Every student knows about it. However, not everyone knows the spelling rules of this part of speech, as well as which groups it is divided into, etc.

general information

It is a part of speech that names the properties and qualities of objects (for example, old armchair), events ( incredible incident), states ( strong feeling) and other phenomena of the surrounding world ( Hard childhood). In addition, the adjective indicates that the object belongs to someone ( mother's bag, fox hole).

Main types

Depending on how the adjective is designated and what feature it has, as well as what grammatical properties it has, this part of speech is divided into the following groups:

• relative;
• quality;
• possessive.

Relative adjectives

Such a group describes the properties of any sign, action or object through its relation to another sign, action or object.

Here are some examples: bookcase, children's fun, destructive power, brazil nuts, double whammy, religious beliefs, etc.

Quality adjectives

Such a group has its own characteristics, namely:

• Indicates signs of objects: age (old), the size (sick), speed (quick), color (blue), human properties (evil), score (normal), physical properties (strong, dense, thick, etc.).
• Forms such as excellent ( strongest, thinnest, most important, most important) and comparative ( stronger, thinner, more important, etc.).
• They have short forms (for example, fast, fat, mighty etc.). It should be especially noted that short adjectives may not be formed from all qualitative ones.

Possessive adjectives

Adjectives of this group answer the question “whose?”, and also indicate that something belongs to an animal ( hare hole, cow's milk) or person ( dad's wallet, Petya's car). It should also be noted that all possessive adjectives are formed from animate nouns using suffixes such as -nin, -in, -y, -ev, -ov.

Here are some examples: grandfather - grandfather; father - fathers, etc.

short name adjective

In addition to the division into relative, qualitative and possessive groups, this part of speech also differs in special forms. So, in Russian there are:

• brief;
• full adjectives.

Moreover, the first are formed by a kind of reduction of the second. To understand what features short adjectives have, you should consider all the rules regarding their formation and spelling. After all, only this information will allow you to correctly use this part of speech in writing a text or in an oral conversation.

endings

Adjectives in the short form in the singular have the following generic endings:

• Feminine - ending -a. Here are some examples: new, thin, strong, thin, etc.
• Masculine - zero ending. Here are some examples: strong, strong, thin, new, beautiful, etc.
• neuter - ending -o or -e (beautiful, strong, strong, new, bad, skinny, etc.).

In the plural, there are no gender differences in this part of speech in this particular form. Thus, all short adjectives have endings -and or -s (strong, strong, beautiful, new, graceful, skinny, etc.).

Features of the short form

As you can see, this part of speech can be declined by gender and number. However, it should be remembered that short adjectives never change by case. In a sentence, such members usually act as a predicate.

Let's give an example: She is very smart. In this case, the word "smart" is a short adjective that acts as a predicate.

It should also be noted that some types of this part of speech with several lexical meanings can form a short form only in some of them. For example, the word "poor" does not have a short adjective if it means "wretched, miserable." In addition, some adjectives also cannot have a full form. Such words include should, glad, love and much.

What is the difference from full?

They have a short form only. Their difference from the full ones lies in the definition of morphological features. That is, as mentioned above, this form of the presented part of speech does not change in cases, but is declined only in number and gender. In addition, short adjectives differ from full ones in their syntactic role. So, in a sentence, they act not as a definition, but in or as part of it. Although in some cases they are still referred to as a definition. Most often, this phenomenon is observed in phraseological turns or in works of folk art (for example, n and a bare foot, in broad daylight, a beautiful girl, a good fellow, etc..).

Spelling of short adjectives

To correctly use the short forms of adjectives, you should definitely study the rules for their spelling.

Formation of short adjectives

Short forms from full forms. This happens by adding generic endings to them:

• zero or male;
• medium (-e or -o);
• feminine (-i or -a).

In addition, short adjectives can be plural (ending -ы or -и) or singular. So how are these forms formed? These rules are very simple:

The ratio of full and short forms of adjectives

From the point of view of lexical meanings, 3 types of ratios of short and full forms of adjectives are distinguished:

1. Coincident in lexical meaning (for example, good day and good day beautiful baby and beautiful baby).

2. Coincide only in individual values:

• "Fake" means "fake". In this case, there is no short form.
• "Fake" in the meaning of "insincere". In this case, the short form will be "false".
• "Poor" in the meaning of "unfortunate". In this case, there is no short form.
• "Poor" in the meaning of "poor". In this case, the short form would be "poor".

3. The short form is considered as a semantic synonym and differs from the full one in its meaning:

• the short form denotes a temporary sign, and the long form denotes a permanent one (for example, the baby is sick and the baby is sick);
• the short form indicates an excessive manifestation of a trait (for example, old grandmother or old grandmother);
• the full form indicates an irrelevant sign, and the short form indicates a relation to something (for example, dress tight and dress narrow).
• in some cases, the meanings of both forms of adjectives are so divergent that they are used and perceived as completely different words (for example, the purpose of the journey was quite clear and the weather was clear).

Quality adjectives
Only high-quality adjectives have a full and short form: good - choir, excellent - excellent, fresh - fresh, cute - nice.

The short form of relative adjectives is usually used as a means of expression in artistic speech.

Let's give an example: Here are the same strings. They are like copper and like cast iron.
Only full forms are used in the definition function. However, in the function of the predicate, both full and short forms of adjectives can be used: Short day. The day is short. The day is short.

Case change retain only some adjectives in expressions of a folklore nature.

Let's give an example: on bare feet.

In a sentence, short adjectives are almost always the nominal part of the compound nominal predicate.
Let's give an example: He is smart; He is stately; He is cheerful.

Relative adjectives have only the full form.
Let's give an example: Iron, today's, comfortable.

Possessive adjectives with the suffixes "in" / "yn", "ov" / "ev", "iy" - in the singular form of the nominative case, they usually have only a short form.
For example: Daddy, daddy, daddy, daddy; wolf, wolf, wolf, wolf.

In indirect cases, such adjectives have:
either a short form: daddy's, wolf's;
or the full form: daddy's, wolf's.

The endings of short forms coincide with the endings of nouns.
Let's give an example: spring - daddy's; spring - daddy.

Quality adjectives usually have two forms: full and short.
Let's give an example: Cheerful - cheerful, beautiful - beautiful.

Full adjectives change by gender, singular, number and case.
Short qualitative adjectives answer the questions what? what? what is it? what are and vary by gender, in the singular and numbers.
To give an example: Happy, happy, happy, happy.

Declension of adjectives
The declension of adjectives, in comparison with the declension of nouns, is more unified. In the nominative case of the singular, adjectives have a gender difference: the case endings of the masculine, feminine and neuter genders are different. In the plural, adjectives have no gender differences, and case endings for all three genders are the same.

In modern Russian, there are three types of declensions of adjectives:
1. Declension of qualitative and relative adjectives like red, gold, summer, blue.
2. Declension of possessive adjectives such as brothers, aunts, fathers, friends.
3. Declension of adjectives into "y" such as wolf, bear.

The most productive is the first type of declension, which, by the nature of the last consonant stem, has three varieties: a hard declension variant (rich, stone), a soft declension variant (autumn, blue) and a mixed one: a) with a stem for hissing, b) with a stem for g , k, x and c) with a basis on c (pale-faced, small, smooth, long, quiet).

For adjectives with a basis on a solid consonant, the stress in declension is either only on the basis (kind, red), or only on the ending (sick, mute).

For adjectives with a base on a soft consonant and adjectives with a base on c, when declining, the stress always falls only on the base (stubby, autumn, blue).

Adjectives with a base on a solid consonant in the instrumental case of the feminine singular have a double ending: "oh" ("her") and "oh" ("her"). Their use depends on the style of speech: in a poetic language, the ending -oy ("her") is more common, which is due to the laws of poetic style (rhythm, rhyme, etc.), for example: swan.

Possessive adjectives in "in", "ov" ("ev") have a mixed type of declension: some of the case endings of these adjectives coincide with the endings of the solid declension of qualitative-relative adjectives, in some cases noun endings are used (in the nominative and accusative cases of all genders and numbers, in the genitive and dative cases of the masculine and neuter singular).

Possessive adjectives with the suffix "in" in modern Russian are increasingly inclined like full adjectives with a stem into a solid consonant (not sister, sister, but sister, sister, etc.).

Possessive adjectives for "rank" (bratnin, husband) are inclined in the same way as adjectives for "in".

Possessive adjectives in -ny (child, filial) are declined like full qualitative-relative adjectives of the soft declension variant (for example, near).

Possessive adjectives formed with the suffix -j- (wolf, wolf, wolf) have both full and short endings: wolf, wolf, etc., wolf, wolf, etc.

Adjectives that are used as nouns are declined according to the general rules for declension of adjectives.

Spelling of case forms of adjectives:
1. Adjectives have endings that are similar to the endings of the interrogative word what: with an excellent (what?) mood, about a beautiful (what?) bag, and the like.
Always remember that after hard consonants, vowels are written s, o, y, and after soft consonants - vowels - i, e, y.
Let's give an example: long stockings - blue stockings, in a long stocking - in a blue stocking; in a black bag - in a yellow bag.
2. Spelling o and e after hissing and c at the end of adjectives always depends on the stress: under stress - o, without stress - e, a large garden - a handsome boy.
3. In the nominative case of the masculine singular, full adjectives in the stressed position have the ending -oy, in the unstressed - "yy", "yy".
nightmare - blue ocean, early reception.
4. In all forms of possessive adjectives with the suffix "ij", except for the masculine singular form of the nominative case, a soft sign is written.
Wolf, wolf, wolf, wolf.
5. In short adjectives, a soft sign is not written after hissing.
Burning - burning, mighty - mighty.

The category of completeness / brevity is realized only in the category of qualitative adjectives and is formed by contrasting two forms - full and short - of the same adjective: white - white; old is old.

The short form is formed by adding a positive degree of endings to the stem: Ø for masculine, - and I for women - o/-e for the average, - s / -i for plural ( deep-Ø , deep-a, deep-o, deep-and).

If at the end of the stem there is a combination of consonants with<н>or<к>, then during the formation of the form m.r. a "runaway" vowel appears ( thin - thin, full - full). For adjectives with bases in -enn (such as painful, artificial, frivolous, numerous) in the form of m.r. truncation occurs -n (painful (cf. painful), artificial).

A short form is not formed from quality adjectives that

1) have suffixes characteristic of relative adjectives - sk-, -ov- / -ev-, -n-: brown, coffee, fraternal;

2) denote the colors of animals: brown, black;

3) have suffixes of subjective assessment: tall, blue.

From adjective small the short form is formed with the truncation of the stem-forming suffix – enk - (small - small, few, small), but from the adjective big- suppletive (big - great, great, great, great).

Short form only have adjectives much, should, glad, necessary, too big, too small etc.

The short and long forms of the adjective differ in morphological, syntactic and semantic features. The short form does not change by case, in the sentence it appears mainly as the nominal part of the predicate (cases like red girl, white combustible stone are phraseologized archaic); the short form acts as a definition only in a separate syntactic position ( Angry at the whole world, he almost stopped leaving the house).

In the position of the predicate, the meaning of the full and short forms usually coincides, but some adjectives may have the following semantic differences between them:

1) the short form denotes an excessive manifestation of a sign with a negative assessment, cf.: short skirt - short skirt;

2) the short form denotes a temporary sign, the full one - permanent, cf .: the child is sick - the child is sick.

The short form always names the main feature of the subject. The full form can denote both an additional attribute of an object (The cheerful girl was beautiful) and the main attribute of the same object (The Cheerful girl was beautiful).

Degrees of comparison of adjectives

Qualitative adjectives are characterized by an inflectional category of degrees of comparison, formed by the forms positive, comparative and excellent degrees(the comparative degree is called comparative, and the excellent superlative).

positive degree comparison is the original form of the adjective, in comparison with which the grammatical meaning of the comparative and superlative degrees is realized.

comparative adjective indicates that the characteristic expressed by the adjective is characteristic of this subject to a greater extent than for another ( Petyaabove Vasya; This riverdeeper than the other) or the same item in other circumstances ( Petya is taller than he was last year; The river is deeper here than there.).

Superlatives shows that the sign expressed by the adjective is characteristic of this subject to the highest degree in comparison with all compared objects ( most beautiful from gifts most high house in the city).

Comparative and superlative forms can be synthetic and analytical.

1. Synthetic(simple) form of the comparative degree denotes a greater degree of manifestation of the trait and formed as follows: the basis of a positive degree + formative suffixes -her(s), -e, -she/-same (quicker, higher, earlier, deeper).

If there is an element at the end of the base of a positive degree to / OK, this segment is often truncated: deep - deep.

Some adjectives have suppletive, i.e., formed from another stem, forms: bad is worse, good is better.

When forming a simple comparative degree, a prefix can be attached on- (newer). Simple comparative degree with a prefix on- is used if the adjective occupies the position of an inconsistent definition ( Give me a new newspaper) and does not require the introduction into the sentence of what the given feature is compared with. If there is in the sentence both what is being compared and what is being compared, the prefix on- introduces a colloquial tone ( These shoes are newer than those).

Morphological features of a simple comparative degree are uncharacteristic of an adjective. it

1) immutability,

2) the ability to control a noun,

3) use mainly in the function of the predicate ( He is taller than his father). A simple comparative degree can occupy the position of definition only in a separate position ( Much taller than the other students, he seemed almost an adult) or in a non-isolated position with a prefix on- in position after a noun ( Buy me fresher newspapers).

Analytical(compound) form of the comparative degree is formed with the help of auxiliary words more / less + positive degree ( more / less high).

The difference between a composite comparative degree and a simple one is as follows:

1) the composite comparative degree is wider in meaning, since it denotes not only a greater, but also a lesser degree of manifestation of a feature;

2) the composite comparative degree changes in the same way as the positive degree of comparison (initial form), i.e. by gender, number and case, and can also be in short form ( more handsome);

3) a composite comparative degree can be both a predicate and a non-isolated and isolated definition ( A less interesting article was presented in this journal. This article is less interesting than the previous one..)

2. The superlative degree of comparison, like the comparative, is simple and compound.

Synthetic The (simple) superlative form of the adjective is formed as follows: the stem of the positive degree + formative suffixes -aysh– / -aysh-(after k, g, x, causing alternation): good-eysh-th, Supreme

When forming a simple superlative degree of comparison, the prefix can be used nai-: kindest.

Morphological features of a simple superlative degree of comparison of adjectives: variability by gender, number, cases, the use of a definition and a predicate in the syntactic function. The simple superlative adjective does not have a short form.

Analytical The (compound) superlative form of adjectives is formed in three ways:

1) element the most + positive degree ( the cleverest);

2) element most / least+ positive degree ( most/least smart);

3) simple comparative degree + element total / all (He was smarter than everyone).

The forms of the compound superlative degree, formed by the first and second methods, have morphological features characteristic of a positive degree, i.e. they change according to gender, numbers and cases, they can have a short form ( most convenient), act both as a definition and as a nominal part of the predicate. Compound superlative forms formed in the third way are invariable and act mainly as a nominal part of the predicate.

Not all qualitative adjectives have degrees of comparison, and the absence of simple forms of degrees of comparison is observed more often than the absence of compound forms.

3. Derivational "degrees of quality" do not denote the actual intensity of the feature, but its subjective assessment by the speaker: forest greenish . Are formed:

1) the addition of prefixes archi-, ultra-, super-, times-, pre-, all- (archi-modern, ultra-right, super-powerful, etc.);

2) by adding suffixes –ovat-/-evat-, -onk-/-enk-, -ohonk-/-yoshenk-, -usch-/-yushch-, -enn- (plump, bluish, long, hefty, etc.) d.);

3) repetition of the basics, often with a prefix in the second part (cute-cute, cheerful-cheerful).

Question 13. Adverb. Classes of adverbs by meaning. Words of the state category, their meaning, morphological features and syntactic function. Differentiation of homonymous forms of adjectives, adverbs and words of the state category.

Adverb - it is an independent part of speech denoting a sign of an action, another sign, a state, rarely an object. Adverbs are invariable (with the exception of qualitative adverbs in - about / -e) and are syntactically adjacent to verbs, adjectives, adverbs, as well as to special words that name the states of living beings and the environment ( run fast, run very fast, run very fast).

In rare cases, an adverb can adjoin a noun: race run(noun has the meaning of action), soft-boiled egg, Warsaw coffee. In these cases, the adverb acts as an inconsistent definition.

The main morphological property of adverbs is their immutability - this is their constant morphological feature. However, qualitative adverbs in - about / -e, formed from qualitative adjectives, have degrees of comparison.

By virtue of its immutability, an adverb is associated with other words in a sentence by adjunction. In a sentence, it is usually a circumstance.

Some adverbs can act as a nominal part of predicates. Most often these are predicates of impersonal sentences ( Quiet on the sea), however, some adverbs can also serve as predicates of two-part sentences ( The conversation will be frank. She is married).

Adjective, we know from primary school. But how it is written in some cases is already forgotten. Let's remember this, and at the same time the semantic, morphological and syntactic principles of writing.

Adjective as a part of speech

The adjective is not a simple part of speech: it indicates the properties of an object, its qualities, describes what events and states can be. Moreover, the text, if present, becomes bright and saturated.

The change occurs in gender, number and case, depending on the name of the noun to which it refers. For example, "big table": in this case, the masculine noun "table" is used in the nominative case and singular; "large" has the same characteristics.

Varieties

There is a full and short form of the adjective. The possessive adjective has only the full form. A short adjective answers the question: what? what? what is it? what are A quality adjective has both forms. It is noteworthy that from ancient times only short ones were used in the Slavic languages. It is from them that the full, modern forms of the part of speech originated. At present, the use of the full form of the word in Russian is neutral. A short one is mainly used in literary vocabulary.

The short form of the adjective changes in the singular by gender and number. Take, for example, the word "beautiful". In the masculine gender, it has a zero ending. With a certain change, the following words are obtained:

• beautiful - feminine singular;
• beautiful - neuter singular;
• beautiful is plural.

The short form of the adjective does not change by case. Only some words in this form have case changes in phraseological units. An example of such a change would be expressions such as "on bare feet"; lines from the songs: "Green wine ordered to pour." From the point of view of the syntactic function in sentences, a short adjective is included in the compound nominal predicate and is its nominal part. For example: he is slender, he is kind.

In this case, we are talking only about a qualitative adjective. Relatives do not occur in short form. You can try to make relative words like "copper" or "washing" shorter. Nothing will work.

Possessive adjectives with the suffixes -in-, -yn-, -y, usually come in a short form in the singular nominative case (daddy, daddy's spring). In these cases, the ending coincides with a similar part of the word for nouns (spring is a noun, it has the ending -a; daddy is a possessive adjective also with the ending -a).

In order to accurately know where it is necessary or not at all necessary to put a soft sign, one should only determine the form of the adjective. But in short form, after the hissing consonant, the soft sign is not written: "burning - burning, hot - hot."

The short form of an adjective is very often confused with an adverb. In such cases, it is necessary to determine what the word agrees with. If it agrees with a noun, then it is an adjective. And if it refers to the verb - in this case, there is an adverb. For example: "a heavy burden" and "breathed heavily." The question of which adjective is characterized by a short form can be answered as follows: a qualitative one with a zero ending, if it is masculine singular, the same words that have endings -а/-я and -о/-е in the feminine and neuter gender in singular.

Use in text

They are used in the text in cases where the author needs a certain amount of categoricalness, since it is this connotation that adjectives in a short form have. This quality is not characteristic of full adjectives, since they significantly soften any quality of the subject. For example, they say about a person that "he is brave." This sounds assertive, but very mild. But the phrase "the guy dared" does not tolerate absolutely no objections.

Short forms of adjectives are formed from the full form. In the masculine gender, a zero ending is added, for example, in the word "deaf" only the stem should be left, the masculine gender is obtained - "deaf" ("When I eat, I am deaf and dumb").

Shades

The full and short forms of adjectives are different from each other: shades of meanings, emotional coloring, ways of formation. Some of them have a fluent vowel o-e. You can compare "low" and "low" derived from it. A similar example: "terrible" - "terrible".

Which adjective "proper" (short form) refers to was discussed above, but which of them do not have this form, it is worth considering. So, there are no short forms for adjectives denoting the suit of animals (black, bay, gray) and colors (blue, brown, orange, etc.); verbal words with the suffix -l- (obsolete - obsolete), with the suffixes -sk- and -ov- (soldier, combat).

The short form of the adjective "peculiar" will have such forms. Singular: inherent, peculiar, peculiar; plural: inherent.

signs

Adjectives have a number of differences and features. The full form determines the constancy in the sign, and the short one expresses only the sign that appears at a particular moment, besides, they have no case and declension. Two phrases can be compared: a sick child, a sick child.

The full and short forms of adjectives have significant differences in their function in the sentence.

• Complete - agreed definitions.
• Brief - part of the predicate.

The adjective name is one of the main ones used by its speakers constantly. It has a number of indicators, therefore, before answering the question of how the adjective changes, it is necessary to clarify what exactly should be understood by this part of speech.

The term "adjective" appeared in the Russian language a long time ago, and it was formed from the Latin word adjectivum, which means "addition" in translation. That is why the lexical meaning of the word "adjective" should be considered "a name that is attached to a noun."

In general, the adjective denotes a lexico-grammatical class of word forms denoting a non-procedural attribute of an object. The lexical meaning in this case is expressed with the help of inflectional categories. Adjectives in a sentence have their own syntactic function - a definition, in especially difficult cases they are a compound nominal predicate.

Adjective: three in one

Speaking about the adjective, three understandings of this term should be noted. According to the first, adjectives proper, pronouns-adjectives, participles and ordinal numbers should be attributed to this part of speech. The lexical meaning of these words (an attribute of an object) is supplemented with new shades. This point of view is called the broad understanding of the adjective.

There is a formal position of a moderate type, in which only adjectives proper and ordinal numbers are included under adjectives. This point of view was popular in the 60-70s of the XX century, until it gave way to a broad understanding actively lobbied by Russian Grammar-80.

With a narrow understanding of the name of the adjective, only adjectives proper are included in it. Many linguists prefer to adhere to this particular approach, since only it takes into account all the features by which a particular part of speech is distinguished. It is on the basis of this point of view that the analysis of the adjective is carried out today.

How does the adjective change?

The adjective has a number of morphological categories, with the help of which it can be changed if necessary. All these categories are dependent on other parts of speech, the adjective ending is a universal morpheme that can indicate inflectional categories.

Adjectives change according to gender, number and case, while when the word passes into the plural, the gender disappears as unnecessary. Most often, the inflectional categories of an adjective can be clarified by using its ending in combination with the ending of a noun. Sometimes it happens that the adjective is used with and at the end it is not possible to get complete information about the word. In this case, the meaning of the gender, number and case of the noun will depend on the ending of the adjective. The number of the adjective name plays an important role here, since it affects all indicators at once.

Short and long forms of adjectives

Most adjectives have short and long forms. During the existence of the Old Slavonic (Old Russian) language, short forms enjoyed priority, now the situation has changed exactly the opposite.

Adjectives in the full form are most often placed before the noun, in which case they play the role of a definition in the sentence. If the full adjective is behind the noun, it is most often the nominal part of the compound nominal predicate. If there is no verb in the sentence, the adjective takes on the role of the predicate.

Most often they are located after the noun, in this case they play the role of the nominal part of the compound nominal predicate. If the sentence contains a predicate expressed by a verb, a short adjective can play the function of a separate agreed definition.

Short forms of adjectives (qualitative)

Some qualitative adjectives have retained their short form; these are the remnants of the active use of this phenomenon in the Old Russian language. These forms usually denote temporary signs that may be applicable to a particular situation, in addition, they can convey a softened categorical assessment of a particular sign.

The short form is formed using the bases of full adjectives, to which generic endings should be added. In the formation of short masculine adjectives, the alternation of the letters “o” and “e” with zero sound may appear, this phenomenon is a consequence of the fall of the reduced ones.

It is important to be able to distinguish short forms from truncated adjectives that are actively used in folklore and fiction. Short adjectives can only be qualitative and change only by gender and number; they are most often used in postposition in relation to a noun.

Ranks of adjectives

To understand how the adjective changes, it is necessary to touch upon its lexical and grammatical categories. Qualitative adjectives can denote the qualities of people, objects and animals, color features, and also give a general assessment of any phenomenon referred to in the sentence.

Relative adjectives differ in that they express the attribute of an object indirectly, through their relationship to an object or some action. With the help of them, the relation to persons, animals, objects, actions, concepts, places, times and numbers is indicated. Lexical meaning is conveyed with the help of special suffixes.

Possessive adjectives are the most difficult category. In the broad sense of the word, it includes adjectives with possessive suffixes, in the narrow sense - a part of speech must simultaneously have two features - a suffix and an individual belonging to a person or object.

How to analyze an adjective?

Morphological parsing of an adjective is a fairly simple procedure that can be completed in a few minutes. The parsing scheme works the same for both the school level and the university level, so it will not cause any difficulties or additional trouble. If necessary, you can consult linguistic reference books.

In the analysis, it is necessary to indicate: the word form, the belonging of the word form to a part of speech, categorical meaning, the initial form + a question to it and a semantic question. Next, you need to specify all the lexico-grammatical indicators and the type of declension (with indicators). For quality adjectives, you will need to specify comparatives and short forms (with evidence in the form of indicators). Further, it is necessary to note by what nominal indicators the adjective is consistent with the number, case), and indicate its syntactic function in the sentence.

Unstressed adjective endings

Quite often, a situation arises when it is very difficult to check, since it is unstressed. In this case, you will need to use a number of questions (which? which? which? which? what?). You should also remember about exceptions - adjectives ending in “-s”, “-s”, “-s”, “-s”, in most forms they put a soft sign before the end: rabbit, rabbit, rabbit.

The exception is the nominative and accusative singular masculine. If the adjective was formed from the name of any month, the soft sign will be preserved: July - July.

How is an adjective learned?

Previously, the period when the adjective name began to be studied (Grade 3) did not suit everyone, which is why children today learn about parts of speech much earlier than previous generations. The adjective is much easier to learn because it is closely related to another part of speech - the noun, and even has similar grammatical indicators.

To find out how the adjective changes, you need to make every effort in the classroom and listen carefully to your teacher. However, if a child accidentally missed a lesson and it is now very difficult for him to catch up, he can open any reference book from a large number of scientific literature and find the answer to his question. The answer in this case may not always be correct, and this must be taken into account when searching.

In the university format, the adjective is studied much deeper, but a small number of hours are provided for its development, which will help the student to repeat only a basic understanding of this part of speech. However, university students have access to libraries and can easily and quickly find the information they need.