Download Soviet textbook
To study! To study! And learn again!
V.I.Lenin
Approved by the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR
© "
Penlightenment"
Moscow 1987
Format: PDF, File size: 5.35MB
Today you start your journey to a wonderful, extraordinary country - the Land of Knowledge! You will learn to read and write, for the first time you will write the most dear and close words for all of us: mother. Motherland, .
The school will help you become a literate and hardworking citizen of our great Motherland - the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
We congratulate you on the beginning of your studies and give you the first school book - Primer. Take care of him! It will open the door to the world of new, interesting books for you. From it you will learn how great and beautiful our Motherland is, how much the Soviet people do so that there will always be peace on the whole Earth! ..
Be diligent and hardworking.
Good luck, dear friend!
Download textbook USSR - Primer 1987
Cm. Textbook excerpt...
Pilots in flight - Those who are in the sky At work!
Those who are at the stoves - No hot work!
Tractor driver -
Glory in the field
And your job is at school.
Your work is also in sight.
Honest work!
Goats and wolf.
There lived a goat. She had seven children. She made herself a hut in the forest. Every day the goat went to the forest for food. She will leave herself, and tells the children to lock themselves tightly and tightly and not open the doors to anyone ...
When the dog approaches the swamp, the lapwing flies off the nest and lures the dog along with it. He runs in front of the dog itself. The dog rushes after him, wants to catch. And the lapwing leads the dog away from its nest.
Friendly guys, read and draw, play and sing, live happily.
Yura and Yulia play chess:
And I know another game!
Learned son.
The son came from the city to his father in the village. Father said: "Today mowing, take a rake and let's go, help me." And the son did not want to work, he says: “I studied the sciences, but I forgot all the peasant words. What is a rake? As soon as he went around the yard, he stepped on a rake. He grabbed his forehead and said: “And who threw the rake here?”
Let's play echo.
When you walked in the forest or in the evening to the river, you heard an echo. You screamed, and the echo answered you, and you heard only the end of the word.
Let's try to play this game.
The car is a tire.
Laughter is fur.
A scythe is a wasp.
The screen is a crane.
Deer is lazy.
Across the river here and there
Someone is walking through the bushes.
Echo, echo, is that you?
Echo answers: - You.
Where did you dine, sparrow?
Where did you dine, sparrow?
In the zoo with animals. I ate first
Behind the bars at the lion. Fed up with a fox.
I drank some water from the walrus. Ate a carrot from an elephant.
I ate millet with a crane.
Stayed with a rhinoceros
Bran ate a little.
I've been to a feast
Tailed kangaroos.
Was at a dinner party
At the furry bear.
A toothy crocodile
Nearly swallowed me.
The old man was planting apple trees.
He was told to:
Why do you need these apple trees? Long to wait for fruit from these apple trees, and you will not eat an apple from them.
The old man said:
I will not eat, others will eat, they will thank me.
One pours, another drinks, the third grows.
Grow up in summer, fall off in autumn.
December ends the year, winter begins.
Winter guests.
Fields, forests, parks, gardens were empty. Like fluff, the first snow flies, flutters. The finches left their native places.
They are cold and hungry.
Soon there will be winter guests - red-breasted bullfinches.
The children went up the mountain, took the sleigh, sat on them astride. The mountain was very slippery. The sled went very fast, hit other sleds and dumped all the guys.
A. S. Pushkin.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is a great Russian writer. The whole world knows the name of Pushkin, reads his works. A. S. Pushkin is the glory and pride of our Motherland.
Do you know from which Pushkin's fairy tale these lines are:
Squirrel sings songs
Yes, the nuts gnaw everything,
And nuts are not simple,
All shells are golden...
The wind is blowing on the sea
And the boat is urging;
He runs in waves
On inflated sails...
Publications in the Literature section
Primer in the service of educational program
On October 10, 1918, a decree “On the introduction of a new spelling” was signed, which excluded the letters Ѣ, Ѳ, I from the alphabet, canceled the spelling of Ъ at the end of words - and generally brought Russian spelling to the form in which we know it today. "Kultura.RF" tells about the main post-revolutionary primers of different years.
"ABC" by Vladimir Konashevich, 1918
Alphabet of Vladimir Konashevich (cover). Petersburg, publishing house of the Partnership R. Golike and A. Vilborg. 1918
Alphabet of Vladimir Konashevich. Petersburg, publishing house of the Partnership R. Golike and A. Vilborg. 1918
The illustrated "ABC" by the Soviet artist Vladimir Konashevich became one of the first manuals of the new spelling (without the letter "yat"). The idea for the book was born during the artist's correspondence with his family, stuck in the Urals, cut off from the Soviet Republic by Kolchak's army. “Dad wrote letters to mom, and sent me pictures for each letter of the alphabet- recalled Konashevich's daughter Olga Chaiko. - I was already four years old, and, obviously, he believed that it was time to already know the letters.. Later, on the advice of acquaintances, Konashevich decided to publish these drawings - and in 1918 the ABC was published. It included 36 watercolor pictures. The objects and phenomena in the "ABC" were very different, from animals and plants to vehicles and toys. They were depicted simply, without perspective distortions, since Vladimir Konashevich believed that "a child should understand the picture at first sight."
Vladimir Mayakovsky. Soviet alphabet (cover). Moscow, 1919
Vladimir Mayakovsky. Soviet alphabet. Moscow, 1919
“An intellectual does not like risk. / And red in moderation, like a radish "- and so on from "A" to "Z". This topical alphabet was published for the first time in 1919, and Vladimir Mayakovsky was the author of not only its epigrams, but also caricature illustrations for each of the letters of the alphabet.
The main audience of this primer was the Red Army soldiers, whom Mayakovsky wanted to accustom to the poetic language with the help of such a satirical publication. “There were such witticisms that were not very suitable for the salon, but which went very well for the trenches” he recalled. Mayakovsky personally colored about five thousand copies of the alphabet, printed in the empty Stroganov printing house, when the Central Printing Press refused to publish the book to the poet. Later, Mayakovsky transferred many of the couplets from the Soviet Alphabet to the iconic ROSTA Windows.
"Down with illiteracy", 1920
Dora Elkina. Down with illiteracy! (Primer for adults). Moscow, Out-of-school department of MONO, 1920
Dora Elkina. Down with illiteracy! (Primer for adults). Moscow, Out-of-school department of MONO, 1920
Under this title, in 1919-1920, the first editions of the Soviet primer for adults were published, developed by Dora Elkina and a team of co-authors. These manuals taught the basics of reading and writing on the basis of political slogans: for example, students had to read the phrases "Advice of the people's alarm", "We bring freedom to the world" and the famous palindrome "We are not slaves, slaves are not us" in syllables. Bright propaganda posters and scenes from the life of the proletariat served as illustrations of the first Soviet alphabets.
A few years later, the Down with Illiteracy society was created, the purpose of which was to eliminate mass illiteracy. His work was supervised by major statesmen: Mikhail Kalinin, Nadezhda Krupskaya, Anatoly Lunacharsky. Under the leadership of the society, not only textbooks were published, but also cultural and educational magazines, such as Kultpokhod and Let's Increase Literacy. According to historians, over the 13 years of its existence, the Down with Illiteracy society has trained about 5 million Soviet citizens.
Primer "Pioneer", 1925
Ivan Sverchkov. Pioneer. Children's primer (cover and title page). Leningrad, GIZ, 1925
Ivan Sverchkov. Pioneer. Children's primer. Leningrad, GIZ, 1925
The purpose of this manual was to teach schoolchildren not only the basics of literacy, but also the structure of the world around them and Soviet life. "Pioneer" told young readers about life in cities and villages, about various proletarian professions, about domestic and wild animals, about measuring length, weight and time with the help of illustrations in an engraving style. Of course, the ideological component was also strong in the book. One of the main images of the primer was the October Revolution and Vladimir Lenin: many poems of the primer were dedicated to them.
And childhood itself in the young Soviet country "Pioneer" was inextricably linked with the concept of "ours": gardens, schools, camps and even a revolution were portrayed in common.
"Primer" by Nikolai Golovin, 1937
Nikolay Golovin. Primer (cover). Moscow, Uchpedgiz, 1937
Nikolay Golovin. Primer. Moscow, Uchpedgiz, 1937
"Children were taught by the whole country / According to Golovin's primer", - they said in the Soviet Union, and not without exaggeration. Perhaps there was no school in the late 1930s - early 1940s where this textbook, compiled by the honored teacher of the RSFSR Nikolai Golovin, was not read. The material in the book ranged from simple to complex: from reading by syllables to writing, from short stories about ordinary children's activities to poems dedicated to Lenin and Stalin, with obvious political overtones.
A distinctive feature of the "Primer" were illustrations, to which the editorial board made special demands. The images were bright, positive, and simple, without being overloaded with details, and also had a very clear didactic and educative tone, showing readers patterns of correct behavior.
"Primer" by Alexandra Voskresenskaya, 1944
Alexandra Resurrection. Primer (cover). Moscow, Uchpedgiz, 1956
Alexandra Resurrection. Primer. Moscow, Uchpedgiz, 1956
The Primer, authored by the methodologist and teacher of the Russian language Alexandra Voskresenskaya, was one of the most successful textbooks for elementary school: it was reprinted twenty times. The secret of the primer's success was a successful combination of tasks for the development of memory, imagination and training in writing and reading skills. The material in the manual became more complicated smoothly and gradually: from a combination of sounds to syllables, from them to short words, small phrases, and so on. The main motive for the illustrations in the book was a measured and happy village life (initially, according to Voskresenskaya's "Primer", they studied in rural schools).
Alexandra Voskresenskaya also paid special attention to preparing for the education of preschoolers and created the famous “alphabet with a stork” for teaching children in the family.
"Primer" by Sergei Redozubov, 1945
Sergei Redozubov. Primer (cover). Moscow, Uchpedgiz, 1946
Sergei Redozubov. Primer (cover). Moscow, Uchpedgiz, 1956
Sergei Redozubov. Primer. Moscow, Uchpedgiz, 1950
The post-war primer was illustrated with scenes of peaceful work and leisure: young pioneers were portrayed for extracurricular reading, games, sports and cleaning. Describing these pictures and relying on auxiliary ones, students learned to come up with short stories for each lesson. Near the end of the Primer were poems and stories to read, including reworked Russian folk tales. True, the manual was difficult for children: it did not always respect the gradual complication of phrases and texts for parsing, and each page was overloaded with columns of words with the same or similar syllables.
Vseslav Goretsky. Primer. Moscow, publishing house "Enlightenment", 1993
Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences Vseslav Goretsky built his primer not according to the alphabet, but according to the frequency of the use of letters in speech and writing: they opened the book with “a” and “o”, and closed it with “b” and “b”. It was also the first primer that was released along with copybooks and didactic material.
A feature of the "Primer" was its game form. Travel to the "country of knowledge" together with the students was shared by popular characters: Pinocchio, Dunno and Murzilka, and the tasks were often funny riddles and rebuses. The book also contained many easy-to-remember poems, including those by Alexander Pushkin, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Korney Chukovsky, and Samuil Marshak.
Goretsky's Primer turned out to be so popular and loved by children that it continued to be published and republished for 30 years, even after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
I was sorting through old books and came across my old school primer from 1984. I skimmed through it and, frankly, I was stunned. This children's book, according to which children need to learn to read cheerfully and with pleasure, turned out to be so densely saturated with communist propaganda that it is even surprising how we, born in the USSR, managed to avoid the final and irreversible zombie.
The trash starts from the very first page. I quote: "Today you begin your journey to a wonderful, extraordinary country - the Land of Knowledge. You will learn to read and write, for the first time you will write the words dearest and closest to all of us: mother, Motherland, Lenin"
Further more. Lenin, the party, Great October, the USSR - the best country in the world, veterans, the Second World War, and - a rather persistent push for the idea of \u200b\u200bbecoming an astronaut. It seems that the USSR was planning a large-scale space expansion.
So do not be surprised at the amount of cotton wool in the brains of compatriots. Rather, one should be surprised that even with such grandiose and systematic efforts of state propaganda, normal people remained.
September 1st! How long have I been going to school, that I already miss it ... Just imagine, I graduated from school 25 years ago!!! I studied 9 classes (in fact, 8, we skipped one class there during the reforms), then there was a technical school, renamed the campaign as a college ... well, that's another story.But in this note, we will not talk about me, but about the era of the school 80s. Surprisingly, I have since left ABC and Primer.
Primer- mine (albeit without the front cover), and ABC- brother (the book is very well preserved).
I am very glad that I have preserved these copies, I am pleased to show them to today's children and compare them with books of the present. Well, in this report, I will show them to all of you and I think that it will be especially pleasant to look at them for those who studied in the 80s .., because not everyone has such books left.
1. Get to know, " Primer» edition of 1982, with which I went to first grade, and « ABC” edition of 1987, my brother attended the 1st grade with her.
2. Let's immediately look at the reverse side of the books, surprisingly, if the Primer cost 45 kopecks, then the ABC only 30 kopecks. It turns out that there was not inflation, but noticeable deflation! Or is it saving on design, as the fruit of "perestroika"? :-)
3. We open the book, here it is, the ABC ... are all the letters familiar? 😁
5. His image in school books was unobtrusive and pleasant, a real comrade.
6. Let's look through these books, as we studied then. First my Primer...
7. Stress, syllables, right there and road signs and instructions.
8. Working professions, and of course we do not forget what a beautiful country we live in.
9. At the end of the Primer - Leonid Ilyich.
10. Now the ABC: the books are similar in content, but slightly different in design.
11. We look at the pictures and remember our childhood...
12. On "X", of course, bread!
13. And of course about the dream .. as a teenager, I thought that humanity would soon fly to other planets! That's a worthy goal for Earthlings ;-)
14. This was not in my primer, in the ABC of my brother, at the end they taught the anthem!
Which country was destroyed... the current EU is a laughing matter for chickens.
The primer said goodbye with this poem:
You learn these letters.
There are more than three dozen of them
And for you they are the keys
To all good books.
Don't forget to take it on the road
Magic bunch of keys.
In any story you will find a way
You will enter any fairy tale.
Read books about animals
Plants and cars.
You will visit the seas
And on gray peaks.
Find an example of courage
In your favorite book.
You will see the whole USSR,
All the land from this tower.
You have wonderful lands
Will open the way from "A" to "Z"!
It is a pity that in the modern world, a number of Russian words are replaced by slang and anglicisms. And the benefit is that some continue to read not only chat rooms on the Internet.
