The book, essentially a memoir, describes the first ten years of a child's life (1790s) spent in Ufa and the villages of the Orenburg province.
It all starts with incoherent but vivid memories of infancy and early childhood - a person remembers how he was taken away from his nurse, remembers a long illness from which he almost died - one sunny morning when he felt better, a strangely shaped bottle of rhein wine, pendants pine resin in a new wooden house, etc. The most common image is the road: travel was considered a medicine. (A detailed description of moving hundreds of miles - to visit relatives, to visit, etc. - takes up most of the "Children's years".) Seryozha recovers after he becomes especially ill on a long journey and his parents, forced to stop in the forest, spread he had a bed in the tall grass, where he lay for twelve hours, unable to move, and "suddenly woke up." After an illness, the child experiences "a feeling of pity for everything that suffers."
With every memory of Serezha, “the constant presence of the mother merges”, who went out and loved him, perhaps for this reason, more than her other children.
Sequential memories begin at the age of four. Serezha lives in Ufa with his parents and younger sister. The disease "brought to extreme susceptibility" the boy's nerves. According to the nanny's stories, he is afraid of the dead, the dark, and so on. (various fears will continue to torment him). He was taught to read so early that he does not even remember it; he had only one book, he knew it by heart and read it aloud to his sister every day; so that when neighbor S.I. Anichkov gave him Novikov's "Children's Reading for the Heart and Mind", the boy, carried away by books, was "just like a madman." He was especially impressed by articles explaining thunder, snow, insect metamorphoses, etc.
Mother, exhausted by Seryozha's illness, was afraid that she herself fell ill with consumption, her parents gathered in Orenburg to see a good doctor; the children were taken to Bagrovo, to their father's parents. The road amazed the child: crossing the Belaya, collected pebbles and fossils - "ores", large trees, spending the night in the field, and especially fishing on Dema, which immediately drove the boy crazy no less than reading, the fire obtained by flint, and the fire of the torch, springs, etc. Everything is curious, even “how the earth stuck to the wheels and then fell off them in thick layers.” The father rejoices in all this together with Seryozha, and his beloved mother, on the contrary, is indifferent and even squeamish.
The people met on the way are not only new, but also incomprehensible: the joy of the family Bagrov peasants who met their family in the village of Parashino is incomprehensible, the relations of the peasants with the "terrible" headman, etc., are incomprehensible; the child sees, among other things, the harvest in the heat, and this causes "an inexpressible feeling of compassion."
The boy does not like the patriarchal Bagrovo: the house is small and sad, the grandmother and aunt are dressed no better than the servants in Ufa, the grandfather is stern and scary (Seryozha witnessed one of his insane fits of anger; later, when the grandfather saw that the "sissy" loves not only mother, but also father, their relationship with their grandson suddenly and dramatically changed). Children of a proud daughter-in-law, who "disdained" Bagrov, are not loved. In Bagrovo, so inhospitable that they even fed the children badly, the brother and sister lived for more than a month. Seryozha amuses herself by frightening her sister with stories of unprecedented adventures and reading aloud to her and her beloved "uncle" Yevseich. Auntie gave the boy a "Dream Book" and some vaudeville, which strongly influenced his imagination.
After Bagrov, returning home had such an effect on the boy that he, again surrounded by common love, suddenly matured. Young brothers of the mother, military men, who graduated from the Moscow University noble boarding school, are visiting the house: Serezha learns from them what poetry is, one of the uncles draws and teaches this Serezha, which makes the boy seem like a “higher being”. S. I. Anichkov donates new books: "Anabasis" by Xenophon and "Children's Library" by Shishkov (which the author praises very much).
Uncles and their friend adjutant Volkov, playing, tease the boy, among other things, because he cannot write; Seryozha is seriously offended and one day he rushes to fight; he is punished and demanded that he ask for forgiveness, but the boy considers himself right; alone in a room, placed in a corner, he dreams and, finally, falls ill from excitement and fatigue. Adults are ashamed, and the matter ends with a general reconciliation.
At the request of Serezha, they begin to teach him to write, inviting a teacher from a public school. One day, apparently on someone's advice, Seryozha is sent there for a lesson: the rudeness of both the students and the teacher (who was so affectionate with him at home), the spanking of the guilty scares the child very much.
Serezha's father buys seven thousand acres of land with lakes and forests and calls it "Sergeevskaya wasteland", which the boy is very proud of. Parents are going to Sergeevka to treat their mother with Bashkir koumiss in the spring, when Belaya opens up. Seryozha can't think of anything else and watches with tension the ice drift and the flood of the river.
In Sergeevka, the house for gentlemen has not been completed, but even this amuses: “There are no windows and doors, but the fishing rods are ready.” Until the end of July, Seryozha, father and uncle Evseich are fishing on Lake Kiishki, which the boy considers his own; Serezha sees gun hunting for the first time and feels “some kind of greed, some unknown joy.” Summer is spoiled only by guests, though infrequent: outsiders, even peers, burden Seryozha.
After Sergeevka, Ufa "got sick of it." Seryozha is entertained only by the neighbor's new gift: Sumarokov's collected works and Kheraskov's poem "Rossiada", which he recites and tells his relatives various details invented by him about his favorite characters. The mother laughs, and the father worries: “Where does all this come from? Don't be a liar." News comes about the death of Catherine II, the people swear allegiance to Pavel Petrovich; the child listens attentively to the conversations of worried adults, which are not always clear to him.
The news comes that the grandfather is dying, and the family immediately gathers in Bagrovo. Seryozha is afraid to see his grandfather dying, he is afraid that his mother will fall ill from all this, that in winter they will freeze on the way. On the road, the boy is tormented by sad forebodings, and the belief in forebodings takes root in him from now on for life.
Grandfather dies a day after the arrival of relatives, the children have time to say goodbye to him; “all feelings” of Seryozha are “suppressed by fear”; He is especially struck by the explanations of the nanny Parasha, why the grandfather does not cry and does not scream: he is paralyzed, "looks with all his eyes and only moves his lips." “I felt the whole infinity of torment, which cannot be told to others.”
The behavior of the Bagrovskaya relatives unpleasantly surprises the boy: four aunts howl, falling at the feet of their brother - “the real master in the house”, the grandmother expressly yields to the power of the mother, and this is disgusting to the mother. Everyone at the table, except Mother, weeps and eats with great appetite. And then, after dinner, in the corner room, looking at the non-freezing Buguruslan, the boy for the first time understands the beauty of winter nature.
Returning to Ufa, the boy again experiences a shock: giving birth to another son, his mother almost dies.
Becoming the owner of Bagrov after the death of his grandfather, Serezha's father retires, and the family moves to Bagrovo for permanent residence. Rural work (threshing, mowing, etc.) is very busy with Seryozha; he does not understand why his mother and little sister are indifferent to this. The kind boy tries to feel sorry for and comfort his grandmother, who quickly became decrepit after the death of her husband, whom he had, in fact, not known before; but her habit of beating the servants, very common in landlord life, quickly turns her grandson away from her.
Seryozha's parents are invited to visit by Praskovya Kurolesov; Seryozha's father is considered her heir and therefore does not contradict this smart and kind, but domineering and rude woman in anything. The rich, albeit somewhat clumsy house of the widow Kurolesova at first seems to the child a palace from the fairy tales of Scheherazade. Having made friends with Serezha's mother, the widow for a long time does not agree to let her family go back to Bagrovo; meanwhile, the bustling life in a strange house, always filled with guests, tires Seryozha, and he impatiently thinks of Bagrov, who is already dear to him.
Returning to Bagrovo, Serezha truly sees spring for the first time in his life in the village: “I […] followed every step of spring. In every room, almost in every window, I noticed special objects or places on which I made my observations ... ”Insomnia begins in the boy from excitement; so that he falls asleep better, the housekeeper Pelageya tells him fairy tales, and among other things - “The Scarlet Flower” (this tale is placed in the appendix to “Childhood ...”).
In autumn, at the request of Kurolesova, the Bagrovs visit Churasovo. Serezha's father promised his grandmother to return to Pokrov; Kurolesova does not let the guests go; On the night of the Intercession, the father has a terrible dream and in the morning receives news of his grandmother's illness. The autumn road back is hard; crossing the Volga near Simbirsk, the family almost drowned. Grandmother died on the very Pokrov; this terribly strikes both Serezha's father and the capricious Kurolesova.
The following winter, the Bagrovs are going to Kazan, to pray to the miracle workers there: not only Seryozha, but also his mother has never been there. In Kazan, they plan to spend no more than two weeks, but everything turns out differently: Seryozha is waiting for the “beginning of the most important event” in his life (Aksakov will be sent to the gymnasium). Here the childhood of Bagrov-grandson ends and adolescence begins.
In 1858, Aksakov created "Childhood of Bagrov-grandson". A summary of the work of interest to us precedes the story about its features.
This is the 2nd part of the autobiographical trilogy of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov. The story "Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson", a summary of which we will outline below, introduces us to the first ten years of the child's life, spent by him in the villages of the Orenburg region and in Ufa (1790s). The author of the work reproduces the perception of the child. Everything was equally important and new for the boy from the story "Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson". A brief summary is therefore not so easy to compose. It is difficult to divide events into more and less significant ones, and the plot is practically absent in the work. However, we will try to highlight the main points of the story "Childhood of Bagrov-grandson". The summary below will give you an idea of the most important events that influenced the formation of the boy's personality.
Memories of infancy
The story begins with vivid, incoherent memories of infancy. The child remembers how he was taken away from the nurse, as well as a long illness from which the boy almost died, a bottle of rhine wine of a strange shape, etc. The road is the most frequent image in the work "Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson". We will briefly describe the summary of each chapter. Note that most of the work is occupied by the description of crossings.
Seryozha (that was the name of the boy) is recovering after he became very ill on a long journey and his parents, who were forced to stop in the forest, laid him on a bed in tall grass. Here the boy lay for 12 hours, and then "as if he woke up." A child after an illness feels pity for all who suffer. The presence of his mother merges with the boy's memories. She managed to get him out. She loved him, perhaps that's why, more than other children.
The appearance of a passion for reading in the hero of the story "Childhood of Bagrov-grandson"
The summary of the chapters continues with a description of successive memories. They begin at Serezha from the age of four. A separate chapter is devoted to them. It is called just that - "Consecutive Memories", and is preceded by "Fragmentary Memories" (Chapter Three). The boy and his younger sister in Ufa. His nerves are brought by illness "to the point of extreme susceptibility." He listens to the nanny's stories and starts the dead and so on. (Various fears will continue to torment him). He was taught to read so early that Seryozha does not even remember when. He had only one book, and the boy knew it by heart. Serezha read this book every day to his sister. Therefore, when S.I. Anichkov (a neighbor) presented the boy with "Children's Reading for the Heart and Mind", he was so carried away by books that he was "like a madman."
New impressions
The mother was afraid that she fell ill with consumption, exhausted by her son's illness. Her father decided to go with her to a good doctor in Orenburg. They took the children to their father's parents, in Bagrovo. The road amazed the boy: crossing the river, large trees, fossils and pebbles, spending the night in the field, fishing, which he loved as much as books. He was all curious. Father, along with Seryozha, rejoiced at all this, and mother was indifferent and even somewhat squeamish.
The people we met along the way are new and incomprehensible. A boy, for example, cannot understand the relationship of the peasants with the headman. He sees the harvest in the heat, which causes a feeling of compassion in his soul.
Life in Bagrovo
The chapter "Bagrovo" is devoted to the life of grandparents. Serezha does not like the patriarchal way of life. The house is sad and small, its inhabitants are no better dressed than the servants of their parents in Ufa. Terrible and stern grandfather. Seryozha witnessed one of his fits of anger. Somewhat later, when the grandfather realized that the boy loved his father, and not just his mother, his attitude towards Seryozha changed dramatically. In Bagrov, they do not like the children of a proud daughter-in-law, who "disdained" her relatives. The guys lived here for more than a month. Bagrov was so inhospitable that his brother and sister were even poorly fed. Seryozha amused himself by frightening his sister with stories of unprecedented adventures. He read aloud to her and to "uncle" Evseich. Some kind of vaudeville and "Dream Interpretation", which the aunt gave the boy, strongly influenced his imagination.
Getting to know uncles
Then he suddenly grew up. The parents' house is visited by young mother's brothers (chapter "Winter in Ufa"). These are the military who graduated from the noble university boarding school in Moscow. From them the boy learns what poetry is. Serezha is taught to draw by one of his uncles, which makes him seem like a "higher being" to the child. A neighbor gives him new books: "Children's Library" written by Shishkov, and "Anabasis" by Xenophon.
Uncles and Volkov, their adjutant and friend, jokingly tease the boy, including because Seryozha cannot write. The child is seriously offended. Once he even throws himself into a fight. Serezha is punished and demanded to ask for forgiveness. The boy does not want to do this - he believes that he is right. Serezha stands in the corner and dreams. In the end, from fatigue and excitement, the child falls ill. Adults are ashamed. This matter ends with a general reconciliation.
Learning to write
At his request, the boy is taught to write. For this, teachers are invited from the public school. One day, probably on the advice of someone, he is sent there for a lesson. The rudeness of the teacher (and he was so affectionate with him at home) and the students, the flogging of the guilty ones greatly frighten Seryozha.
Sergeevskaya wasteland
The protagonist's father buys 7,000 acres of land with forests and lakes. He gives them the name "Sergeevskaya wasteland". The boy is very proud of it. Parents go to Sergeevka so that the mother can be cured with Bashkir koumiss in the spring. Serezha is watching the flood of the river and the ice drift with tension.
The house for gentlemen in Sergeevka has not been completed, but even this is amusing. Seryozha, together with Evseich and his father, is fishing on the lake until the end of July. Kiishki. The boy observes a gun hunt for the first time and feels "some kind of greed", "an unknown joy".
Only guests spoil the summer. True, they are rare. Seryozha is burdened by strangers, even peers.
Return to Ufa
Ufa boy "sick" after Sergeevka. He is entertained only by new books donated by a neighbor. The boy recites Kheraskov's poem "Rossiada". He tells the details he invented about her characters. The news comes that Catherine II has died. The people swear allegiance to Tsar Pavel Petrovich. Seryozha listens attentively to the conversations of worried adults, which, however, are not always understandable to him.
grandfather's death
The news comes that the grandfather is dying. The family goes to Bagrovo. The boy is afraid to look at his dying grandfather. He thinks that his mother might get sick from all this, that they will freeze in the winter on the way. Seryozha on the road is haunted by sad forebodings, and since then, faith in them has taken root in him forever.
The summary of the story "Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson" continues with the fact that a day after the arrival of his relatives, the grandfather dies. The children manage to say goodbye to him. Serezha is afraid, and this suppresses all his feelings. In particular, he is struck by the explanations of Parasha (the nanny), who says that the grandfather does not scream and does not cry because he is paralyzed. He looks into all eyes and only moves his lips. The boy feels the infinity of torment.
The child is unpleasantly surprised by the behavior of Bagrovskaya relatives. Falling down at his brother's feet, 4 aunts howl. The grandmother emphatically concedes power to the mother, and the latter is unpleasant. Everyone at the table eats with gusto and weeps. After dinner, the boy looks at Buguruslan and for the first time realizes the beauty of winter nature.
Mother's birth and communication with grandmother
Serezha, having returned to Ufa, is again shocked. Mother, giving birth to a son, almost dies. Having become the owner of Bagrov after the death of his father, his father retires. The whole family moves to permanent residence in the village. Seryozha is very interested in rural work (mowing, threshing, etc.).
He does not understand why the little sister and mother are indifferent to this. The boy tries to console and feel sorry for his grandmother, who quickly became decrepit after his grandfather died. In fact, he didn't know her before. However, this woman's habit of beating the serfs, which is very familiar in landlord life, quickly turns her grandson away from her.
Visiting Praskovya Kurolesova
Praskovya Kurolesova invites Seryozha's parents to visit. The protagonist's father is considered her heir. Because of this, he does not dare to argue with this kind and intelligent, but rude and domineering woman. The house of the widow Kurolesova, rich, although a bit lurid, at first seems to Seryozha a palace, which is described in the fairy tales of Scheherazade. Praskovya, having made friends with the boy's mother, does not want to let the family go to Bagrovo for a long time. And the hectic life in this house, always filled with guests, tires Seryozha. He thinks impatiently about returning to Bagrovo, which is already dear to him.
Returning here, the boy truly sees spring for the first time in his life. From excitement, he starts insomnia. The housekeeper Pelageya, in order for Serezha to fall asleep better, tells him fairy tales, including (it is placed in the appendix to the story).
Grandma's death
At the request of Kurolesova, the Bagrovs spend autumn in Churasovo. The boy's father promised his grandmother to return to Pokrov. However, Praskovya does not want to let the guests go. Father on the night of the Intercession sees a terrible dream. And the next morning, the news comes that the grandmother is ill. The autumn road is hard. While crossing the Volga near Simbirsk, the family nearly drowned. In the very Pokrov, my grandmother died. This is very striking for both the capricious Kurolesova and Serezha's father.
Final events
Let us describe the final events of the story "Childhood of Bagrov-grandson". Their summary is as follows. The Bagrovs gather in Kazan in winter to pray to the miracle workers. Not only Seryozha, but also the boy's mother has never been to this city. It is planned to spend no more than 2 weeks in Kazan. However, everything turns out differently: the boy is waiting for the beginning of a very important event - he will be sent to the gymnasium. This is where Seryozha's childhood ends and adolescence begins. Aksakov also completes his work ("Childhood of Bagrov-grandson"). A brief summary of the next part of the trilogy ("Memories") is not included in our task.
Note that the work of interest to us is very popular. It is part of the school literature curriculum. Therefore, the description of the work "Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson" (summary) is very relevant today. 4th grade of school is the time when we first get to know him. However, many are interested in this work after school. In order to recall its plot, we have created this article. It can also be useful at the first acquaintance with the story - the events of the work "Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson" are consistently and in some detail described. A very brief content is unlikely to be useful to those who decide to discover this creation of Aksakov. And it is best to read the story in the original. The summary of the work "Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson" gives only a superficial idea of \u200b\u200bit.
Current page: 3 (total book has 13 pages) [accessible reading excerpt: 9 pages]
Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov (1791–1859)
Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov was born into an old noble family. He spent his childhood in Ufa and in the family estate of Novo-Aksakovo, Orenburg province. He studied in Kazan, first at the gymnasium, then at the university. Aksakov lived in St. Petersburg, Moscow and in the Abramtsevo estate near Moscow (now there is a literary and art museum). He served in the Commission for drafting laws and the Moscow Censorship Committee.
Aksakov will remain in the memory of his descendants as a translator, theater and literary critic, and, above all, an original writer.
In 1834, the essay "Buran" was published, which is considered a forerunner of Aksakov's autobiographical prose. Then, “Notes on catching fish”, “Notes of a rifle hunter of the Orenburg province” and “Stories and memories of a hunter about different hunts” were created. Thus, a kind of “hunting” trilogy was created, in which the writer combined “sensible hunting notes and observations, picturesque pictures of nature, interesting anecdotes and poetry,” as N. A. Nekrasov noted.
The main place in the work of S. T. Aksakov is occupied by autobiographical works - “Family Chronicle” and “Childhood of Bagrov-grandson”.
(S. T. Aksakov)
At the first opportunity, I began to read Arabic tales, which for a long time captured my ardent imagination. I liked all the fairy tales; I didn't know which one to give priority to! They aroused my childish curiosity, amazed me with the unexpectedness of outlandish adventures, ignited my own fantasies. Geniuses, imprisoned now in a well, now in an earthen vessel, people turned into animals, enchanted fish, a black dog, which the beautiful Zobeida flogs and then hugs and kisses with tears ... how many mysterious miracles, while reading which the spirit was busy in the chest! With what greed, with what insatiable curiosity I read these fairy tales, and at the same time I knew that it was all fiction, a real fairy tale, that this did not exist in the world and could not exist. Where is the secret of such charm? I think that it consists in a passion for the miraculous, which is more or less innate in all children and which in me was exceptionally unbridled by reason. Not only did I myself read, as usual, with enthusiasm and enthusiasm, - I later told my sister and aunt what I read with such ardent animation and, one might say, self-forgetfulness, that, without noticing it myself, I supplemented Scheherazade's stories with many details of his invention and He talked about everything I had read, as if he himself had been there and seen everything himself. Having aroused the attention and curiosity of my listeners and satisfied their desires, I began to reread the Arabian tales aloud to them - and the additions of my own fantasy were noticed and discovered by my aunt and confirmed by my sister. Auntie often stopped me, saying: “But how is it that you didn’t tell us? so you made it all up yourself? Look what a braggart you are! you can't be trusted." – This verdict puzzled me a lot and made me think. I was then a very truthful boy and could not stand lies; and here I myself saw that I had definitely lied a lot on Scheherazade. I myself was surprised not to find in the book what I thought I had read in it and which was completely fixed in my head. I became more careful and watched myself until I got excited; in vehemence, I forgot everything, and my ardent imagination entered into its boundless rights.
Questions and tasks
1. Why did Seryozha like all the tales of the Thousand and One Nights?
2. What "mysterious wonders" attracted him most? Name some of them.
1. How did Seryozha retell these tales to his relatives? What did he especially emphasize in his retellings?
2. How do you explain why Seryozha, "without noticing it, supplemented Scheherazade's stories with many details of his invention"?
3. Seryozha "talked about everything ... just as if he himself had been there and seen everything himself." Do you ever feel like this when retelling an interesting book?
Every writer, of course, is an active reader. It also happens that we learn about the reading of the writer when we get acquainted with his diaries. So Leo Tolstoy, recalling his childhood reading, compiled lists of works that had the greatest influence on him. The first list concerns the age of up to 14 years.
S. T. Aksakov, as you now know, talks about his childhood reading in his autobiographical work “Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson”. But we often meet with literary heroes-readers in books about fictional characters. You probably have no doubt that Tom Sawyer read many books that helped his wild imagination, and that Anya got into Wonderland primarily because she was an enthusiastic reader.
Remembering the literary heroes-readers, you notice in them the ability that Seryozha Bagrov described with such surprise - he sought to supplement the author's stories with "many details of his invention." His aunt and sister were very ashamed of him for this and called him a braggart, and Seryozha himself was surprised by this circumstance, knowing for sure that "there was a very truthful boy then and could not stand lies." But even careful observation of himself did not help him. He writes about this state: “I became more careful and watched myself until I got excited; in vehemence, I forgot everything, and my ardent imagination entered into its boundless rights. So we find out what kind of reader the literary hero was. Watching literary characters read will help hone your own reading skills.
Questions and tasks
1. Remember the Rules for the Reader. How do they help you organize your own reading?
2. Name such literary characters that you would like to imitate in your reading.
1. Describe Serezha Bagrov as a reader.
1. Tell us about your idea of an ideal reader.
2. Do you think the ability to add your own fiction to what you read in the book is a virtue or a disadvantage of the reader?
(S. T. Aksakov)
Not a cloud in the foggy whitish sky, not the slightest wind on the snowy plains. The red but vague sun turned from a low noon to a near sunset. The cruel Epiphany frost bound nature, squeezed, burned, burned all living things. But man settles with the fury of the elements; Russian peasant is not afraid of frost.
A small wagon train dragged along a narrow country lane, like a peasant sleigh, or, better to say, a trail that seemed to have recently been laid across boundless snowy deserts. The runners creaked and screeched piercingly, disgustingly for an unaccustomed ear. Dressed in tanned sheepskin coats, sheepskin coats and gray cloth zipuns, stuffed with Bashkir deaf malakhais, the peasants merrily ran after their carts. Fuzzy with hoarfrost, frosted over with ice icicles, barely opening their mouths, from which white smoke flew out like from a cannon when fired, and did not quickly disperse - they joked, jumped, fought, pushed, as if by chance, each other from a narrow path into a deep snowdrift; collided floundered for a long time and did not soon get out of the soft snow fluff onto a hard road. It was then that Russian witticisms rained down, by the nature of a Russian person, always dressed in the figure of irony. “Don’t talk painfully,” one said to the other, “you’ll burn your tongue: you see what kind of heat, it’s scorching!” - “Joke, joke,” answered the other, “the gypsy sweat breaks through himself!” Everyone laughed. This is how the spirit and body of a Russian peasant warm themselves in the cold.
Moving at a quick pace, and at a trot, the convoy climbed a hill and drove into a birch grove - the only forest in a large steppe area. A wonderful, sad sight was presented by a poor grove! It was as if a hurricane or thunderclaps had been hovering over her for a long time: everything was so distorted. Young trees, bent into various arches, bogged down their flexible tops in snowdrifts and seemed to be trying to pull them out. Older trees, broken in half, stuck out tall stumps, while others, torn in two, lay falling apart on both sides. "What the hell is this! - said the young man, - what kind of goblin has mangled the birch tree? “Not a goblin, but frost,” answered the old man, “look how much it rushed to the boughs ... a death craving! After all, under the hoarfrost there is ice, as thick as an arm, and all to one side, all by midnight. It happens after thaws, it doesn’t happen every year, and the harvest predicts: there will be plenty of bread.” - “But where to go with him? ..” - the young peasant picked up and wanted to continue, but the old man, who for some time carefully looked around in all directions, crouching down to the road with a narrowed eye, shouted sternly: “Enough kalyak, guys. Up to umet 6
This is the name of one or two yards settled on the steppe road for spending the night or feeding carts. ( Note by S. T. Aksakov.)
Far away, the night is close, it's worthless. Take the reins, sit down and drive the horses!..” They silently obeyed the stern voice of the old man, wise by years of experience, whose penetrating gaze saw the darkness in the clarity, the storm in the silence. Everyone was scared, although they did not see anything terrible. They nimbly jumped on the wagon, shouted, touched the reins on the bast 7
Obrot - part of the harness of a horse, a horse bridle with one reason for a leash.
Unbridled horses, and the convoy, climbing out of the grove onto a sloping plain, ran at a hectic trot.
Everything still seemed clear in the sky and quiet on the ground. The sun leaned to the west and, gliding with oblique rays over the boundless masses of snow, dressed them with a diamond bark, and a grove disfigured by adhering hoarfrost, in its snow and ice attire, presented from a distance wonderful and varied obelisks, also showered with diamond brilliance. Everything was great ... But flocks of black grouse flew out noisily from their favorite groves to look for lodging for the night in high and open places; but the horses snorted, snorted, neighed, and seemed to be calling to each other about something; but a whitish cloud, like the head of a huge beast, floated up on the eastern horizon of the sky; but a barely perceptible, albeit sharp, breeze blew from east to west - and, leaning towards the ground, one could notice how the entire boundless expanse of snow fields ran in light streams, flowed, hissed with some kind of snake hiss, quiet, but terrible! Convoys familiar with misfortune knew fatal signs, hurried to reach villages or umets, turned aside to the nearest village from a straight road if the overnight stay was far away, and did not dare to move even a few versts again. But woe to the inexperienced, who are late in such deserted and empty places, where often, driving for dozens of miles, you will not find human habitation!
Not long before this, a cheerful wagon train, consisting of eighteen wagons and ten drivers, was in precisely this position. They went with grain to Orenburg, where they hoped, having sold their village surpluses, although at an inexpensive price, to take rock salt from the Iletsk Protection, which sometimes manages to be sold very profitably at neighboring bazaars, if there is not enough transportation due to muddy roads. They drove out onto the big Orenburg road, breaking across the so-called Common Syrt, a flat elevation that stretches to Yaik, present-day Uralsk, and along which the famous Yaik Cossack road lies. Although an experienced old man noticed a thunderstorm in advance, the journey was long, the horses were lean, the convoy hesitated at feeding, and trouble came inevitably ...
A white cloud quickly rose and grew from the east, and when the last pale rays of the setting sun disappeared behind the mountain, a huge snow cloud already covered most of the sky and sprinkled fine snow dust from itself; the steppes of snow have already begun to boil; already in the ordinary noise of the wind one could sometimes hear, as it were, the distant cry of a baby, and sometimes the howl of a hungry wolf. "Too late guys! shouted the old man. - Stop! there is nothing to drive and torment the horses in vain. Let's go step by step. If we do not go astray, perhaps God will have mercy. Petrovich,” he said, turning to a tall, stout peasant, also middle-aged, “ride behind: your nest, though not a striker, is not languid, will not lag behind, and you will not doze off either. Keep an eye out so that no one falls behind and to the side along a wood or hay road does not fight back, but I will go ahead! With great difficulty they dragged the old men forward, and Petrovich's horse, pushed off the road to the side, went around, then pulled it out of the snowdrift, and Petrovich became the rear. The old man took off the lynx malachai 8
Malachai is a caftan without a belt.
Bartered from the Bashkir canton 9
Canton is a district.
The sergeant on a fat young horse that broke his leg in the autumn icy conditions prayed to God and, sitting on the cart: “Well, sirko! - he said, although in a sad, but firm voice, - you rescued me more than once, serve now, do not stray from the road ... ”- and the convoy drove off at a pace.
A snowy white cloud, huge as the sky, covered the entire horizon, and the last light of the red, burnt evening dawn was quickly covered with a thick veil. Suddenly the night came ... the storm came with all its fury, with all its horrors. The desert wind blew up in the open air, blew up the snowy steppes like swan fluff, threw them up to the sky ... Everything was dressed in white darkness, impenetrable, like the darkness of the darkest autumn night! Everything merged, everything mixed up: the earth, the air, the sky turned into an abyss of boiling snowy dust, which blinded the eyes, occupied the breath, roared, whistled, howled, moaned, beat, ruffled, twirled from all sides, from above and below, twisted around like a kite and strangled everything he came across.
The heart drops in the most intimidating person, the blood freezes, stops from fear, and not from cold, because the cold during snowstorms is significantly reduced. So terrible is the sight of the disturbance of the winter northern nature. A person loses his memory, presence of mind, goes crazy ... and this is the reason for the death of many unfortunate victims.
For a long time our convoy dragged with its twenty-pound wagons. The road was drifting, the horses stumbled incessantly. Most of the people walked, stuck knee-deep in the snow; finally, everyone was exhausted; many horses have arrived. The old man saw this, and although his sternness, which was the most difficult for him, for he was the first to lay the trail, still cheerfully pulled out his legs, the old man stopped the convoy. “Friends,” he said, calling all the peasants to him, “there is nothing to do. We must surrender to the will of God; have to spend the night here. Let's make wagons and unharnessed horses together, in a circle. We will tie the shafts and lift them up, wrap them in felt mats 10
We will wrap ... with felt - we will wrap with felt.
We will sit under them, as under a hut, and we will wait for the light of God and good people. Maybe we won’t all freeze!”
The advice was strange and terrible; but it contained the only means of salvation. Unfortunately, there were young, inexperienced people in the convoy. One of them, whose horse stuck less than the others, did not want to obey the old man. “Come on, grandpa! - he said. - Serko something you have become, and we squabble with you? you've already lived in the world, it's all the same to you; but we still want to live. Seven versts to the umet, there will be no more. Let's go guys! Let grandfather stay with those whose horses have completely become. Tomorrow, God willing, we will be alive, we will return here and dig them up.” In vain did the old man speak, in vain did he prove that he was weary less than the others; In vain did Petrovich and two more of the peasants support him: the six others on twelve carts set off further.
The storm raged from hour to hour. It raged all night and all the next day, so there was no ride. Deep ravines turned into high mounds... Finally, the excitement of the snowy ocean began to subside little by little, which continues even then, when the sky is already shining with a cloudless blue. Another night passed. The violent wind died down, the snows subsided. The steppes presented the appearance of a stormy sea, suddenly frozen over ... The sun rolled out into a clear sky; its rays played on the wavy snows. The wagon trains that had waited out the storm and all sorts of passers-by set off.
On this very road, the convoy was returning empty from Orenburg. Suddenly, the front one ran into the ends of the shafts sticking out of the snow, near which there was a snow cone, similar to a haystack or a pile of bread. The peasants began to look at it and noticed that a light steam was wafting from the snow near the shaft. They got the hang of it; they began to tear it off with whatever they could and unearthed the old man, Petrovich, and two of their comrades: they were all in a sleepy, unconscious state, similar to the state of marmots sleeping in their burrows for the winter. The snow around them had melted, and they were warm compared to the air temperature. They dragged them out, put them in a sled and returned to the umet, which was definitely not far away. The fresh, frosty air woke them; they began to move, opened their eyes, but were still without memory, as if stupefied, without any consciousness. In the know, without bringing them into a warm hut, they ground them with snow, gave them wine to drink, and then put them to sleep on a bed. After sleeping a real dream, they came to their senses and remained alive and well.
Six daredevils, or, rather, fools, who listened to the young daring man, probably soon lost their way, as usual began to look for it, trying with their feet to see if a hard strip would fall in the soft snow, scattered in different directions, exhausted - and that’s it. frozen. In the spring they found the bodies of the unfortunate in various positions. One of them was sitting leaning against the fence of that same umet…
Questions and tasks
1. How is a winter day depicted in the Orenburg steppe? Give it a description.
2. What helps to imagine the strength of winter frost in the descriptions of the steppe road and birch grove?
1. Why does the winter steppe appear not as a calm description of a picture of nature, but as a story about a man's struggle with harsh nature?
3. Watch the description of the snow cloud change.
2. Prepare an expressive reading and memorize the description of the most formidable moments of the storm.
It is worth remembering about any time of the year, as lines of poetry familiar from preschool childhood come to mind. Whether it is spring or autumn, summer or winter, poetic lines immediately come to mind and help paint a familiar picture.
We also know about writers' passions. So, we know that Pushkin was very fond of autumn, and Yesenin - spring. And of course, we always notice such predilections of authors when reading.
In the books that we read, meeting the heroes and watching the events of their lives, we often do not think about winter or summer before us, forest or steppe, city street or village outskirts. And yet we constantly feel the background of events, we see what surrounds the characters.
Writers often devote entire pages of their works of art to the depiction of nature.
When the yellowing field worries ...
(Mikhail Yurjevich Lermontov(1814–1841 ))1
When the yellowing field worries,
And the fresh forest rustles at the sound of the breeze,
And the crimson plum hides in the garden,
Under the shade of a sweet green leaf;2
When sprayed with fragrant dew,
Ruddy evening or morning at a golden hour
From under the bush I silver lily of the valley
He nods his head amiably;3
When the cold key plays in the ravine
And, plunging the thought into some kind of vague dream,
Babbling me a mysterious saga
About the peaceful land from which he rushes;4
Then my soul's anxiety subsides,
Then the wrinkles on the forehead diverge,
And I can comprehend happiness on earth,
And in heaven I see God!
The poem speaks of the closeness of the poet and nature. Its four stanzas are combined into one sentence. Three parts of this great proposal paint pictures of nature, the fourth convinces us that the world around is beautiful.
Questions and tasks
1. See what pictures of native nature delight the poet? List them.
2. How to explain why the poet combined 4 parts of the poem into one big sentence?
1. What colors are used to paint the world of nature?
2. The first three stanzas of the poem begin with the word "when", and only in the fourth stanza does the poet tell us "then". And what do we see "then"? What helps the poet to convince us that the world is beautiful?
1. How did the poet show his love for his native nature and close connection with it?
I remember a long winter evening...
I remember a long winter evening
(Ivan Alekseevich Bunin(1870–1953 ))
Twilight and silence;
The light of the lamp dimly pours,
The storm is crying at the window."My dear," whispers my mother, -
If you want to take a nap
To be cheerful and cheerful
Tomorrow morning to be again, -Forget that the blizzard howls
Forget that you are with me
Remember the quiet whisper of the forest
And the midday summer heat;Remember how the birches rustle,
And behind the forest, at the border,
Walk slowly and smoothly
Golden waves of rye!”And familiar advice
I trustfully listened
And filled with dreams
I started to forget.Together with a quiet dream merged
Lulling dreams -
Whispers of ripening ears
And the indistinct noise of birches ...
Questions and tasks
1. Try to tell about the sad winter evening, which the poet's mother so skillfully turned into a memory of a warm summer. Keep in the story those techniques that the poet used.
1. What tricks help you feel the contrast between winter and summer, a sad mood and a dream suggested by your mother?
2. What role does the repetition of the word “forget” play in the affectionate coaxing of the mother?
1. What pictures could be drawn while reading the lines of this poem?
2. What could you tell about the relationship between mother and son after reading this poem?
3. Find rhymes in the lines of the poem. Do all lines rhyme?
4. Remember Bunin's poems that you know. Which of the methods by which he paints the world of the surrounding nature is more vivid than all the others?
On a white night, a red month ...
White night red month
(Alexander Alexandrovich Blok(1880–1921 ))
Floats in the blue.
Wandering ghostly-beautiful,
Reflected in the Neva.I see and dream
Fulfillment of secret thoughts.
Is there good in you?
Red moon, quiet noise?..
Questions and tasks
1. What are the colors of the night in this poem by Blok?
Winter sings - calls out ...
Winter sings - calls out,
(Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin(1895–1925 ))
Shaggy forest cradles
The call of a pine forest.
Around with deep longing
Sailing to a distant land
Gray clouds.And in the yard a snowstorm
Spreads like a silk carpet,
But it's painfully cold.
Sparrows are playful
Like orphan children
Huddled at the window.Little birds are chilled,
Hungry, tired
And they huddle tighter.
A blizzard with a furious roar
Knocks on the shutters hung
And getting more and more angry.And gentle birds doze
Under these whirlwinds of snow
At the frozen window.
And they dream of a beautiful
In the smiles of the sun is clear,
Spring beauty.
Questions and tasks
1. What troubles does the poet associate with a terrible winter?
2. How did the poet describe the life of sparrows in the winter?
1. Find all the epithets associated with the image of sparrows. How do you explain that there are so many of them?
1. Find folklore techniques in the text of the poem.
2. Compare the description of winter by Bunin and other poets.
I was brought up by harsh nature ...
I was brought up by harsh nature,
(Nikolai Alekseevich Zabolotsky(1903–1958 ))
It's enough for me to notice at my feet
Dandelion ball downy,
Plantain hard blade.than a simple plant,
The more alive excites me
The first leaves his appearance
At the dawn of a spring day.In the state of daisies, at the edge,
Where the stream, panting, sings,
I would lie all night until the morning,
Throwing your face up into the sky.Living like a stream of glowing dust
Everything would flow, flow through the sheets,
And the misty stars shone
Filling the bushes with rays.And listening to the spring noise
Among the enchanted herbs,
Everything would lie and think I think
Boundless fields and oak forests.
Questions and tasks
1. What signs of "harsh nature" did the poet name in his poem? Name the most striking of these signs.
2. Tell us about the hero of this poem.
1. What feelings do ordinary plants dandelion and plantain awaken in the poet?
1. Prepare a short story about "harsh nature" using only the images of dandelion, plantain and chamomile. Why will you immediately begin to miss the firmament with its stars?
The ability to feel nature and respond to its life is inherent in every person and is essential in everyday life. So the lines of the works in which we meet with nature draw us both happy and peaceful moments and stormy and tragic events of this mighty and independent world.
The description of nature in a literary work is called a landscape.
Terrible phenomena of nature often invade people's lives. In his essay, Aksakov shows how dangerous is the inability to notice all the shades of changes in nature. This is narrated by the fate of the deceased convoy in the essay "Buran".
Some young readers find such descriptions uninteresting, they fail to see the connection with the lives of the characters. However, there is such a connection, even if you have not yet managed to notice it. We are all from the world of nature and we need to constantly feel this - then we will perceive the world around us more accurately and brighter.
Questions and tasks
1. Remember the lines of description of any season that will most quickly pop up in your memory. Test yourself: what time of the year did you remember first?
2. What poets created many poems about nature?
1. Remember the signs of autumn that Pushkin described. Which of them most vividly reproduces this time of year?
2. What signs of winter do you remember most while reading Buran?
1. Do poets draw the connection between man and nature in their landscape descriptions? Try to think about this topic.
2. Create a dictionary of ten words, including signs of one of the seasons. What works helped you in compiling this dictionary?
3. Hold a competition for the best connoisseur of poems about native nature.
4. Prepare a concert "Favorite seasons of Russian poets."
According to history, once the housekeeper Pelageya came to the little boy Seryozha Aksakov before going to bed, sat down by the stove, resting her head on one hand and began her story: “In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived a rich merchant, an eminent person ...
Yes, the housekeeper was real.
She was a peasant serf. In her youth during the Pugachev rebellion with her father, she fled from the cruel treatment of her landlord Alakaev from Orenburg to Astrakhan. She returned to her native places only twenty years after the death of the master Klyuchnitsa Pelageya, a servant on the Aksakov estate, followed the household in the house. She had all the keys to the storerooms. Very often she was invited to the house in order to tell fairy tales before going to bed for a little boy. She was a great master of telling fairy tales. Sergey was very fond of the fairy tale "The Scarlet Flower". He heard her over the course of several years more than a dozen times, because he liked her very much. Subsequently, he learned it by heart and himself told with all the jokes.
Many of us know the fairy tale "The Scarlet Flower" as a folk tale.
Where do fairy tales come from
- The very first writer.
- The man who wrote the story.
A folk tale also has a writer, this is the one who first composed it, and from whom our great-grandmothers and great-grandfathers learned it.
So who came up with it? How has it survived to this day?
But it's very simple. Everyone knows that its author is Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov.
But this is a little different. He only reproduced an old story.
In the book of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov "Childhood of Bagrov-grandson", at the very end, there is a fairy tale "The Scarlet Flower". But Aksakov did not compose it, but only remembered it in order to resurrect it and bring it to us.
Its title mentions the housekeeper Pelageya.
Who is she, this woman who told this beloved legend? Was she really?
What is known about the housekeeper Pelageya
- What did the peasant woman Pelageya work for the Aksakovs?
- What else did she do in the family?
- What did Sergei Timofeevich learn from her?
We have received information that Pelageya was a serf and in the Aksakov family she performed great and important work. She kept order in the household, barns and storerooms. And she was often invited to the house, where she told fairy tales on long autumn and winter evenings. She was a good storyteller, she told very well and interestingly, and she knew a lot of different fairy tales from all over the world.
Together they loved to listen to the storyteller, and little Seryozha especially remembered the story about the scarlet flower. He could even tell it himself to those who wanted to hear it. He grew up, became a writer, but often remembered the good old story and how he told it in childhood, imitating Pelageya and her jokes and sayings.
The wise Pelageya taught Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov to love nature and the folk art of Russia, and while working on a book of memoirs about his family and the Russian life of those years, he restored this almost forgotten fairy tale.
.
He gave her a second birth and a new long life. Many generations of people grew up with her, but the fairy tale is still loved.
Target:
- Learn to work with text
- Be able to determine the genre of the work.
Tasks:
- to learn to compose a story on a given topic to develop memory, thinking, speech;
- instill in students a caring attitude towards friends;
- instill a love of reading.
During the classes
Org. Moment.
Hello! Look how many guests we have! How are you going to work? Sit down. Let's start the lesson of literary reading. Let's do some research today in class. Try to read her topic (the topic is encrypted using pictures). In addition, we will continue to learn how to work with text, compose a story on a given topic, determine the genre of the work, and during the lesson we will develop memory, thinking, and speech.
Let's start work. Review the work in the textbook. What is the genre of this work? Who is the author of the story? Which of you parents have already read the stories of Vera Panova? I see that you are not familiar with her work. Don't worry, because you still have a long way to go. You have learned to read, which means you will read her works yourself.
And now Lera Risaeva will tell you about Vera Panova and the books she wrote.
Conclusion: Who is the writer writing about? If you want to learn more about her work, visit the school library.
Today in the lesson we will read a short excerpt from the work "Seryozha". Judging by the title of the work, who is Seryozha? (children's guesses) Let's check. Listen.
Conclusion: Are your assumptions correct?
Carefully review the text of the story and read out the words proving that this is a little boy (selective text reading).
What else did you learn about Serezha? How old do you think Serezha is? What is his character? Why? Does he look like you in any way? Guys, I drew Seryozha the way I imagine him. And what is your Seryozha? Since Seryozha is your age, he likes to relax and invites you to a fun song-game.
Fizminutka.
Which of you will tell about yourself in childhood, maybe, with the help of photographs, show what he was like?
Conclusion: What is your childhood like?
Each person has very warm memories of childhood, they remain with each of us for life. And in difficult moments of life, childhood memories warm and inspire confidence that everything will be fine.
Now you will turn from readers into listeners and hear the continuation of the story about Seryozha. After that, you will tell what you have learned about Seryozha and evaluate the reading of your classmates.
Conclusion: Which of you, like Seryozha, likes to listen to fairy tales?
Why do you love fairy tales? What are fairy tales? Name your favorite stories. I know that your favorite fairy tale is "Kolobok". Now you will see her (acting a fairy tale)
Outcome: What research work has been done? What unites Seryozha, your stories and the fairy tale "Gingerbread Man"? How will you remember your childhood?
Now rub your palms hard so that it becomes hot. Quickly transfer warmth to your desk mate by bringing all your palms together. This is where we will end our lesson. Let the warmth of the soul of your friends warm you.
