeting each other, they spit on their hands.
A Tibetan, taking off his hat, sticks out his tongue, and holds his left hand behind his ear, as if listening.
Maori people touch each other with their noses.
In England, a woman on the street is usually the first to greet a man, since she is given the right to decide whether she wants to publicly confirm her acquaintance with this man or not.
Europeans, when greeting, raise their hats and bow slightly.
The Japanese have three types of bows for greeting: low, medium and light (with an angle of 15 degrees).
Russians, British, Americans shake hands as a greeting gesture.
The Chinese in the old days, meeting a friend, shook hands with himself.
The Laplanders rub their noses.
A young American greets a friend by patting him on the back.
Latinos embrace.
The French kiss each other on the cheek.
The military salute.
Samoans sniff each other.
Modern Greeks greet each other with the words: "Be healthy!"
English and American schoolchildren - exclamation: "Hey!".
The ancient Greeks said to each other as a sign of greeting: "Rejoice!".
Arabs greet each other with the phrase: "Peace be with you!".
Navajo Indians - the phrase "All is well!".
How do you greet each other? (Children answer the teacher's question.)
In a class society, forms of greeting are usually a reflection of hierarchical dependencies. Modern democratic etiquette is increasingly focused on humanism, equality and justice in relations between people. In democratic etiquette, the rule is increasingly accepted and even becoming the norm: the more polite greet first.
If the doctor is the first to greet the patient, then we can say that he is acting within the framework of democratic etiquette.
If the teacher is the first to greet the students, he also acts according to the laws of democratic etiquette.
If the student is the first to greet the teacher, he acts according to the call of his heart, greeting the elder as a sign of respect.
CLASSROOM HOUR
"Me and my friends"
Target:
Formation of the desire for joint activities with classmates and members of other associations, ideas about the dependence of the result of common work on the distribution of responsibilities and compliance with their members of the association;
fostering the habit of conscientiously fulfilling the duties of a member of a team (class, team, etc.).
Form: conversation and play.
STUDY PROCESS
Conversation with students
The teacher reports on different types of associations of people (team, group, company) and asks the question: “A group, team or company, in your opinion, were: seven kids in the fight against the wolf? Dolls of Karabas-Barabas helping Buratino? Rogues of the Snow Queen? The teacher draws attention to the difference in goals and methods of interaction in each of the discussed associations.
Game "Three things at the same time"
The assistant presenter (teacher) hangs a homemade pendulum (weight on a string) and sets it in motion, counting the number of oscillations. At this time, the teacher shows behind the pendulum three reproductions of paintings one after another and reads two short sentences. Students are divided into 2-3 teams. One person from the team goes to the board and perform tasks: count the number of vibrations, retell the sentences and describe the content of the pictures. The teacher summarizes the results and invites three participants from the teams to repeat the task (reproductions and sentences change). Attention is drawn to the fact that the exercise is easier to perform when the distribution of responsibilities.Discussing the results of the game, the teacher brings the children to the understanding that with a reasonable distribution of roles in the team, the result of the common cause will be better than when trying to complete the task individually on their own.
Etude "Good boy"
Winter. A little girl, playing with snow, lost her mitten, her fingers froze. The boy saw this and put his mitten on her hand. After completing the study, the teacher asks the question: “Did the boy do this because his mother was looking at him? Or could he not do otherwise, seeing the tears of a little girl?
Exercise "Magic phone"
Students are invited to call a “magic” phone to a distant country or a fairy-tale hero and talk about a group (team, other association) that is significant to them, for example: a detachment in the camp, friends in the yard, a sports team. The teacher helps to determine what helped, what prevented the establishment of positive relationships.The teacher underlines the statements about what helped them in joint activities with members of various associations, and together with the class formulates the rules for positive interaction. It is possible to perform exercises illustrating these rules (study “Good boy”, exercises “Please” and “Portrait of a White Crow, or Rules for decent treatment of those who are not like you”, etc.). Integration of the gained experience. Continue the statement "If our class were on a desert island, then I would distribute responsibilities like this ... because ...".
Exercise Please.
Students repeat all the movements after the leader, provided that he pronounces the word “please” at the same time.
Homework
Discuss with parents how responsibilities are divided among family members and why.
CLASSROOM HOUR
"Owls" and "larks"
Target:
the formation of the belief that taking into account one's own individual characteristics contributes to the rational distribution of efforts and helps in any activity;
development of ideas about the individual characteristics of fluctuations in working capacity.
Form: conversation.
Materials: illustrative material depicting situations requiring various forms of performance (weightlifter and boxer, jumper and marathon runner); forms, protocols for conducting research using the "Tapping Test" method, stopwatch, pencils.
STUDY PROCESS
Introduction
To update students' knowledge about the dependence of the success of the work performed and fluctuations in performance. The teacher demonstrates illustrative material and discusses with students the different types of performance and their need for various activities.
Main part
Provide students with the opportunity to independently study the features of fluctuations in their own performance and form ideas about the factors influencing it. Students perform a "tapping test" and count the results.For the study, forms, pencils, a stopwatch, a study protocol are required. A sheet of A-4 paper is used as a form, on which 6 squares are shown, numbered clockwise:
№ 1 - № 2 - № 3
№ 6 - № 5 - № 4
Square number 1 is training. The study consists of two stages. At the first stage, the subject is asked to put down points with a pencil (as many as possible) in the form with his right hand. At the signal of the experimenter, he should proceed to the arrangement of points from one square to another in a clockwise direction. The experimenter gives the command "New square" every 5 seconds. The second stage is carried out on a new form in the same way as the first, but the subject puts dots with his left hand. To process the results, the number of points in each square is counted and recorded in the protocol (see Research protocol). Then, performance graphs (PC) are plotted separately for the right and left hands: abscissa - five-second time intervals, ordinate - the number of points in each square (see graph).
Conventionally, we denote the graphs as follows:
A - convex type;
B - even type;
B - descending type;
G - intermediate and concave types.
The horizontal line marks the level of the initial pace of work in the first 5 seconds. Based on the graph, you can predict PC in the lessons. The graph is convex in type: the PC level of the subject increases in the first 10-15 seconds of work, then by the 25-30th second it may drop below the maximum level. The highest PC is in the first half and middle of the lesson with a gradual slight decrease towards the end. The graph is flat by type, the maximum PC level is kept approximately the same throughout the entire operation time. The graph is descending: the maximum PC level decreases already from the second 5-second interval and remains reduced throughout the rest of the work. The type of the nervous system is weak. The highest PC is at the beginning of the lesson with a sharp decrease towards the middle. Intermediate type graph: PC level decreases after the first 10-15 seconds. The highest PC is at the beginning of the lesson. The graph is concave in type: the initial decrease in the PC level is replaced by a short-term increase to the optimal one (ability for short-term mobilization). The largest PC is in the middle of the lesson.
Study protocol
Assignment Date Grade Student
The teacher draws attention to the differences in the periods of greatest performance, emphasizing that individual characteristics are not "good" or "bad", they are different. Knowledge and the ability to take them into account helps to rationally distribute one's strength, which concerns not only physical, but also intellectual efforts. It is proposed to complete the phrase “If I need to do two things, of which one is difficult and the other is easy, I will start with ... because ...”. The teacher reminds that many factors affect performance, and offers to name them (season, day of the week, time of day, etc.). It is discussed who the "owls" and "larks" are.
Final part
Development of a personal strategy for planning one's own activities, taking into account individual fluctuations in working capacity. It is proposed to draw up and justify an “ideal” plan for the week, including preparation and participation in competitions, an amateur concert, a presentation, a visit to the dentist, etc. The teacher draws the attention of students to the advantages of pre-planning their activities.
Homework
Draw up and discuss with family members an individual daily routine, taking into account fluctuations in working capacity.
Classroom hour occupies an important place in the educational process of the school. The classroom is the main structural link in the school. Here the origin and development of relations between students take place, their worldview is formed through the cognitive activity that is offered to them in the classroom.
Classroom hour- one of the forms of direct communication between a teacher and students, during which social and ethical education of students, the development of each student as an individual, the formation of a class team take place. Thus, the organization of a class hour for a teacher is not an easy and very responsible task.
The class teacher is engaged in the main educational and organizational work in the classroom. His duties include not only creating favorable conditions for the personal development of the student, but also effective assistance in solving the psychological problems that the child has in communicating with other students, parents and teachers.
The class teacher is, as it were, an intermediary between the student and society, helping to build relationships in the team through a variety of activities that contribute to the self-expression of each student and his development as an individual.
Participating in the formation of the primary children's team in the class, the class teacher must take on the role of leader, mentor, guardian and friend of his wards. He must be able to inspire the children, understand their needs, be an assistant, and not only organize, but also actively participate in the collective creative activities of his class.
Extracurricular communication between the class teacher and students occupies a very important place in educational work. At the same time, the class hour is one of the most common ways of organizing such communication. Despite the fact that a certain time is allotted for it in the school schedule, the class hour is not inherently a lesson. And communication on it can be attributed to extracurricular activities.
Classroom hour is the time spent by the teacher with the students of the class and organized in such a way that the children have the opportunity to take part in certain activities that contribute to the development of social relations and the formation of moral values.
Classroom hour usually takes place every week. It can last like a regular lesson, but this is not a prerequisite. Sometimes 15-20 minutes is enough to cover a topic. Other topics require longer communication.
Thematic class hour differs in that it is dedicated to a specific topic. Such communication is more holistic and complete, helps to focus students' attention on specific things, without being scattered over trifles. A class hour on a specific topic is more effective than just an informal meeting. He is knowledgeable. The topic itself is very convenient to use to achieve certain pedagogical goals during communication.
The class hour is a direct form of communication between the class teacher and the students.
Class hour can be held in the form of:
- Educational hour (class teacher hour);
- Excursions;
- Thematic lecture;
- Conversation (ethical, moral);
- disputes;
- Meetings with interesting people;
- Quizzes in various fields of knowledge;
- Discussions (discussions can be free, or there can be discussions on a given topic);
- KVN;
- Interactive games;
- Games - travel;
- Theatrical premieres;
- Psychological games and trainings;
- Reader conferences.
The class teacher's hour (class hour) is a form of educational work of the class teacher in the classroom, in which students take part in specially organized activities that contribute to the formation of their system of relations to the outside world.
Classroom functions
- educational
The essence of the educational function is that the class hour makes it possible to expand the range of knowledge of students that are not reflected in the curriculum. This knowledge may contain information about events taking place in the city, in the country and abroad. The object of class hour discussion can be any phenomenon or event.
- Orienting
The orienting function contributes to the formation of a certain attitude to the surrounding world and the development of a hierarchy of material and spiritual values. Helps to evaluate the phenomena occurring in the surrounding world.
Enlightening and orienting functions are closely related, because You cannot teach students to evaluate phenomena with which they are not familiar. Although sometimes the class hour performs an exclusively orienting function: when discussing a well-known event.
- guide
The guiding function is designed to translate the discussion of a phenomenon into the real experience of students.
- Formative
The formative function develops in students the skills of thinking and evaluating their actions and themselves, helps in developing skillful dialogue and expression, defending their own opinions.
To select the topic and content of the class hour, the class teacher needs to identify the age characteristics of students, their moral ideas, interests, etc. This can be done, for example, with the help of questionnaires or conversations.
When preparing a class hour, it is necessary to strictly follow the methodology for organizing and conducting a class hour.
- Definition of the topic and tasks of the class hour
- Determination of the time and place of the class hour
- Identification of the key moments of the class hour and development of a plan for the preparation and conduct of the class hour (select the appropriate material, visual aids, musical arrangement on the topic, draw up a plan (script) for the class hour)
- Determination of the participants in the preparation and conduct of the class hour (give a task to the students for preliminary preparation for the class hour (if provided for by the plan), determine the degree of expediency of the participation of teachers or parents)
- Analysis of its performance.
It is necessary to take into account the psychological characteristics of the perception of the material by students, monitor attention and, when it decreases, use material that is interesting in content or pose a “sharp” question, use a musical pause, change the type of activity.
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The class hour is still the main form of educational work at school. Now he has entered the school schedule, which allows the class teacher to communicate with children every week for an hour, solve organizational and educational problems. A huge amount of literature is devoted to class hours. Methodical manuals, professional periodicals summarize the experience of the best class teachers in Russia, give examples of excellent scenarios for classroom educational events. Classroom hour- one of the most important forms of organizing educational work with students. It is included in the school schedule and takes place every week on a certain day. The forms of class hours are varied: lecture, conversation, debate, quiz, competition, game, conference, correspondence trip, holiday, action, etc. According to some scientists, the class hour performs the following educational functions. : enlightening, orienting, guiding and shaping. enlightening function is that the class hour expands the circle of knowledge of pupils. The subject of a class hour can be information from different fields of knowledge, phenomena of social life, psychological problems of children. Orienting function consists in the formation in schoolchildren of a certain attitude to the world on the basis of moral and spiritual values, in the development of a moral assessment of events and phenomena. Often classroom hours help students navigate social values. The guiding function of the class hour provides for the organization of the activities of pupils, the impact on their behavior, so that knowledge turns into convictions. The formative function is manifested in the development of students' skills to think over and evaluate their actions and themselves, helps to conduct a dialogue, build arguments, and defend their own opinion. Most often, a class hour simultaneously performs all four of these functions: it enlightens, orients, directs, and forms the skills of students. These functions, if possible, should be reflected in the formulation of the purpose of the educational event. Classroom topics are varied. Class hours can be dedicated to: Moral and ethical problems; Problems of science and knowledge; aesthetic problems; Issues of state and law; Issues of physiology and hygiene, healthy lifestyle; Psychological problems; environmental problems; School-wide problems (significant social events, holidays). When drawing up a plan of class hours for the academic year, it is necessary to take into account a number of regulatory documents: Federal target program "Formation of attitudes of tolerant consciousness and prevention of extremism in Russian society for 2002-2005". Federal target program "Children of Russia" for the period from 2006 to 2010. Convention on the Rights of the Child. Law of the Russian Federation "On Education". Model regulation on a general educational institution. Law of the Russian Federation "On Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child". When compiling classroom scenarios, the author proceeded from the fact that the main goal of educating a student is the socialization of a child, that is, his inclusion in society, growing into human culture, the formation of a person adequate to the requirements of a given society, era, the social conditions in which he will be live and work. According to scientists, the process of socialization has the following stages: Adaptation (feeling like a part of the people, country, region, family); Individualization (awareness of oneself as a person, opening the ways of self-knowledge, self-development); Integration (the desire to "fit" into the context of modern society, to develop communication skills). In many schools, the work of a class teacher is planned for a year by weeks: for example, the first week of the month is organizational class meetings at which current issues of class life are resolved, the second week is the preparation of school-wide events, the third and fourth weeks of the month are class hours on various topics. These are the focus of this book. Thus, during the year, the class teacher can spend 17 class hours in the class (2 events per month, except for January). When planning the theme of class activities in the classroom, you can consider the following ratio: Thematic class hours of information and educational plan - 8 scenarios (1 for each month); Classroom hours of moral, psychological, intellectual, informational orientation - 8 scenarios (2 scenarios of each direction); Diagnostic class hours - 2 scenarios (at the beginning and at the end of the year). Organization of the classroomWorking with children includes the distribution of roles, the organization of teams (choosing a name, motto, etc.), advice on preparing for competitions. The most difficult thing for the organizer is to provide the children with role texts. Forcing children to rewrite their lines from a book is a long and thankless task. The child, having rewritten his lines, does not know where in the script he should come out, after whom he should speak these lines, who will speak after him, etc. An important part of the overall organizational work is the preparation of the premises for the class event. The room in which the class hour will be held must be clean and ventilated. It would be nice to put flowers on the table. The topic of the class hour can be written on the board or poster, which also indicates the questions to be discussed. On a piece of paper and as an aphorism, you can quote the words of an outstanding person or a quote from a famous book. During the classroom hours, children can sit, as in a lesson. But sometimes, in order to organize group work, work in teams, it is better to place the desks so that the children sit facing each other. Musical arrangement of the classroom Music in extracurricular activities, of course, is necessary. Well-chosen music creates the necessary emotional background for communication during the classroom. Musical phrases can fill in pauses during competitions, tasks. Music does not leave children indifferent, they will definitely take an interest in what kind of work it is, who is the author, which, of course, will expand the horizons of children. Where to get the necessary music, what to play it on, if the school tape recorder has not been working for a year? All these questions will inevitably arise before the class teacher. What can be advised here? The most important and simple advice is to use a computer and the Internet. A computer with small speakers can play any music recorded on laser discs. Musical works can be downloaded from the Internet. It is better to look for music in midi format. Music files of this type are small in size and quickly, and most importantly, they are downloaded for free from the Internet. But it is better not to look for music in mp3 format. Music files of this type are very good in quality, but large in size, take a long time to download, and are often not free. Musical arrangement can be entrusted to one of the students in the class or high school students who work in the school computer room. Many schools are now connected to the Internet, and downloading any music is not difficult.  
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