For parents with a small child, the issue of entering a kindergarten and receiving preschool education is relevant. In kindergarten, the child receives an initial basic level of knowledge, socializes and prepares for subsequent schooling.

There is a list of categories of institutions for preschool education:

• General educational institution;
• An institution for correcting the development of children with disabilities;
• Combined educational institution;
• Special Center for Enhanced Development;
• Kindergarten with supervision and improvement of the child.

It should be remembered that the number of places in such institutions is limited and you can send a child to the younger group from two months old, and to the first grade from 7 years old.

General provisions

There is no separate law on the admission of children to kindergarten, however, information about this area is framed in the Federal Law on Education. Federal Law 273 was adopted by the State Duma on December 21, 2012, and approved by the Federation Council on December 26, 2012. The last changes were made on December 29, 2017. Preschool education is framed in chapter number 7, article 64.

Read about federal law No. 152

According to article 64 of the described law, preschool education is only the initial stage in the development of the individual. During the training in preschool education, the cultural, personal, physical, aesthetic, moral and intellectual component of the personality is formed. Kindergarten teachers prepare minors for future education at school and other educational institutions, help to strengthen the child's health and develop it comprehensively.

Specially designed programs help to individually approach the education of each child, taking into account the peculiarities of his character, helping to form new qualities or change bad habits or traits. Pre-school education helps to prepare a minor to achieve the appropriate level of knowledge and skills so that at a certain age he can go to the first grade. For the development and support of children, this law has compiled a list of activities that are considered acceptable for classes in kindergartens. There are no tests, exams or tests in kindergartens and preschools.

The mother, father or other official representatives of a minor have the right to receive free help and support in the areas of education, diagnostics, psychology and pedagogy, as well as receive advice on education methods. Counseling is provided to parents only if counseling centers comply with the law exist in the kindergarten. The listed types of assistance are provided only by state employees. authorities of Russia.

For budgetary institutions of preschool education, the state allocates funds for the purchase of:

• Toys appropriate for the age of each garden group;
• Educational books, magazines and other printed objects;
• Furniture that meets legal and sanitary standards;
• Products, according to the state. organs of a diet that helps children receive all the elements necessary for growth and development, etc.

A minor is enrolled in a kindergarten free of charge, according to the laws of Russia, additional payments are not made at the expense of parents. A special contract is drawn up, drawn up and signed for enrolling a child in a kindergarten.

To enroll a child in a kindergarten, a parent needs to draw up an application and submit it at the place of residence to a special commission for the acquisition of general educational institutions. In the application, the representative of the minor prescribes the preferred educational institutions and the commission puts the child on the waiting list for a place. It should be remembered that the time for filing an application is limited to a certain period, which is formed every year by the state and published on the official websites of the Government.

According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, the baby can be given to the youngest group starting from 2 months, but doctors do not recommend doing this, since his immunity has not yet been strengthened. The recommendations of the doctors boil down to the fact that it would be best to send the child to the garden from the age of two. No organization has the right to refuse to provide parents with a place without special reasons, and there can be only one good reason - the lack of vacant places.

There is also an electronic queue that parents can use. According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to submit an application to the electronic queue no later than July.

The order of categories of citizens for admission to kindergartens using electronic queues has been determined:

• Children entering out of turn;
• The category of children who, according to the law, enter first in line;
• If the family changed their place of residence or a transfer was made from the place of work of one of the parents;
• The category of citizens whose children enter an institution at the place of residence;
• Optional.

When submitting an application to the electronic queue, electronic documents or scans of papers are required. On the official websites of the state services on the Internet contains information on how you can sign up for an electronic queue or check your own place in this queue.

Recent changes made to the law on kindergartens in the Russian Federation

The last changes to the information on preschool education of Federal Law No. 273 were made on December 29, 2015.

Changes have been made in article number 65, paragraph 5. According to these changes, if parents send their child to a preschool education institution, then they are entitled to appropriate support in the form of compensation. The amount of money is established by the legislation of the Russian Federation and resolutions of the Government of Russia. The payment should not exceed 20% of the total amount paid by parents for the care of a minor. The payment is also 50% of the amount if the family has a second child and 70% of the total amount of money if the third, etc. The average amount of payments for child care is set by the local executive authorities. authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The following are eligible to receive compensation:

• The mother or father of the child;
• Close relative by proxy from parents;
• Legal representative of a minor;
• An employee of the guardianship and guardianship authorities to whom the child is assigned (for spending on the needs of the baby).

Read the Federal Law on guardians in the latest edition

Employees of the authorities have the right to independently decide and calculate the criterion of need for the family. If the decision was positive, the authorities issued a document with information that the family needs funds, parents can come with a request for compensation to the center of local self-government.

Download the law on kindergartens in the new edition

There is no law providing for kindergarten, but the information needed for families is documented in the Federal Education Act. A separate chapter is devoted to this part, which describes in detail information about the methods and processes for enrolling a child in kindergarten. According to statistics, almost every family has one or two children, so the information is up-to-date and it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the text of the described law. To avoid conflict situations, which are now increasingly common, between parents and employees of educational and preschool institutions, it is recommended to adhere to the provisions of Federal Law 273.

Alexandra Minina
Preschool educational organization in the education system of the Russian Federation

Introduction

2. Main tasks

3. Views preschool organizations

Conclusion

Literature

Introduction

What is the relevance of the topic? In the 20th century, the most positive form for the child was formed preschool education which gave multilateral full education and development of children. Socio-economic changes in Russia have influenced large-scale changes in education in general and also in preschool. New stage in education system which, as we see it, is new. Return in a new look and modernized preschool education delivery system. In modernization education a mechanism for sustainable development is being created education systems, in accordance with the challenge of the 21st century, the social and economic needs of the country's development, the needs of the individual, society, and the state. This change also affected organizations, and content education. Now system is both multifunctional, oriented to the needs of society and represents a variety of educational services taking into account both age and individual developmental features. Content preschool education undergoes changes expressed in the abolition of educational and disciplinary education and is focused on humanity in the communication of the teacher and personality-oriented communication in relation to the child. Preschool education according to GEF includes a combination of regulation and variability, requirements and permits, classics and creativity. It is at this time in the development of the child that the most important and necessary for his future in life is laid. Therefore, it is very important not to miss this moment and give a basic complex educational resources in the required quantity and quality. Because how they spend the first seven years of their lives before the threshold of school depends on their ability to be successful and promising in the future, emotionally resistant to changes in living conditions and in our current socio-economic conditions. period of personal development, and preschool education considered an essential part of education and should be aimed at enriching development, and not at the speed of knowledge in large quantities. Children still have time to learn everything, and this is the main task. educational program of the Federal State Educational Standard, give children childhood and keep the joy of childhood. But education is not going anywhere., will be in a natural and not forced form, and this is interesting for both teachers and children. In an artificial and very monotonous education, there is no way to preserve and strengthen the physical and mental health of the child without ensuring normal hormonal development.

The purpose of the work is to understand and learn what is the system of preschool educational organization in the education of the Russian Federation what main tasks, goals and types of activity organizations are included in preschool education, and what is organizational activity.

1. Preschool educational organization in the education system of the Russian Federation

Education is:

1) Modern understanding education involves mastering the socially significant experience of mankind, embodied in knowledge, skills, creative activity and emotional and value attitude to the world;

2) continuous system successive levels of education, each of which has state, non-state, municipal educational institutions of various types;

3) the process and result of learning, expressed in volume system- matizirovannye knowledge, skills and abilities that the trainee has mastered, the degree of development of the individual's abilities and independent decision-making in various areas of life based on the use of the acquired knowledge.

First level, first step education is preschool education. It means education received by pupils in the network preschool educational institutions or under the guidance of parents who are the first teachers and are obliged to lay the foundations for the physical, moral and intellectual development of the child's personality in the process of his upbringing and education.

The child develops fully, provided that there are two components of his life - a full-fledged family and a kindergarten. The family gives the child intimate and personal relationships, forms a sense of protection, trust and emancipation in society and the world as a whole. But the family also needs the support that a kindergarten should provide - parents work and study, while they do not feel guilty that the child is abandoned, as they understand that the child at this time is in comfortable conditions, is always fed, and teachers work with him .

What does kindergarten give a child? The most important thing in kindergarten is the presence of a children's community, thanks to which the child receives social experience. It is under these conditions that the child learns himself and others in comparison with each other, attaches to himself the options for communication and interaction that are suitable for different situations. Children in preschool age are at the stage of development of physical and mental functions, primary spiritual values, intelligence, creativity, a wide range of interests, etc. are formed, and it is not correct to single out one or another priority line of development, as it violates the child's right to the development of versatility and integrity.

2. Main tasks organizations of preschool education.

New concept preschool education has identified the following key goals and tasks:

1. Protection and promotion of children's health (both physical and mental). The priority of this task is associated with the characteristics of the period of early childhood, the physiological immaturity and vulnerability of the child, his susceptibility to various diseases.

2. Humanization of goals and principles educational work with children. This task involves a reorientation from an educational and disciplinary to a personality-oriented model of interaction with children, which is aimed at developing the child's individuality, revealing his abilities, and fostering a sense of security and self-confidence.

3. Recognition of uniqueness preschool childhood as a priority and unique period in a person's life. Based on this, all work in kindergarten should be aimed not at preparing the child for school, but at providing conditions for a full-fledged "residence" children of this unique period. Caring for the emotional well-being of each child, the development of activities that are valuable for the child (primarily role-playing games, the development of creativity and imagination child - these are the most important tasks than giving children any specific knowledge.

4. Transition from the Zunov paradigm education towards the development of the child's abilities. All previous education system was aimed mainly at the transfer of knowledge, skills, skills (ZUN). task early childhood education is, first of all, the development of the main neoplasms preschool age - creative activity, independence, arbitrariness, self-awareness, etc. An indicator of effectiveness education in this regard, it should be considered "learning" children or the amount of knowledge they have acquired, and the level of mental development of each child.

5. Education of the foundations of the basis of personal culture, which includes an orientation towards universal values ​​(beauty, goodness, truth, means of life (ideas about reality, ways of actively interacting with the world, manifestation of an emotionally evaluative attitude to what is happening. Transfer of values ​​and means of an active attitude to peace can only be realized by taking into account the age of the children.

Today Russian preschool educational institutions in their activities are guided by the Model Regulation on, adopted in 1995. According to the Model Regulation, preschool institutions are called upon to solve complex tasks:

to protect the life and health of children;

ensure their intellectual, personal and physical development;

to attach to universal values;

Interact with the family for the full development of the child.

The set of corresponding tasks can be determined based on the form preschool.

3. Views preschool organizations.

preschool upbringing - step education, on which the foundation of the social personality is laid, and in recent years has passed a difficult path to a new transformation of the whole system. Contemporary education RF provides the following types preschool institutions:

1. Kindergarten;

2. Kindergarten with priority implementation of one or more areas of child development (intellectual, artistic and aesthetic, physical, etc.);

3. Kindergarten of a compensating type with the priority implementation of the qualification correction of deviations in the physical and mental development of pupils; kindergarten supervision and rehabilitation with priority implementation of sanitary-hygienic, preventive and health-improving measures and procedures; a kindergarten of a combined type (which may include general developmental, compensatory and recreational groups in various combinations);

4. Child Development Center - a kindergarten with the implementation of physical and mental development, correction and rehabilitation of all children.

Depending on the length of stay preschool organizations can be short stay (up to 5 hours a day, shortened day (8 - 10 hours a day, full day (12 hours a day, extended day) (14 hours a day) and round-the-clock stay of children.

Depending on the needs of the population, organized short stay groups, family preschool groups and other similar types preschool organizations of various organizational and legal forms, forms of ownership, including those created in the form of structural divisions of state and municipal preschool educational institutions, on objects preschool educational organizations, additional education and other premises that meet the requirements of sanitary regulations.

Length of stay for children preschool organizations(groups) determined by the possibility organize meals and daily dream:

Up to 3 - 4 hours without food and sleep arrangements;

Up to 5 hours without organization of sleep and organization single meal;

More than 5 hours - from organization daytime sleep and meals at intervals of 3-4 hours, depending on the age of the children. The interval between meals for children under 1 year old should be no more than 3 hours, from 1 year and older - no more than 4 hours.

Short stay groups can to be:

To prepare children 5-7 years old for school;

Supervising and caring for children from 1.5 to 5 years;

Inclusive parenting (organization working with children of special concern);

To provide services of psychological and pedagogical assistance and support;

For the provision of correctional speech therapy, didactic services, etc.

In groups of short stay, family preschool groups can be provided with babysitting, child care and (or) implementation educational activities.

The occupancy of groups depends on the age of the children and their state of health, which should not exceed the established sanitary rules.

4. Organization of activities of preschool education.

Standard preschool education different from the standard education, what to preschool education there are no strict requirements for the results of mastering the program.

GEF puts at the forefront an individual approach to the child and a game where self-worth is preserved preschool childhood and where nature itself is preserved preschooler. Leading children's activities will become: playful, communicative, motor, cognitive-research, productive, etc.

It should be noted that educational activities are carried out throughout the time the child is in preschool organization. it:

Joint (affiliate) activities of a teacher with children:

educational activities in regime moments;

Organized educational activities;

educational activities are carried out in various types of activities and cover structural units representing certain areas of development and children's education(educational areas) :

1. Social and communicative development;

2. Cognitive development;

3. Speech development;

4. Artistic and aesthetic development;

5. Physical development.

In young years (1 year - 3 years)- objective activity and games with composite dynamic toys; experimenting with materials and substances (sand, water, dough, etc., communication with an adult and joint games with peers under the guidance of an adult, self-service and actions with household items-tools (spoon, scoop, spatula, etc., perception of the meaning of music, fairy tales , poetry Looking at pictures, motor activity;

For kids preschool age(3 years - 8 years)- a number of activities, such as games, including a role-playing game. A game with rules and other types of games, communicative (communication and interaction with adults and peers, cognitive research (research of objects of the surrounding world and experimentation with them, as well as the perception of fiction and folklore, self-service and elementary household work (indoors and outdoors) , construction from different materials, including constructors, modules, paper, natural and other materials, pictorial(drawing, modeling, application, musical (perception and understanding of the meaning of musical works, singing, musical and rhythmic movements, playing children's musical instruments) and motor (mastery of basic movements) child's activities.

Organized educational activity is organization joint activities of the teacher with children:

with one child; with a subgroup of children; with a whole group of children.

The choice of the number of children depends from:

age and individual characteristics of children; type of activity (playing, cognitive - research, motor, productive) their interest in the activity; the complexity of the material;

But it must be remembered that every child should receive the same starting opportunities for schooling.

main feature educational organization activities in the preschool educational institution at the present stage is a departure from educational activities (classes, raising the status of the game, as the main activity of children preschool age; inclusion in the process of effective forms of work with children: ICT, project activities, gaming, problem-learning situations within the framework of integration educational areas.

So way, "occupation" how on purpose organized the form of educational activity in kindergarten is cancelled. The activity should be interesting for children, especially organized educator specific children's activities, implying their activity, business interaction and communication, the accumulation by children of certain information about the world around them, the formation of certain knowledge, skills and abilities. But the learning process remains. Teachers continue "study" with kids. However, it is important to understand the difference between "old" training and "new".

educational daily activities of children.

Apart from organized educational activities of the educator should be planned and educational activity in the mode days:

In the morning and evening hours

On a walk

During routine moments.

Goals educational activities in the mode days:

Health protection and the formation of the basis of a culture of health;

Formation in children of the foundations of the safety of their own life and the prerequisites for environmental consciousness (safety of the environment);

Mastering the initial ideas of a social nature and the inclusion of children in system social relations;

Formation of a positive attitude towards work in children.

Forms of holding educational activities in the mode days:

Outdoor games with rules (including folk games, game exercises, motor pauses, sports jogging, competitions and holidays, physical culture minutes;

Health-improving and tempering procedures, health-saving activities, thematic conversations and stories, computer presentations, creative and research projects, exercises to master cultural and hygienic skills;

Analysis of problematic situations, game situations on the formation of a safety culture, conversations, stories, practical exercises, walks along the ecological path;

Game situations, games with rules (didactic, creative role-playing, theatrical, constructive;

Experiences and experiments, shifts, work (within the framework of practice-oriented projects, collecting, modeling, dramatization games,

Conversations, speech situations, compiling storytelling, retelling, guessing riddles, learning nursery rhymes, poems, songs, situational conversations;

Listening to the performance of musical works, musical and rhythmic movements, musical games and improvisations,

Vernissages of children's creativity, exhibitions visual arts, workshops of children's creativity, etc.

Independent activity of children.

According to sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the content and organization of work in preschool organizations for independent activities of children 3-7 years old (games, preparation for educational activities, personal hygiene) in the daily routine should be given at least 3-4 hours.

But this does not mean that the child should be left to himself. For organizations independent activities of children, it is necessary to create a developing subject-spatial environment and care and supervision for each child.

The developing subject-spatial environment should to be:

1) The saturation of the environment should correspond to the age capabilities of the children and the content of the Program.

educational the space must be equipped with training and education facilities (including technical, appropriate materials, including consumable gaming, sports, recreational equipment, inventory (in accordance with the specifics of the Program).

Organization of educational space and variety of materials, equipment and inventory (in the building and on the site) must provide:

game, cognitive, research and creative activity of all pupils, experimentation with materials available to children (including sand and water) motor activity, including the development of large and fine motor skills, participation in outdoor games and competitions; emotional well-being of children in interaction with the object-spatial environment; opportunity for children to express themselves.

For infants and toddlers educational the space should provide the necessary and sufficient opportunities for movement, object and play activities with different materials.

2) The transformability of space implies the possibility of changes in the subject-spatial environment, depending on educational situation, including the changing interests and capabilities of children.

3) Polyfunctionality of materials suggests: possibility varied the use of various components of the subject environment, for example, children's furniture, mats, soft modules, screens, etc.; availability in Organizations or the Group of Polyfunctional (not having a rigidly fixed method of use) items, including natural materials, suitable for use in various types of children's activities (including as substitute items in a children's game).

4) Variability of the environment suggests: presence in Organizations or a group of different spaces (for play, construction, solitude, etc., as well as variety of materials, games, toys and equipment, providing free choice of children; periodic change of game material, the emergence of new items that stimulate the game, motor, cognitive and research activity of children.

5) Accessibility of the environment suggests:

accessibility for pupils, including children with disabilities and disabled children, of all premises where educational activities;

free access for children, including children with disabilities, to games, toys, materials, aids that provide all the main types of children's activities;

serviceability and safety of materials and equipment.

6) The security of the object-spatial environment implies the compliance of all its elements with the requirements for ensuring the reliability and safety of their use.

Conclusion

What we have, preschool education that is being transformed in the direction directed primarily to the comprehensive development of the child on the basis of special, specific activities inherent in preschoolers. That is, in practice we will get a more playful and versatile approach that welcomes the maximum use of innovative and active methods of pedagogical interaction, more individualized and aimed at revealing the own potential of each child. Dictating pedagogy will finally be completely eliminated, at least in the area of preschool education, and it will be replaced by a more modern pedagogy of development, the pedagogy of creativity and freedom. A new concept that influenced the formation of the Federal State Educational Standard preschool education, calls, first of all, to appreciate, and not to evaluate the child. In addition, this is a serious step towards increasing the value and isolation education in kindergartens as an independent link in the general education.

Russian preschool educational institutions in their activities are guided by the Model Regulations on preschool educational institution(1995, which regulates the activities of state, municipal educational institutions. It defines tasks preschool educational institution: protection of life and health of children; ensuring the intellectual, personal and physical development of the child; introducing children to universal values; interaction with the family to ensure the full development of the child.

The development of educational programs of preschool education is not accompanied by intermediate certification and final certification of pupils. The standard should normatively provide state guarantees of equal opportunities for each child in receiving preschool education.

The new law "On Education" spells out state guarantees for the "mandatory nature of preschool education." Clause 3. Article 5 of Chapter 1 interprets: “In the Russian Federation, public accessibility and free of charge in accordance with the federal state educational standards of preschool, primary general, basic general and secondary general education are guaranteed ...”, etc.

This is not an obligation for all children to go to kindergarten, but a guarantee of the state that it assumes obligations and officially fixes this in law - to provide everyone with a full-fledged preschool education. "The parent himself will decide where to send his child to him - in the kindergarten , family group, non-governmental institution or will be its

educate yourself. Preschool education can be carried out both in a preschool institution and in the form of family education. In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 64 of Chapter 1, “parents (legal representatives) of underage students who provide children with preschool education in the form of family education have the right to receive methodological, psychological and pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance free of charge, including in preschool educational organizations and general educational organizations, if they have established appropriate counseling centers. Ensuring the provision of such types of assistance is carried out by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

According to the new Law "On Education", preschool education is separated from supervision and care of children. Supervision and care of children can be carried out not only by educational organizations, but also by other organizations engaged in educational activities. Babysitting and childcare is a set of measures for catering and household services for children, ensuring their compliance with personal hygiene and daily routine.

Pre-school education is free, while child care and supervision becomes paid. The amount will depend on the founder of the kindergarten. At the same time, the founder has the right not to charge a fee or reduce its amount for certain categories of parents. For supervision and care of disabled children, orphans and children left without parental care, as well as for children with tuberculosis intoxication studying in state and municipal educational institutions, parental fees are not charged. At the same time, the norms for compensating part of the parental fee remain: at least 20% of the average parental fee for the first child, at least 50% for the second child, and at least 70% of the amount of such a fee for the third child and subsequent children.

The entry into force of the new Law caused the appearance of another regulatory document: in accordance with Part 2 of Article 13, the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation published the "Procedure for the organization and implementation of educational activities in general educational programs of preschool education." This normative act establishes the rules for the organization and implementation of educational activities both for preschool organizations and for other organizations implementing preschool education programs or caring for children.

So, dear colleagues, we are entering a new academic year with a new Law. I congratulate you on the beginning of the academic year and wish you creative, fruitful success in implementing the Law for the benefit of the younger generation!

www.maam.ru

Parent meeting "New Law" On Education ". Changes in the legislative framework of a preschool institution”

Parent meeting New law on education. Changes in the legislative framework of a preschool institution

From January 1, 2014, paragraphs 3 and 6 of part 1 of Article 8, as well as paragraph 1 of part 1 of Article 9 come into force.

Levels of education

preschool education

primary general education

basic general education

secondary general education

For the first time, pre-school education is recognized as an independent level of general education, which means that it must now work in accordance with the standard. (Article 10, part 4).

Federal state educational standards are approved for all levels of general education (Article 5, Part 3, including for preschool.

Education

Education and training in the interests of the individual, society and the state

(LAW ON EDUCATION, 1992, 1996)

A single purposeful process of education and training, which is a socially significant good and is carried out in the interests of a person, family, society and the state, as well as a set of acquired knowledge, skills, values, experience and competence of a certain volume and complexity for the purposes of intellectual, spiritual -moral, creative, physical and professional development of a person, satisfaction of his educational needs and interests.

(NEW LAW ON EDUCATION, 2013, CHAPTER 1, ART. 2)

1. The right of every person to education is guaranteed in the Russian Federation.

2. The right to education in the Russian Federation is guaranteed REGARDLESS of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property, social origin, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership in public associations (Chapter 1, Article 5, paragraphs 1, 2)

The new law "On Education" spells out state guarantees for the "mandatory nature of preschool education." Clause 3. Article 5 of Chapter 1 interprets: “In the Russian Federation, public accessibility and free of charge are guaranteed in accordance with the federal state educational standards of preschool, primary general, basic general and secondary general education ...”, etc.

This is not an obligation for all children to go to kindergarten, but a guarantee of the state that it assumes obligations and officially fixes this in law - to provide everyone with a full-fledged preschool education. "The parent himself will decide where to send his child to him - in the kindergarten , a family group, a non-governmental institution, or will educate him independently.

Preschool education can be carried out both in a preschool institution and in the form of family education.

In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 64 of Chapter 7, “parents (legal representatives) of minors who provide children with preschool education in the form of family education have the right to receive methodological, psychological-pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance free of charge, including in preschool educational organizations and general educational organizations, if they have established appropriate counseling centers. Ensuring the provision of such types of assistance is carried out by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

According to the new Law "On Education", preschool education is separated from supervision and care of children. Supervision and care of children can be carried out not only by educational organizations, but also by other organizations engaged in educational activities. Babysitting and childcare is a set of measures for catering and household services for children, ensuring their compliance with personal hygiene and daily routine. Pre-school education is free, while child care and supervision becomes paid. The amount will depend on the founder of the kindergarten. At the same time, the founder has the right not to charge a fee or reduce its amount for certain categories of parents. For supervision and care of disabled children, orphans and children left without parental care, as well as for children with tuberculosis intoxication studying in state and municipal educational institutions, parental fees are not charged. At the same time, the norms for compensating part of the parental fee remain: at least 20% of the average parental fee for the first child, at least 50% for the second child, at least 70% of the amount of such fee for the third child and subsequent children

Federal state educational standard

On August 28, 2013, the Council of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation on Federal State Standards approved the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education (FSES DO).

Why do we need a standard

This is a requirement of the Law on Education in the Russian Federation, which entered into force on September 1, 2013. For the first time, pre-school education is recognized as an independent level of general education, which means that it must now work in accordance with the standard. FGT imposed requirements on the structure and conditions for the implementation of the main educational program, the Federal State Educational Standards of DO also impose requirements on the results of mastering the main educational program, and this is a fundamental innovation. One of the requirements of the standard is to move away from the academic system. The child must master the ability to live in peace with himself, gain the skills of individual work and group interaction in the game, learn to learn. It is at preschool age that the basic personality traits are formed, key social skills - multiculturalism, respect for other people, adherence to democratic values, a healthy and safe lifestyle. Therefore, one of the most important tasks of preschool education is to initiate the formation of a child's self-identification in the world around him: with his family, region, country.

The standard has the following objectives

ensuring by the state of equal opportunities for each child in obtaining a quality preschool education;

Providing state guarantees of the level and quality of education based on the unity of mandatory requirements for the conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs, their structure and the results of their development;

Preservation of the unity of the educational space of the Russian Federation regarding the level of preschool education.

Based on the standards, the main educational program of preschool education of the PEP DO is being developed, which will determine the set of basic characteristics of preschool education (volume, content and planned results in the form of targets (and not ZUN or integrative qualities) of preschool education, organizational and pedagogical conditions of the pedagogical process. The program is approved organization independently (Article 12.6 of the Law "On Education in the Russian Federation").

Interaction between family and preschool institution

Parents have the primary responsibility for the upbringing and development of the child, whose best interests should be the parent's primary concern.

Convention on the Rights of the Child (Article 18)

“Parents (legal representatives) of underage students (pupils) have a preferential right to educate and educate children over all other persons. They are obliged to lay the foundations for the physical, moral and intellectual development of the child's personality.

(Article 44, part 1)

"Government and local authorities, educational organizations provide assistance to parents (legal upbringing of children, protection and strengthening of their physical and mental health, development of individual abilities and the necessary correction of violations of their development."

(Article 44, part 2)

For failure to fulfill or improper fulfillment of the duties of raising children, parents can be held liable for various types of legal liability:

Administrative (Article 5.35 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses (“Failure by parents or other legal representatives of minors to fulfill their obligations to support and educate minors”);

Civil Law (Articles 1073 - 1075 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation);

Family law (Article 69 "Deprivation of parental rights", Article 73 "Restriction of parental rights" of the Family Code of the Russian Federation);

Criminal (Article 156 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation "Failure to fulfill the obligations of raising a minor")

For non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of the obligations established by this Federal Law and other Federal Laws, parents (legal representatives) of underage students are liable under the legislation of the Russian Federation. (Law “On Education”, Chapter 4, Article 44)

Family is happiness, love and luck.

Family is summer trips to the country.

Family is a holiday, family dates,

Gifts, purchases, pleasant spending.

The birth of children, the first step, the first babble,

Dreams of good, excitement and awe,

Family is work, caring for each other,

Family is a lot of homework

Family is important!

Family is hard!

And it is impossible to live happily alone!

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Article 18 Preschool Education Law on Education of the Russian Federation (full text) (2015) . Relevant in 2015 | The law is simple!

1. Parents are the first teachers. They are obliged to lay the foundations for the physical, moral and intellectual development of the child's personality in early childhood.

Item 2 - Repealed.

(as amended by Federal Law No. 122-FZ of 22.08.2004)

3. For the upbringing of preschool children, the protection and strengthening of their physical and mental health, the development of individual abilities and the necessary correction of developmental disorders of these children, a network of preschool educational institutions operates to help the family.

4. Relations between a preschool educational institution and parents (legal representatives) are governed by an agreement between them, which cannot limit the rights of the parties established by law.

5. Local self-government bodies organize and coordinate methodological, diagnostic and advisory assistance to families raising children of preschool age at home.

Download Law on Education of the Russian Federation (full text) (2015) Relevant in 2015

Source www.zakonprost.ru

Law on preschool education

Since the beginning of the new academic year in 2013, the new Federal Law No. 273 “On Education in the Russian Federation” has come into force. First of all, the amendments affected preschoolers.

Now pre-school education as such is another niche in the entire education system along with school education and university education. The list of organizations that will be able to carry out the education of preschoolers is also being replenished, now these are not only state institutions or institutions of a municipal nature, organizations that are engaged in the treatment or prevention of a preschool child can also do this. Both legal entities and individual entrepreneurs can also engage in preschool education.

The new law abolished the norms that previously limited the amount of cash payment for the supervision and care of a child. Each founder of the organization independently sets the fee, may not set it, but you should not count on it. As they say, free cheese is only in a mousetrap.

The law also contains the following provisions:

Parents of a child who does not go to kindergarten can receive methodological, psychological, pedagogical and other assistance;

Payment for disabled children, children left without parental care and other socially unprotected layers;

They are not allowed to take additional funds for the maintenance of real estate of organizations, as well as the implementation of a general education program.

Most of the parents are frightened first of all by the fact that there is no set limit for the collection of fees by organizations for attending a preschool institution by a child. People are afraid of exorbitant maintenance prices, salaries do not grow as fast as payments. However, so far no discontent among the people has been identified.

Car repairs are expensive. This is especially true for the repair of Volkswagen cars. Installing a windshield on a Volkswagen can sometimes cost a lot of money.

But our company will install the windshield quickly and efficiently, and even at a low price.

From September 1, 2013, a new law on education in Russia comes into force Consultant Plus

Federal Law No. 273-FZ of December 29, 2012 "On Education in the Russian Federation"

The law determines the levels of general education (preschool education, primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education) and the levels of vocational education (secondary vocational education, higher education - bachelor's degree; higher education - specialist, master's degree; higher education - training of highly qualified personnel) . Another level of higher education is being introduced - the training of highly qualified personnel, which includes training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel, residency programs, and assistant-internship programs.

Along with the main educational programs in the field of education, there are also additional educational programs of various directions and degrees of complexity, formed taking into account the age characteristics, interests, abilities, level of education and professional qualifications of students.

The law expands the circle of entities entitled to conduct educational activities, including the legal possibilities for access of "non-educational" organizations to educational activities. In addition, the law has a separate article dedicated to the regulation of the legal status of individual entrepreneurs engaged in educational activities.

The law now also regulates the provision of scholarships to students of educational institutions of vocational education.

The Law highlights separate provisions on:

Credit-modular system of organization of the educational process and the system of credits;

Network interaction in the implementation of educational programs, including the mechanism for offsetting the results of mastering certain parts of the educational program in third-party organizations;

The use of distance learning technologies in the educational process;

Training in integrated educational programs;

Educational and information resources in the educational process, etc.

The conditions for conducting experimental and innovative activities in the field of education are regulated. In addition, models of economic activity in the field of education have been updated.

From the date of entry into force of the new Law, the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" and the Federal Law "On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education" are recognized as invalid. For certain provisions of the new Law, other terms for their entry into force have been established.

Simultaneously with the entry into force of the new Law, a number of by-laws adopted in accordance with it come into force. Among them, in particular:

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 15, 2013 N 706 "On approval of the Rules for the provision of paid educational services";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 24, 2013 N 370 "On approval of the Rules for payment for the services of experts and expert organizations and reimbursement of expenses incurred by them in connection with the accreditation examination";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 24, 2013 N 438 "On the State Information System" Register of Organizations Carrying out Educational Activities under State-Accredited Educational Programs ";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 10, 2013 N 582 "On approval of the Rules for posting on the official website of an educational organization in the information and telecommunication network "Internet" and updating information about an educational organization";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 20, 2013 N 611 "On approval of the Rules for confirming documents on education and (or) qualifications";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 25, 2013 N 627 "On approval of the requirements for the implementation of state control (supervision) in the field of education over the activities of educational organizations implementing educational programs containing information constituting a state secret";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 08.08.2013 N 678 "On approval of the nomenclature of positions of teaching staff of organizations engaged in educational activities, positions of heads of educational organizations";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated March 6, 2013 N 160 "On approval of the Procedure for the creation in educational organizations implementing educational programs of higher education, scientific organizations and other organizations engaged in scientific (research) activities, laboratories engaged in scientific (research) and ( or) scientific and technical activity";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated March 15, 2013 N 185 "On Approval of the Procedure for Applying to Students and Removing Disciplinary Measures from Students";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated April 18, 2013 N 292 "On Approval of the Procedure for Organization and Implementation of Educational Activities in Basic Vocational Training Programs";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated 06.06.2013 N 443 "On approval of the Procedure and cases of transition of persons studying in educational programs of secondary vocational and higher education from paid education to free education";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated June 13, 2013 N 455 "On approval of the Procedure and grounds for granting academic leave to students";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated June 14, 2013 N 462 "On approval of the procedure for conducting self-examination by an educational organization";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated June 14, 2013 N 464 "On approval of the procedure for organizing and implementing educational activities in educational programs of secondary vocational education", etc.

Date of publication on the site: 01/04/2013

Material from the site www.Consultant.ru

Other legal entities, as well as individual entrepreneurs, are also entitled to carry out educational activities, including educational programs for preschool education.

If parents give their child pre-school education in the family, then they have the right to receive methodological, psychological-pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance free of charge, including in pre-school educational organizations and general education organizations, if they have established appropriate counseling centers.

A preschool educational organization provides education, training, supervision, care and rehabilitation of children from the age of 2 months.

Law on Education: Features of Preschool Education Regulation | Articles | Directory of the head of the preschool institution

At the end of 2012, a new Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" was adopted, which will enter into force in September 2013. How does it differ from the current normative act? What's new in the regulation of preschool education?

The new law on education is quite different from the old one. The provisions of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" concerned mainly managerial and financial-economic relations in the field of education. The federal law "On Education in the Russian Federation" regulates not only these relations, but also the content of education (including establishing requirements for educational programs and standards), and also regulates in more detail the rights and responsibilities of participants in the educational process.

In accordance with the new law, education in the Russian Federation is divided into general education, vocational education, additional education and vocational training. At the same time, general education and vocational education are implemented at several levels. In particular, general education includes:

• preschool education;
• basic general education;
• secondary general education.

Thus, pre-school education is now one of the levels of general education. The development of educational programs of preschool education is regulated by federal state educational standards, but is not accompanied by intermediate certification and final certification of students.

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Article 64 Law on Education in the Russian Federation 2015 (New!). Preschool education

1. Preschool education is aimed at the formation of a general culture, the development of physical, intellectual, moral, aesthetic and personal qualities, the formation of the prerequisites for educational activities, the preservation and strengthening of the health of preschool children.

2. Educational programs of preschool education are aimed at the versatile development of preschool children, taking into account their age and individual characteristics, including the achievement by children of preschool age of the level of development necessary and sufficient for their successful mastering of educational programs of primary general education, based on an individual approach to children preschool age and activities specific to preschool children. The development of educational programs of preschool education is not accompanied by intermediate certification and final certification of students.

3. Parents (legal representatives) of minors who provide children with preschool education in the form of family education have the right to receive methodological, psychological and pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance free of charge, including in preschool educational organizations and general educational organizations, if appropriate counseling centers have been set up in them. Ensuring the provision of such types of assistance is carried out by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

NEW IN THE LAW ON EDUCATION

In the conceptual apparatus

A number of new concepts have been introduced:

an educational organization, an organization that provides training, organizations that carry out educational activities; relations in the field of education, participants in educational relations, participants in relations in the field of education; conflict of interests of a teacher; and others.

In preschool education

• Preschool education becomes an independent level of education and is regulated by federal state educational standards.
• It is separated from the "care and care" of children, i.e. teaching a child in kindergarten will be free, and you will have to pay for supervision and care. The fee is determined by the founder. In the kindergarten, they will now teach at the expense of the state, and feed - at the expense of the parents. For supervision and care, you can receive compensation from the budget. Its size is determined by the regions. And if someone wants a free education without additional markups - welcome to short stay groups.
• Low-income parents, by decision of the founders, may pay less or not pay at all. Disabled children, orphans and tuberculosis patients are exempted from the fee.
• Another innovation is the educational standard for preschoolers. It is not very clear why it was called the "standard" - in fact, it is more of a guideline. A sort of guiding star for parents. This standard is not for a child, but for a teacher and a parent, - It corrects the excesses that have developed in recent years - the replacement of a kindergarten with an elementary school. The task of the kindergarten is not to teach counting and reading, but to prepare the child so that he wants to learn and has opportunities for socialization. The new law prohibits the final assessment for the student. Simply put, if your two-year-old does not meet the standard, then there is no need to panic and hire a bunch of tutors. Maybe he's brilliant in another way. It is quite possible that the child is a defecation prodigy, and the new law will allow him to harmoniously develop his abilities.

In the field of general secondary education

The powers of regional state authorities and local self-government bodies to ensure guarantees of the rights of citizens to receive public and free preschool education are being redistributed. The closure of a rural school can only happen with the approval of the village assembly.

The names of types and types of educational organizations are changing. There is no mention of gymnasiums and lyceums in the law. The specialization of an educational institution may be indicated in its name.

The right of preferential entry into the first cash desks is given to those who live in the territory to which the school is attached.

In schools with in-depth study of any subjects, admission will be made individually in the middle and senior classes.

The features of education by foreigners and stateless persons, convicts are determined.

Individual study schedule. No, this does not mean that you can officially play truant and go to class a couple of times a month. Only possible if there is no other way.

The individual schedule is intended, first of all, for those who, due to circumstances, cannot regularly attend school, - For example, who are seriously involved in sports or music and go to competitions. Or those who have recently changed schools - courses already taken at the old school can be re-credited, for others come to additional classes. This option is also for those who have health problems and who cannot attend school regularly.

Separately, the right of the child to a quality inclusive education according to adapted programs is spelled out.

The concept of "safety of the school environment" has been introduced, which simplifies the presentation of claims against the school due to an accident with a student.

Learn more about disciplinary measures. Students will be subject to more stringent discipline and performance requirements, up to and including expulsion from school, incl. and in case of non-fulfillment by the student of the obligations for the conscientious development of the educational program and the implementation of the curriculum.

Here are the summer scandals with the exam did not teach anything. The law does not provide for any additional regulatory mechanisms. Of course, while working on it. But it seems that the 2014 issue will still be able to download the correct assignments and put the answers on the Internet.

The results of the exam will be valid for 4 years.

The law enshrined the principle of the secular nature of education in public schools and the practice of teaching ORSE. Religious organizations received the right to check the curriculum for compliance with the dogma, as well as to recommend their teachers to work in schools.

Separate articles are devoted to the status of a teacher and leader. The rights, duties and responsibilities of teachers are also regulated in more detail. As for teachers' remuneration, according to the law, it cannot be lower than the average salary in the respective region.

Course retraining teacher must take place every 3 years, and not every 5 years.

In secondary vocational education

Vocational schools offering initial vocational education programs will be closed.

Educational institutions received the right to introduce integrated educational programs and provide both school and vocational education.

It is allowed to select students for creative educational institutions according to their abilities immediately after they graduate from elementary school, and upon graduation, give them not only a certificate, but also a diploma of secondary vocational education.

In higher education

According to the new law on education, there should be at least 800 public sector students for every 10,000 people aged 17 to 30.

Privileges for entering a university are being reduced, and instead, certain categories of beneficiaries are given the opportunity to study free of charge at preparatory courses.

It will be possible to enter a university only according to the results of the Unified State Examination, with the exception of Moscow State University, St. Petersburg State University (as well as several other federal universities), where you will have to take additional exams.

Winners and prize-winners of Olympiads are entitled to enter the university without entrance examinations. For admission "on the budget" out of competition for children with disabilities, a quota is set - 10% of the total number of budget places in a particular direction (specialization), subject to the successful completion of entrance examinations.

Beneficiaries are also provided with priority accommodation in a student dormitory, and they are exempt from accommodation fees. For other students, the educational organization itself decides on the establishment of fees.

In military universities, the priority right to enter, other things being equal, is granted to "children of citizens undergoing military service under a contract and having a total duration of military service of twenty years or more."

The law obliges all universities to participate in the monitoring of the Ministry of Education and Science.

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For the first time, the law stipulates that pre-school education is the level of general education. This event is significant: it is preschool education that is especially important for the formation of the personality of the child, his future destiny.

A logical continuation of this decision is the adoption of federal state educational standards for preschool education. Pre-school education becomes the first level in the education system As for concerns about the rise in the cost of education, they remain relevant only for pre-school educational organizations.

The law does not guarantee a limit on the size of the parental supplement for maintenance in kindergarten, so theoretically (if the founder makes such a decision) this could lead to an increase in it. It is impossible to expel a child from a preschool educational organization due to the delay in payment by his parents (legal representatives) for supervision and care.

Conflict of interests of a teacher. There was no such concept in the education legislation before, although there was a conflict of interest as an objective reality.

This is a situation in which a teacher in the exercise of his professional activities has a personal interest in obtaining material benefits or other advantages and which affects or may affect the proper performance of professional duties by a teacher due to the contradiction between his personal interest and the interests of the student, parents (legal representatives ) minor students.2. Monitoring the effectiveness of universities is becoming an annual and mandatory for both public and private universities In the fall of 2012, the Ministry of Education and Science for the first time conducted a monitoring of higher education institutions.

541 state universities and 994 branches took part in it. As a result, about 30 universities and 262 branches were recognized as inefficient and in need of reorganization. 3. The results of the unified state exam (USE) will be valid for five years4.

The individual needs of students are taken into account The law gives priority to inclusive education, which involves the education of children with disabilities not in a specialized, but in a regular educational institution. However, they can still receive education in special institutions.

The legislator establishes the right of the student to an individual study schedule and to choose subjects according to the course. In line with the new

Preschool education for children: what to expect from the new standard

Many teachers believe that the knowledge and values ​​instilled in a child at preschool age will become the determining factors in the future fate of a person. Preschool education plays an important role in shaping the future personality. Perhaps it was for these reasons that when reforming the education system in the Russian Federation, the legislator paid special attention to the problems of preschool education. About how the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation" (hereinafter referred to as the law on education) showed itself over several months of its application, and what to expect from the federal state educational standard for preschool education1 (hereinafter - the standard of preschool education), which comes into force on January 1, 2014, we talked with the director of the Federal State Scientific Institution "Institute for Psychological and Pedagogical Problems of Childhood" of the Russian Academy of Education, Ph.D., professor, member of the working group on the development of a standard for preschool education Tatyana Volosovets.

Prior to the entry into force of the law on education, preschool education was first step general education. After September 1, 2013, pre-school education is level general education (art. 4 of the law on education). How do you evaluate this innovation?

T.V.: Very well. The Law on Education defined the new status of preschool education as level general education. Raising the status of preschool education is a very positive trend.

At the same time, it would be nice to raise the status of a preschool teacher, including equalizing the level of salaries in preschool education and at school. This work is already underway in the regions.

Everyone knows that in Russia the problem of queues in kindergartens is very acute. According to official data, places are currently waiting in groups of about half a million children. How can this problem be solved?

T.V.: This problem can be solved in two ways. The first is the construction of new kindergartens. This task was set in the May (2012) decrees of the President2, it is carried out by the regions of Russia.

For construction from the federal budget 59 billionrub. The second is the development of variable organizational forms of preschool education, and this method is precisely reflected in the standard of preschool education.

In paragraph 2, part 3 of Art. 44 of the Law on Education states that the parents (legal representatives) of underage students have the right to give their child pre-school education in the family. Who in this case controls the receipt of the specified education by the child?

T.V.: There is no answer to this question yet. The Ministry of Education and Science of Russia in the Action Plan to ensure the introduction of the federal state educational standard for preschool education plans to develop Methodological recommendations "Organization of obtaining methodological, psychological, pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance to parents of children receiving preschool education in the form of family education" in 2014.

Many criticize the standard of preschool education for the abundance of general norms (there is no clear regulation on how to develop children; what conditions should be for this; what is the maximum number of children allowed in a group). What is your opinion on this matter?

T.V.: The standard of preschool education focuses on the plurality of possible Exemplary basic educational programs of educational institutions with the recognition of differences in their psychological and pedagogical foundations, methods and forms of work, recognition of the variability of the conditions and results of the work of preschool educational institutions.

Everything related to education and development will be reflected in these programs. Conditions, including psychological and pedagogical, personnel, financial, material and technical, are reflected in the standard of preschool education. The maximum occupancy of groups, including in groups of compensating and combined orientation, is established in accordance with sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations.

Previously, the size of the parental fee (payment for childcare and care) in state educational institutions implementing the basic general educational program of preschool education was set at no more than 20% of the cost of maintaining a child (Article 52.1 of the Law of the Russian Federation dated July 10, 1992 No. 3266-1 "On education"). The law on education abolished the 20% limit for the specified fee and granted the right to the founders to set the limit themselves.

Thus, kindergarten fees for childcare services may increase for parents five times. What ways out of this situation do you see?

T.V.: There is only one way out - making appropriate changes to the law on education. I would like to return the wording of Art.

52.1 of the Law of the Russian Federation of July 10, 1992 No. 3266-1 "On Education", according to which the size of the parental fee (fee for childcare and care) in state educational institutions implementing the basic general educational program of preschool education was set at an amount of no more than 20% of child support costs.

Dmitry Livanov, Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation:

"The accessibility and quality of preschool education is one of the significant factors when young families make decisions that they are ready to become parents. And in fact, it is precisely preschool education that is the only one where we do not yet guarantee general accessibility to citizens. We need to definitely solve this task".

Obtaining preschool education in educational organizations can begin when children reach the age two months(Article 67 of the law on education). What activities will be carried out in relation to children of this age?

T.V.: Now the authors are finalizing the Exemplary Basic Educational Programs, which also reflect the system of working with children from two months to three years. Teachers and psychologists have accumulated extensive experience in the development and upbringing of children at this age.

Nursery groups existed in Soviet times, and they still function today. I don't see any problems in developing programs for infants and young children.

How is counseling centers for parents (legal representatives) of underage students being created in Russia to ensure that children receive preschool education in the form of family education?

T.V.: No way yet, although in paragraph 3 of Art. 64 of the Law on Education establishes the right of parents to use methodological, psychological-pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance in counseling centers. The Ministry of Education and Science of Russia in the Action Plan to ensure the introduction of the federal state educational standard for preschool education provides for the development of "Guidelines for the organization and functioning of counseling centers (organizational, economic, functional issues)" in 2014.

Education is one of the main and most problematic areas of public administration. This is especially true for the preschool sector. The norm regulating such activities in the Russian Federation is the Federal Law “On Education”273 dated 12/29/2012. In recent years, the law has undergone many changes, including amendments to the regulation of the preschool system.

General provisions

Article 64 of the Federal Law “On Education” states that preschool education should be aimed at creating conditions for the development of the cultural, physical, intellectual, moral, aesthetic and personal potential of any child, as well as strengthening and maintaining his health. The programs envisaged by law require taking into account the individual and age characteristics of children, the use of methods and forms typical for children of the preschool period.

For this form of education, no intermediate and final methods of monitoring progress and certification are provided. Legal representatives (parents) have the right to exercise for their child the so-called form of family education. Such an organization, subject to all the requirements established by the law on preschool education, has the right to free state support in the form of methodological, psychological, pedagogical, and advisory resources.

Fundamentals of moments in legislation

After the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" was adopted, preschool education became an independent level of the general system. This fact had a decisive influence on the concept, seriously influenced the organization of preschool education.

Innovations are designed to provide greater accessibility in obtaining the necessary services. Knowledge of the main features of the regulatory document that has come into force will allow many parents to correctly orient themselves, based on the current law on preschool education.

Changes in the Federal Law affect important issues:

• features of admission of children to kindergartens;
• the procedure for providing educational services;
• privileges;
• the mode of operation of preschool institutions;
• educational programs.

Kindergarten as the first step

Before most parents (even those who have recently had a baby or still have a baby in their arms), sooner or later the question of kindergarten arises. Preschool education, being the first stage of the general educational system, today does not have sufficient resources to provide all young citizens of the Russian Federation with their rightful place in a preschool institution.

The availability of preschool education for many families remains the main unresolved problem. The adopted federal law on preschool education regulates these issues to a certain extent and is designed to reduce the percentage of children who do not attend kindergarten. Whether it's good or bad - everyone decides for himself.

According to the new law on preschool education, every child, regardless of place of residence or registration in the Russian Federation, has the right to receive free preschool education. Currently, parents can enroll their baby in a nursery starting at 2 months old. The issue with nursery groups from 1.5 years on a paid basis is being resolved. A child must be taken to kindergarten when they reach the age of three. No educational institution has the right to refuse parents (legal representatives) in acceptance, subject to availability.

Amendments

The amendments to the federal law on preschool education (changes made in 2017) involve the regulation of a number of points in the system of preschool education:

1. Gradual decrease (by more than 1.5 times) in the number of permanent stay groups in the children's institution.
2. Giving the child the right to receive free education if the parents have chosen a group that operates only on an educational basis.
3. The emergence of specialized counseling centers, where parents and children receive psychological, pedagogical and advisory support.
4. Preschool institutions are given the right (not the obligation) to care for and look after the child within the walls of the institution, as well as to implement an educational function.
5. Compensation payments are foreseen for payment.
6. In the absence of places, the preschool institution retains the right to refuse to accept a child from one and a half to three years of age and older.
7. Legal representatives (parents) of a minor acquire the right to send an application for a place in another kindergarten, where there are opportunities for this.

Rules for registering a child in a preschool institution

First of all, it is necessary to send an application at the place of residence to a special department for the acquisition of preschool institutions. This form indicates the most suitable educational institution for the child. After that, representatives of the commission make an application to the database, and the minor is registered in the queue for a place in the specified garden. It should be borne in mind that the official administrative portal often indicates specific deadlines and the form for submitting an application.

Opportunities for electronic application to kindergarten

For the convenience of citizens when working with government agencies, there is a so-called electronic queue. This type of service can be used by the legal representative of the child. The deadlines for submission are also strictly specified on the portal.

For the implementation of the electronic application requires the availability of all necessary documents in electronic form. The rules and features of online registration are posted on the official pages of the Department of Education in special sections. Also here you can not only register, but also check your turn.

Conditions for preferential education in a preschool institution

Changes in the latest version of the law on preschool education relate to the provision of places in preschool institutions without a queue for certain categories of people.

• orphans, children left without parental care, foster children, adopted children;
• minors whose parents are victims of the liquidation of the Chernobyl accident;
• children with orphans (or left without care), whose age ranges from 18-23 years;
• children of representatives of the prosecutor's office, the investigative committee, law enforcement agencies;
• minors with disabled parents, single mothers, from large families;
• children of specialists working in preschool institutions, as well as those who have a brother or sister studying in this institution;
• minors whose parents are in the service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

What to do if there is no space in the garden

The latest version of the Law on Preschool Education of the Russian Federation contains amendments that give parents the right to write an additional application for transferring a child to another institution.

In the event that parents are denied admission without existing regulatory grounds specified in the Federal Law, they have the right to file a complaint with the city administration. The received appeal must be considered without fail, and a decision must be made within the time limits established by law.

If the application is refused or if the decision is not in favor of the child, the parents have the right to go to the prosecutor's office or other higher authorities in order to resolve such a situation.

State compensation for paying for a preschool institution

According to the amendments to art. 65, in paragraph 5, preschool education is divided into:

• education implemented within the framework of the Federal State Educational Standard, provided free of charge;
• babysitting services that parents must pay for.

By law, parents have the right to receive financial support from the state or compensation for paying for these services when registering a child in a kindergarten. The amount of payments is regulated by legislative acts and the decision of the Government of the Russian Federation.

For the first child, compensation cannot exceed 20%, 50% - for the second, 70% - for the third and subsequent. The fixed fee is regulated depending on market conditions for a particular period.

Persons entitled to receive state support are strictly defined by the framework of the current legislation. These include:

• parents of a minor (mother, father);
• relatives in whose name the power of attorney is issued by the parents;
• legal representatives of the child;
• specialists of guardianship and guardianship bodies assigned to pupils.

Exemption of parents from payment

On the basis of amendments to Article 65, paragraph 3 of the law on preschool education of the Russian Federation regulates benefits or complete exemption from fees for preschool education for a certain category of pupils. Which ones, will be discussed in the example below.

Thus, according to the laws of the Russian Federation on preschool education, fees in state institutions that implement preschool educational standards should not be charged for the supervision and care of pupils.

Such a measure applies to parents of disabled children, children with tuberculosis intoxication, minors left without parental care, orphans.

This decision is aimed at ensuring the rights and implementation of support for vulnerable and socially unprotected segments of the population, the solution of whose problems is given a special place at the state level.

Opportunities for the development of commercial gardens

Changes in the law on preschool education directly affect the formation of a system of private educational practice. These opportunities are guaranteed in the law by removing certain restrictive measures that regulate the right to provide services in the field of education.

An increase in the number of non-state institutions that are not under state care will, to some extent, reduce the queue for state institutions.

Ensuring the quality provision of educational services in accordance with the requirements and norms of the law on the education of preschool institutions, both from municipal institutions and from private kindergartens, will ensure that the needs of preschool children are met.

The implementation of the tasks set will allow many parents to be involved in social processes in society in a timely manner, to return to their previous place of work or to acquire new knowledge, to retrain for a more demanded specialty.

Amendments relating to financial security

From January 1, 2014, financial issues related to the costs of basic preschool educational programs were transferred to the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (as a system of school education).

Based on Art. 65, paragraph 4 of the Federal Law, for municipal state institutions there are a number of rules regarding financial security:

• It is prohibited to include in the parental contribution the expenses for the main educational program or for the maintenance and property needs of the institution.
• Payment for the provision of services aimed at looking after and caring for children should not exceed the maximum amount established in the framework of the regulatory acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and depends on the quality and characteristics of the service provided.

Commercial kindergartens that carry out basic preschool educational programs according to the Federal State Educational Standard are entitled to receive funding for their activities from the budget in the form of subsidies.

New version of the law

During the period from 2012 to 2018, the main educational document has undergone many transformations and, under the influence of critics, has been reformed more than once. These circumstances indicate how acute the problems of education are facing the state, including in the preschool sphere.

The latest version of the law on preschool education dated August 14, 2018, as succinctly and clearly formulates the solution of many previously uncovered issues. At the same time, guarantees are provided by the state to effectively change the education system as a whole.

In the updated version of the Federal Law "On Education" dated 01.01.2019, which has not yet entered into force, there are no changes regarding the basic laws of preschool education.

Education is one of the main and most problematic areas of public administration. This is especially true for the preschool sector. The norm regulating such activities in the Russian Federation is the Federal Law “On Education”273 dated 12/29/2012. In recent years, the law on preschool education has undergone many changes, including amendments to the regulation of the preschool system.

General provisions

Article 64 of the Federal Law “On Education” states that preschool education should be aimed at creating conditions for the development of the cultural, physical, intellectual, moral, aesthetic and personal potential of any child, as well as strengthening and maintaining his health. The programs envisaged by law require taking into account the individual and age characteristics of children, the use of methods and forms typical for children of the preschool period.

For this form of education, no intermediate and final methods of monitoring progress and certification are provided. Legal representatives (parents) have the right to exercise for their child the so-called form of family education. Such an organization, subject to all the requirements established by the law on preschool education, has the right to free state support in the form of methodological, psychological, pedagogical, and advisory resources.

Fundamentals of moments in legislation

After the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" was adopted, preschool education became an independent level of the general system. This fact had a decisive influence on the concept, seriously influenced the organization of preschool education.

Innovations are designed to provide greater accessibility in obtaining the necessary services. Knowledge of the main features of the regulatory document that has come into force will allow many parents to correctly orient themselves, based on the current law on preschool education.

Changes in the Federal Law affect important issues:

• features of admission of children to kindergartens;
• the procedure for providing educational services;
• privileges;
• the mode of operation of preschool institutions;
• educational programs.

Kindergarten as the first step

Before most parents (even those who have recently had a baby or still have a baby in their arms), sooner or later the question of kindergarten arises. Preschool education, being the first stage of the general educational system, today does not have sufficient resources to provide all young citizens of the Russian Federation with their rightful place in a preschool institution.

The availability of preschool education for many families remains the main unresolved problem. The adopted federal law on preschool education regulates these issues to a certain extent and is designed to reduce the percentage of children who do not attend kindergarten. Whether it's good or bad - everyone decides for himself.

According to the new law on preschool education, every child, regardless of place of residence or registration in the Russian Federation, has the right to receive free preschool education. Currently, parents can enroll their baby in a nursery starting at 2 months old. The issue with nursery groups from 1.5 years on a paid basis is being resolved. A child must be taken to kindergarten when they reach the age of three. No educational institution has the right to refuse parents (legal representatives) in acceptance, subject to availability.

Amendments

The amendments to the federal law on preschool education (changes made in 2017) involve the regulation of a number of points in the system of preschool education:

1. Gradual decrease (by more than 1.5 times) in the number of permanent stay groups in the children's institution.
2. Giving the child the right to receive free education if the parents have chosen a group that operates only on an educational basis.
3. The emergence of specialized counseling centers, where parents and children receive psychological, pedagogical and advisory support.
4. Preschool institutions are given the right (not the obligation) to care for and look after the child within the walls of the institution, as well as to implement an educational function.
5. Compensation payments are foreseen for payment.
6. In the absence of places, the preschool institution retains the right to refuse to accept a child from one and a half to three years of age and older.
7. Legal representatives (parents) of a minor acquire the right to send an application for a place in another kindergarten, where there are opportunities for this.

Rules for registering a child in a preschool institution

First of all, it is necessary to send an application at the place of residence to a special department for the acquisition of preschool institutions. This form indicates the most suitable educational institution for the child. After that, representatives of the commission make an application to the database, and the minor is registered in the queue for a place in the specified garden. It should be borne in mind that the official administrative portal often indicates specific deadlines and the form for submitting an application.

Opportunities for electronic application to kindergarten

For the convenience of citizens when working with government agencies, there is a so-called electronic queue. This type of service can be used by the legal representative of the child. The deadlines for submission are also strictly specified on the portal.

For the implementation of the electronic application requires the availability of all necessary documents in electronic form. The rules and features of online registration are posted on the official pages of the Department of Education in special sections. Also here you can not only register, but also check your turn.

Conditions for preferential education in a preschool institution

Changes in the latest version of the law on preschool education relate to the provision of places in preschool institutions without a queue for certain categories of people.

• orphans, children left without parental care, foster children, adopted children;
• minors whose parents are victims of the liquidation of the Chernobyl accident;
• children with orphans (or left without care), whose age ranges from 18-23 years;
• children of representatives of the prosecutor's office, the investigative committee, law enforcement agencies;
• minors with disabled parents, single mothers, from large families;
• children of specialists working in preschool institutions, as well as those who have a brother or sister studying in this institution;
• minors whose parents are in the service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

What to do if there is no space in the garden

The latest version of the Law on Preschool Education of the Russian Federation contains amendments that give parents the right to write an additional application for transferring a child to another institution.

In the event that parents are denied admission without existing regulatory grounds specified in the Federal Law, they have the right to file a complaint with the city administration. The received appeal must be considered without fail, and a decision must be made within the time limits established by law.

If the application is refused or if the decision is not in favor of the child, the parents have the right to go to the prosecutor's office or other higher authorities in order to resolve such a situation.

State compensation for paying for a preschool institution

According to the amendments to art. 65, in paragraph 5, preschool education is divided into:

• education implemented within the framework of the Federal State Educational Standard, provided free of charge;
• babysitting services that parents must pay for.

By law, parents have the right to receive financial support from the state or compensation for paying for these services when registering a child in a kindergarten. The amount of payments is regulated by legislative acts and the decision of the Government of the Russian Federation.

For the first child, compensation cannot exceed 20%, 50% for the second, 70% for the third and subsequent. The fixed fee is regulated depending on market conditions for a particular period.

Persons entitled to receive state support are strictly defined by the framework of the current legislation. These include:

• parents of a minor (mother, father);
• relatives in whose name the power of attorney is issued by the parents;
• legal representatives of the child;
• specialists of guardianship and guardianship bodies assigned to pupils.

Exemption of parents from payment

On the basis of amendments to Article 65, paragraph 3 of the law on preschool education of the Russian Federation regulates benefits or complete exemption from fees for preschool education for a certain category of pupils. Which ones, will be discussed in the example below.

Thus, according to the laws of the Russian Federation on preschool education, fees in state institutions that implement preschool educational standards should not be charged for the supervision and care of pupils.

Such a measure applies to parents of disabled children, children with tuberculosis intoxication, minors left without parental care, orphans.

This decision is aimed at ensuring the rights and implementation of support for vulnerable and socially unprotected segments of the population, the solution of whose problems is given a special place at the state level.

Opportunities for the development of commercial gardens

Changes in the law on preschool education directly affect the formation of a system of private educational practice. These opportunities are guaranteed in the law by removing certain restrictive measures that regulate the right to provide services in the field of education.

An increase in the number of non-state institutions that are not under state care will, to some extent, reduce the queue for state institutions.

Ensuring the quality provision of educational services in accordance with the requirements and norms of the law on the education of preschool institutions, both from municipal institutions and from private kindergartens, will ensure that the needs of preschool children are met.

The implementation of the tasks set will allow many parents to be involved in social processes in society in a timely manner, to return to their previous place of work or to acquire new knowledge, to retrain for a more demanded specialty.

Amendments relating to financial security

From January 1, 2014, financial issues related to the costs of basic preschool educational programs were transferred to the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (as a system of school education).

Based on Art. 65, paragraph 4 of the Federal Law, for municipal state institutions there are a number of rules regarding financial security:

• It is prohibited to include in the parental contribution the expenses for the main educational program or for the maintenance and property needs of the institution.
• Payment for the provision of services aimed at looking after and caring for children should not exceed the maximum amount established in the framework of the regulatory acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and depends on the quality and characteristics of the service provided.

Commercial kindergartens that carry out basic preschool educational programs according to the Federal State Educational Standard are entitled to receive funding for their activities from the budget in the form of subsidies.

New version of the law

During the period from 2012 to 2018, the main educational document has undergone many transformations and, under the influence of critics, has been reformed more than once. These circumstances indicate how acute the problems of education are facing the state, including in the preschool sphere.

The latest version of the law on preschool education dated August 14, 2018, as succinctly and clearly formulates the solution of many previously uncovered issues. At the same time, guarantees are provided by the state to effectively change the education system as a whole.

In the updated version of the Federal Law "On Education" dated 01.01.2019, which has not yet entered into force, there are no changes regarding the basic laws of preschool education.