How long is a lesson in a French school. Characteristics of the country's resource base

In contact with

Classmates

Secondary education in France consists of several stages: school, college and lyceum. Education lasts 11 years, but the countdown starts in reverse, from more to less, i.e. from 11th grade to the oldest 1st grade. Until the 6th grade, children want to go to school, and from the 6th grade they go to college, and from the second to the lyceum. Schools are private and public. To enter the state, you need to pass a test in French, and also have either documents for housing ownership or a rental agreement, since schools are distributed by the municipality at the address of residence. We decided to send the child to a private college, since it is inexpensive in France - only 30-35 euros per month. Classes in colleges are held five times a week from 8 to 15-40, with a break from 12 to 14, and on Wednesday only from 8 to 12. In France, preference is given to the humanities, sometimes it seems that the child is studying at the philological faculty. At school, children learn English, then in college, Chinese is added from the 6th grade, Latin, Greek and German begin from the 5th, and Spanish or Italian at the end. It would seem that after such training, children should become just polyglots, but in practice they don’t even know English properly. During the English tests, the whole class unanimously cheats from my son. Their son evaluates their knowledge of English as the level of his kindergarten. With Chinese, it’s even more fun - for six months of classes for 2 hours a week, the children were able to master only the word “Hi”. Apparently the French language techniques leave much to be desired.
Physical education and sports play an important role in the college. In addition to training sessions, children go in for sports even during a two-hour break, when they can play football or ping-pong. There are also handball and volleyball sections, but they take place after the main classes. But with out-of-school sports sections in France, in my opinion, it is rather weak. Although the infrastructure for this is simply magnificent: a huge number of stadiums with excellent equipment and excellent football fields with natural turf, since the climatic conditions allow this.
At the same time, they are always empty, only one holds rugby classes, residents use the rest of the fields for dog walking. What caused such irrational use of expensive infrastructure is not clear. Perhaps the French women do not dream of making Arshavin or Kabaeva out of their children and they are not taken to the section, so the groups are simply not recruited.

The rest of the 6th grade subjects coincide with the Russian school: mathematics, biology, history combined with geography, technology, music, art. There is no OBZh, but there is a subject of catechesis, which is taught by a Catholic priest.

There are also household differences. For example, there is no wardrobe in a French school; children go to class right in outerwear and without a “shift”. But at the entrance there are lockers in which you can store textbooks so as not to drag them back and forth from home. There are practically no changes, except for a two-hour break, between lessons there are only a couple of minutes to move from class to class.
The school library does not carry a simple function of storing books, but is a party place where you can not only read, but also chat and watch movies. It is strictly forbidden to use phones at school, even during a break.

During the two-hour break, children are offered a lunch buffet, although for some reason without soup. Probably, French nutritionists, unlike Russian ones, do not consider soup a necessary attribute of the children's menu.
This pleasure costs 6 euros, but those who live nearby can go to dinner at home.
In my opinion, the system of waiting is not thought out in the French school. Until the bell rings, the doors to the school are locked, and the children run around the school yard or stand in any weather, even in cold and rain.
The situation is the same after classes - they are immediately expelled from the school premises, so the children, waiting for their parents, stand on the street, and for some reason there are no benches in the school yard. A similar situation is in a music school, although they are allowed to go there, but the children are waiting for classes in the corridor, sitting right on the floor.
From extracurricular activities there are trips to the theater, museums, trips out of town. There are also longer trips around Europe: to Spain, Germany, England.

Many young people dream of getting an education in France. If you are one of them or just interested in this issue, then pay attention to this article. In it, we will tell you how it works in France, and what levels students need to master.

A bit of history

Currently, many schoolchildren and students prefer to receive education in France. States in Europe offer everyone who wants high-quality and, what is very important, education that is quite affordable. To get high marks, the state has come a long way, which lasted more than a hundred years. The famous "Ferry Laws", which came out at the end of the 19th century, ordered citizens to study without fail from six to twelve years old. The next stage in the development of the system was the sixties of the 20th century. It was then that the government took drastic measures that helped the country achieve the desired results in the age of education. France had to introduce compulsory education for children under 16, to establish a junior and secondary school (college, lyceum or technical college). Next, we propose to take a closer look at all levels of education in France.

Preschool education

French kindergartens are waiting for kids from two to five years old. Most modern parents prefer to let their kids go to preschool from the age of three, although staying there is not mandatory. Here I would like to tell a little more about the development of education in France. The first kindergarten in this country appeared at the end of the 18th century, and already at the beginning of the 19th, a whole system appeared and actively functioned. In large industrial cities there were kindergartens for the poor and for the children of workers. The famous teacher Pauline Kergomar made a great contribution to France. It was she who proposed to teach preschoolers with game methods and to cancel Thanks to her, "Mom's School", which was formed at the beginning of the 19th century, became very popular and still functions in all cities of the country. This analogue of Russian kindergartens has the following levels of education:

Until the age of four, children only play.
Up to five years of age, they study drawing, modeling, improve oral speech and interpersonal communication.
The last age group is up to six years. Here the kids are preparing for school, master counting, reading and writing.

Sometimes you can hear critical remarks about mother schools that claim that the rules here are unnecessarily strict. However, most experts believe that French kindergartens provide children with decent preparation for school - one of the best in Europe.

in France

Children who have reached the age of six go to college, where they study according to the same program for everyone. Without fail, kids improve their counting, writing and reading skills. Also, they all learn a foreign language and improve their spoken language in their native language. In the third grade, students take exams and receive a diploma.

Secondary education

At the age of 11, children can choose their further path - to enter a regular lyceum, a technical or professional one. The latter option involves a two-year training in the chosen profession (like a vocational school in our country), after which a certificate of completion is issued. However, in this case, the student does not have the right to receive higher education, in contrast to the first two cases. Graduation from a general lyceum allows you to enter any university, after a technical one you can continue your studies in your specialty.

Not only public, but also private schools operate in the country. There are also boarding schools. In state institutions, education is absolutely free (only textbooks will need to be bought on their own) and not only French citizens, but also foreigners can enter there. True, you will have to pass an exam on knowledge of the language, pass an oral interview and write to foreigners take without problems if they speak French at a basic level.

Higher education in France

Anyone can get a higher education, but the future student must have a bachelor's degree, which every lyceum graduate receives. Next, he will have to choose what type of education he wants to receive. You can take a short cut and become a graduate in service or industry in two years. The advantage of this path is time saving and the possibility of quick employment. Anyone who prefers long-term education (and this is from five to eight years), after graduation, can apply for a highly paid job in a prestigious company.

Universities

The education system in France is designed in such a way that anyone can get a profession for free. Even a foreigner can enter these educational institutions if he passes a language proficiency test and passes an interview. It should be noted that universities that teach the professions of a doctor, lawyer, teacher and journalist are considered the most prestigious. In most universities, the state pays 30% of the places, and the rest of the students will have to pay an entrance fee (from 150 to 500 euros). However, many are happy with such conditions, since students are entitled to a scholarship, which is approximately 100 euros per month. Private universities charge students for a fee of 10,000 to 20,000 euros per year (depending on the chosen specialty).

higher schools

Higher education in France can be obtained at prestigious higher schools, however, to get this opportunity, you will have to pass a serious exam. Some of them accept only students who have completed a basic course of study at the university. Studying at such a school is considered more prestigious, since graduates are guaranteed employment and high earnings. Some students receive a scholarship from the state, as they are future teachers, military men, librarians and even politicians.

Language schools

If you decide to learn French, the so-called language schools will help you with this. You can come for training in a period of seven days, but the average duration of the course is from two to four weeks. People with any level of language proficiency - elementary, basic or advanced can study here. Immersion in the language environment guarantees a high result for both. Courses are also provided for such narrow specialists as doctors, lawyers, and travel agency workers. Many students combine this peculiar study in France with cooking classes, riding school and many other entertainments. Typically, students spend 20 to 30 hours per week studying, and the average cost per week is 300 euros.

schooleducation in France - this is a system more similar to the American one than the Russian one. Education is considered to be of high quality. Although not without problems.

According to the PISA ranking, in which 65 countries participate, France is in 25th place (Russia is 34th), behind many European countries (the first three places are Asian countries, the first European country is Finland). As part of the creation of this ranking, it was found that in France academic performance directly depends on the economic well-being of students' families. Thus, children of immigrants are 2 times more likely to get into the worst students.

In recent years, the main problem in French education is the teaching staff. There are few teachers for the large number of students. Therefore, teachers have a hard time and they often go on sick leave. It is also very difficult to replace absent teachers, as their teachers are already heavily loaded, and finding a replacement is also not easy. Many refuse to substitute because the schools are in disadvantaged areas with a high concentration of difficult students. In connection with this state of affairs, a scandal broke out recently: in one college, students were left without mathematics lessons for a month. The college could not find a replacement. Connected parents to search for friends. They gave ads. They even complained on television so that the case would get even more eyeballs.

These kinds of problems usually occur in public schools. Private schools, having a higher budget at their disposal, are in a better position.
Strikes are also not uncommon. Both teachers and students. Yes, it seems like a joke, but the students of the lyceum go on strike from time to time. Of course, the reason for their strike is not a dislike of professors or a desire to reduce the number of classes. The occasion is political stories concerning youth and the school as a whole, such as the reduction of the teaching staff or the tragic death of a young man in a clash with the police. They not only do not go to classes, but also barricade the entrance to the lyceum. The strike is an old French tradition.

School education in France is free when it comes to a public institution. A more prestigious education in private schools, mostly Catholic (there are also Jewish and Protestant ones), costs from 250 € / year to 600 € / year. The cost greatly depends on the region in which the private school is located. For example, in the Paris region, such schools tend to be more expensive.
Below are the statistics for 2013 in France:

Primary school costs an average of 260€/year.

Private college 450€/year.

Private lyceum 580€/year.

Prestigious means no "excess children": usually from poor families, the curriculum being the same as in a public school. The main difference, in addition to payment, is the study of religion (these schools are called Catholic for a reason), as well as an offer for in-depth study of foreign languages for a fee. But it must be added that in the state. schools, not everything is free: after-school and canteen in the state. institution is also paid pleasure. True, if the family has a small income, then the price can be significantly reduced. The cost of lunch varies from 0.15€ to 7€ depending on the family income.

All children are required to study in schools until the age of 16, if the school excludes a student for any reason, she is obliged to enroll him in another educational institution.

12 years of education, divided into 3 parts.

Primary school from 6 years old, 5 classes.

The doors of the school usually open 45 minutes before the start of classes, so that parents who start work early do not be late. The territory of the school is fenced, no one can go there. Children are brought and taken away by parents or nannies. It is very rare to see children walking to school on their own, and even at the end of classes, a decent crowd of pickers gathers outside the school gates.

Primary school has 24 hours of classes per week.
Monday, Tuesday, Friday: full school day, that is, 5 hours 30 minutes of classes. Classes usually start at 8:30 am and end at 4:00 pm.
Wednesday, Thursday the duration of classes is 3:30, from 8:30 to 12:30. Children are picked up from school early.
1h30 for lunch. 15 minute breaks between lessons.

College, 4th grade.

Going from school to college without exams. In their final year of college, everyone takes a state exam. The college is not in the same building as the elementary school. Teenagers and children do not overlap.

First year of college : 25 hours per week. Pupils begin to learn English, which is given the same number of hours as mathematics (4 hours).

Second year of college A: 25h30 lessons per week. The study of Latin, as well as physics and chemistry, begins. There are 2 electives to choose from, usually the study of the local dialect, or another foreign language.

In the third year : 28h30 min lessons per week. The study of a second foreign language begins. The following electives are offered to choose from: the study of the local dialect, or another foreign language, or a dead language (Greek, Latin), as well as vocational training. All students must complete a mandatory internship at the enterprise lasting 1 week.

Organization of the school day:

Classes start at 8:30 am, end at 4:45 pm or 6:15 pm for senior college classes. 15 min breaks, 1 hour lunch. Lesson duration 55 min.
There is no division into first/second shift.

Lyceum, 3rd grade.
Specialization.
There are 3 different types of lyceum

Technological Lyceum.

Laboratory: science and technology;

Sustainability and Industry;

Design and applied art;

Management;

Health and social sphere;

Music and dancing;

Hotel business;

Agronomy.
After this direction, applicants go to engineering professions or pass a diploma in 2/3 of the year and start working.

Professional Lyceum.
2 or 3 years of study depending on the specialization.
75 directions.
40-50% of classes are devoted to the professional direction: classes in the atelier, laboratory or construction site. The rest of the time is devoted to mathematics, French, history, geography, physics, chemistry, biology and English.
A highly qualified specialist is graduating, ready to work or you can continue your education in your specialty.

General direction.
(Literary bias, economic bias, bias towards the exact sciences, or simple, depending on the future profession). After that, admission to a higher educational institution is envisaged.

For a hundred students, 50 go to the General direction, 23 to the technological and 27 to the professional.

Schedule Mon, Tue, Thu, Fri from 8:30 to 17:30, lunch break 1 hour. Wednesday from 8:30 to 12:30.

At the end of the lyceum is held state. an exam that many fail. In 2013, only 86.8% were able to pass this exam. The session consists depending on the direction of 9 to 10 exams, written and oral. As a rule, in all directions there are French, mathematics, philosophy, science, history and geography.

Often in France they stay for the second year, or skip the class.
As of 2013, 18% of students remained in elementary school for the second year, in college 23.5%. There are no statistics for lyceums. More and more, the government is thinking about what measures to take to reduce the level of repetitions, since France is the European champion in this direction.

Estimates are put on a 20-point scale. It is considered that the student coped with the task if he has 10 or more points. Grades begin in elementary school. But now there is a debate about removing the pre-college grading system, as many children develop increased anxiety and a reluctance to go to school.

All students study from September to the end of June.
Holidays 2 weeks at the end of October, 2 weeks at the end of December for winter holidays, 2 weeks in February are winter holidays, 2 weeks in April. And of course the summer holidays. Classes start September 1st.

For foreigners whose native language is not French, the following procedure is provided:

The student takes a French test to determine what level they have; also, due to the differences in programs between the 2 countries, the student takes a knowledge test to determine which class he should go to. This test is administered in your native language. There is also a test for the level of knowledge of a foreign language (for example, English).
The student enrolls in a special group with intensive French study, but he also regularly attends an ordinary class to get used to studying subjects in French. Tests are done to measure progress in language learning. At the end of the year, the student must move to an ordinary class, but in addition, he is provided with lessons to improve French.

I hope that I was able to tell in detail about school education in France.

If you have comments or questions, write.

T. M. Demenkova, teacher of geography
Secondary School No. 14, Petropavlovsk

Tasks:

educational:

Educational:

Practical:

Working with a textbook, literature, maps, other sources of information

Lesson location: 1 (2), (first of two)

During the classes

1. Organizational moment

Introductory speech of the teacher:
Today we will get acquainted with a beautiful country - France. In the lesson you will learn a lot of interesting things about this wonderful state. Therefore, today we are holding a conference at which each creative group will present its topic.

The study of the country was carried out according to a pre-proposed plan

Coat of arms.
Flag.
Physical and geographical characteristics of the country
Administrative division
Economic assessment of natural conditions and resources
Characteristics of the country's resource base
Characteristics of the industry (by industry)
Characteristics of agriculture (by industry)
Landmarks of the country. Tourism

Symbols of France

On July 14, 1789, French citizens broke into the fortress of the Bastille prison in Paris to free political prisoners. This action was the beginning of the French Revolution, which marked the end of the monarchy and the beginning of the French Republic. Since then, the day of the capture of Brazil has been celebrated on a grand scale throughout the country and is one of the important symbols of France. "Freedom, equality, fraternity" (Slide).

This national motto is a well-known symbol of France and is written not only on the official French logo, but also on coins and souvenirs. This motto was first used during the days of the French Revolution and was officially enshrined by the third French Republic and entered into the Constitution in 1958.

France is one of the most symbolic countries on the planet. Numerous national symbols are associated with the French Revolution (18th century) by the French flag, vertical stripes have their own interpretation (Slide)

Coat of arms of France

The French Republic does not have an official coat of arms, as the coat of arms has always been associated with the monarchy. Since 2003, all public administrations have used the Marianne logo against the background of the French flag (Slide). Many other official documents (for example, on the cover of a passport) show the unofficial coat of arms of France. Adopted since 1999

Flag of France

(French drapeau tricolore or drapeau bleu-rouge, drapeau bleub- blanc-rouge, drapeau francais, less often le tricolore, in military jargon - les couleurs) - is the national emblem of France in accordance with the 2nd article of the French constitution of 1958. It consists of three vertical equal-sized stripes: blue - at the pole edge, white - in the middle, and red - at the free edge of the cloth. The ratio of the flag's width to its length is 2:3. Introduced into use May 20, 1794.

Origin of flowers

The blue banner has been used since the time of Clovis 1, the first Frankish king, and was associated with the color of the vestments of Saint Martin of Tours, the patron saint of France. According to legend, the saint shared his cloak (blue) with the beggar of Amiens, and Clovis, after the adoption of Christianity around 498, changed the white banner to blue in honor of him.

White color between 1638 and 1830 was the color of the royal flag and some naval banners. From 1814 to 1830, it was also the color of the banners of the royal army. The white color symbolizes France and everything that is connected with the divine order, with God (hence the choice of this color as the main emblem of the kingdom - according to the official doctrine, the power of the king was of divine origin).

During the reign of Hugh Capet and his descendants, the kings of France had a red oriflamme in honor of St. Dionysius, since he was the legendary founder of the abbey, which since the time of Dagobert 1 was especially revered.

Size and colors

For a long time, the tricolor flag had uneven stripes, sometimes a red stripe at the hoist, sometimes a blue one. By decision of Napoleon Bonaparte, the flag took on a modern look: the three stripes should be of equal width, and the blue stripe should always be located near the flagpole.
The colors of the flag were determined and adopted under Giscard d'Estaing.

Marseillaise (audio)

This song became the official French national anthem in 1795. The Marseillaise was written by a captain in the Army of the Rhine, in Strasbourg in 1792. The song was originally intended to be used on the march from Marseille to Paris.

Full geographical description of the country

France is located in the west of Europe. This is the third largest country in Western Europe (Slide 12)
Area 547 thousand square meters. km. (647,843 sq. km. together with overseas regions)
France has the shape of a hexagon, so its second name is "Hexagon" - "Hexagon"
6 countries have borders with France: Belgium. Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy and Spain. France has overseas territories in the Americas, the West Indies, the Indian and Pacific Oceans, and Antarctica. (Slide 14, 15).
The English Channel separates France and Great Britain.
In the north of France it is washed by the North Sea and the English Channel, in the west by the Atlantic Ocean and in the south by the Mediterranean Sea.
France is a country of plains and mountains. (Slide 14, 16)
The plains stretch from north to west. The mountains are located in the south and east of the country.
The largest mountains: the Vosges (in the northeast), the Jura (in the east), the Alps (in the southeast, in the Alps is the highest peak of Western Europe, Mont Blanc), the Pyrenees (in the southwest) and the Massif Central (almost in the center countries). (Slide 14, p17)
There are many rivers in France. The largest rivers: Loire, Seine, Rhone, Garonne.
The Loire is the longest navigational river. (Clip). It originates in the Central Massif and flows into the Atlantic Ocean. The Loire is the most beautiful river on which there are numerous French castles. Castles of the Loire (Slide 14, 18)
The Garonne is the shortest river. It originates in the Pyrenees and flows into the Atlantic Ocean.
The Rhone is the fastest and deepest river. It flows into the Mediterranean Sea.
The Seine is the most famous river, because the capital of France, Paris, is located on it. The Seine (775 km, from Latin “calm”) is a flat river. The Seine is navigable and ensures the movement of goods between Paris and Rouen.
Big cities of France: Paris, (the capital of France), Lyon, Marseille, Le Havre, Bordeaux, Nantes, Toulouse, Strasbourg (Slide 19, 20)

France is a state in Western Europe

Administrative divisions: Before the French Revolution (1789–1794), France was divided into historical provinces, each with its own capital and Parliament (37 historical provinces). Now we will listen to a song about Gascony from the movie "Three Musketeers"
After the revolution, the provinces were replaced by departments (95 departments + a special territorial-administrative unit of Corsica), each department is divided into communes (more than 36 thousand)
Since 1972, the departments have been regrouped into 22 economic regions + 4 overseas regions.
French regions: Aquitaine, Brittany, Burgundy, Upper Normandy, Ile de France, Corsica, Languedoc - Roussillon, Limousin, Lorraine, Lower Normandy, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Auvergne, Picardy, Provence - Alps - Côte d'Azur, Poitou - Charente, Rhone - Alps, Loire Lands, Franche - Comte, Center, Champagne - Ardennes, Alsace, South - Pyrenees (Slide 10, 11)
Overseas regions: Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion, French Guiana.

4. Economic assessment of natural conditions and resources. (Speech by the representative of the country)

In France, two types of landscapes prevail: in the west and in the north with small elevations. Mountains prevail in the central part, in the south and southeast of the country: on the border with Spain and Andorra - the Pyrenees, with Italy and Switzerland - the Alps.

Characteristics of the main features of nature

France in the west and north is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, in the south - by the Mediterranean Sea. It borders with Spain, Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany, Italy and Switzerland.

Western and northern regions of France - plains (Paris basin and others) and low mountains; in the center and in the east - medium-altitude mountains (Central French Massif, Vosges, Jura). In the southwest - the Pyrenees, in the southeast - the Alps. The climate is maritime temperate, transitional to continental in the east, subtropical Mediterranean on the Mediterranean coast. Average January temperatures are 1-8 C, July 17 - 24 C; rainfall 600 - 1000 mm per year, in the mountains in some places 2000 mm or more.

Large rivers: Seine, Rhone, Loire, Garonne, in the east - part of the Rhine. Under the forest (mainly broad-leaved, in the south - evergreen forests - about 27% of the territory).

Most of northern France is occupied by a wide plain, bordered on the west by the rocky mountains of the Normandy Upland, and on the east by wooded hills.

The coast of the Atlantic Ocean in the south is low and sandy, with dunes, in the north it is rocky and steep.

Forests occupy 24% of the country's territory. Deciduous broad-leaved species predominate (oak, beech, hornbeam, chestnut, linden). Most of the rivers flowing towards the Mediterranean belong to the Rhone basin.

Characteristics of the country's resource base.

Dependence of the structure of the economy on resources

France is a highly developed country, one of the world leaders. In terms of economic development, it is in 4th place in the world. The country produces uranium, as well as coal, natural gas and a small amount of oil. About 77% of electricity is generated by nuclear power plants. The main manufacturing industries: aerospace, chemical, food, tire, perfumery, automotive, shipbuilding, non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy. The country produces iron ore (5th place in the world), coal, natural gas, uranium, bauxite, zinc, lead, tungsten, and gold.

country export. Import country

Exports: machinery and transport equipment, aircraft, chemical industry products, pharmaceutical industry products, steel and ferrous metallurgy products, wines. Imports: machinery and equipment, crude oil, vehicles, chemical products.

In France, wheat, oats, barley, rye, corn, rice, potatoes, vegetables and fruits are grown.

Main export items: engineering products, scientific instruments and instruments, automobiles, foodstuffs, wines, tobacco products, clothes, perfumes.

Landmarks of the country

(slide show)

France is the undisputed world leader in international tourism. It annually receives over 5 million tourists. Main tourist centers: Paris with its museums, theaters and architectural masterpieces.

Nice is one of the most famous resorts with the largest beaches, an international tourism center with annual flower festivals and carnivals, as well as book festivals.

Caen is an international center for tourism and sailing and is famous for its annual film festival. Alpine resorts attract skiers.

... Everyone has their own associations with the word France, but everyone remembers Paris, the Eiffel Tower and the Champs Elysees, the Louvre and the Bastille, the Musketeers and Joan of Arc, Pierre Richard and Louis de Funes, Napoleon and Josephine, fashion boutiques and unique Chanel fragrances...
Natural, historical and cultural monuments are scattered throughout the provinces of France.

Architectural masterpieces of Paris, Louvre, Tuileries, Eiffel Tower. There are 1300 museums in the country. The largest of them are located in Paris: the Louvre, the Musée d'Orsay. (clip "Paris")

Customs and traditions of France

Describing the cultural "portrait" of France is a thankless task. The peoples of the entire European continent and North Africa mixed here. Moreover, the process of integration has been going on for several centuries. At the same time, the French ethnos itself has an amazing resistance to external influences, retaining its language, traditions and way of life.

The French education system is compulsory for children from 6 to 16 years old. The higher education system consists of universities, higher schools and institutes. There are more than 70 universities in the country. French high schools are prestigious educational institutions with a limited enrollment. Successful graduation guarantees good career prospects in any of the sectors of the economy.

... and all the Kuznetsk bridge and the eternal French! From there, fashions come to us and authors, and muses, destroyers of pockets and hearts ...

The attitude to clothing throughout France is quite calm. Despite the fact that the country is known for its fashion houses and design schools, in everyday life the French people use practical and comfortable clothes.

The names Chanel (Chanel), Dior (Dior), Yves Saint Laurent (Yves Saint Laurent) are associated with a turning point in the history of costume - the era of the emergence of High Fashion (Haute Couture), when fashion design is elevated to the rank of art and overgrown with many legends.

In 1928, the skirt barely covers the knees. Gabrielle Chanel brings English style into fashion. Tweed - the fabric of clothing of Scottish landowners - becomes the material for a Chanel-style suit that is still relevant today. Coco not only makes the sweater an indispensable part of one lady's wardrobe, but also suggests wearing luxurious jewelry to it.

Many items of modern wardrobe, which seem to us completely natural and as if always present, were invented by Coco Chanel: A shoulder bag, metal jewelry, chains. Turning historical events certainly have an impact on fashion.
Back in 1932, the head of the Parisian police forbade Marlene Dietrich to go out into the street in trousers, after she tried to walk in this form along the Seine. And during World War II, trousers became the usual clothing for women who replaced men at work in the rear.

The war was over, and society was expecting a new explosion of fashion. 1946 - the appearance of the first bikini swimsuits. In 1947, Christian Dior created a new style. In the book “I am a ladies' tailor,” he wrote: “We have left behind us the era of war, uniforms. Labor service for women with the broad shoulders of a boxer. I painted women reminiscent of flowers, gently bulging shoulders, a rounded chest line, liana-like slender waists and a wide, diverging from top to bottom, like a cup of a flower, skirt. Already in 1948, Dior's "new style" was adopted not only by all of Europe, but also by America.

In the 50s, along with the first line intended exclusively for young people, Dior creates several lines of clothing styling under "H", "X", "U", "A", etc. It goes without saying that the fashion of the 50s was not created by Dior alone. The 50s - the time of the highest heyday and glory of the Parisian "haute couture".

One of the thriving haute couture houses at the time was the House of Hubert de Givenchy. This perfect stylistic duo reflected the standard of 50s elegance.

In 1957, the fifty-two-year-old Christian Dior passed away. The following year, 21-year-old Yves Saint Laurent, as the chief fashion designer of the House of Dior, released his first sensational collection. In 1962 the House of Yves Saint Laurent was created.

The 60s-70s-80s-90s each decade offered new design finds, the style repeatedly changed (from neo-romantic to minimalist). The geography expanded. The Italians (Gucci, Valentino, Versace) and the Japanese (Kenzo Takada, Mitsuhiro Matsuda, Yohji Yamamoto, Rei Kawakubo, Issey Miyake) entered the stage.

Final word from the teacher:

Today we made our acquaintance with France. In the next lesson, we will continue to study the industry, agriculture, wind farms of this country.

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Homework

“In the middle of the fifth grade, my daughter, a student of a Moscow school, one of the hundred best in Russia, began studying at a provincial French college - an analogue of our high school. She did not know French at all. Mercy, bonjour, silvuple - do not count. Today, the most terrible threat to her is the promise to send her back to Moscow to study.” "Mel" has already written about how in France and, and today we are publishing a monologue of a mother whose daughter is studying at a French college.

Under the gaze of the school administration, I was always shy. But, as it turned out, the administration can be friendly and hospitable. We were surprised by the complete acceptance on the part of the college: if you live on our territory, then you will study. There is not enough necessary document - do not worry, bring it somehow later. We took our word for previous estimates. No daughter was subjected to any tests. Need to study? Will learn. Difficulties arise - we will help. “Maybe we should write her down a class?” I asked. "What for? Let him learn with his age! But if there are a lot of problems, it is better to repeat this year. But I’m almost sure that it won’t come to that,” the director gave me hope. And not a hint about any tutoring for money.

French College / Photo: devoirscmbaste-quieta.eklablog.com

In a college in a town with a population of three and a half thousand people, about 450 children aged 11-15 study. These are the sixth, fifth, fourth and third grades (here reverse class numbering), four or five parallels each, 25 children per class. The college attracts children from the surrounding tiny towns and villages. To do this, there are free school buses of six different routes.

At the agreed hour, the bus picks up children from specially equipped stops and returns there at a certain hour

For safety reasons, children are required to wear a bright yellow vest with the symbols of the department.

The French, as you know, are not strong in English, so my daughter's rather lively spoken English is a weak help. And yet, having learned that her daughter spoke English, the mathematics teacher, in order to explain at least something to her, began to bring a French-English dictionary with her to the lesson. Fizruk was not too lazy to resort to the help of an Englishman from a parallel class. Other teachers actively used drawings and pantomime, so that sometimes everyone laughed together. Nobody complained. Nobody called us, didn’t sound the alarm, didn’t get indignant, didn’t ask for help.

Lesson in a French college / Photo: franceinfo.fr

We were also sent to an association that helps children learn. The cost of assistance in learning French is five euros per year. For these five euros, a teacher comes to college and teaches her French during private lessons. The schedule has individual lessons for each student, each has his own subjects, which he pulls up, and if there is nothing to pull up, he studies in depth.

What is La vie scolaire

La vie scolaire, which translates as "school life" is a division in the school, consisting of six people, three girls and three young people aged 21 to 35 years. They have a special office where every child can go on any issue. The task of "Viskol" is to solve all organizational issues. One meets students at the gate, the other is on duty in the dining room, the third marks the passes and monitors attendance. La Vie Scolaire organizes extracurricular activities, helps to find lost things, resolves conflicts between children, and so on.

Cabinet la vie scolaire / Photo: lyc-durand-castelnaudary.ac-montpellier.fr

The school day in the college starts at 8.30 and ends at 17.00 (Wednesday at 12.00). It seems like a long time, but my daughter, returning home, does not look tired. Firstly, the lunch break lasts an average of two hours, which allows not only to eat without haste, but also to truly relax. In addition, there are two more breaks of 15-20 minutes and a few small ones - just to move from class to class.

At big breaks, children are not allowed to be in school - they must breathe fresh air and move

Pupils walk in the school yard: they play ping-pong, ball games, just walk in groups, communicate, chat with pets from La vie scolaire, who look after the children on the street and often take part in their games.

Change / Photo: eduscol.education.fr

Children also have a rest on etudes which are in the schedule. You can have time to do your homework on them, or you can go about your business, the main thing is to sit quietly and speak only in a whisper.

There is no school uniform in the college. There are no changeable shoes. Not even a dressing room. Jackets children carry with them from class to class. But everyone has lockers with locks, where children store books, sportswear, so as not to carry heavy things. Despite the fact that everyone wears street shoes, the school is always very clean, and my daughter has never seen a cleaner. Probably, unlike our formidable fairies with floor rags, angrily screaming after the children, the French cleaners do their work during the lessons, and therefore the students do not interfere with them.

The highlight of the school is lunch

“If I don’t feel like getting up in the morning, I remember what a delicious lunch awaits me at school,” said her daughter after a month of study. It was the dinners that became, perhaps, the most striking first impression of my daughter from the college. For the first two months, she enthusiastically described the menu in detail every day, and I, along with her, never ceased to be amazed at its diversity. The names of the dishes sounded like restaurant ones, and their composition made me salivate and even desire to cook something similar to the guests. The main dishes on the menu have never been repeated in the first two months.

The daughter is surprised by the care: if there are grapefruits among the fruits, then they will definitely be offered sugar in a bag

Sugar relies on both strawberries (suddenly for someone it is not sweet enough), and natural yogurt. They give a piece of butter to the radish, and a slice of lemon to the fish. It surprises us, but if you think about it, it's normal. It is just as normal as it is to serve dishes beautifully for children, cultivating in them a love of beauty, and not bad habits.

French school canteen / Photo: france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr

The employees of the dining room are smiling, they do not scold the child, even if he dropped the tray. But he must clean up after himself.

The cost of a school lunch is two euros 10 cents, that is, approximately 150 rubles (parents pay once a trimester). Given that the minimum wage here is several times higher than in Russia, the price for such a chic dinner is more than modest.

How students are taught to love sports

TRP standards in French schools do not pass. The main thing is sports leisure during changes. Many children come to school with their own ping-pong rackets, balls (although all this can be taken from La Vie Scolaire). And the very fact that children are required to go outside during breaks and move, and not stand with their hands on a smartphone by the window, is important. By the way, using phones in college is strictly prohibited. For disobedience, the child's phone is confiscated for 24 hours. I thought that the fact of the ban would greatly upset my daughter, but it turned out that at the age of 12 she is already quite capable of appreciating all the advantages of gadget-free leisure.

Sports competitions / Photo: blogs.crdp-limousin.fr

Physical education lessons are completely different here. They are more complex and interesting. The teacher insures each child when performing complex acrobatic and gymnastic exercises. In addition, children are taught to play a variety of sports games: ping-pong, handball, badminton, football.

During the year, competitions are organized in various sports between colleges. For example, in May, my daughter had rugby and football matches

The whole class takes part, even if the child has never tried himself in this sport before. To my surprise, after the rugby competition, my daughter fell in love with this unpopular sport in Russia and now wants to play it.

Winners in sports cross / Photo: asanatolefrance.canalblog.com

Why the 20-point grading system is better

In France, a twenty-point grading system has been adopted. My daughter believes that such a system better reflects your level of knowledge, more accurate, with her "you can't be free". And also, in her opinion, when there are only five grades, but in fact there are three, the teacher involuntarily stretches the grades for her favorites and underestimates those whom she dislikes. And I agree with her. When a teacher has 20 points in his arsenal, then the criteria for grading are more clear, therefore, the probability of an accurate and unbiased assessment is higher. Every mistake counts. And not just a mistake.

In order to get a score greater than 17, you need to give something "outstanding": an original thought or solution. With a five-point system, these efforts are difficult to evaluate. The five gets both the one who tried very hard, and the one who just did it soundly. It kills the desire to do something outstanding. And in certain cases, a four can be received by one who “has a lot of corrections and no errors” and one who has as many as three errors. To children, this, of course, seems unfair.

Photo: europe1.fr

I liked the system of “reporting” of the school to parents. Every semester, parents receive their child's report card by mail. It lists all subjects and grades on a twenty-point scale, rounded to the nearest hundredth, for example, 14.72. But the information that a parent can glean from the report card does not end there. It has columns that show the student's score in all subjects in previous semesters to gauge progress.

For each subject, the average mark for the class is indicated - you can quickly see what the child’s progress is compared to others

But that's not all. For each subject, the lowest mark in the class and the highest mark are indicated - this way you can even better see how good the child's progress is. For example, I see 14.72 in math - it may seem that this is lower than I would like. But, after reviewing all the columns, I understand that with such a score, she is among the best.

In the last column of the report card, each teacher writes his opinion about each child. For example: “The student is very good and motivated. Shows progress despite difficulties with the language, but attention should be paid to the handwriting and the design of the works. Or: "An excellent result, there are clear abilities that the student is systematically developing." In addition, it is indicated how many hours of classes the student missed, and how many of these hours are not supported by documents.

Photo: bfmtv.com

I do not know how good my daughter will be after graduating from this provincial college, but I see that she goes to it with great desire and pleasure and does not want to miss a day. And I think this attitude is worth a lot. Sometimes I even envy her, for example, when she tells how the lessons of geography, music and fine arts go, I immediately have a desire to enter these lessons as a student.

Back to Moscow school? Never!

I know that using threats is not pedagogical, but in moments of weakness, when my teenage daughter drives me to despair with her behavior, I sometimes threaten to send her back to a Moscow school. She begs me not to do this, because she doesn’t want to go back to where they “walk in formation”, they learn chants at the classroom hour, where the canteen smells sickeningly, and you need to manage to swallow tasteless food in 10 minutes. Where the cleaning lady can “shout for nothing”, and during breaks you can’t run and play ball, where students are herded into the assembly hall to listen to the speeches of an official or a priest who arrived in a Mercedes with security.

Portal for the student. Self-training