The ancient Greek gods were not just formidable celestials. In the ancient world, nothing happened without their knowledge and participation. Without their blessing, it was impossible to conquer the world or compose a hymn. To win the war, they prayed to the formidable Ares, inspiration for composing speeches, prayers and pathetic odes was sent to people by the muse Polyhymnia.

This thoughtful and spiritual woman is one of the nine daughters of Zeus, who still give people the joy of creativity.

Patrons of scientists, poets and musicians

Divine muses are an integral part of the order and harmony of the ancient world. Their number, purpose, description changed over time. In ancient Greece, sciences such as philosophy, geometry and astronomy were considered occupations that required inspiration, while painting and sculpture were crafts and did not have their patrons.

The classical retinue of Apollo consisted of nine beautiful maidens, from whom musicians, poets and scientists sought support. These were:

• Calliope is the muse of science, philosophy and epic poetry, the eldest of the sisters, the mother of Orpheus.
• Euterpe is the patroness of music and lyric poetry.
• Melpomene is the muse of tragedy.
• Waist is the personification of light poetry and comedy.
• Erato is the muse of love poetry.
• Muse Polyhymnia patronized many occupations, from a modern point of view, unrelated: writing solemn hymns, rhetoric and oratory, as well as pantomime and agriculture.
• The muse of dance and choral singing is Terpsichore.
• Clio is the muse of history.
• The muse of astronomy is Urania.

Those who had talent in poetry or science enjoyed great honor and respect among people. The Muses also loved those who sincerely turned to them for support, although they severely punished those who considered themselves above the gods for their pride.

Daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne

Polyhymnia - the muse of hymns

Many muses patronized various genres of poetry. The eldest, Calliope, took care of those who wrote epic poems and songs. Euterpe is the muse of lyrical poetry, Thalia is light and comic, Erato is love.

Muse Polyhymnia "supervised" serious poetry. Her name - Πολύμνια (another option - Polymnia) consists of two parts: the first means "a lot", the second - "praise" or "hymn". One of the meanings of the name of this muse is “immortal glory”, which gives poets the composition of a large number of divine chants.

The sixth daughter of Mnemosyne has always been endowed with a serious character. She was called upon by those who wanted to turn to the gods of Olympus with a request or praise. Only those blessed by her name could count on the fact that the gods would hear them. The ancient Greek muse Polyhymnia is the patroness of sacred poetry, sacred music, ritual dances and solemn prayers, full of awareness of the mystery of being and spirituality. The sixth muse is addressed by those who are looking for meaning in life.

Pantomime and rhetoric

This companion of Apollo was first given under the patronage of dances, the muse of which was Terpsichore, and wise science - history, which Clio later began to "manage". From the art of dancing, she was left with the ability to express thoughts and feelings with body movements and gestures: Polyhymnia in ancient Greek mythology is the muse of pantomime. In ancient images, she often appears with her finger pressed to her lips, as a sign of silence, - let her gestures speak.

But it is difficult to address heaven without words. And those whom Polyhymnia favored found inspiration in speeches. The muse of solemn hymns was called upon by those who wanted to impress the listeners with oratory skills, those who studied rhetoric. Polyhymnia was addressed before an important public performance.

Geometry and agriculture

Surprisingly versatile were the "interests" of Polyhymnia. She is called the inventor of grammar, who taught people to express their thoughts on paper. She was approached for help in her studies, asked to help me remember something important faster. And the true daughter of Mnemosyne - the keeper of memory - came to the rescue in this. Ancient mathematicians dedicated their works to this muse. It owes its birth to the great and exact science - geometry, which acquired great importance in the world of Pythagoras and Archimedes.

According to one of the legends, Polyhymnia became the mother of Orpheus and invented the lyre, according to another, the sixth-born daughter of Mnemosyne and Zeus became the mother of Triptolemus, whom Demeter taught the basics of agriculture. On this basis, the muse Polyhymnia is considered the patroness of agriculture. She, among other deities, was addressed by the ancient poet Hesiod in 700 BC in the work Works and Days, where for the first time recommendations for cultivating the land were placed.

Description and attributes

Each muse has attributes and external signs that are unique to it. Calliope has always been depicted with a wax tablet and a stylus - a writing stick. Euterpe held a flute in her hands, Erato - a cithara, Thalia was always with the comic Melpomene - with the tragic. Clio has a scroll in his hands, Urania holds a globe or a compass.

Although it is believed that the patroness of solemn hymns and ritual dances invented the divine lyre, this instrument is not always included in the description of the muse. Polyhymnia does not have a generally accepted attribute, although it was often depicted with a poetic scroll in her hands, full of high wisdom. She always stood out from the environment of Apollo, among the shady forests of Parnassus, with her thoughtful look, close to meditation. The figure of Polyhymnia is always tightly draped, often with her head. She leans on a rock, and her eyes are directed upwards, because the creations she inspires are turned to the sky.

Ancient harmony

In the legends and myths of ancient times, an amazingly harmonious world order was expressed, where gods and people, animals and plants exist together. The Muses of Ancient Greece took their special place in this world. Polyhymnia is the muse of hymns and prayers, divine rituals and everyday work on arable land. She taught man to compose divine verses, address others with fiery speech and express his feelings with the help of an expressive gesture.

The Muses are first mentioned by Homer. In the immortal Iliad and Odyssey, he turns to the Muses with a request to help him at the beginning of a long journey. And until now, poets and musicians, scientists and artists are looking for spiritual support and inspiration from them. And in space flies as a symbol of hope in such support, the asteroid Polyhymnia, named after the ancient Greek muse of solemn hymns.

We have reached our days. The Greek pantheon of gods in itself is quite interesting and entertaining, and the stories from the "life" of the celestials capture and amaze the imagination. The ancient Greeks believed that each phenomenon, object and sphere of human activity is patronized by a separate deity or mythical creature. There are an incredible number of gods and demigods in the culture of this people, and it is sometimes difficult to remember the "specialization" of each of them. Melpomene is a muse or a goddess, what is she the patroness of?

Myths of Ancient Greece

According to the beliefs of the ancient Greeks, as a result of the union of the supreme god Zeus and Mnemosyne, nine daughters were born. These are the goddesses-muses who patronize the sciences and arts. Each of the sisters was the patroness of a specific area or genre: Clio - history, Euterpe - music and poetic words, Thalia - comedy, Melpomene - tragedy (and later in general), Terpsichore - dance, Eratu - love-lyrical literary work, Polyhymnia - pantomimes and hymns, Urania - the study of stars and celestial bodies, Calliope - folk tales and epics. According to some sources, initially Melpomene is the patroness of songs, and later of sad tunes. Over time, the muse began to be considered the personification of tragedies in theatrical productions, and later the theater as a whole as a phenomenon was “given” to her.

The appearance and talents of Melpomene

They depict the patroness of tragedy and theater, usually in a wreath of vine leaves and a headband. Melpomene is the muse, always dressed in a robe and holding a tragic mask in one hand. In the other hand, a woman holds a sword or club as a symbol of retribution, which always overtakes people who go against the will of God. However, it is important to understand that Melpomene is not a punishing goddess, but rather one who empathizes with people and is ready to remind them that it is only appropriate to play in the theater. An interesting fact: she is the mother of the sirens, whom she gave birth to from Aheloy. In modern culture, Melpomene is more often the patroness of the theater, but it is appropriate to mention her as a deity of tragedies.

What would modern art and culture be without the great legacy of the past? Without the sublime Renaissance, strict classicism and, of course, beautiful antiquity, which has become a kind of starting point in the history of creativity of all mankind?

It was the ancient canons that became classical for us, the most sublime and complete. The mythology of ancient Greece and Rome is still striking in its richness and grandeur of the pantheon, a variety of plots and images. Perhaps there is no person in the world who would not have an idea about Zeus - the greatest of the gods of Olympus. Or, for example, about Hephaestus.

Remembers humanity and beautiful nymphs, naiads and nereids, but what about the heroes, a vivid example of which can be called the great Hercules?

Between heaven and earth

Of course, there was an almost insurmountable gulf between the unattainable peak of divinity and earthly existence, but there were also those who were in the intermediate world, connecting two cosmos: earthly and divine. This role was performed by the muses of ancient Greece, which will be discussed further.

Who are the Muses

First of all, it should be noted that, despite the rather close contact with the earthly world, the Muses still had a divine origin. All nine sisters were born by the goddess Mnemosyne from the supreme god Zeus.

Born from such a union, the 9 muses of Ancient Greece represented a kind of bridge between the past and the present: the first pantheon (headed by Kronos) and the second, on top of which stood the great Zeus.

What did the Muses do

Like everything in this world, the fate and purpose of the muses have changed over time. If we turn to mythology, we can find that the modern understanding of these unearthly creatures was significantly different from the current one.

Today, the muses of ancient Greece are perceived solely as some kind of inspiration. Especially it should be emphasized the fact that today contact with these creatures is attributed only to artists (artists, poets, directors). In fact, there were also muses-patrons of sciences, which mankind has safely forgotten about.

Initially, the 9 muses of Ancient Greece were supposed to give people a much-needed persuasive word, guide them on the true path and console them in moments of despair. In addition, their purpose included, of course, the chanting of the good morals of the gods that existed from the creation of the world.

Over time, the muses of ancient Greece began to perform smaller functions, acquiring more and more symbolic character.

Something about the leader of the muses

Before talking about the muses themselves, we should talk about their leader, since it was he who, perhaps, became the reason that the names of the nine muses of Ancient Greece are now mentioned only in direct connection with art.

Ruled over the Muses by none other than the son of Zeus and the goddess Leto Apollo. In the minds of modern mankind, this particular representative of the ancient Greek pantheon is the embodiment of beauty, grace and sublimity.

Perhaps it was thanks to the god of the Sun that the names of the muses of ancient Greece became associated exclusively with art. In fairness, it should be noted that Apollo himself, in addition to the fine arts, patronized medicine as well, but in the modern world this is not given much importance.

Such different sisters

If you pay attention to the myths of ancient Greece, the muses mostly appear in them as a kind of unity, one phenomenon. However, this does not mean at all that they did not differ from each other in any way.

In fact, each of the muses played a special role, performed strictly defined functions, and patronized a specific phenomenon.

As mentioned earlier, in Greek mythology, evidence of the existence of nine muses is recorded.

What was patronized

In the most general form, the sphere of influence of the nine muses can be divided into three significant sectors: science, poetry and music, and, finally, theater. Of course, such a division is not complete and gives only a vague idea of ​​such a deity as a muse.

Turning to the specifics, we note that the ancient Greeks were very attentive to various details, circumstances, subtleties that would seem insignificant to a modern person. All ancient art strikes with clarity and rigor of forms.

Not surprisingly, the same approach of the Greeks was applied to the Muses. For example, epic and lyric poetry had separate patrons. The same was true for tragedy and comedy.

Now that we have in general terms understood what the muses of ancient Greece patronized, let's talk about each of them separately.

Muse of history

As mentioned earlier, in the ancient worldview, the muses were responsible not only for art, but also for science. History, for example, has been the domain of the muse Clio, who is most often depicted wearing a laurel wreath, scroll, and writing stick.

Just like the other muses of ancient Greece, Clio was engaged in specific activities, namely, fixing all the great feats that took place both in the earthly and in the divine world. The scroll that she holds in her hands in all the images is necessary so that the muse can instantly capture what happened in history.

Muse of Astronomy

Since ancient times, the Greeks were interested in the world around them, especially in the cosmos, which for them was much more important than for modern man.

Because of this, astronomy was considered one of the most important sciences, which was studied without fail along with mathematics and, by the way, music. Based on this, it is not at all surprising that among the 9 muses of Ancient Greece there was a place for Urania, the patroness of astronomy.

This muse was depicted with a compass and heavenly vaults in her hands, which to the maximum extent reflected her purpose.

Muse of epic poetry and knowledge

If you look at the photo, the muses of Ancient Greece are quite similar to each other. So, the inexperienced patroness of history Clio can easily be confused with Calliope, who is also traditionally depicted with a scroll and a writing stick.

Unlike her sister, Calliope patronizes epic poetry and knowledge. Perhaps this is the reason for the external similarity, because it is precisely the epic work of ancient Greece that cannot be imagined without the historical event underlying the plot. In this case, we are not necessarily talking about a real fact of history - a fictional fact can also be covered.

Muses of the lyrics

Along with epic poetry, there was, of course, lyric poetry. It is noteworthy that she was patronized not by one, but by two whole divine sisters: Erato and Euterpe.

These two muses of the art of ancient Greece only at first glance patronized the same reality. Erato's medium of influence was love-lyrical poetry. She was depicted with a lyre in her hands.

As for her sister Euterpe, she also added music to directly lyrical poetry, and the flute was considered the instrument of the muse, according to the images and descriptions that have survived to this day.

Another musical muse

The significance for the ancient Greeks of music can be easily determined at least by the number of muses that patronized it. So, along with those listed earlier, there was also Polyhymnia, in the power of which were solemn chants.

The Art of Dance

Continuing to list the names of 9 muses of Ancient Greece, let's turn to the cult of the beauty of the human body. Obeying the principle of kalokagathia, the ancient Greeks paid a lot of attention to the art of dance, so it is not at all surprising that a separate muse patronized the choreography. The light-footed Terpsichore was often associated with the cult of Dionysus, which is why ivy was almost always seen among her attributes. Most often, the muse of dance was depicted with a lyre in her hands.

Great Theater of the Ancient Greeks

It is difficult to imagine the era of antiquity without the theater. It was he who in many ways became the first step for the development of art. It should be noted that Greek comedy and tragedy existed in a sense separately from each other. The reason for this was the division of all art into high and low. Thus, comedy was considered a low genre and was mainly associated with the cult of Dionysus, while tragedy was patronized by the beautiful Apollo.

As for the muses, of course, there were two of them. High Greek tragedy existed and developed thanks to Melpomene, and the muse Thalia was the patroness of comedy for the ancient Greeks.

What did the Muses look like?

Something has already been said about the appearance of the nine muses, but it does not hurt to draw a conclusion so that the impression of these creatures is complete.

If you look at the preserved ancient sculptures or their photos, the muses of Ancient Greece looked almost the same. First of all, it is, of course, a beautiful body. The principle of kalokagatiya, which was mentioned above, was that what was beautiful on the outside was certainly beautiful on the inside. That is why such benevolent creatures as the Muses simply could not have an unsightly appearance.

They differed from each other for the most part in attributes, which spoke of the “areas of responsibility” of divine beauties.

Legacy of the nine muses

In a broad sense, humanity inherited art itself from the muses. Nevertheless, it seems more curious that the creatures of heavenly beauty gave birth to creatures from the Greek gods, which can hardly be characterized in the same way.

Moreover, the children of the Muses, according to myths, were a danger to humans. Sirens, who killed so many sailors with their marvelous singing, were born by Melpomene from Achelous. Other creatures - the twin Paliki, according to some myths, were born by Thalia.

The names of the muses of Ancient Greece do not sound so often today, however, the very concept, the idea of ​​them, has been preserved in the memory of mankind forever. “Beauty will save the world,” said the great Dostoevsky. And what is beauty, if not art, which is always patronized by a beautiful muse?

Zeus and Mnemosyne. - Distinctive features of the Muses. - Location of the Muses. - Pierre's daughters. - The Muses are the winners of the Sirens.

Zeus and Mnemosyne

The Muses were originally nothing but the inspiring nymphs of the springs. The Muses endowed people with poetic talent and taught them rhythmic meter in verse.

The number of Muses was also subject to change. At first, only three Muses are mentioned: Meleta - reflection, Mnema - memory and Aeda - song. According to the ancient Greek poet Hesiod, their nine sisters, all the Muses are the daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne (goddess of memory).

The Muses were born at the foot of Mount Olympus, they are beautiful virgins, their hearts are pure and virgin. The Muses have wonderful voices, and they sing harmonious songs at the feasts of the gods, amusing the gods. The Muses also sing about the divine duties of the inhabitants of Olympus and about the great, irresistible laws of nature. The Muses inspire the poet and put songs into his soul.

“When these daughters of the great Zeus want to endow a mortal with talents, as soon as their chosen one is born, they begin to feed him with tender heavenly dew, and words sweet as honey pour from his mouth” (Hesiod).

The Muses love and patronize poets and singers who recognize that they owe their talents only to the Muses, and punish the daring who imagine that they can compete with the Muses in singing.

The Muses were given great honors, and their cult was spread everywhere. In order to understand why the Muses were so revered, one must remember that in ancient times poetry was a powerful factor in civilization.

Distinguishing features of the Muses

Subsequently, they extended the influence of the Muses to all branches of the arts and sciences; each of the Muses was assigned a certain range of activities and each was given special distinctive attributes.

• Clio, the Muse of History, was depicted with a roll of parchment in her hand.
• calliope, the Muse of the epic, in a dreamy pose, holds waxed planks and a sharp stick (stylos, style) in her hands.
• Tragic mask, Bacchic wreath, cothurns - these are the distinguishing features Melpomene, Muses of tragedy. Sometimes Melpomene is given the attributes of Hercules to express horror, and the Bacchic wreath should remind that tragedies were played out for the first time at the festivities of Bacchus (Dionysus). The Louvre has a beautiful antique statue of Melpomene.
• Terpsichore- Muse of dance. Terpsichore is crowned with laurels and strikes the strings of a large lyre like a harp, enlivening and inspiring the dancers with these sounds.
• Comic mask, ivy wreath, shepherd's crook, tympanum (genus of harp) - common attributes Waist, Muses of comedy and bucolic poetry.
• Erato- Muse of love poetry. Erato holds a light, small lyre in his hands. Very often, Eros (Cupid) was depicted next to Erato.
• Euterpe always depicted with a flute. Euterpe - Muse of lyric poetry and music.
• Polymnia, or polyhymnia, - Muse of eloquence and hymns. Polymnia has no attributes, but she is easily recognizable among her sisters by her pensive look and by the fact that Polymnia is leaning against a rock.
• Finally, Urania- Muse of star science (astronomy). At the feet of Urania is a globe, and in the hands of a stick-radius, which was used by ancient astrologers to indicate the stars visible in the firmament.

Location of the Muses

The original cult of the Muses appeared among the ancient tribe of Thracian singers who lived in Pieria, near Olympus, and then moved to Boeotia, near Mount Helikon. This mountain, like Parnassus, was the favorite residence of the Muses. There were beautiful shady groves, cool caves and transparent springs of Aganippus and Hippocrene, dedicated to the Muses.

On many ancient monuments of art, Apollo is depicted accompanied by nine Muses. The same plot is often reproduced by Renaissance artists. The Louvre has a famous painting by Mantegna "Parnassus", which depicts Apollo making the Muses dance to the sound of his lyre in the presence of Mars, Venus and Cupid.

Raphael, in his famous fresco in the Vatican, presented Apollo among the Muses. In the painting by Giulio Romano, the god of poetry himself dances with the Muses.

The Muses were very often depicted on Roman sarcophagi, as well as theatrical masks, because the ancients looked at life as a role that people played, as it were, in passing on earth, and whoever played his role well ended up on the islands of Bliss (Righteous) .

A beautiful sarcophagus known as the Muses, now in the Louvre, was discovered in the 18th century during excavations near Rome. On the lower bas-relief is a beautiful image of the nine Muses with their attributes.

Pierre's daughters

The Muses, like Apollo, did not leave unpunished those who dared to compete with them.

The Macedonian king Pier had nine daughters who were so proud of their musical abilities that they decided to challenge the Muses to a competition. They began to sing of the battle of the gods with the giants, ridiculing the first for the fact that many of them turned into animals in order to escape the terrible Typhaon.

Hearing this, the Muses and their companions became indignant, but since the nymphs of the whole country were invited to this competition, the Muses also had to sing. Calliope, tuning her lyre, sang about the mysterious abduction of Persephone and the mountain of Demeter.

The nymphs unanimously recognized Calliope as the winner, but the Pierides did not want to recognize the decisions of the very nymphs whom they also elected as their judges, and forgot themselves to the point that they tried to hit the divine Muses.

Kara was not slow to follow: Pierides were turned into forty. Having retained their innate talkativeness and vanity in this form, they began to resound the forests and fields with their sharp cries.

This ancient Greek myth perfectly characterizes the passion and bitterness of the competing art schools of ancient Greece.

Muses - the winners of the Sirens

The Muses also had other rivals - Sirens, they were called the Muses of death. On primitive monuments of art, Sirens were depicted with the head and hands of a woman and with the body of a bird. In subsequent images, the Sirens were represented as women with wings and paws of birds. The gods gave the Sirens wings and a torch when they went looking for Persephone.

Homer calls the Sirens charmers who seduce all men who dare to listen to their singing. “Who carelessly stops and listens to the singing of the Sirens, he will no longer see his wife or beloved children: the Sirens will enchant him with their harmonious voices and destroy him. Bones and the dried up skeletons of their victims lie around these charmers ”(“ Odyssey ”).

The Sirens dared to compete with the Muses, but were defeated by them and mercilessly plucked. In memory of this victory, the Muses were often depicted with feathers on their heads. The unfortunate, plucked Sirens threw themselves into the water from shame and grief - this is perhaps the reason why the latest artists mix them with Tritonides and depict them as women with fish tails.

ZAUMNIK.RU, Egor A. Polikarpov - scientific editing, scientific proofreading, design, selection of illustrations, additions, explanations, translations from Latin and ancient Greek; all rights reserved.

The loving Thunderer Zeus had many children. The goddess of memory Mnemosyne from Zeus had 9 daughters - muses. According to another version, the goddess Harmony was their mother.

Nine Muses of Ancient Greece

The Muses accompanied the radiant Apollo, sang songs and danced round dances, and were also the patrons of various spheres and arts, they were prescribed the gift of clairvoyance. It was believed that the Muses live on the sacred Mount Parnassus. Muse is translated from Greek - thinking. People worshiped the muses in temples built for them - museyons, hence the name of the museum. The word "music" is also derived from the muse, the term was used not only for the arts, but also for the sciences. Always young muses of ancient Greece, their names reflected the areas they patronized.

Names of 9 Muses of Ancient Greece

In the classical version there was nine muses of ancient greece names: Calliope, Melpomene, Clio, Thalia, Euterpe, Polyhymnia, Erato, Terpsichore, Urania. There are variations, depending on the sources. For example, Plutarch believed that there were three muses: Hypata, Nesa and Mat.

Calliope is the patroness of epic poetry. The most revered of the seseters, companion and patroness of kings. Calliope translates as beautiful voice. From the union with Apollo, Calliope gave birth to Homer and the sweet-voiced Orpheus. Also considered the mother of sirens. Calliope taught Achilles to sing and judged between Aphrodite and Persephone. In the hands of Calliope is a wax tablet and a stylus. Each muse has its own special attribute that distinguishes it from the sisters. To form a complete picture, you can type a query in your search engine: " Muses pictures of ancient Greece". Web resources provide both images of ancient sculptures and handwritten portraits.

Euterpe- the muse of lyric poetry and music. Euterpe's attribute is a flute and a flower wreath. She was the most feminine muse, the poems written by Euterpe, the inhabitants of Olympus, listened endlessly, they were so magnificent.

Melpomene - muse of tragedy. She was depicted in a laurel wreath and dramatic attire - a mantle, with a tragic mask and a sword in her hands. From the union of Melpomene with Achelous, sirens were born. According to one of the legends, two of them decided to compete in the art of singing with the muses, but lost, for which they were executed. Melpomene began to mourn them forever, as well as people who were disobedient to the gods. A sword is considered a symbol of this, and in some images it is replaced by a club - an inevitable punishment for those who contradict the Gods.

Waist- the muse of light poetry and comedy. She was depicted in sculpture and in paintings with a comedic, smiling mask in her hands. Melpomene is the opposite of Thalia. The eternally grieving Melpomene and the cheerful, optimistic Thalia. Both masks in their hands are a reflection that human life is a theater of the gods. seduced by the beauty and cheerfulness of Thalia. Knowing that the anger of Hera, the wife of Zeus, is boundless, she asked for refuge from Hades, the cult of the underworld.

Clio- the muse of history. It was believed that Clio retains on his scrolls any events taking place in the world, even minor ones. In ancient myths, the conflict between the muse and the goddess Aphrodite is described. Clio condemned the goddess for her love relationship with Dionysus, while the muse herself did not know love. In order to teach her a lesson, Aphrodite ordered her son Eros to shoot a love arrow at Clio, and at Pieron, an arrow that kills love. So Clio knew the highest feeling. In the images, the muse of history is traditionally with parchment.

Erato - patroness of love poetry. Depicted with a lyre or tambourine. She was depicted with roses woven into her hair. According to Erato, she got bored at one of the weddings, she handed her lyre to a blind musician, he played a melody and everyone present at the wedding felt an irresistible desire to never part. So there was music for marriage celebrations.

Terpsichore -symbolized dancing. Lyre attribute. The dance of Terpsichore is the unity of the soul and the body shell.

polyhymnia- composer and patroness of hymns. In museions, gifts were laid at the feet of Polyhymnia by orators. It gives the speaker's text fiery and coherent.

Urania- patronizes astronomy. Urania holds a globe in her hands, the distance at which she measures with a compass. Urania patronized not only. She is the wisest daughter of the Thunderer, of course, after Athena.

Various options for how they were named muses of ancient greece wikipedia displays in full. The Muses patronized only those who had pure thoughts. They were kind, beautiful and did not refuse to help the suffering. But if they were angered, the anger of the daughters of Zeus was terrible. There is a legend about nine royal daughters who competed in singing with Calliope. Of course, the mortals lost, but they did not want to admit the loss and built a squabble, for which they were turned into forty.

Muses of ancient Greece: presentation