Ertugrul (1198 - 1281) - Turkic (representative of the Oghuz Kayi tribe) ruler, father of the founder of the Ottoman dynasty Osman I. Ruled since 1227 in the territory called the Ottoman beylik, with the center in the city of Sogyut.

The future great Ottoman Empire originated from a small Turkic tribal group, the main component of which was the nomads of the Oguz Kayi tribe. According to Turkish historical tradition, part of the Kayi tribe migrated to Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan), where the leaders of the Kayi were in the service of the rulers of Khorezm for some time. At first, they chose the lands in the Karajadag region to the west of present-day Ankara as a place of nomadism. Then part of them moved to the region of Khlat, Erzurum and Erzinjan, reaching Amasya and Aleppo. Some nomads of the Kayi tribe have found shelter on the fertile lands in the Chukurov region. It was from these places that a small unit of kaya (400-500 tents), led by their leader Ertugrul, fleeing the Mongols' raids, went to the possessions of the Seljuk sultan Ala ad-Din Kay-Kubat II.

Turkish legends say that one day, having driven to the top of the mountain, Ertugrul saw two fighting armies unknown to him on the plain. After consulting with his people, he decided to come to the aid of one of them, which seemed to him weaker and was losing. At the head of 444 horsemen (the number 4 was considered sacred by the Turks), he rushed at those who had already begun to gain the upper hand, and brought victory to their opponents. This success, as it turned out, was won over the horde of the Mongols, and Sultan Kay-Kubat II and his Seljuks (Oghuz-Kynyks) owed their victory to Ertugrul. As a reward, the sultan gave the newcomers the Tumanidzh and Ermeni mountains for their summer roaming, and the Sogyut plain for the winter. These lands were recently captured by the Seljuks from the Byzantines, and Kei-Kubat formed a border udzh out of them. The possession was small, but its ruler turned out to be an energetic person, and his soldiers willingly participated in raids on neighboring Byzantine lands. At the same time, Ertugrul gave an obligation to repel the attacks of Byzantium, seeking to return these lands that previously belonged to it.

As a result, through continuous conquests, Ertugrul managed to somewhat increase his udzh at the expense of the border regions of Byzantium. Now it is difficult to accurately determine the scale of these aggressive operations, as well as the initial size of Ertugrul himself.

Ertugrul ruled from 1230 on the territory called the Ottoman beylik, with the center in the city of Sogyut, which was conquered from Byzantium in 1231. In 1243, the Seljuks were defeated by the Mongols and the Seljuk empire gradually began to disintegrate.

During the reign of Ertugrul, the gradual strengthening of the kaya begins. Turkish legends say that the founder of the Ottomans lived for a long time: he died at the age of 90 in 1281.

After the death of Ertugrul, power passed to his son, Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman dynasty, and the first monarch of the Ottoman state.

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The red-haired Khan of the Mongols entered into his first and decisive battle with the enemy and won. He could now proudly wear an ivory rod or horn in the form of a small mace, which rightfully belonged to the commander and leader.

And he passionately longed to have people loyal to him under his control. Undoubtedly, this passion was explained by the suffering in those difficult years, when Borchu took pity on him, and the arrows of the rustic Casar saved his life.

However, Temujin recognized as strength not political power, which he did not really think about, and not wealth, in which he obviously saw little use. Being a Mongol, he only wanted what he needed. His concept of strength was reduced to human strength. When he praised his bagaturov, he said that they broke hard stones into small pieces, turned over boulders and stopped the enemy's swift onslaught.

Above all, he valued loyalty. Betrayal was considered the unforgivable sin of a tribesman. A traitor could cause the destruction of the entire camp or lure the horde into an ambush. The devotion to the tribe and the khan was, so to speak, ultimate desideratum(highly desired). "What can be said of a man who makes a promise at dawn and breaks it at nightfall?"

The echo of his passionate desire to have loyal subjects resounded in his prayers. It was customary for the Mongol to climb to the top of the rock, which he considered his permanent residence tengri- the celestial spirits of the air of the upper plane, which sent down hurricanes and thunders and gave rise to all the awe-inspiring wonderful phenomena of the boundless sky. He offered prayers to the four corners of the world, throwing his belt over his shoulders.

“Eternal Heaven, be kind to me; send the spirits of the upper air to help me, and on earth send people to help me.

And people gathered under his banner of nine yak tails no longer in families and yurts, but in hundreds. The tribe of wanderers, who had become an enemy to their former khan, seriously discussed the merits of Temujin, the leader of the Mongols. “He allows hunters to keep all the booty during a big hunt, and after the battle, each warrior keeps his share of the captured trophies due to him. He gave a fur coat from his shoulder. He dismounted from his horse, on which he rode, and gave it to the needy.

Not a single collector rejoiced with such fervor at a rare acquisition as the Mongol Khan, welcoming these wanderers.

He gathered around him a court without treasurers and advisers, who were replaced by the spirits of war. Of course, it included Borchu and Kasar - his first comrades in arms, Argun - a musician who played the lute, Beyan and Mukhuli - cunning and battle-hardened military leaders, as well as Su - a skilled crossbowman.

Argun appears before us not so much as a bard, but as simply a cheerful and sociable person. One vivid episode is connected with him, when he borrowed a golden lute from the khan and lost it. The hot-tempered Mongol flew into a rage and sent two paladins to kill him. Instead, they seized the offender, forced him to drink two leather sacks of wine, and locked him up in a secluded place. The next day, at dawn, they pushed him aside and escorted him to the entrance to the khan’s yurt, exclaiming: “The light is already illuminating your horde(the center of the tribe, the khan's headquarters and the main yurt of the camp), oh khan! Open the door and show your mercy."

Taking advantage of the pause that had arisen, Argun sang:

When the thrush sings "ding dong"

The hawk grabs him with its claws before the last note -

Likewise, the wrath of my master falls upon me.

Alas, I like to drink, but I'm not a thief.

And although theft was punishable by death, Argun was forgiven, and the fate of the golden lute remains a mystery to this day.

These followers of the khan were known throughout the Gobi under the nickname "furious streams". Two of them - Jebe-noyan ("commander-arrow") and the valiant Subedei-bagatur - at that time still just boys, subsequently devastated the territory along the entire ninety-degree meridian.

Jebe Noyan first appears in a string of events as a young man from an enemy tribe, fleeing after a battle and surrounded by the Mongols, led by Temuchin. He lost his horse and asked the Mongols for another, offering to fight on their side for it. Temujin heeded his request, giving young Jeba a swift white-nosed horse. However, sitting on it, Jebe managed to break through between the Mongol warriors and ride away. Then he nevertheless returned and said that he wanted to serve the khan.

Subsequently, when Jebe-Noyan made his way through the Tien Shan, pursuing Kuchleuk with his Kara-Khitan tribe, he gathered a herd of a thousand white-nosed horses and sent it as a gift to the Khan. It was a sign that Jebe had not forgotten that old incident with the horse, when his life was saved.

Not as impetuous as young Jebe, but Subedei from the tribe of reindeer herders was more sharp-witted. uriakhi. There was something of Temujin's cruel determination in him. Before getting involved in a war with the Tatars, the khan asked his associates who would dare to lead the soldiers on the offensive. Subedey stepped forward and was praised for this by the khan, who suggested that he select one hundred of the best warriors as his bodyguards. Subedei replied that he did not need anyone to accompany him and he intended to move ahead of the horde alone. Temujin, after hesitating, allowed, and Subedei galloped to the Tatars' camp and declared that he had left the khan and would like to join them. He convinced the Tatars that there was no Mongol horde nearby, so that they were completely unprepared when the Mongols attacked and put them into a disorderly flight.

“I will protect you from your enemies in the same way that the felt of a yurt shelters you from the wind,” Subedei promised the young khan. “That is what I will do for you.

“When we capture beautiful women and capture magnificent stallions, we will give them to you,” his paladins promised him. - If we disobey you or harm you, leave us to perish in barren places.

“I was like in a dream when you came to me,” Temujin answered his brave men. “I used to sit in sorrow, and you inspired me.

They honored him as he deserved as the true Khan of the Yakka Mongols, and he assigned to each the position that he deserved, given the peculiarities of his character.

He said that Borchu would sit beside him on kurultai(assembly of leaders) and will be among those who are entrusted with carrying the bow and quiver of the khan. Someone had to be in charge of food, be responsible for livestock. Others were in charge of wagons and servants. Possessing great physical strength, but not brilliant in mind, Kasar, he made a swordsman.

Temujin carefully selected smart and brave warriors as military leaders, commanders for his armed horde. He appreciated the ability to control his anger and wait for the right moment to strike. Truly, the essence of the Mongol character is his patience. Temujin entrusted the brave and selfless to look after the wagons and food supplies. He left the stupid ones to guard the cattle.

About one commander, he said: “There is no person more valiant than Yesudai, no one has such rare abilities. But since the longest campaigns do not tire him, since he does not feel either hunger or thirst, he assumes that his subordinates do not suffer from this either. That is why he is not suitable for a high command post. The commander must not forget that his subordinates may suffer from hunger and thirst, and must wisely use the strength of his people and animals.

To maintain his authority with this host of "fierce fighters", the young khan needed unshakable determination and a finely balanced sense of justice. The leaders who stood under his banner were as uncontrollable as, for example, the Vikings. The chronicles tell how Father Borte appeared with his supporters and seven adult sons to present them to the khan. An exchange of gifts took place, and the seven sons took their places among the Mongols, causing endless irritation, especially one of them, a shaman named Tebtengri. It was believed that he, as a shaman, was able to leave his physical body at will and visit the world of spirits. He was also endowed with the gift of divination.

And Tebtengri had an aggressive ambition. After spending several days in the yurts of several chiefs, he and some of his brothers attacked Kasar and beat him with fists and sticks.

Qasar complained to Khan Temuchin.

- You, brother, boasted, - he answered, - that you have no equal in strength and cunning, how did you let these guys beat you?

Angry, Kasar went to his half at the headquarters of the khan and no longer approached Temuchin. Then Tebtengri found the khan.

“My spirit heard what was said in the other world,” he said, “and this truth has been conveyed to me by Heaven itself. Temujin will rule over his subjects for a while, but then Kasar will be over them. If you do not put an end to Kasar, your reign will not last long.

The cunning of the shaman-sorcerer had an effect on the khan, who could not brush aside what he sincerely took for a prediction. That evening, he mounted his horse and went with several soldiers to seize Kasar. His mother Hoelun found out about this. She ordered the servants to prepare a wagon harnessed by a swift-footed camel, and hurried after the khan.

She arrived at Kasar's yurt and made her way past the khan's guards who surrounded her. Entering the main yurt, she found Temujin in front of Kasar kneeling without a hat and a sash. Kneeling down, she bared her breasts and said to Temuchin: “You are both fed from these breasts. You, Temujin, have many virtues, while Kasar has only his strength and skill as a well-aimed archer. When the rebels opposed you, he struck them with his arrows.

The young khan listened in silence, waiting for his mother's anger to dry up. He then walked out of the yurt, saying, “I felt uncomfortable when I did this. And now I'm ashamed."

Tebtengri continued to go from yurt to yurt and create trouble. Claiming that his actions are guided by revelations from above, he was like a thorn in the eye of the Mongol Khan. Tebtengri gathered a lot of supporters around him and, being ambitious, believed that he was able to undermine the prestige of the young khan. Fearing to come into conflict with Temuchin himself, he and his accomplices sought out Temugu the otchigin, the youngest of the Khan's brothers, and forced him to kneel before them.

Tradition forbade the Mongols to use weapons in resolving conflicts with each other, but after this act of the shaman, Temuchin called Temugu and told him:

– Today Tebtengri will come to my yurt. Treat him the way you want.

Temujin's position was not easy. Munlik, the leader of the Olkunuts and Borte's father, helped him in battle many times and gained respect. Tebtengri himself was a shaman, soothsayer and sorcerer. Temujin, as a khan, had to act as a judge in resolving conflicts and not be led by his desires.

He was alone in the yurt and was sitting by the fire when Munlik and his seven sons entered. He greeted them and they sat down at his right hand when Temugu entered. All weapons, of course, were left at the entrance to the yurt, and the younger brother grabbed Tebtengri by the shoulders.

“Yesterday I was forced to kneel in front of you, but today I will measure my strength with you.

They struggled for a while, while Munlik's other sons rose from their seats.

- Don't fight here! Temujin turned to the fighters. - Go outside.

Three strong fighters were waiting at the entrance to the yurt. They were just waiting for this moment, acting on the orders of Temugu or the Khan. They grabbed Tebtengri as soon as he appeared, broke his spine and threw him aside. He remained motionless at the wheel of the wagon.

- Tebtengri put me on my knees yesterday! Temugu exclaimed, addressing his brother Khan. - Now, when I want to measure strength with him, he lies and does not get up.

Munlik and his six sons rushed to the exit, looked out and saw the body of the shaman. Grief seized the leader, and he turned to Temuchin.

“Oh, kagan, I have served you faithfully until today.

The meaning of what was said left no room for doubt, and his sons prepared to pounce on Temujin. Temujin stood up. He was unarmed and could not get out of the yurt otherwise than through the entrance. Instead of calling for help, he said to the severely enraged fools:

- Get out of my way! I need to go out.

Puzzled by the unexpected command, they stepped aside, and he left the tent to the guard post of his warriors. Nevertheless, this case became one of the incidents in a series of endless conflicts around the red-haired khan. But he wanted to avoid, if possible, a bloody feud with the Munlik family.

At night, Temujin ordered two of his men to lift the body of the shaman and pull it out through the chimney at the very top of the yurt. When curiosity began to grow among the Horde about what had become of the sorcerer, Temuchin opened the entrance to the yurt, went out and explained to them:

- Tebtengri beat my brothers and unjustly slandered them; for that heaven did not love him and took both his life and his body together.

But when he was alone with Munlik again, he spoke to him quite seriously:

“You did not teach your sons obedience, even though they needed it. As for you, I promised to protect you from death in any case. And let's finish with this 4 .

Meanwhile, there was no end in sight to the intertribal wars in the Gobi, this "wolf strife" of large clans with chases and persecutions. And although the Mongols were still considered weaker than other tribes, there were still one hundred thousand yurts under the banner of the Khan. The protection for his subjects was his intelligence and cunning, and his cruel courage inspired his warriors. Responsibility not for several families, but for the whole nation fell on his shoulders. He himself could sleep peacefully at night; the number of his livestock grew steadily thanks to the received "Khan's tithe". He was in his thirties, in the prime of his life, and his sons were now galloping with him and already looking for future wives, just as he himself had once traveled through the plains side by side with Yesugei. He took away from his enemies what belonged to him by inheritance, and did not want to lose this wealth.

But something else was brewing in his head—an unfinished plan, a desire not fully expressed.

To unite the "smashing warriors" into an alliance of tribes to confront their sworn enemies, he thought. And he proceeded to implement his plan with all his truly great perseverance.

The powerful expansion of the Turks coincided with the decline of Eastern Christianity. The new Roman Empire, with its capital at Constantinople, weakened economically as it ceded its possessions to the Venetians, Genoese and Turkic raiders, and militarily as the empire's army was reduced and its defensive lines collapsed. The Fourth Crusade, which was accompanied by the capture and sack of the Byzantine capital of Constantinople, confirmed the existence of enmity between the Roman Catholic Church, which was loyal to the pope, and the Greek Orthodox Church, whose patriarch was subordinate to the emperor. A variety of factors that split Christianity did not allow organizing a sufficiently effective rebuff to the powerful avalanche of predatory and determined invaders from the Muslim East. The Turks were advancing inexorably.

The most powerful among those leaders who led the Turkic raids were the leaders of the Seljuks, a nomadic horde that spread to the west. They crushed all rivals, expelled the crusaders and united Muslim Asia. From 1037 to 1300, they successfully ruled a power that stretched at the zenith of power from Afghanistan to the Mediterranean. In the end, they became victims of the Mongol conquerors and internal strife. Their decline continued until only the Seljuks of Rum in Asia Minor retained their dominance. But while the Turkic state was in decline, small warlike groups of tribes established themselves in Anatolia. Among them there were always detachments of ghazi - Muslim warriors, who, not content with the conquered territories, constantly sought to continue military campaigns and expand the boundaries of Islam's dominance. By the 13th century, a number of nomadic groups of ghazis settled in independent khanates, almost free from the power of the Seljuk or Mongol leaders who ruled in the depths of the continent. One such nomadic army was commanded by Ertugrul, the father of Osman the founder. Here history and legend mix and the next legend is born.

Ertugrul, a great commander from the Turkic nobility, born to command, led a detachment of horsemen numbering 400 people across the Anatolian plateau, leaving for the battlefield of unequal rivals. With noble zeal, he rushed to the aid of the smaller detachment of fighting warriors and together with him won the battle. The leader of the detachment assisted by Ertugrul turned out to be none other than Alauddin Kaykobad, the Seljuk sultan of Rum, who, as a token of gratitude, presented Ertugrul with lands located along the border with Byzantium in the extreme northwest of his possessions. Ertugrul was appointed leader of the border troops, empowered to protect the Sultan's possessions and, if possible, expand them.

This tradition, although in a somewhat dramatized form, gives an idea of ​​the ways in which small warlike clans of nomads were able to establish themselves in Asia Minor, both because they had a certain military force, and because the declining Seljuk power needed their help. to repel the threat of an attack by the Mongols from the east and Christians from the west.

But nothing could save the last Seljuks. The invasion of Asia Minor by the Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan made their sultan only a tributary of the victors, and the new Turkic tribes who arrived, driven from their lands by the Mongols, intensified the general chaos to such an extent that by the end of the 13th century this territory was in a state of anarchy. Power in it passed into the hands of a certain number of virtually independent tribal leaders. One of them was Osman. His name in Arabic sounds like Ottoman - that's what he is called in the West. In 1281 Osman succeeded his father Ertugrul. When in 1299 he declared his independence from the Seljuk sultan, it was a statement of fact that the Seljuks could not deny. From that time began the path of Osman as a conqueror. And although his khanate was originally one of the most insignificant among the state formations that divided the power of the Seljuks among themselves, the Osman dynasty overcame most of its rivals within a hundred years and founded an empire that bore this famous name 600 years ago.

Ertugrul was the son of Suleiman Shah. And his mother is Khaima Khatan. When his father died (drowned in the Euphrates), Ertogrul assumed power over the Kayi tribes subordinate to him. The Seljuk sultan Kai-Kubad I granted him an inheritance near Ankara.

During the reign of Ertogrul, the gradual strengthening of kaya begins.

After the death of Ertogrul, power passed to his son, Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman dynasty, and the first monarch of the Ottoman state.

Ertogrul Gazi (1188-1281) - one of the founders of the Ottoman Empire. The monument is located in Ashgabat.

According to Turkish historical tradition, part of the Kay tribe migrated to Anatolia from Central Asia, where the leaders of the Kay were in the service of the rulers of Khorezm for some time. Initially, the Kay Turks chose the lands in the Karajadag region to the west of present-day Ankara as a nomadic place. Then part of them moved to the regions of Ahlat, Erzurum and Erzinjan, reaching Amasya and Aleppo (Haleb). Some nomads of the Kayi tribe have found shelter on the fertile lands in the Chukurov region. It was from these places that a small unit of kaya (400-500 tents), led by Ertogrul, fleeing from the Mongols' raids, went to the possessions of the Seljuk Sultan Alaeddin Keykubad I. Ertogrul turned to him for patronage. The sultan granted Ertogrul uj (outlying area of ​​the sultanate) on the lands seized by the Seljuks from the Byzantines on the border with Bithynia. Ertogrul took upon himself the obligation to protect the border of the Seljuk state on the territory of the udj granted to him.

But history says that the kai were Turkified Mongols. Kai is the name of one of the twenty-four tribes of the Oghuz, from which the dynasty of the Ottoman sultans originates. Mahmud of Kashgar gives an ancient form - kayig, which refutes the identification proposed by Markvart with kays mentioned by Biruni and Aufi in the most extreme East. Markvart considers the kai to be Turkified Mongols, which explains, in his opinion, "the historical role played by the blood-stained and fratricidal clan of the Ottomans and the Ottoman people." It is possible that the Kai were Mongols; Mahmud of Kashgar mentions them, along with the Tatars and others, among the peoples who spoke their own special languages, although they also knew well the Turkic language; however, the Oguz tribe Kayig, or Kayi, undoubtedly has nothing to do with this people.

Information about the life of Ertogrul's son, Osman, who gave the name to the future state, is also largely legendary. Osman was born around 1258 in Sögut. This mountainous sparsely populated region was convenient for nomads: there were many good summer pastures, and there were enough comfortable winter nomads.

Osman declared his uj an independent state, and himself an independent ruler. It happened around 1299, when the Seljuk sultan Alaeddin Keykubad II fled from his capital, fleeing from rebellious subjects. True, having become practically independent from the Seljuk Sultanate, which nominally existed until 1307, when the last representative of the Seljuk dynasty of Rum was strangled by order of the Mongols, Osman recognized the supreme power of the Mongol Hulaguid dynasty and annually sent to their capital part of the tribute that he collected from his subjects.

Participation in wars: Wars with Khorezm and the Kony Sultanate. The conquest of the Ismailis and the Abbasid Caliphate. Campaigns in Syria.
Participation in battles: Isfahan. Capture of Baghdad.

(Baiju) Mongol commander. Viceroy in Transcaucasia, Northern Iran and Asia Minor

Descended from the Besut tribe and was a relative of the legendary commander Jebe. In 1228 he took part in the battle with Jalal ad-Din at Isfahan, a year later, as a thousand-man, he set out on a new campaign against the Khorezmshah as part of an army of thirty thousand under the command of a noyon Chormagan. Later, Baiju became a temnik, and in 1242 he replaced Chormagan, who was paralyzed (or died), as commander of the local Mongol troops stationed in Arran and the Mugan steppe. It is reported that he received this appointment by lot, since the Mongols "followed the instructions of the sorcerers."

baiju immediately began enterprising actions against the Sultanate of Konya. He approached Erzerum, which belonged to the Seljuks, and offered the population to surrender. In response to their refusal, the Mongols besieged the city and, using siege weapons, captured it two months later. Erzurum was destroyed and plundered, the inhabitants were killed or enslaved. Armenian chroniclers report that the Mongols seized many Christian books in the city - richly decorated Gospels, lives of saints - and sold them for nothing to Christians who served in the army, and they gave them away to monasteries and churches. baiju withdrew with troops for the winter in Mugan.

The following year, the Sultan of Konya Ghiyath ad-Din Kay-Khosrow II led a large army against the Mongols. On June 26, the Seljuk army was defeated at Köse-Dag, near Chmankatuk, west of Erzincan. Building on the success baiju took Divrigi and Sivas (the townspeople did not resist and were spared), and then Kayseri, the second capital of the Seljuks, and Erzinjan (the local inhabitants tried to defend themselves and were subjected to a bloody massacre). Kay-Khosrow II could no longer resist the formidable Mongols. According to the terms of the peace, he had to send annually to Karakorum about twelve million hyperperons or local silver coins, five hundred pieces of silk, five hundred camels and five thousand rams. However, the Sultan, apparently having learned about the hostility between Baiju and the ruler of the Ulus Jochi Batu, sent his ambassadors with an expression of obedience to the latter. The ambassadors of Kay-Khosrov were favorably received, and the Seljuk sultan became a vassal Batu.

Ruler of Cilician Armenia Hethum I, who prudently did not support Kay-Khosrow II in the company against the Mongols, now sent an embassy to Baij led by his father Konstantin Pyle and brother Smbat Sparapet. The ambassadors, having arrived at the commander's headquarters, "were introduced to Bachu-noin, Charmagun's wife Eltina-khatun and other great nobles." According to the agreement concluded between the parties, the Armenians promised to supply the Mongol army with food and supply the required number of soldiers to participate in the campaigns; in turn, the Mongol command recognized the sovereignty of the Cilician kingdom and promised to provide military assistance to the Armenians in the event of an attack on them by neighboring states. This treaty was beneficial to both Cilicia and Baiju, who needed allies in a region far removed from Mongolia. As a confirmation of the friendly intentions of the Cilicians, Baiju demanded from Hetum the extradition of the family of Sultan Kay-Khosrov, who had taken refuge in the Cilician kingdom. Hethum was forced to agree to this as well.

While Baiju was operating in Asia Minor, detachments led by Yasavur raided northern Syria, in the territories of Aleppo, Damascus, Hama and Homs, whose Ayyubid rulers were able to pay off the Mongols. From the prince of Antioch, Bohemond V, also demanded submission, but soon Yasavur was forced to withdraw the troops, apparently due to the summer heat, which had a detrimental effect on the horses. The Mongol offensive forced the Khorezmians roaming in Syria - the remnants of Jalal ad-Din's troops - to move to Palestine, where they occupied Jerusalem (August 11, 1244), and then, together with the Egyptian sultan, defeated the crusader troops at La Forbier, near Gaza (October 17 ).

Influenced by these events, the Pope Innocent IV decided to send several embassies to the Mongols. One of them, led by the Dominican Ascelinus, on May 24, 1247, reached the rate baiju near Sisian. Ascelin and his companions did not show due diligence, refusing to perform the ceremonial bow before Baiju and demanding that he accept Christianity; they also refused to follow his orders to Karakoram, having been ordered by the Pope to deliver letters to the first Mongol commander they met. All this nearly cost them their lives; Ascelinus was saved from the well-deserved execution by the intercession of Baiju's advisers and the arrival at that moment from Mongolia of Eljigidei, whom the new khan Guyuk put Baiju instead. On July 25, Ascelin left the Mongol camp, with two documents in his hands - the answer to Baiju Pape and the edict of Guyuk, brought by Eljigidey. Ascelin was accompanied by two Mongol ambassadors, Sergis and Aybeg, Syrian Nestorian and Turkic. On November 22, Innocent IV gave Sergis and Aybeg his answer to Baidzhu's message.
After ascending the Khan's throne mongke(1251) Baiju's position as commander of the troops in northwestern Iran was again approved (Eljigidei was recalled and executed). Baiju, in his reports to the khan's government, "complained about heretics and the Baghdad caliph", in connection with which at the kurultai of 1253 it was decided to send an army against the Abbasids of Baghdad and the Iranian Ismailis, led by Hulagu. Baiju was ordered to prepare for the allowance of the army "one bag of wine and one tagar of flour" for each person.

Hulagu, having set out on a campaign at the beginning of 1256, by the end of 1257 defeated the Ismaili fortresses in Iran and moved to Baghdad. baiju went to the Abbasid capital from Irbil. Having crossed the Tigris, his corps defeated the Caliph commanders Fath ad-Din ibn Kurd and Karasonkur, and then occupied the western suburbs of Baghdad. After the capture of the city (February 1258), the Mongol forces settled in Mugan. Then, in September 1259, Hulagu entered Syria; troops under the command baiju were on the right wing of the army.

About the future baiju there are conflicting data. Rashid ad-Din in one place of the "Collection of Chronicles" reports that "for special zeal in the conquest of Baghdad" Hulagu approved him as a temnik and gave him good camps, and after the death of Baiju, his son Adak commanded a ten thousandth detachment of his father; elsewhere, it is claimed that Hulagu framed and executed Baiju, confiscating a large part of his property. Tumen baiju was handed over to Chormagan's son Shiramun. Adak, according to this information, was a thousandaire; Shulamish, son of Adak, during the reign of the Ilkhan Gazana became a temnik, but rebelled, was captured and executed in 1299 in Tabriz.