1. Introduction. ……………………………………………………………….. 2

2. Heroes-border guards……………………………………………………. 5

3. The feat of Viktor Talalikhin……………………………………………… 5

4. The feat of Alexander Pankratov……………………………………….. 9

5. Heroism of the defenders of Sevastopol…………………………………….. 11

6. Feat of the submarine "Sch-408"……………………………………. eleven

7. Defense of Moscow………………………………………………………….. 12

8. Partisan movement…………………………………………………... 14

9. Defense of Stalingrad……………………………………………………... 18

10. The exploits of Soviet patriots…………………………………………. 19

11. Conclusion………………………………………………………………… 23

12. List of used literature……………………………………….. 24

Introduction.

Russia with Russian bayonets

She saved herself and saved us

Guys! Isn't Moscow behind us?

No, much more than Moscow...

I always listened with great interest to the stories of my father about my grandfather, who went through the Great Patriotic War. Unfortunately, my grandfather died a long time ago. I listened and thought whether I or my friends could do the same as those who defended our Motherland in that war. Maybe those young people thought differently, or maybe they had something that we lack. Unfortunately, at school, the topic of war was limited to the date of the beginning and date of the end of the war and the study of the main battles. But it was not clear what motivated them, the young ones, because they were not promised anything, they were not paid money, they themselves rushed to the front: they attributed years to themselves if they were not taken into the army, they fought in the rear, at the bench, in partisan detachments. Perhaps, having written this report, I will be able to at least a little understand how we differ from them or we are still the same.

On June 22, 1941, at about 4 o'clock in the morning, when millions of Soviet citizens were still sleeping peacefully, fascist Germany treacherously attacked the Soviet Union without presenting any claims. Thousands of bombs and shells began to explode almost along the entire length of the western state border of the USSR, the pre-morning silence was resounded by the roar of German aircraft and the roar of tank engines.

At the western borders of the USSR, the Nazis concentrated 82% of the total strength of the active ground army. Together with the troops of the satellite countries, 190 fully equipped divisions were deployed here. The invasion army consisted of 5.5 million soldiers and officers, about 4,300 tanks, 4,980 combat aircraft, 47,200 guns and mortars.

Taking advantage of a three-fold, and in a number of areas five-fold superiority, the fascist German hordes rushed into the depths of our country. On the main directions: southern - to Kyiv, northern - to Leningrad and central - to Moscow - a difficult military situation was created.

A mortal danger hung over our Motherland - to be free or to fall into dependence on the fascist invaders.

Communist Party The Soviet government immediately took the necessary measures to protect the motherland from fascist enslavement, to mobilize human and material resources to defeat the enemy.

The leadership of the Armed Forces of the country was headed by the Headquarters of the Supreme Command, created on July 10 (since August 8, 1941 - the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command), whose chairman was appointed I.V. Stalin.

In order to unite the efforts of the front and rear, on June 30, the State Defense Committee was formed under the chairmanship of I.V. Stalin, who concentrated all power in his hands. The GKO led the restructuring of the economy, the mobilization of forces and resources of the country.

On July 3, JV Stalin delivered a speech in which he outlined the detailed program of the party and the Soviet government aimed at ensuring victory over the enemy. I.V. Stalin explained to the people the just nature of the Great Patriotic War, the sacred duty of every Soviet person to defend the Motherland, uphold the gains of socialism, called for courage and heroism at the front and selfless work in the rear. The chairman of the State Defense Committee appealed to the working class, the collective farm peasantry and the intelligentsia with the appeal "Everything for the front!" Everything for the victory! The Red Army was tasked with defending every inch of land, fighting to the last drop of blood for its cities and villages, exhausting and bleeding the German fascist troops in defensive battles, defeating and driving them out of Soviet soil, and helping the peoples of Europe throw off the fascist yoke.

On the first day of the Patriotic War, a resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League was prepared and published on June 23. “In connection with the perfidious, predatory attack of the German fascists on our country,” the document said, “the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League demands from all Komsomol organizations tenfold vigilance, solidarity, discipline, and organization.” The Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League demanded that "every Komsomol member be ready to fight with weapons in their hands against the attacked, arrogant enemy for the Motherland, for honor, for freedom."

The Komsomol responded vividly to the call of its leadership to stand up for the Motherland. The young patriots of the capital, leaving for the front, wrote in an appeal to the youth of Moscow: “We grew up, received an education and a specialty under the Soviet regime, on Soviet soil, under the Soviet sun. What could be more honorable for us than to defend our beloved Motherland against the invasion of the Nazi gangs! We are obliged, and therefore with every right to demand that we be sent to the front. We will take revenge on the enemies with a full consciousness of duty to the Motherland. In total, in Moscow during the three days of the war, 50,000 applications for voluntary departure to the front were submitted. “All members of the Komsomol of the Leningrad organization have applied to be sent as volunteers to the front,” the Leningrad city committee of the Komsomol Central Committee reported.

The unprecedented impulse of the Soviet youth, first of all, was manifested in the fact that every young man, girl in the district committee of the Komsomol, in the military registration and enlistment office or at the enterprise declared their desire to immediately go into battle against fascism. More than 100,000 Komsomol members of Moscow and the Moscow Region, most of them voluntarily, joined the ranks of the Soviet Army already in the first months of the war.

From the very first days of the war, showing mass heroism, infantrymen, artillerymen, tankers, sailors, pilots courageously fought against the invaders - wars of all branches of the Soviet Armed Forces.

Border Heroes.

The Soviet border guards were the first to fight the enemy.

At one of the border outposts, Lieutenant I.S. Rubanik reported, a fierce battle took place with superior enemy forces. “For those who died in an unequal battle, the enemy paid with black fascist blood, leaving up to 1,000 killed and wounded soldiers and officers on the battlefield.” The losses of the border guards amounted to 40 people killed and wounded.

On the western border, near the Ukrainian village of Paripsy, 136 brave border guards died. For an hour and a half they held back the onslaught of 16 fascist tanks. One of the heroes, junior lieutenant N.D. Sinokop, wrote on a piece of paper: “I will die for the Motherland, but I will not surrender to the living enemy.”

The garrison of the Brest Fortress, consisting of a small part of the combat border forces, delayed the advance of two enemy infantry divisions for almost a month and inflicted heavy losses on them.

The front-line soldiers, without prejudice, spoke truthfully about heavy losses and retreat, especially in 1941. This is evidenced, in particular, by a letter from the Red Army soldier Yegor Zlobin, sent to his relatives on July 20, 1941. Let us refer to a short excerpt from it: “... Dad and Mom, you know that the German attacked the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941 and I have been in battle since June 22: from 5 o’clock in the morning the German crossed, and we were no more than 20 kilometers from him in the camps, and from these days, dad and mom, I saw the country. As from the first days the German began to beat us, we will not find a place. We got surrounded by him. He thrashed us. About 50 people remained from the regiment, or even died or were taken to the poen. Well, I forcibly jumped out of his hot paws and fled ... And the German was met by new units of the Red Army. As they began to beat him, only feathers fly ... "

Not just Yegor Zlobin was given such lines. And yet he decided to write the truth. One detail: there are no complaints, whining in the letter. And in the words “they started to beat him, only feathers fly” - the confidence that the enemy will be defeated, no matter what.

Terrible days, the Pravda newspaper wrote: “Soviet border guards fought like lions, having taken the first sudden blow of a vile enemy ... They fought hand-to-hand, and only through their dead bodies the enemy could move forward.”

The feat of Viktor Talalikhin.

But the Soviet pilots especially distinguished themselves in battles with the enemy. On the night of July 22, 1941, there was the first enemy air raid on Moscow, and in July - August German air raids became more frequent. On July 25, the pilots of the regiment opened the score, Captain Ivan Samsonov shot down the Junkers-88. In the last days of July 1941, Viktor Talalikhin was appointed deputy commander of the first squadron, and then he began to act as commander.

Viktor Talalikhin shot down the first bomber on the night of August 5-6 - it was a German Junkers-88 bomber.

Near Moscow, August 1941 is a restless, anxious and formidable wartime. Endless night bombings by German planes of Moscow and its suburbs. I, who survived those difficult summer and autumn months of the first year of the war, who was a mod of bombing and machine gun fire, remembered a heightened sense of danger, and the victory of Soviet pilots and anti-aircraft gunners in the Moscow sky inspired hope.

We learned about the night ramming by fighter pilot Viktor Talalikhin of the German Heinkel-111 aircraft on August 8, 1941.

From the very early morning of August 6, aviation technicians and aircraft mechanics Sergey Borzov, Philip Usatyuk and Vladimir Tsvetkov prepared fighters for flights.

"Hawk" Talalikhin was prepared for flight. Borzov reported to the engineer of the regiment A.M. Menshov about the fulfillment of the task: the engine was tested, gas tanks were filled, a preliminary inspection of the aircraft was carried out.

V. Talalikhin should take off for night duty, he approached the plane. Victor in leather raglan, cap and chrome boots, with a tablet. He thoroughly checked everything and asked to rearrange the foot control pedals, shortening them. Viktor Talalikhinsel into the cockpit and prepared for combat duty. The night from 6 to 7 August was warm, quiet, starry. Searchlights began to work in the Moscow sky. Many bright rays pierced the dark sky, looking for enemy planes.

The fighters stood in a shelter on the edge of a small forest, near the village, waiting for a combat signal. Aircraft of Viktor Talalikhin, Pyotr Funtov, Alexander Pechenevsky, Ivan Tyapin, Alexander Bogdanov, Grigory Finogenov received a message: "Enemy aircraft appeared in square 82 at an altitude of 4 thousand meters." The regimental commander called the 1st squadron at 22 hours 55 minutes. Talalikhin heard the command: "Air!". "Hawk" Talalikhin took off into the sky and gained altitude. Below the railway stations Lvovskaya, Stolbovaya. Talalikhin noticed a brilliant dot, from which green-red flashes were coming. This is from the engines of an enemy aircraft.

Talalikhin swiftly led the "hawk" to the target - the Heinkel-111 bomber. He walked at an altitude of 4.5 km. The bomber is armed with seven machine guns and one cannon. Talalikhin went into the tail of the bomber, began to catch the "Heinkel" in his sight, pressed the trigger. The right engine of the fascist bomber smoked, the Heinkel-111 shuddered. Talalikhin attacked again, aiming at the cockpit. The German aircraft changed course, turning west. Talalikhin attacks again and again, releasing several bursts of fire. Having increased the speed, "Heinkel-111" went down, but the "hawk" pursued him.

The air night duel continued. The downed but unfinished fascist bomber continued to fly, again the attack was the sixth. Talalikhin presses the trigger, but the machine gun is silent, the cartridges have run out,

"Heinkel-111" goes into the darkness of the night. Talalikhin instantly makes a decision - to go to the ram, informs on the ground - the ammunition has run out. Talalikhin catches up with the "Heinkel-111", approaches it, skillfully attaches itself to the tail of the aircraft, a machine-gun burst flashed from the "Heinkel-111", burned Talalikhin's right hand - his hand was shot through. But the "hawk" at the target - 10 meters left. Talalikhin rammed a bomber with his whole car, the "hawk" turned over in the air, the pilot leaves the plane and flies about a thousand meters in a long jump, and then opens his parachute.

Nazi bomber "Heinkel-111" falls near a birch grove between the villages of Dobrynikhai and Shcheglyatievo.

It was the first night ram in the history of the war, the heroic deed of Viktor Talalikhin. Ramming is the highest degree of heroism , when the life of a pilot is on the scales, when the unknown is ahead: is it possible to jump out of a crumpled and damaged aircraft? The ram is a special courage of the pilot. The ram is on the verge of self-sacrifice. Soviet pilots made a daytime ramming on the first day of the war near Leningrad, and over the years of the war, Soviet pilots made hundreds of rammings. There were pilots who rammed twice and thrice. German pilots did not go to war to ram.

Throwing himself out of the plane, Talalikhin landed on the bottom of a shallow river. Severki near the outskirts of the village of Mansurovo. Having got ashore, Viktor Talalikhin felt pain in his legs, in his lower back, the wound on his arm was especially disturbing.

Talalikhin's clock stopped at 23:28 (it was at that moment that the ram occurred). The pilot was in flight for 33 minutes. The pilot was found on the banks of the Severka River by the Mansurovites. They treated him cautiously - they did not know who it was. I.M. was the first to see Talalikhin and approached him. Buralkin , V.D. Zaelkin and V.G. Larionov, collective farmers from Mansurov.

The pilot said: “I am mine,” and, overcoming the pain, got up. Collective farmers carefully led the wounded Viktor Talalikhin to the last house of the village, where E.I. Larionov. Marfa Ivanovna Larinovas immediately bandaged Viktor's hand, brought linen, gave him milk to drink, and put him to rest.

Victor, waking up at dawn, looked out of the window, not far away could be seen the edge of the forest. In the morning Victor was given tea, and Yegor Ivanovich Larionov accompanied Talalikhin to the crash site. After examining the remains of the plane, they returned to the house. At home, the Larionovs already had a cart by order of the chairman of the collective farm N.I. Zaelkin. All Mansurovites. Viktor Talalikhin was escorted to the village of Stepygino.

On that August night, pilot V. Talalikhin was waiting at the airfield, but he was still not there and was not there. Everyone asked: “Where is Talalikhin, what about him?” Victor's friend pilot Alexander Pechenevsky was worried, it was already three o'clock, but his comrade was still not there...

Morning: 9 hours 45 minutes ... a U-2 plane appeared over Podolsk, flying to the airfield ... Talalikhin got out of the plane with a bandaged hand. Victor is surrounded by fellow soldiers.

The commander of the regiment Korolev urgently reported to the headquarters of the air formation about the feat of Talalikhin. The commander of the aviation corps I.D. Klimov instructed Major Korolev to personally go to the crash site of the Nazi bomber and present materials for conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on pilot Viktor Talalikhin. Major Korolev went to the downed Heinkel-111 plane together with Talalikhin. Four fascists lay motionless ten meters away. Being at the downed plane, MI. Korolev and V.V. Talalikhin was seen by correspondents and a photographer who arrived from Moscow. In the picture, Viktor Talalikhin is standing at the fascist bomber he rammed in a long raincoat. The right hand of Talalikhin is in a sling.

His parents learned about Victor's heroic deed from a radio message. On the same day in the evening Viktor Talalikhin will arrive in Moscow.

On August 8, 1941, all the central newspapers spoke about the military feat of fighter pilot V. Talalikhin, placing a "decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR", which stated: "... for the exemplary performance of the combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against German fascism and the courage and heroism shown at the same time, to award the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal to fighter pilot Junior Lieutenant Talalikhin Viktor Vasilyevich."

Early morning October 27, cold, clear. By the middle of the day clouds appeared, a piercing cold wind blew. The Nazis are rushing towards Moscow, columns of tanks are moving along the Warsaw highway, bombers are flying in waves on the suburbs.

A squadron of "hawks" under the command of Viktor Talalikhin flew out in the direction of the village of Kamenki on the morning of October 27, went at low level. Kamenki are located on the 85th km of Varshavskoye Highway. Fascist scouts fly here day and night. The squadron flew up to Kamenka by 11 o'clock in the morning. In solid clouds, six "hawks" found six "Messerschmitts".

- "Messers" on the left! Attack! Act boldly and decisively!” - Talalikhin ordered on the radio.

And the first rushed into battle. Behind him are followers. From the fire of V. Talalikhin and A. Bogdanov, one Messerschmitt collapsed down. The rest are gone. The combat mission of Talalikhin's squadron was to find the enemy's field airfield, from where the Junkers and Heinkels flew out to bomb our combat positions. But suddenly a large squadron of Messerschmitts emerged from the clouds and directed fire at Talalikhin's plane. One Messerschmitt was shot down, but at the same moment Talalikhin's plane began to descend. “Comrade Commander!” the followers called out, but Viktor Talalikhin was silent. Talalikhin's hawk was riddled with bullets from three Msserschmitts. The squadron commander died a heroic death. The plane crashed into a dense forest, Viktor Talalikhin did not deviate from the battle, he boldly went to the enemy in those difficult October days of 1941 hanging over the country. It was necessary to win, it was necessary to save Russia, but heroes also die. The chief of staff of the regiment flew to the place of death on a U-2 plane. In the thicket of the forest, the remains of the aircraft and the deceased Hero of the Soviet Union Viktor Talalikhin were found. Victor's funeral took place in Moscow in the meat-packing club.

The feat of Alexander Pankratov.

During the Great Patriotic War, the first feat of a hero warrior, who covered the embrasure of an enemy bunker with his body, was performed by the political instructor of the tank company Alexander Konstantinovich Pankratov from the 125th tank regiment of the 28th tank division, commanded by Colonel I.D. Chernyakhovsky. Turner of the Vologda plant "Northern Kommunar" Komsomol member Alexander Pankratov went to serve in the army as a volunteer in October 1938. He was sent to the 21st Tank Brigade. There he graduated from the school of junior commanders, learned to drive a tank, shoot from a tank gun.

The command sent him to the Smolensk Military-Political School, from which he graduated in January 1941 with the rank of junior political officer. And soon the war broke out.

Hardly experiencing the failure of the first days of the war, Alexander wrote home: "Do not grieve, mother! We will defeat the Nazis anyway, and if we have to die, I will die a hero." This was Pankratov's real oath, given to his homeland and his own mother, that he was ready for the feat, which he accomplished in the battles for Novgorod on August 24, 1941.

Leaving Novgorod, our units withdrew to the east and took up defensive positions on the eastern banks of the Volkhov and Maly Volkhovets rivers. Here stood the Kirillov Monastery, which the Nazis used as an artillery observation post.

On the night of August 24-25, the 125th Tank Regiment was tasked with secretly crossing the Maly Volkhovets and capturing the Kirillov Monastery. This task was entrusted to the company, in which Pankratov was the political commissar. The company imperceptibly crossed, without a single shot, and began to make its way to the monastery. The Nazis noticed our fighters and opened machine-gun fire. Rota lay down. Pankratov crawled to the monastery with a group of daredevils. The Nazis also discovered them, they began to pour lead from a pillbox. The political instructor pulled forward a little and found himself in a "dead" space. Squeezing the last lemon grenade, Pankratov crawled closer to the embrasure and threw the grenade inside. There was an explosion in the dota. Then Pankratov made a sharp jerk to the embrasure with an exclamation: "Attack, forward!" and with his body covered the barrel of the enemy's machine gun. And his company with a cry of "Hurrah" broke through to the monastery.

The motherland highly appreciated the feat of the hero. By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated March 16, 1942, junior political instructor Alexander Konstantinovich Pankratov was awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

A similar feat was accomplished on February 23, 1943 by Alexander Matrosov. All those who accomplished such feats before and after Matrosov were called sailors, and Pankratov was the first sailor. Worse not come up with, but it's a fact. If we call such heroes somehow, they should be called Pankratovites. After all, the first in the history of the war a feat of self-sacrifice, covering the enemy’s machine gun with his chest, he accomplished - Alexander Pankratov.

Heroism of the defenders of Sevastopol.

The defenders of Sevastopol showed unprecedented courage and steadfastness. October 30, 1941 The battles were of an unusually fierce nature. The defenders of Sevastopol fought to the death, but did not surrender to the enemy: “Fight the enemy in Sevastopol style, to the last drop of blood!”

In the note of the sailor-machine gunner “My Motherland! Russian land! I, the son of the Lenin Komsomol, his pupil, fought as my heart prompted, destroyed reptiles, while my heart was beating in my chest. I'm dying, but I know that we will win. The enemy will not be in Sevastopol! Sailors of the Black Sea! Hold on tight! Destroy the fascist rabid dogs!”

During a heavy battle for one of the heights, many sailors were shell-shocked or wounded. And although paratroopers approached, brought ammunition, some food and water, the forces were clearly unequal. But only on December 20, when only three wounded sailors survived, did the Nazis manage to capture the bunker and take control of the height. Courageous Black Sea residents destroyed several German tanks with bottles of flammable liquid. And when the supply of bottles with a combustible mixture was used up, they were tied with grenades and thrown under the tanks.

At the end of 1941, German troops broke through to Leningrad. All Leningraders who were able to hold weapons in their hands joined the ranks of the army. Seven hundred thousand young people were building a belt of fortifications around the city.

The feat of the submarine "Sch-408".

Not only foot soldiers, but also sailors fought heroically for Leningrad. Of the submarines that tried in the spring of 1943 to break into the expanses of the Baltic, some died. The fate of the Shch-408 submarine under the command of Lieutenant Commander P.S. Kuzmin is known. On May 25, 1943, the Shch-408 submarine under the command of Lieutenant Commander Pavel Kuzmin tried for three days to overcome German nets and mines exposed in the Waindlo Island area on the way from the Gulf of Finland to the Baltic Sea. The battery ran out, the air supply ran out, people began to suffocate and lose consciousness. From fuel tanks damaged by mine explosions, solarium bubbles floated to the surface and burst. On these spots, the submarine was discovered by enemy aircraft and boats.

The commander of the ship, Pavel Kuzmin, a native of the city of Grozny, reported on the difficult situation that had arisen to the command post of the fleet. Then he ordered to blow out the tanks of the main ballast and go to the ascent. The submarine was immediately surrounded by enemy torpedo boats and opened fire on it. Pavel Kuzmin climbed onto the bridge and called the artillery crew onto the deck. The boat, being on the surface, entered into an unequal battle. And a radio message went ashore with a request to urgently send planes. Three aviation groups of the 71st regiment took off from naval airfields to help the submariners, four of our planes were shot down, but the efforts were in vain - the pilots were late.

"Sch-408" was able to hit two enemy boats with artillery fire. And when the shells ran out, she went under water without lowering the flag.

Defense of Moscow.

The heroic defense of Kyiv, Leningrad, Odessa, Sevastopol and Smolensk was of great importance for the disruption of the fascist plan for a "blitzkrieg" and for the defense of Moscow.

In preparation for the capture of Moscow, Hitler gave an ominous, barbaric directive: “The city must be surrounded so that not a single Russian soldier, not a single inhabitant - be it a man, a woman, a child - could leave it. Any attempt to suppress by force. Make the necessary preparations so that Moscow and its environs, with the help of huge structures, are flooded with water. Where Moscow stands today, a sea must arise that will forever hide the capital of the Russian people from the civilized world.

In the historic battle for Moscow, the main blow was taken by the rifle divisions of I.V. Panfilov, the group of troops of General L.M. Dovator, the 1st Guards Tank Brigade of M.E. Katukov.

316th Infantry Division under the command of General Panfilov was the force that was supposed to not let the enemy through in the Volokolamsk direction. The last echelon of fighters from the area of ​​Kresttsov and Borovichi arrived at the Volokolamsk station on October 11, 1941. There was no prepared defense, just as there were no other troops.

The division took up defensive positions on the 41st kilometer front from Ruza to Lotoshino and immediately began to create centers of resistance on the likely directions of the enemy's attack. Ivan Vasilievich Panfilov was sure that the enemy would bet on tanks as the main strike force. But ... “A brave and skillful tank is not afraid,” said Panfilov.

“We will not surrender to the enemy of Moscow,” I.V. Panfilov wrote to his wife Maria Ivanovna, “we destroy the reptile by the thousands, hundreds of its tanks. The division is fighting well...” Only from October 20 to October 27, the 316th rifle division knocked out and burned 80 tanks, more than nine thousand enemy soldiers and officers were destroyed.

Exhausting battles did not stop, by the end of October the front of the division was already 20 kilometers - from the Dubosekovo junction to the settlement of Teryaevo. Having brought up new forces, replacing the broken divisions with new ones and concentrating more than 350 tanks against Panfilov's division, by mid-November the enemy was ready for a general offensive. “We will have breakfast in Volokolamsk, and we will have dinner in Moscow,” the Nazis calculated.

On the right flank, the 1077th regiment of the rifle division held the defense, in the center were two battalions of the 1073rd regiment of Major Elin, on the left flank, in the most critical section of Dubosekovo - Nelidovo, seven kilometers southeast of Volokolamsk, was the 1075th Regiment of Colonel Ilya Vasilyevich Kaprov. It was against him that the main forces of the enemy were concentrated, trying to break through to the Volokolamsk highway and to the railway.

On November 16, 1941, the enemy offensive began. The battle that a group of tank destroyers of the 4th company of the 2nd battalion of the 1075th regiment, led by political instructor Vasily Georgievich Klochkov, gave at night near Dubosekovo, entered all history books. For four hours, the Panfilovites held back the tanks and infantry of the enemy. They repulsed several enemy attacks and destroyed 18 tanks. Most of the legendary warriors who accomplished this unprecedented feat, including Vasily Klochkov, died that night the death of the brave. The rest (D.F. Timofeev, G.M. Shemyakin, I.D. Shadrin, D.A. Kozhubergenov and I.R. Vasiliev) were seriously wounded. The battle near Dubosekovo went down in history as a feat of 28 Panfilov soldiers, all its participants in 1942 were awarded the title of heroes of the Soviet Union by the Soviet command ...

The Panfilovites became a terrible curse for the Nazis, and there were legends about the strength and courage of the heroes. On November 17, 1941, the 316th Rifle Division was renamed the 8th Guards Rifle Division and awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Hundreds of guardsmen were awarded orders and medals.

On November 19, the division lost its commander ... 36 days fought under the command of General I.V. Panfilov 316th Rifle Division, defending the capital in the main direction. Even during his lifetime, the soldiers of the division in fierce battles destroyed over 30 thousand fascist soldiers and officers and more than 150 tanks.

Having not achieved decisive successes in the Volokolamsk direction, the main enemy forces turned to Solnechnogorsk, where they intended to break through first to Leningradskoye, then to Dmitrovskoye highway and enter Moscow from the northwest.

partisan movement.

Serious assistance to the Soviet Army was provided by partisans operating behind enemy lines.

During combat operations, partisan detachments of Mozhaysky, Volokolamsky, Lotoshinsky, Ruzsky and other districts of the Moscow region distinguished themselves.

Performed an immortal feat heroine Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya . On November 29, 1941, in the village of Petrishchevo near Moscow, the Germans hanged the partisan Tanya, who set fire to the stable with German horses. Under the name Tanya, the Moscow schoolgirl Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was hiding, posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for her feat. The Germans did not catch the partisan themselves, she was betrayed by her comrade and peer, who walked with her on the fateful night of November 26, who at the same time was supposed to throw his incendiary bottle. He chickened out at the last minute, he was afraid of being hanged by the Germans, but was shot by the Russians.
Vasily Klubkov chickened out and was caught. Zoya was not afraid, she did her job and went to the appointed place. She could have gone further into the depths of the forest, but she did not want to leave her comrade in danger. Zoya trustingly waited for Klubkov, but instead of him, the German soldiers sent by him came to the edge.
Zoya was interrogated in the presence of Klubkov. She refused to identify herself, refused to answer where and why she came. She said that she did not know Klubkov and that she was seeing him for the first time.
Then the officer looked at Klubkov. Klubkov said: “She is lying, we are from the same detachment. We carried out the task together. Her name is Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya ...”
The story with Klubkov not only explained how the Germans established the true name of the partisan Tanya, but also made it pointless to interrogate her by the Germans. Indeed, from the traitor, the enemies have already learned the name and real biography of the heroine, and the location of the partisan detachment. And Zoya's feat was measured not by the damage inflicted on the enemy, but by moral superiority over him, expressed in the refusal to buy life or at least an easy death at the cost of betrayal.
Klubkov, sent as a German agent to Moscow, either turned himself in to confess, or was exposed as an enemy spy. He was shot according to the laws of war. Obviously, before his death, the traitor told about Zoya's last hours.
Here are excerpts from Peter Lidov's essay:
"... And so Zoya was brought in, pointed to the bunk. She sat down. Opposite her on the table were telephones, a typewriter, a radio, and staff papers were laid out.
The officers began to arrive. The owners of the house (the Voronins) were ordered to leave. The old woman hesitated, and the officer shouted: "Uterine, fyut!" and pushed her in the back.
The commander of the 332nd Infantry Regiment of the 197th Division, Lieutenant Colonel Rüderer himself interrogated Zoya.
Sitting in the kitchen, the Voronins could still hear what was going on in the room. The officer asked questions, and Zoya (here she called herself Tanya) answered them without hesitation, loudly and boldly.
- Who you are? asked the lieutenant colonel.
- I will not say.
- Did you set the stable on fire?
- Yes I.
- Your goal?
- Destroy you.
Pause.
- When did you cross the front line?
- On Friday.
- You got there too fast.
- Well, yawn, or what?
Zoya was asked about who sent her and who was with her. They demanded that she betray her friends. Answers came through the door: "no," "I don't know," "I won't tell," "no." Then straps whistled in the air, and one could hear how they whipped the body. A few minutes later a young officer ran out of the room into the kitchen, buried his head in his hands, and sat like that until the end of the interrogation, closing his eyes and plugging his ears. Even the nerves of the fascist could not stand it ... Four hefty men, taking off their belts, beat the girl. The owners of the house counted two hundred blows, but Zoya did not make a single sound. And then again she answered: "no", "I will not say"; only her voice sounded more muffled than before...
Non-commissioned officer Karl Bauerlein (later taken prisoner) was present at the torture that Lieutenant Colonel Rüderer subjected Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya to. In his testimony, he wrote:
"The little heroine of your people remained firm. She did not know what betrayal was ... She turned blue from the cold, her wounds were bleeding, but she did not say anything."
Zoya spent two hours in the Voronins' hut. After interrogation, she was taken to the hut of Vasily Kulik. She walked under escort, still undressed, walking barefoot in the snow.
When she was brought into Kulik's hut, she had a large bluish-black spot on her forehead and abrasions on her legs and arms. She was breathing heavily, her hair was disheveled, and black strands were matted on a high forehead covered with drops of sweat. The girl's hands were tied behind with a rope, her lips were bitten into blood and swollen. She probably bit them when they wanted to extract a confession by torture.
She sat down on a bench. A German sentry stood at the door. She sat quietly and motionless, then asked for a drink. Vasily Kulik was about to go up to the tub of water, but the sentry was ahead of him, grabbed a lamp from the table and brought Zoya to his mouth. He wanted to say by this that it is necessary to drink kerosene, not water.
Kulik began to ask for the girl. The sentry snapped, but then reluctantly gave in and allowed Zoya to get drunk. She greedily drank two large mugs.
The soldiers who lived in the hut surrounded the girl and laughed loudly. Some poked with their fists, others raised lighted matches to their chins, and someone ran a saw across her back.
Having had their fill, the soldiers went to bed. Then the sentry threw his rifle at the ready and ordered Zoya to get up and leave the house. He walked down the street from behind, putting the bayonet almost close to her back. Then he shouted: "Tsuryuk!" - and led the girl in the opposite direction. Barefooted, in only her underwear, she walked in the snow until the tormentor himself was cold and decided that it was time to return to a warm shelter.
This sentry guarded Zoya from ten o'clock in the evening until two o'clock in the morning, and every hour he took her out into the street for fifteen to twenty minutes...
Finally, a new sentry took over. The unfortunate was allowed to lie down on the bench. Seizing a moment, Praskovya Kulik spoke to Zoya.
- Whose will you be? she asked.
- And why do you need it?
- From where?
- I am from Moscow.
- Do you have parents?
The girl didn't answer. She lay until morning without moving, saying nothing more and not even groaning, although her legs were frostbitten and, apparently, were in great pain.
In the morning the soldiers began to build a gallows in the middle of the village.
Praskovya spoke to the girl again:
- The day before yesterday - was that you?
- I... Did the Germans burn down?
- Not.
- It's a pity. What burned down?
- Their horses burned down. They say - the weapon burned down ...
At ten o'clock in the morning the officers came. One of them asked Zoya again:
- Tell me: who are you?
Zoya didn't answer.
The owners of the house did not hear the continuation of the interrogation: they were pushed out of the house and let in when the interrogation was already over.
They brought Zoya's things: a blouse, trousers, stockings. There was also her duffel bag, and in it were matches and salt. The hat, fur jacket, downy knitted jersey and boots are gone. The non-commissioned officers managed to divide them among themselves, and the mittens went to the red-haired cook from the officer's kitchen.
They dressed Zoya, and the owners helped her to pull the stockings over her blackened legs. Bottles of gasoline taken from her and a board with the inscription: "Pyro" were hung on her chest. So they took them to the square where the gallows stood.
The place of execution was surrounded by ten horsemen with drawn sabers, more than a hundred German soldiers and several officers. Local residents were ordered to gather and be present at the execution, but few of them came, and some, having come and stood, quietly went home so as not to be witnesses to the terrible spectacle.
Under the loop lowered from the crossbar, two boxes were placed one on top of the other. The girl was lifted up, placed on a box and a noose was thrown around her neck. One of the officers began to point the lens of his kodak at the gallows. The commandant made a sign to the soldiers who were performing the duty of executioners to wait.
Zoya took advantage of this and, turning to the collective farmers and collective farmers, shouted in a loud and clear voice:
- Hey, comrades! What are you looking at sadly? Be bolder, fight, beat the Nazis, burn, poison!
The fascist standing next to him swung his hand and wanted either to hit her or to clamp her mouth, but she pushed his hand away and continued:
- I'm not afraid to die, comrades! It is happiness to die for your people!
The photographer had taken the gallows from a distance and close up, and now he moved in to photograph it from the side. The executioners looked uneasily at the commandant, who called out to the photographer:
- Aber doh shneller! (Hurry!)
Then Zoya turned towards the commandant and shouted to him and the German soldiers:
- You hang me now, but I'm not alone. There are two hundred million of us, you can't outweigh everyone. You will be avenged for me. Soldiers! Before it's too late, surrender: all the same, victory will be ours!
The executioner pulled up the rope, and the noose squeezed Zoya's throat. But she parted the noose with both hands, raised herself on her toes and shouted, straining with all her strength:
- Farewell, comrades! Fight, don't be afraid...
The executioner rested his forged shoe on the box, which creaked on the slippery, trampled snow. The top drawer fell down and thudded to the ground. The crowd recoiled. Someone's scream rang out and died away, and the echo repeated it at the edge of the forest ... "

Defense of Stalingrad.

In 1942, German troops broke through to the North Caucasus and launched an offensive in the Stalingrad direction.

The defense of Stalingrad was entrusted to the 62nd Army of General V.I. Chuikov. The whole world knows the words of the legendary hero, uttered by him when he was appointed commander of the army: "I understand the task very well, I will carry out the task, but in general I will either die or Stalingrad sucks."

Every great battle gives birth to its heroes. The Battle of Stalingrad is unparalleled in history.

Soviet pilots fought valiantly in continuous air battles with the enemy. The crew of the pilot N. Divichenko , who made three sorties daily, on December 21, 1942 he went on a solitary hunt. Having dropped bombs on an enemy airfield in the Morozovskaya area, the plane was damaged and returned on one engine. Then the second engine was damaged by anti-aircraft fire and caught fire. There was a massive explosion in the car. The navigator's cabin was torn off, and he jumped out on a parachute. Divichenko and the shooters died.

Former student of GITIS Natasha Kachuevskaya , who voluntarily went to the front, on the Stalingrad front as a nurse, seemed to accomplish an incredible feat. After a long battle, 20 people were wounded. Kachuevskaya carried them out along with weapons, provided first aid, and, on the orders of the commander, took several seriously wounded to the medical battalion. Suddenly she noticed a group of German submachine gunners who had infiltrated our rear. They followed the car. Natasha transferred the wounded to the dugout, and she herself, armed with rifles and grenades, took refuge nearby. The Nazis surrounded the dugout. With well-aimed shots, she disabled two Nazis, but she herself was mortally wounded. Gathering the last of her strength, Natasha inserted fuses into grenades and blew them up at the moment when at least a dozen fascists came close to her. Some of them were killed, others were wounded. Natasha Kachuevskaya also died, but the wounded were saved. They were taken to the hospital by the soldiers of the neighboring company who came to the rescue.

On February 2, 1943, the grandiose battle near Stalingrad ended. This major battle marked the turning point in the course of the Great Patriotic War, and the strategic initiative from that moment passed to the side of the Soviet command.

The largest battle of World War II was the Battle of Kursk.

The exploits of Soviet patriots.

The annals of the Great Patriotic War record hundreds of thousands of remarkable deeds of Soviet patriots.

Komsomolskaya Pravda Galina Kyiv in the winter of 1942, she ended up at the front near Staraya Russa as a company political instructor. In battle, she was seriously wounded, and the medical commission declared her unfit for military service. But, having recovered from the wound, the patriot again rushed to the front. And with the help of the Central Committee of the Komsomol, she received permission. In early May 1943, G. Kievskaya was appointed Komsomol organizer of the battalion of the 125th Infantry Division. During this battle, the attack of our Red Army men bogged down. And at this critical moment, the girl stood up to her full height and shouted “For the Motherland!” rushed forward. The soldiers, carried away by the heroic example of the Komsomol member, got up, the enemy could not withstand such an onslaught and left the height.

2nd year student of the Chuvash Pedagogical Institute Ivan Alekseev , drafted into the Red Army, participated in the battles as an anti-aircraft gunner. After the first wound, he wrote to his sister: “Now I am stronger, I do not complain about my health. And don’t forget your older brother – he shot down many enemy planes with his cannons… Soon, having defeated the enemy, he will return home.” In another letter he gives advice: "Study, read, help the front in any way you can." Having received the news of the death of his brother Vasily, he answered sparingly: “Wait - there is no hope. I will avenge him!”

June 13, 1944 death snatched Ivan Alekseev from the ranks of Soviet soldiers. In his suicide note, he asked to convey the following words to the "gray-haired father": "Your son Vanya fulfilled your father's advice and orders, sparing neither strength nor life itself."

Ludmila Pavlinchenko fought near Odessa and in Sevastopol. Army newspapers, leaflets urged to learn the art of marksmanship from snipers. On the account of Lyudmila there were 309 killed Nazis. At the front, she was wounded, and shell-shocked, and frostbite, but she did not even want to hear about being sent to the rear. For the perfect feat of arms, L. Pavlinchko was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Throughout the vast country, the news of exploits swept "Young Guard" in Krasnodar. True to their oath, the Young Guards carried out a large mass-political work among the population. In total, during the occupation, they issued more than 30 leaflet titles that ended with the words: “Death to the German occupiers!” On the night of November 7, 1942, Komsomol members fixed red flags on a number of buildings in the city. Immediately after the November holidays, the underground organized the escape of 20 prisoners of war from the Pervomaiskaya hospital and freed more than 70 fighters and commanders from the camp on the Volchanok farm.

All Young Guards became a symbol of stamina, greatness of spirit, love for the Motherland and hatred for its enemies.

On January 1, 1943, an unexpected failure occurred - through the fault of a traitor. Arrests and torture began. Underground workers were hung by the neck to the window frame, they were crushed by the door with fingers on their hands and driven needles under their nails, they were beaten with sticks and whips. The office of the investigator, in which the Komsomol members were tortured, looked more like a slaughterhouse, so it was spattered with blood.

On the walls of the prison cells, they left farewell inscriptions that testify to the stamina and courage of the Young Guards.

I.A. Zemnukhov wrote: “Dear mom and dad! Everything must be endured! Greetings from the loving son of Zemnukhov. L. Shevtsova's inscription was laconic and tragic: "Farewell, mother, your daughter Lyubka is leaving for the damp earth."

January 30, 1945 Soviet submarine "S-13" under the command of the captain of the 3rd rank A.I. Marinesko performed a truly heroic deed. She tracked down the German liner Wilhelm Gustow, which was transporting more than 6 thousand Nazis from Danzig to Kiel. Despite the raging storm, an hour before midnight, our submarine attacked an enemy ship. Several torpedoes, one after another, quickly rushed to the target. After a strong explosion, the liner was blown up.

Young communist pilot A.K. Gorovets in the area of ​​​​the village of Zasorinye, he entered into battle with 20 enemy bombers, shot down 9 of them. The rest, throwing bombs, turned back. It has never happened in aviation that a pilot shot down nine enemy planes in one air battle! Communist A.K. Gorovets, who died in this unequal battle, was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Komsomolets Guards Junior Lieutenant A.A. Derevianko wrote to his mother: I will perish, only heroically. And he stayed true to his vow. In the battle near Belgorod, Derevianko knocked out three Tiger tanks. A few minutes later, more tanks went to his anti-aircraft gun. With the exclamation “We are Russians! We won't back down!" Derevianko knocked out another tank. Not having time to load the gun, the Soviet patriot was crushed by the tank tracks. The courageous artilleryman was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

In 1939 senior lieutenantA. I. Pokryshkin graduates with excellent marks from the aviation school and leaves for Kirovograd, in the 55th Fighter Aviation Regiment. Here his flying biography began. Pokryshkin met the war in Moldova. And already on June 23 he opens an account - he knocks down the first Me -109. On July 3, already having several victories in the air, he was shot down by anti-aircraft fire over the Prut River. The plane was destroyed during landing at the edge of the forest. The pilot, despite the damage to his leg, managed to get to the location of the regiment on the fourth day.

On October 5, 1941, in the Zaporozhye region, Pokryshkin was shot down a second time. For several days he leaves the encirclement with battles at the head of a group of soldiers.

At the end of 1941, Pokryshkin's main combat work was a scout capable of providing reliable information to the command of the Southern Front. In November, in conditions when the lower edge of the clouds dropped to 30 meters, on a strafing flight, Pokryshkin alone (before that, two I-16 fighters flew out with the same task and did not return) finds the main grouping of the general’s tank army in the Rostov-on-Don region von Kleist - more than 200 cars. For this feat he was awarded the Order of Lenin.

The air battle began in the Kuban. The 16th Guards Regiment gained particular fame, the first squadron of which was commanded by Alexander Pokryshkin. On April 12, in one of the very first battles upon arrival in the Kuban, he shot down four Messerschmitts in front of the commander of the Air Force of the front, Lieutenant General K. A. Vershinin. For this success, the innovative pilot was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. A few weeks later, the name of Pokryshkin was already thundering in the front-line and central press. May 24, 1943 A. I. Pokryshkin was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The legendary battle on April 29, 1943, in which he shot down 5 bombers, is widely known. In the essay "The Master of the Sky - Alexander Pokryshkin", front-line correspondents A. Malyshko and A. Verkholetov wrote: "Does he shoot? - friends say about him. - He leans with all the fire, burns like a blast furnace." All firing points on Pokryshkin's car were transferred to one trigger. Four against 50, three against 23, alone against 8, Pokryshkin entered the fray. And never knew defeat. Possessing a clear style, A. I. Pokryshkin himself writes articles in the military press, where he writes about the famous "thunderstorm formula" he created: "Height - speed - maneuver - fire!", About the "Kuban whatnot", about the "falcon strike" , about a new method of patrolling at high speeds on the principle of the movement of the clock pendulum and other tactical innovations. "A feat requires thought, skill and risk" - such was the credo of the legendary pilot, whom the Hero of the Soviet Union famous pilot

and the writer M. L. Gallai accurately called "a thinker in our business."

In February 1944, a call to high authorities followed. The illustrious ace is offered a general position as head of the combat training department of the Air Force fighter aviation. Pokryshkin refuses promotion without hesitation and returns to the front. In March 1944, Pokryshkin became commander of the 16th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (4th Ukrainian Front).

On July 8, 1944, he received the rank of colonel and was appointed commander of the 9th Guards Fighter Aviation Division.

On August 9, 1944, for 550 sorties and 53 downed aircraft, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the third time. A. I. Pokryshkin became the first to be awarded this title, and remained the only Hero three times until the day of Victory over Germany.

Officially for Pokryshkin - 650 sorties and 59 personally shot down aircraft.

Conclusion.

On May 9, 1945, the Soviet people, all progressive mankind celebrated a great holiday - Victory Day, which announced the end of the most bloody war.

The rejoicing of our people on this "holiday with tears in their eyes" knew no bounds. The terrible bloodshed ended, and a new, peaceful life began.

Young people were in the forefront of the warriors who fought on land, sea and in the air. The illustrious Soviet commander G.K. Zhukov speaks with unusual warmth about the heroism and courage of young soldiers: “Many times I saw how the soldiers went on the attack. It is not easy to rise to height when the deadly metal is pierced through the air. But they got up! But many of them barely recognized the taste of life: 19-20 years old is the best age for a person - everything is ahead! And for them, very often, there was only a German dugout ahead, spewing machine-gun fire!

We also won because the guns, in tanks, on planes were those whose energy, unquenchable passion for a feat in the name of saving the Motherland worked wonders.

During the war years, 7 thousand pupils of the Youth Union became Heroes of the Soviet Union, 60 Komsomol members were awarded this title twice. The 9 million young men and women who joined the Komsomol during the war years made an invaluable contribution to the achievement of the Victory by their military and labor exploits.

Let's bow to those great years,

Theme glorious commanders and fighters.

And marshals of the country and privates,

Let's bow to the dead and the living, -

To all those who must not be forgotten,

Let's bow, bow, friends.

With the whole world, with all the people, with the whole Earth -

Bow down for that great fight.

. Alexander Vert. Russia in the War of 1941-1945 Progress Publishing House.

Moscow 1967

Bibliography:

The exploits of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War

CHEREPANOV SERGEY MIKHAILOVICH (1916-1944) - Hero Soviet Union. Born on July 16, 1916 in the Vologda region. Lived and worked in the village. Novy Bor of the Ust-Tsilemsky district of the Komi ASSR. He went to the front as a volunteer in August 1942. Participated in battles on the Volkhov and Leningrad fronts.

On January 24, 1944, the commander of the 1249th Infantry Regiment of the 377th Infantry Division (59th Army, Leningrad Front) Cherepanov S.M. was the first to break into the village of Poddubie (Novgorod Region) and destroyed an enemy machine gun with a grenade. He was wounded in the chest, but did not leave the battlefield. After several Nazi counterattacks, Sergeant Cherepanov was left alone - his comrades were killed. With well-aimed fire from a machine gun, he continued to destroy the invaders, pressing from all sides. And when the cartridges ran out, he blew himself up and the enemies around him with the last grenade. It happened on January 24, 1944. S. M. Cherepanov was buried in the village. Poddubie, Novgorod region

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 5, 1944, Sergeant S. M. Cherepanov (posthumously) was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

In the village A bust of the Hero was installed in Novy Bor, one of the streets of the village was named after him.

CHERKASOV ALEXEY IVANOVICH (1914-1980) - The hero of the USSR. Born in Moscow in a working class family, brought up in an orphanage. He graduated from the factory school, worked as a turner. Before the war, on a Komsomol ticket, he came to the Komi ASSR to build the North Pechora Railway. He worked as a worker at the Kozhva railway station. In 1942Kozhvinsky district military registration and enlistment office (now Pechora city) was drafted into the Red Army, became a military sapper.

On the front of the Great Patriotic War from February 1943, he built crossings, cleared passages in minefields for tanks, artillery, infantry near Voronezh, in the Battle of Kursk, in battles for Ukraine, in Hungary, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Austria. Commanding a detachment of the 392nd engineer battalion (232nd rifle division, Voronezh front), senior sergeant Cherkasov showed heroism when crossing the Dnieper near Vyshgorod (Kyiv region). He was one of the first in the battalion in early October 1943, at night, under enemy fire, ferried his squad across the Dnieper by boat and firmly entrenched himself on the right bank of the river. By diverting the enemy's fire, he contributed to the successful start of the crossing of the river. He boldly acted on the crossing itself, promptly repairing watercraft, thereby ensuring the consolidation of units on the right-bank bridgehead.

On January 10, 1944, Senior Sergeant A. I. Cherkasov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal. He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, and medals.

After demobilization in 1945, he lived in the mining town of Gorskoe (Donbass). He worked in coal mines, led a mining team. Died 08/07/1980. Buried in Gorskoe.

BABIKOV MAKAR ANDREEVICH - The hero of the USSR. Born in 1921 in the village. Ust-Tsilma Komi ASSR in a peasant family. Russian. He studied at the Ust-Tsilemsk secondary school, worked as a primary school teacher, then in the district committee of the Komsomol. From 1939 he served in the Northern Navy. Communist.

Participated in the Great Patriotic War from the beginning to the end of hostilities. He bravely acted in all combat and reconnaissance campaigns of the special reconnaissance detachment of the Northern Fleet behind enemy lines. In 1943, commanding a platoon in reconnaissance, he destroyed a convoy of an enemy anti-aircraft regiment, captured prisoners and provided the command with important information. He smashed the garrisons on the shores of the Barents Sea. At Cape Krestovy, he captured an artillery battery and inflicted great damage on the enemy in manpower.

In August 1945, he actively participated in the war with imperialist Japan as part of a separate reconnaissance detachment of the Pacific Fleet, commanded a platoon of paratroopers in operations to capture the South Korean ports of Yuki, Rasin and others. He distinguished himself by heroism in the operation to capture the city of Seishin. Having landed from torpedo boats, the paratroopers quickly broke into the city. Babikov's platoon captured the railway and highway bridge across the river, destroyed more than 50 soldiers, 6 vehicles. For more than 18 hours, the paratroopers held out, repelling continuous enemy attacks. Babikov fearlessly acted in other battles to hold Seishin until the main landing force approached. On September 14, 1945 Babikov M.A. was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal. He was awarded two orders of the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, the Order of the Red Star, the Badge of Honor and medals.

In 1946, Chief Petty Officer Babikov M.A. was transferred to the reserve. He graduated from the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the CPSU, worked in the Komsomol, party, Soviet work, in the KGB. Lives in Moscow, retired colonel, pensioner

SHEVELEV ANTON ANTONOVICH (1918-1981) - The hero of the USSR. Born in the village of Neivo-Shaytanovka, Alapaevsky district, Sverdlovsk region, in the family of a peasant-otkhodnik. He spent his childhood in his father's homeland in the village. Mordino, Kortkerossky district, Komi ASSR.Graduated from the Bataysk Civil Aviation School.

On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War since 1942 - in the 455th (30th Guards) Aviation Regiment of Long-Range Bomber Aviation. By October 1944, Guard Captain Shevelev made 222 sorties for bombing behind enemy lines, 103 times participated in the bombing of large enemy targets on the instructions of the command of the Volkhov, Leningrad, Kalinin, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Belorussian fronts.

On March 16, 1943, Shevelev's plane, which took off on a mission, was attacked by an enemy fighter. The plane received 30 holes, became difficult to control. The radio operator and gunner were wounded. However, A. A. Shevelev, having shown exceptional courage, reached the goal and successfully completed the task, masterfully landed the aircraft on one wheel at his airfield, saved the aircraft and the lives of the crew members.

On November 5, 1944, Captain A. A. Shevelev was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal. He was awarded two Orders of the Red Banner of War, Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, and medals.

In May 1945, Major A. A. Shevelev was demobilized after a severe wound to the guard. After the war, he graduated in absentia from the Ural Forest Engineering Institute, postgraduate studies. Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, worked as a university teacher, died on May 10, 1981, was buried in Sverdlovsk.

GAVRILOV IVAN SAMSONOVYCH (1913-1944) - The hero of the USSR. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1939. Born in the village. Makeevka (now a city in the Donetsk region) in a miner's family. Russian. Graduated from mining school. He worked at the mines in the Donbass, atSvalbard, Karaganda.

In June 1942, among the volunteer miners from Karaganda, he came to the North to develop the Pechora coal basin. He worked in Vorkuta as an assistant to the head of the section of mine No. 1/2, then as the head of the section of mine No. 4.

Drafted into the Red Army in March 1943 by the Kozhvinsky district military commissariat. He fought from April 1943 as part of the 1318th Infantry Regiment of the 163rd Romensko-Kyiv Division. In October 1943, commander I.S. Gavrilov, with the soldiers of his squad, were among the first to secretly cross from the enemy to the right bank of the Dnieper in the Zhukovka region (the southern outskirts of Kyiv). With a sudden throw, they knocked out the Nazis from their positions and, diverting fire on themselves, helped other units successfully cross the Dnieper.

For the skillful command of the squad in battle, for repelling five counterattacks of superior enemy forces and for the courage and heroism shown at the same time, I.S. Gavrilov was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on October 29, 1943 with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal. He was awarded the medal "For Courage". In one of the battles, I.S. Gavrilov was seriously wounded and died on January 2, 1944 in a front-line hospital. Buried in the village Stavische, Kyiv region.

The war demanded from the people the greatest exertion of strength and huge sacrifices on a national scale, revealed the steadfastness and courage of the Soviet man, the ability to sacrifice himself in the name of the freedom and independence of the Motherland. During the war years, heroism became widespread, became the norm for the behavior of Soviet people. Thousands of soldiers and officers immortalized their names in the defense of the Brest Fortress, Odessa, Sevastopol, Kyiv, Leningrad, Novorossiysk, in the battle of Moscow, Stalingrad, Kursk, in the North Caucasus, the Dnieper, in the foothills of the Carpathians, during the storming of Berlin and in other battles.

For heroic deeds in the Great Patriotic War, more than 11 thousand people were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (some of them posthumously), 104 of them twice, three three times (G.K. Zhukov, I.N. Kozhedub and A.I. Pokryshkin ). During the war years, this title was first awarded to Soviet pilots M.P. Zhukov, S.I. Zdorovtsev and P.T. Kharitonov, who rammed Nazi planes on the outskirts of Leningrad.

In total, over eight thousand heroes were brought up in the ground forces in wartime, including 1800 artillerymen, 1142 tankmen, 650 engineering troops, over 290 signalmen, 93 air defense soldiers, 52 soldiers of the military rear, 44 doctors; in the Air Force - over 2400 people; in the Navy - over 500 people; partisans, underground workers and Soviet intelligence agents - about 400; border guards - over 150 people.

Among the Heroes of the Soviet Union are representatives of most of the nations and nationalities of the USSR

Representatives of the nations	Number of heroes
Russians	8160
Ukrainians	2069
Belarusians	309
Tatars	161
Jews	108
Kazakhs	96
Georgian	90
Armenians	90
Uzbeks	69
Mordovians	61
Chuvash	44
Azerbaijanis	43
Bashkirs	39
Ossetians	32
Tajiks	14
Turkmens	18
Lithokians	15
Latvians	13
Kyrgyz	12
Udmurts	10
Karelians	8
Estonians	8
Kalmyks	8
Kabardians	7
Adyghe	6
Abkhazians	5
Yakuts	3
Moldovans	2
results	11501

Among the military personnel awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, privates, sergeants, foremen - over 35%, officers - about 60%, generals, admirals, marshals - over 380 people. There are 87 women among the Wartime Heroes of the Soviet Union. The first to receive this title was Z. A. Kosmodemyanskaya (posthumously).

About 35% of the Heroes of the Soviet Union at the time of awarding the title were under the age of 30, 28% - from 30 to 40 years old, 9% - over 40 years old.

Four Heroes of the Soviet Union: artilleryman A. V. Aleshin, pilot I. G. Drachenko, commander of a rifle platoon P. Kh. Dubinda, artilleryman N. I. Kuznetsov - were also awarded Orders of Glory of all three degrees for military exploits. More than 2,500 people, including 4 women, became full holders of the Order of Glory of three degrees. During the war, over 38 million orders and medals were awarded to the defenders of the Motherland for courage and heroism. The motherland highly appreciated the labor feat of the Soviet people in the rear. During the war years, the title of Hero of Socialist Labor was awarded to 201 people, about 200 thousand were awarded orders and medals.

Viktor Vasilievich Talalikhin

Born September 18, 1918 in the village. Teplovka, Volsky district, Saratov region. Russian. After graduating from the factory school, he worked at the Moscow meat processing plant, at the same time he studied at the flying club. He graduated from the Borisoglebokoe military aviation school for pilots. He took part in the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940. He made 47 sorties, shot down 4 Finnish aircraft, for which he was awarded the Order of the Red Star (1940).

In the battles of the Great Patriotic War since June 1941. Made more than 60 sorties. In the summer and autumn of 1941, he fought near Moscow. For military distinctions he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner (1941) and the Order of Lenin.

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal was awarded to Viktor Vasilievich Talalikhin by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 8, 1941 for the first night ramming of an enemy bomber in the history of aviation.

Soon Talalikhin was appointed squadron commander, he was awarded the rank of lieutenant. The glorious pilot participated in many air battles near Moscow, shot down five more enemy aircraft personally and one in a group. He died a heroic death in an unequal battle with Nazi fighters on October 27, 1941.

Buried V.V. Talalikhin with military honors at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow. By order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR dated August 30, 1948, he was forever included in the lists of the first squadron of the fighter aviation regiment, in which he fought the enemy near Moscow.

Streets in Kaliningrad, Volgograd, Borisoglebsk, Voronezh region and other cities, a sea vessel, GPTU No. 100 in Moscow, and a number of schools were named after Talalikhin. An obelisk was erected on the 43rd kilometer of the Varshavskoye Highway, over which an unprecedented night duel took place. A monument was erected in Podolsk, in Moscow - a bust of the Hero.

Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub

(1920-1991), air marshal (1985), Hero of the Soviet Union (1944 - twice; 1945). During the Great Patriotic War in fighter aviation, the squadron commander, deputy regiment commander, conducted 120 air battles; shot down 62 aircraft.

Three times Hero of the Soviet Union Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub on La-7 shot down 17 enemy aircraft (including the Me-262 jet fighter) out of 62 shot down by him during the war on La fighters. One of the most memorable battles Kozhedub fought on February 19, 1945 (sometimes the date is February 24).

On this day, he flew out on a free hunt paired with Dmitry Titarenko. On the traverse of the Oder, the pilots noticed an aircraft rapidly approaching from the direction of Frankfurt an der Oder. The plane was flying along the riverbed at an altitude of 3500 m at a speed much greater than the La-7 could develop. It was Me-262. Kozhedub instantly made a decision. The Me-262 pilot relied on the speed qualities of his car and did not control the airspace in the rear hemisphere and below. Kozhedub attacked from below on a head-on course, hoping to hit the jet in the belly. However, Titarenko opened fire before Kozhedub. To the considerable surprise of Kozhedub, the premature firing of the wingman was beneficial.

The German turned to the left, towards Kozhedub, the latter had only to catch the Messerschmitt in the sight and press the trigger. Me-262 turned into a fireball. In the cockpit of the Me 262 was non-commissioned officer Kurt-Lange from 1. / KG (J) -54.

On the evening of April 17, 1945, Kozhedub and Titarenko flew their fourth combat sortie to the Berlin area in a day. Immediately after crossing the front line north of Berlin, the hunters discovered a large group of FW-190s with suspended bombs. Kozhedub began to gain altitude for the attack and reported to the command post about establishing contact with a group of forty Focke-Vulvof with suspended bombs. German pilots clearly saw how a pair of Soviet fighters went into the clouds and did not expect that they would appear again. However, the hunters showed up.

Behind from the top, in the first attack, Kozhedub shot down the leader of the four fokkers that closed the group. The hunters sought to give the enemy the impression of the presence of a significant number of Soviet fighters in the air. Kozhedub threw his La-7 right into the thick of the enemy aircraft, turning Lavochkin left and right, the ace fired cannons in short bursts. The Germans succumbed to the trick - the Focke-Wulfs began to free them from bombs that interfered with air combat. However, the Luftwaffe pilots soon established the presence of only two La-7s in the air and, taking advantage of the numerical advantage, took the guards into circulation. One FW-190 managed to get into the tail of the Kozhedub fighter, but Titarenko opened fire before the German pilot - the Focke-Wulf exploded in the air.

By this time, help had arrived - the La-7 group from the 176th regiment, Titarenko and Kozhedub were able to get out of the battle on the last remaining fuel. On the way back, Kozhedub saw a single FW-190, which was still trying to drop bombs on Soviet troops. Ace dived and shot down an enemy plane. It was the last, 62nd, German aircraft shot down by the best Allied fighter pilot.

Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub also distinguished himself in the Battle of Kursk.

Kozhedub's total score does not include at least two aircraft - American R-51 Mustang fighters. In one of the battles in April, Kozhedub tried to drive off German fighters from the American Flying Fortress with cannon fire. US Air Force escort fighters misunderstood the intentions of the La-7 pilot and opened barrage fire from a long distance. Kozhedub, apparently, also mistook the Mustangs for Messers, left the fire with a coup and, in turn, attacked the “enemy”.

He damaged one Mustang (the plane, smoking, left the battlefield and, after flying a little, fell, the pilot jumped out with a parachute), the second R-51 exploded in the air. Only after a successful attack did Kozhedub notice the white stars of the US Air Force on the wings and fuselages of the planes he shot down. After landing, the regiment commander, Colonel Chupikov, advised Kozhedub to keep quiet about the incident and gave him the developed film of the camera gun. The existence of a film with footage of burning Mustangs became known only after the death of the legendary pilot. Detailed biography of the hero on the website: www.warheroes.ru "Unknown Heroes"

Alexey Petrovich Maresyev

Maresyev Aleksey Petrovich fighter pilot, deputy squadron commander of the 63rd Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, Guards Senior Lieutenant.

Born on May 20, 1916 in the city of Kamyshin, Volgograd Region, in a working class family. Russian. At the age of three, he was left without a father, who died shortly after returning from the First World War. After graduating from the 8th grade of secondary school, Alexei entered the FZU, where he received the specialty of a locksmith. Then he applied to the Moscow Aviation Institute, but instead of the institute, he went to build Komsomolsk-on-Amur instead of the institute on a Komsomol ticket. There he sawed wood in the taiga, built barracks, and then the first residential quarters. At the same time he studied at the flying club. He was drafted into the Soviet army in 1937. He served in the 12th aviation border detachment. But, according to Maresyev himself, he did not fly, but "wafted his tails" at the planes. He really took to the air already at the Bataysk Military Aviation Pilot School, which he graduated in 1940. He served as a flight instructor.

He made his first sortie on August 23, 1941 in the Krivoy Rog region. Lieutenant Maresyev opened a combat account at the beginning of 1942 - he shot down a Ju-52. By the end of March 1942, he brought the number of downed Nazi aircraft to four. On April 4, in an air battle over the Demyansky bridgehead (Novgorod region), Maresyev's fighter was shot down. He tried to land on the ice of a frozen lake, but released the landing gear early. The plane began to quickly lose altitude and fell into the forest.

Maresyev crawled to his own. He had frostbite on his feet and had to be amputated. However, the pilot decided not to give up. When he got the prostheses, he trained long and hard and got permission to return to duty. He learned to fly again in the 11th reserve aviation brigade in Ivanovo.

In June 1943, Maresyev returned to service. He fought on the Kursk Bulge as part of the 63rd Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, was a deputy squadron commander. In August 1943, during one battle, Alexei Maresyev shot down three enemy FW-190 fighters at once.

On August 24, 1943, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Senior Lieutenant Maresyev was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Later he fought in the Baltic States, became a regiment navigator. In 1944 he joined the CPSU. In total, he made 86 sorties, shot down 11 enemy aircraft: 4 before being wounded and seven with amputated legs. In June 1944, Major Maresyev of the Guards became an inspector-pilot of the Office of Higher Educational Institutions of the Air Force. The legendary fate of Alexei Petrovich Maresyev is the subject of Boris Polevoy's book "The Tale of a Real Man".

In July 1946, Maresyev was honorably discharged from the Air Force. In 1952 he graduated from the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the CPSU, in 1956 - postgraduate studies at the Academy of Social Sciences under the Central Committee of the CPSU, received the title of candidate of historical sciences. In the same year, he became the executive secretary of the Soviet Committee of War Veterans, in 1983 - the first deputy chairman of the committee. In this position, he worked until the last day of his life.

Retired Colonel A.P. Maresyev was awarded two Orders of Lenin, Orders of the October Revolution, Red Banner, Patriotic War 1st degree, two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, Orders of Friendship of Peoples, Red Star, Badge of Honor, "For Merit to the Fatherland" 3rd degree, medals, foreign orders. He was an honorary soldier of a military unit, an honorary citizen of the cities of Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Kamyshin, Orel. A minor planet in the solar system, a public foundation, and youth patriotic clubs are named after him. He was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Author of the book "On the Kursk Bulge" (M., 1960).

Even during the war, Boris Polevoy's book "The Tale of a Real Man" was published, the prototype of which was Maresyev (the author changed only one letter in his last name). In 1948, director Alexander Stolper shot a film of the same name based on the book at Mosfilm. Maresyev was even offered to play the main role himself, but he refused and this role was played by a professional actor Pavel Kadochnikov.

He died suddenly on May 18, 2001. He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy Cemetery. On May 18, 2001, a gala evening was scheduled at the Theater of the Russian Army on the occasion of Maresyev's 85th birthday, but an hour before the start, Alexei Petrovich had a heart attack. He was taken to the intensive care unit of a Moscow clinic, where he died without regaining consciousness. The gala evening nevertheless took place, but it began with a moment of silence.

Krasnoperov Sergey Leonidovich

Krasnoperov Sergey Leonidovich was born on July 23, 1923 in the village of Pokrovka, Chernushinsky district. In May 1941, he volunteered for the Soviet Army. For a year he studied at the Balashov Aviation School of Pilots. In November 1942, attack pilot Sergei Krasnoperov arrived in the 765th assault aviation regiment, and in January 1943 he was appointed deputy squadron commander of the 502nd assault aviation regiment of the 214th assault air division of the North Caucasian Front. In this regiment in June 1943 he joined the ranks of the party. For military distinctions he was awarded the Orders of the Red Banner, the Red Star, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree.

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded on February 4, 1944. Killed in action June 24, 1944. "March 14, 1943. Attack pilot Sergei Krasnoperov makes two sorties one after another to attack the port of Temrkzh. Leading six" silts ", he set fire to a boat at the berth of the port. In the second flight, an enemy shell hit the engine. A bright flame for a moment, like it seemed to Krasnoperov, the sun eclipsed and immediately disappeared in thick black smoke. Krasnoperov turned off the ignition, turned off the gas and tried to fly the plane to the front line. However, after a few minutes it became clear that it would not be possible to save the plane. And under the wing - a solid swamp. There is only one way out As soon as the burning car touched the swamp bumps with its fuselage, the pilot barely had time to jump out of it and run a little to the side, an explosion rumbled.

A few days later, Krasnoperov was back in the air, and in the combat log of the flight commander of the 502nd assault aviation regiment, junior lieutenant Krasnoperov Sergey Leonidovich, a brief entry appeared: "03/23/43". With two sorties, he destroyed a convoy in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bst. Crimean. Destroyed vehicles - 1, created fires - 2 ". On April 4, Krasnoperov stormed manpower and firepower in the region of a height of 204.3 meters. On the next flight, he stormed artillery and firing points in the area of ​​Krymskaya station. At the same time, he destroyed two tanks, one gun and mortar.

One day, a junior lieutenant received a task for a free flight in pairs. He was leading. Covertly, on a low-level flight, a pair of "silts" penetrated deep into the rear of the enemy. They noticed cars on the road - they attacked them. They discovered a concentration of troops - and suddenly brought down destructive fire on the heads of the Nazis. The Germans unloaded ammunition and weapons from a self-propelled barge. Combat entry - the barge flew into the air. The regiment commander, Lieutenant Colonel Smirnov, wrote about Sergei Krasnoperov: “Such heroic deeds of Comrade Krasnoperov are repeated in every sortie. The pilots of his flight became masters of the assault business. created for himself military glory, enjoys well-deserved military authority among the personnel of the regiment. And indeed. Sergei was only 19 years old, and for his exploits he had already been awarded the Order of the Red Star. He was only 20 years old, and his chest was adorned with the Golden Star of a Hero.

Seventy-four sorties were made by Sergey Krasnoperov during the days of fighting on the Taman Peninsula. As one of the best, he was entrusted 20 times to lead a group of "silts" to attack, and he always carried out a combat mission. He personally destroyed 6 tanks, 70 vehicles, 35 wagons with cargo, 10 guns, 3 mortars, 5 points of anti-aircraft artillery, 7 machine guns, 3 tractors, 5 bunkers, an ammunition depot, a boat, a self-propelled barge were sunk, two crossings across the Kuban were destroyed.

Matrosov Alexander Matveevich

Matrosov Alexander Matveyevich - rifleman of the 2nd battalion of the 91st separate rifle brigade (22nd Army, Kalinin Front), private. Born February 5, 1924 in the city of Yekaterinoslav (now Dnepropetrovsk). Russian. Member of the Komsomol. He lost his parents early. 5 years was brought up in the Ivanovo orphanage (Ulyanovsk region). Then he was brought up in the Ufa children's labor colony. At the end of the 7th grade, he remained to work in the colony as an assistant teacher. In the Red Army since September 1942. In October 1942 he entered the Krasnokholmsk Infantry School, but soon most of the cadets were sent to the Kalinin Front.

In the army since November 1942. He served in the 2nd Battalion of the 91st Separate Rifle Brigade. For some time the brigade was in reserve. Then she was transferred near Pskov to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe Big Lomovaty Bor. Right from the march, the brigade entered the battle.

On February 27, 1943, the 2nd battalion received the task of attacking a stronghold near the village of Chernushki (Loknyansky district, Pskov region). As soon as our soldiers passed through the forest and reached the edge of the forest, they came under heavy enemy machine-gun fire - three enemy machine guns in bunkers covered the approaches to the village. One machine gun was suppressed by an assault group of machine gunners and armor-piercers. The second bunker was destroyed by another group of armor-piercers. But the machine gun from the third bunker continued to shell the entire hollow in front of the village. Efforts to silence him were unsuccessful. Then an ordinary Matrosov A.M. crawled towards the bunker. He approached the embrasure from the flank and threw two grenades. The machine gun fell silent. But as soon as the fighters went on the attack, the machine gun came to life again. Then Matrosov got up, rushed to the bunker and closed the embrasure with his body. At the cost of his life, he contributed to the combat mission of the unit.

A few days later, the name of Matrosov became known throughout the country. The feat of Matrosov was used by a journalist who happened to be with the unit for a patriotic article. At the same time, the regiment commander learned about the feat from the newspapers. Moreover, the date of the death of the hero was moved to February 23, coinciding the feat with the day of the Soviet Army. Despite the fact that Matrosov was not the first to perform such an act of self-sacrifice, it was his name that was used to glorify the heroism of Soviet soldiers. Subsequently, over 300 people performed the same feat, but this was no longer widely reported. His feat has become a symbol of courage and military prowess, fearlessness and love for the Motherland.

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union Alexander Matveyevich Matrosov was posthumously awarded on June 19, 1943. He was buried in the city of Velikiye Luki. On September 8, 1943, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, the name of Matrosov was assigned to the 254th Guards Rifle Regiment, he himself was forever enrolled (one of the first in the Soviet Army) in the lists of the 1st company of this unit. Monuments to the Hero were erected in Ufa, Velikiye Luki, Ulyanovsk, and others. His name was given to the museum of Komsomol glory in the city of Velikie Luki, streets, schools, pioneer squads, motor ships, collective farms and state farms.

Ivan Vasilievich Panfilov

In the battles near Volokolamsk, the 316th Infantry Division of General I.V. Panfilov. Reflecting continuous enemy attacks for 6 days, they knocked out 80 tanks and destroyed several hundred soldiers and officers. Enemy attempts to capture the Volokolamsk region and open the way to Moscow from the west failed. For heroic actions, this formation was awarded the Order of the Red Banner and transformed into the 8th Guards, and its commander, General I.V. Panfilov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. He was not lucky enough to witness the complete defeat of the enemy near Moscow: on November 18, near the village of Gusenevo, he died a heroic death.

Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov, Major General of the Guards, commander of the 8th Guards Rifle Red Banner (former 316th) Division, was born on January 1, 1893 in the city of Petrovsk, Saratov Region. Russian. Member of the CPSU since 1920. From the age of 12 he worked for hire, in 1915 he was drafted into the tsarist army. In the same year he was sent to the Russian-German front. Voluntarily joined the Red Army in 1918. He was enrolled in the 1st Saratov Infantry Regiment of the 25th Chapaev Division. Participated in the civil war, fought against Dutov, Kolchak, Denikin and the White Poles. After the war, he graduated from the two-year Kyiv United Infantry School and was assigned to the Central Asian Military District. He took part in the fight against the Basmachi.

The Great Patriotic War found Major General Panfilov at the post of military commissar of the Kyrgyz Republic. Having formed the 316th rifle division, he went with it to the front and in October - November 1941 fought near Moscow. For military distinctions he was awarded two Orders of the Red Banner (1921, 1929) and the medal "XX Years of the Red Army".

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union Ivan Vasilievich Panfilov was awarded posthumously on April 12, 1942 for his skillful leadership of division units in the battles on the outskirts of Moscow and his personal courage and heroism.

In the first half of October 1941, the 316th Division arrived in the 16th Army and took up defensive positions on a wide front on the outskirts of Volokolamsk. General Panfilov was the first to widely use the system of in-depth artillery anti-tank defense, created and skillfully used mobile barrier detachments in battle. Thanks to this, the stamina of our troops increased significantly, and all attempts by the 5th German Army Corps to break through the defenses were unsuccessful. Within seven days, the division, together with the cadet regiment S.I. Mladentseva and dedicated units of anti-tank artillery successfully repelled enemy attacks.

Attaching great importance to the capture of Volokolamsk, the Nazi command sent another motorized corps into the area. Only under pressure from superior enemy forces, parts of the division were forced to leave Volokolamsk at the end of October and take up defenses east of the city.

On November 16, fascist troops launched a second "general" offensive against Moscow. A fierce battle broke out near Volokolamsk again. On this day, at the Dubosekovo junction, 28 Panfilov soldiers under the command of political instructor V.G. Klochkov repelled the attack of enemy tanks, and held the occupied line. The enemy tanks also failed to break through in the direction of the villages of Mykanino and Strokovo. The division of General Panfilov firmly held its positions, its soldiers fought to the death.

For the exemplary performance of the combat missions of the command, the mass heroism of the personnel, the 316th division was awarded the Order of the Red Banner on November 17, 1941, and the next day it was transformed into the 8th Guards Rifle Division.

Nikolai Frantsevich Gastello

Nikolai Frantsevich was born on May 6, 1908 in Moscow, in a working-class family. Graduated from 5 classes. He worked as a mechanic at the Murom Locomotive Plant of Construction Machines. In the Soviet Army in May 1932. In 1933 he graduated from the Lugansk military pilot school in bomber units. In 1939 he participated in the battles on the river. Khalkhin - Gol and the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940. In the army since June 1941, the squadron commander of the 207th long-range bomber aviation regiment (42nd bomber aviation division, 3rd bomber aviation corps DBA), Captain Gastello, on June 26, 1941, carried out another flight on a mission. His bomber was hit and caught fire. He directed the burning aircraft at a concentration of enemy troops. From the explosion of the bomber, the enemy suffered heavy losses. For the accomplished feat on July 26, 1941, he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Gastello's name is forever listed in the lists of military units. On the site of the feat on the Minsk-Vilnius highway, a memorial monument was erected in Moscow.

Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya ("Tanya")

Zoya Anatolyevna ["Tanya" (09/13/1923 - 11/29/1941)] - Soviet partisan, Hero of the Soviet Union was born in Osino-Gai, Gavrilovsky district, Tambov region, in the family of an employee. In 1930 the family moved to Moscow. She graduated from 9 classes of school number 201. In October 1941, the Komsomol member Kosmodemyanskaya voluntarily joined a special partisan detachment, acting on instructions from the headquarters of the Western Front in the Mozhaisk direction.

Twice sent to the rear of the enemy. At the end of November 1941, while performing the second combat mission in the area of ​​​​the village of Petrishchevo (Russian district of the Moscow region), she was captured by the Nazis. Despite severe torture, she did not give out military secrets, did not give her name.

On November 29, she was hanged by the Nazis. Her devotion to the Motherland, courage and selflessness have become an inspiring example in the fight against the enemy. On February 6, 1942, he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Manshuk Zhiengalievna Mametova

Manshuk Mametova was born in 1922 in the Urdinsky district of the West Kazakhstan region. Manshuk's parents died early, and the five-year-old girl was adopted by her aunt Amina Mametova. Childhood Manshuk passed in Almaty.

When the Great Patriotic War began, Manshuk studied at the medical institute and at the same time worked in the secretariat of the Council of People's Commissars of the republic. In August 1942, she voluntarily joined the Red Army and went to the front. In the unit where Manshuk arrived, she was left as a clerk at the headquarters. But the young patriot decided to become a front line fighter, and a month later Senior Sergeant Mametova was transferred to the rifle battalion of the 21st Guards Rifle Division.

Short, but bright, like a flashing star, was her life. Manshuk died in the battle for the honor and freedom of her native country, when she was in her twenty-first year and had just joined the party. The short battle path of the glorious daughter of the Kazakh people ended with an immortal feat accomplished by her near the walls of the ancient Russian city of Nevel.

On October 16, 1943, the battalion in which Manshuk Mametova served was ordered to repulse the enemy's counterattack. As soon as the Nazis tried to repulse the attack, the machine gun of Senior Sergeant Mametova started working. The Nazis rolled back, leaving hundreds of corpses. Several violent attacks of the Nazis have already choked at the foot of the hill. Suddenly, the girl noticed that two neighboring machine guns fell silent - the machine gunners were killed. Then Manshuk, quickly crawling from one firing point to another, began to fire at the pressing enemies from three machine guns.

The enemy transferred mortar fire to the positions of the resourceful girl. A close explosion of a heavy mine overturned a machine gun, behind which lay Manshuk. Wounded in the head, the machine gunner lost consciousness for a while, but the triumphant cries of the approaching Nazis forced her to wake up. Instantly moving to a nearby machine gun, Manshuk lashed the chains of fascist warriors with a lead shower. And again the enemy attack choked. This ensured the successful advance of our units, but the girl from distant Urda remained lying on the hillside. Her fingers froze on the trigger "Maxim".

On March 1, 1944, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Senior Sergeant Manshuk Zhiengaliyevna Mametova was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Aliya Moldagulova

Aliya Moldagulova was born on April 20, 1924 in the village of Bulak, Khobdinsky district, Aktobe region. After the death of her parents, she was brought up by her uncle Aubakir Moldagulov. With his family, she moved from city to city. She studied at the 9th secondary school in Leningrad. In the fall of 1942, Aliya Moldagulova joined the army and was sent to a sniper school. In May 1943, Aliya submitted a report to the school command with a request to send her to the front. Aliya ended up in the 3rd company of the 4th battalion of the 54th rifle brigade under the command of Major Moiseev.

By the beginning of October, Aliya Moldagulova had 32 dead fascists on her account.

In December 1943, Moiseev's battalion was ordered to drive the enemy out of the village of Kazachikha. By capturing this settlement, the Soviet command hoped to cut the railway line along which the Nazis were transferring reinforcements. The Nazis fiercely resisted, skillfully using the benefits of the area. The slightest advance of our companies came at a heavy price, and yet slowly but steadily our fighters approached the enemy's fortifications. Suddenly, a lone figure appeared ahead of the advancing chains.

Suddenly, a lone figure appeared ahead of the advancing chains. The Nazis noticed the brave warrior and opened fire from machine guns. Catching the moment when the fire weakened, the fighter rose to his full height and dragged the entire battalion with him.

After a fierce battle, our fighters took possession of the height. The daredevil lingered in the trench for some time. There were traces of pain on his pale face, and strands of black hair broke out from under his cap with earflaps. It was Aliya Moldagulova. She destroyed 10 fascists in this battle. The wound was light, and the girl remained in the ranks.

In an effort to restore the situation, the enemy rushed into counterattacks. On January 14, 1944, a group of enemy soldiers managed to break into our trenches. A hand-to-hand fight ensued. Aliya mowed down the fascists with well-aimed bursts of the machine gun. Suddenly, she instinctively felt danger behind her back. She turned sharply, but it was too late: the German officer fired first. Gathering the last of her strength, Aliya threw up her machine gun and the Nazi officer fell to the frozen ground...

The wounded Aliya was carried out by her comrades from the battlefield. The fighters wanted to believe in a miracle, and they offered blood to save the girl. But the wound was fatal.

On June 4, 1944, Corporal Aliya Moldagulova was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Sevastyanov Alexey Tikhonovich

Sevastyanov Aleksey Tikhonovich, flight commander of the 26th Fighter Aviation Regiment (7th Fighter Aviation Corps, Leningrad Air Defense Zone), junior lieutenant. Born on February 16, 1917 in the village of Kholm, now the Likhoslavl district of the Tver (Kalinin) region. Russian. Graduated from the Kalinin Carriage Building College. In the Red Army since 1936. In 1939 he graduated from the Kachin Military Aviation School.

Member of the Great Patriotic War since June 1941. In total, during the war years, junior lieutenant Sevastyanov A.T. made more than 100 sorties, shot down 2 enemy aircraft personally (one of them by ramming), 2 - in a group and an observation balloon.

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union Alexei Tikhonovich Sevastyanov was awarded posthumously on June 6, 1942.

On November 4, 1941, junior lieutenant Sevastyanov on an Il-153 aircraft patrolled on the outskirts of Leningrad. At about 22.00, an enemy air raid on the city began. Despite the fire of anti-aircraft artillery, one He-111 bomber managed to break through to Leningrad. Sevastyanov attacked the enemy, but missed. He went on the attack a second time and opened fire at close range, but again missed. Sevastyanov attacked for the third time. Coming close, he pressed the trigger, but there were no shots - the cartridges ran out. In order not to miss the enemy, he decided to go for a ram. Approaching behind the "Heinkel", he chopped off his tail with a screw. Then he left the damaged fighter and landed by parachute. The bomber crashed in the Tauride Garden area. The crew members who jumped out on parachutes were taken prisoner. The fallen Sevastyanov fighter was found in Baskov lane and restored by specialists of the 1st Rembaza.

April 23, 1942 Sevastyanov A.T. died in an unequal air battle, defending the "Road of Life" across Ladoga (shot down 2.5 km from the village of Rakhya, Vsevolozhsk district; a monument was erected in this place). He was buried in Leningrad at the Chesme cemetery. Forever enrolled in the lists of the military unit. A street in St. Petersburg, the House of Culture in the village of Pervitino, Likhoslavl District, are named after him. The documentary "Heroes Don't Die" is dedicated to his feat.

Matveev Vladimir Ivanovich

Matveev Vladimir Ivanovich Squadron commander of the 154th Fighter Aviation Regiment (39th Fighter Aviation Division, Northern Front) - captain. Born October 27, 1911 in St. Petersburg in a working class family. Russian Member of the CPSU(b) since 1938. Graduated from 5 classes. He worked as a mechanic at the factory "Red October". In the Red Army since 1930. In 1931 he graduated from the Leningrad military-theoretical school of pilots, in 1933 - Borisoglebsk military aviation school of pilots. Member of the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War at the front. Captain Matveev V.I. On July 8, 1941, when repelling an enemy air raid on Leningrad, having used up all the ammunition, he used a ram: he cut off the tail of a Nazi aircraft with the end of the plane of his MiG-3. An enemy plane crashed near the village of Malyutino. He successfully landed at his airport. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal was awarded to Vladimir Ivanovich Matveev on July 22, 1941.

Killed in air combat January 1, 1942, covering the "Road of Life" on Ladoga. Buried in Leningrad.

Polyakov Sergey Nikolaevich

Sergei Polyakov was born in 1908 in Moscow into a working-class family. He graduated from 7 classes of incomplete secondary school. Since 1930 in the Red Army, he graduated from the military aviation school. Member of the Spanish Civil War 1936-1939. In air battles he shot down 5 Franco planes. Member of the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940. On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War from the first day. The commander of the 174th Assault Aviation Regiment, Major S.N. Polyakov, made 42 sorties, inflicting precise strikes on airfields, equipment and manpower of the enemy, while destroying 42 and damaging 35 aircraft.

On December 23, 1941, he died while performing the next combat mission. On February 10, 1943, for courage and courage shown in battles with enemies, Sergey Nikolaevich Polyakov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously). For the period of service he was awarded the Orders of Lenin, the Red Banner (twice), the Red Star, and medals. He was buried in the village of Agalatovo, Vsevolozhsk district, Leningrad region.

Muravitsky Luka Zakharovich

Luka Muravitsky was born on December 31, 1916 in the village of Dolgoe, now the Soligorsk district of the Minsk region, into a peasant family. He graduated from 6 classes and school FZU. Worked on the subway in Moscow. Graduated from the Aeroclub. In the Soviet Army since 1937. He graduated from the Borisoglebsk military school for pilots in 1939. B.ZYu

Member of the Great Patriotic War since July 1941. Junior Lieutenant Muravitsky began his combat activity as part of the 29th IAP of the Moscow Military District. This regiment met the war on outdated I-153 fighters. Sufficiently maneuverable, they were inferior to enemy aircraft in speed and firepower. Analyzing the first air battles, the pilots came to the conclusion that they needed to abandon the pattern of straight-line attacks, and fight on turns, in dives, on a "hill" when their "Seagull" gained additional speed. At the same time, it was decided to switch to flights in "twos", abandoning the link of three aircraft established by the official position.

The very first flights of "twos" showed their clear advantage. So, at the end of July, Alexander Popov, paired with Luka Muravitsky, returning after escorting the bombers, met with six Messers. Our pilots were the first to attack and shot down the leader of the enemy group. Stunned by the sudden blow, the Nazis hurried to get out.

On each of his planes, Luka Muravitsky painted the inscription “For Anya” on the fuselage with white paint. The pilots at first laughed at him, and the authorities ordered the inscription to be erased. But before each new flight, on the fuselage of the aircraft on the starboard side again appeared - "For Anya" ... No one knew who this Anya was, whom Luka remembers even going into battle ...

Once, before a sortie, the regiment commander ordered Muravitsky to immediately erase the inscription and more so that it would not happen again! Then Luka told the commander that this was his beloved girl, who worked with him at the Metrostroy, studied at the flying club, that she loved him, they were going to get married, but ... She crashed jumping from an airplane. The parachute did not open... Even if she did not die in battle, Luka continued, but she was preparing to become an air fighter, to defend her Motherland. The commander relented.

Participating in the defense of Moscow, the commander of the 29th IAP, Luka Muravitsky, achieved excellent results. He was distinguished not only by sober calculation and courage, but also by his willingness to do anything to defeat the enemy. So on September 3, 1941, acting on the Western Front, he rammed an enemy He-111 reconnaissance aircraft and made a safe landing on the damaged aircraft. At the beginning of the war, we had few planes, and that day Muravitsky had to fly alone - to cover the railway station, where an echelon with ammunition was being unloaded. Fighters, as a rule, flew in pairs, but here - one ...

At first everything went smoothly. The lieutenant vigilantly watched the air around the station, but as you can see, if there are multi-layered clouds overhead, rain. When Muravitsky was making a U-turn over the outskirts of the station, he saw a German reconnaissance aircraft in the gap between the tiers of clouds. Luka sharply increased the engine speed and rushed across the Heinkel-111. The Lieutenant's attack was unexpected, the "Heinkel" had not yet had time to open fire, as a machine-gun burst pierced the enemy, and he, descending steeply, began to flee. Muravitsky caught up with the Heinkel, opened fire on it again, and suddenly the machine gun fell silent. The pilot reloaded, but apparently ran out of ammunition. And then Muravitsky decided to ram the enemy.

He increased the speed of the plane - "Heinkel" is getting closer and closer. The Nazis are already visible in the cockpit ... Without reducing speed, Muravitsky approaches almost close to the Nazi aircraft and hits the tail with a propeller. The jerk and propeller of the fighter cut through the metal of the tail unit of the Non-111 ... The enemy plane crashed into the ground behind the railroad tracks in a wasteland. Luka also hit his head hard on the dashboard, aim and lost consciousness. I woke up - the plane falls to the ground in a tailspin. Gathering all his strength, the pilot with difficulty stopped the rotation of the machine and brought it out of a steep dive. He could not fly further and had to land the car at the station...

Having healed, Muravitsky returned to his regiment. And again fights. The flight commander flew into battle several times a day. He was eager to fight and again, as before the injury, the fuselage of his fighter was carefully displayed: "For Anya." By the end of September, the brave pilot already had about 40 air victories, won personally and as part of a group.

Soon one of the squadrons of the 29th IAP, which included Luka Muravitsky, was transferred to the Leningrad Front to reinforce the 127th IAP. The main task of this regiment was to escort transport aircraft along the Ladoga highway, cover their landing, loading and unloading. Acting as part of the 127th IAP, Senior Lieutenant Muravitsky shot down 3 more enemy aircraft. On October 22, 1941, Muravitsky was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the exemplary performance of the combat missions of the command, for the courage and bravery shown in battle. By this time, 14 enemy aircraft were already downed on his personal account.

On November 30, 1941, the commander of the 127th IAP, Senior Lieutenant Maravitsky, died in an unequal air battle, defending Leningrad ... The total result of his combat activities, in various sources, is estimated differently. The most common figure is 47 (10 victories won personally and 37 as part of a group), less often - 49 (12 personally and 37 in a group). However, all these figures do not fit in with the figure of personal victories - 14, given above. Moreover, in one of the publications it is generally stated that Luka Muravitsky won his last victory in May 1945, over Berlin. Unfortunately, exact data is not yet available.

Luka Zakharovich Muravitsky was buried in the village of Kapitolovo, Vsevolozhsky District, Leningrad Region. A street in the village of Dolgoye is named after him.

Fomina Maria Sergeevna

Composition about the feat of the people during the Great Patriotic War. Examples are given from fiction, countrymen heroes.

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(MBOU "Secondary School No. 2")

G. Goose - Crystal

Vladimir region

The writing

Done by a 7th grade student

MBOU secondary school №2

Russian teacher

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Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Secondary school No. 2

With in-depth study of individual subjects

named after the holder of the Order of the Red Star A. A. Kuzor "

(MBOU "Secondary School No. 2")

G. Goose - Crystal

Vladimir region

The writing

"The feat of the people during the Great Patriotic War"

Done by a 7th grade student

MBOU secondary school №2

Fomina Maria Sergeevna (12 years old)

Russian teacher

language and literature Baranova T.A.

The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 is one of the most terrible ordeals that befell the Russian people. This terrible tragedy, which lasted four years, brought a lot of grief. From the first days of the war, everyone stood up for the defense of the Motherland. It is terrible to think that our peers, children of twelve or thirteen, also gave their lives for the fate of the country.

He experienced a lot, endured the Russian people in the days of the war. Remember the heroic feat of Leningrad - for nine hundred days the inhabitants kept in the surrounded city and did not give it away. People withstood hunger, cold, enemy bombardments.

Many feats were accomplished by our soldiers during the Great Patriotic War. Young warriors sacrificed themselves for the long-awaited victory. Many of them did not return home, and each can be considered a hero. After all, it was they who, at the cost of their lives, led the Motherland to a great victory. The consciousness of one's duty to the Fatherland drowned out the feeling of fear, and pain, and thoughts of death.

They fought everywhere: at the front with weapons, in the occupation in the partisans, in the rear and in the fields. It was a great test of the strength of the Russian character. Everyone contributed their share to the future victory, brought it closer. In addition to large-scale military operations, there were battles of local importance. B. Vasiliev was the first to tell about one such battle in his story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet”. Five girls stood in the middle of the Russian land against the enemy, strong, well-armed, who greatly outnumbers them in number. But they did not let anyone through, they fought to the death. The war wove five girlish destinies into one for the sake of one goal. Those who need to continue the human race die, and the male warrior Vaskov remains to live. The foreman will feel this guilt all his life.

To remember the war, the heroism and courage of people fighting for peace is the duty of all living on earth. Therefore, one of the most important themes of our literature is the theme of the feat of the people in the Great Patriotic War. These works show the significance of the struggle and victory, the heroism of the Soviet people, their moral strength, devotion to the Motherland. Y. Bondarev in his book "Hot Snow" tells about the soldiers who defended Stalingrad. Only four gunners and two machine gunners survived. Bessonov, walking around the positions after the battle, wept, not ashamed of his tears, wept because his soldiers survived, won, did not let the fascist tanks into Stalingrad, because they obeyed the order, although they died themselves. Probably, each of them wanted to survive, because they knew that they were loved at home, they believed in them, they were expected. But the soldiers died, knowing full well that they give their lives in the name of happiness, in the name of a clear sky and a clear sun, in the name of future happy people.

Our countrymen were also participants in the Great Patriotic War. We are proud of Vasily Vasily Vasilyevich, who during the war years made about two hundred sorties, striking at the rear of the enemy. On September 8, 1943, the pilot did not return from the mission. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. We admire the feat of Gennady Fedorovich Chekhlov, who was also awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In the battles in Poland in January 1945, he destroyed two anti-tank guns. We remember Junior Sergeant Sergey Aleksandrovich Valkov, who died heroically while crossing the Vistula River, when he repelled enemy counterattacks, destroying eighteen enemy soldiers.

Victory in the Great Patriotic War is a feat and glory of our people. No matter how the assessments and facts of our history have changed in recent years, May 9, Victory Day, remains a sacred holiday of our state.

We, the younger generation, must know and not forget what fate fell to everyone who made a decisive contribution to the victory over Nazi Germany. The feat of the people who won the Great Patriotic War and defended the freedom and independence of the Motherland will live for centuries. Only by learning from the past can we prevent new wars.

During the Great Patriotic War, heroism was the norm for the behavior of Soviet people, the war revealed the resilience and courage of the Soviet people. Thousands of soldiers and officers sacrificed their lives in the battles near Moscow, Kursk and Stalingrad, during the defense of Leningrad and Sevastopol, in the North Caucasus and the Dnieper, during the storming of Berlin and in other battles - and immortalized their names. Women and children fought alongside men. Home front workers played a big role. People who worked, exhausted, to provide the soldiers with food, clothing, and thus a bayonet and a projectile.
We will talk about those who gave their lives, strength and savings for the sake of the Victory. Here they are the great people of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945.

Medical heroes. Zinaida Samsonova

During the war years, more than two hundred thousand doctors and half a million paramedical personnel worked at the front and in the rear. And half of them were women.
The working day of doctors and nurses of medical battalions and front-line hospitals often lasted several days. Sleepless nights, medical workers stood relentlessly near the operating tables, and some of them pulled the dead and wounded from the battlefield on their backs. Among the doctors there were many of their "sailors", who, saving the wounded, covered them with their bodies from bullets and shell fragments.
Not sparing, as they say, their belly, they raised the spirit of the soldiers, raised the wounded from the hospital bed and sent them back to battle to defend their country, their homeland, their people, their home from the enemy. Among the large army of doctors, I would like to name the Hero of the Soviet Union Zinaida Alexandrovna Samsonova, who went to the front when she was only seventeen years old. Zinaida, or, as her brother-soldiers cutely called her, Zinochka, was born in the village of Bobkovo, Yegoryevsky district, Moscow region.
Before the war, she went to study at the Yegorievsk Medical School. When the enemy entered her native land, and the country was in danger, Zina decided that she must go to the front. And she rushed there.
She has been in the army since 1942 and immediately finds herself at the forefront. Zina was a sanitary instructor in a rifle battalion. The soldiers loved her for her smile, for her selfless assistance to the wounded. Zina went through the most terrible battles with her fighters, this is the Battle of Stalingrad. She fought on the Voronezh Front and on other fronts.

Zinaida Samsonova

In the autumn of 1943, she participated in a landing operation to seize a bridgehead on the right bank of the Dnieper near the village of Sushki, Kanevsky district, now Cherkasy region. Here she, together with her brother-soldiers, managed to capture this bridgehead.
Zina took out more than thirty wounded from the battlefield and transported them to the other side of the Dnieper. There were legends about this fragile nineteen-year-old girl. Zinochka was distinguished by courage and courage.
When the commander died near the village of Holm in 1944, Zina, without hesitation, took command of the battle and raised the fighters to attack. In this battle, her fellow soldiers heard her amazing, slightly hoarse voice for the last time: “Eagles, follow me!”
Zinochka Samsonova died in this battle on January 27, 1944 for the village of Kholm in Belarus. She was buried in a mass grave in Ozarichi, Kalinkovsky district, Gomel region.
Zinaida Alexandrovna Samsonova was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for her steadfastness, courage and bravery.
The school where Zina Samsonova once studied was named after her.

A special period in the activity of Soviet foreign intelligence officers is associated with the Great Patriotic War. Already at the end of June 1941, the newly created State Defense Committee of the USSR considered the issue of the work of foreign intelligence and specified its tasks. They were subordinated to one goal - the speedy defeat of the enemy. For the exemplary performance of special tasks behind enemy lines, nine career foreign intelligence officers were awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union. This is S.A. Vaupshasov, I.D. Kudrya, N.I. Kuznetsov, V.A. Lyagin, D.N. Medvedev, V.A. Molodtsov, K.P. Orlovsky, N.A. Prokopyuk, A.M. Rabtsevich. Here we will talk about one of the scout-hero - Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov.

From the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he was enrolled in the fourth department of the NKVD, whose main task was to organize reconnaissance and sabotage activities behind enemy lines. After numerous trainings and studying in the camp for prisoners of war the manners and life of the Germans, under the name of Paul Wilhelm Siebert, Nikolai Kuznetsov was sent behind enemy lines along the line of terror. At first, the special agent conducted his secret activities in the Ukrainian city of Rivne, where the Reich Commissariat of Ukraine was located. Kuznetsov was in close contact with enemy officers of the special services and the Wehrmacht, as well as local officials. All information obtained was transferred to the partisan detachment. One of the remarkable feats of a secret agent of the USSR was the capture of the courier of the Reichskommissariat, Major Gahan, who carried a secret map in his briefcase. After interrogating Gahan and studying the map, it turned out that a bunker for Hitler was built eight kilometers from Ukrainian Vinnitsa.
In November 1943, Kuznetsov managed to organize the abduction of German Major General M. Ilgen, who was sent to Rovno to destroy partisan formations.
The last operation of the intelligence officer Siebert in this post was the elimination in November 1943 of the head of the legal department of the Reichskommissariat of Ukraine, Oberführer Alfred Funk. After interrogating Funk, the brilliant intelligence officer managed to obtain information about the preparations for the assassination of the heads of the "Big Three" of the Tehran Conference, as well as information about the enemy's offensive on the Kursk Bulge. In January 1944, Kuznetsov was ordered, along with the retreating fascist troops, to go to Lvov to continue his sabotage activities. Scouts Jan Kaminsky and Ivan Belov were sent to help agent Siebert. Under the leadership of Nikolai Kuznetsov, several invaders were destroyed in Lvov, for example, the head of the government office, Heinrich Schneider and Otto Bauer.

From the first days of the occupation, the boys and girls began to act decisively, a secret organization "young avengers" was created. The guys fought against the fascist invaders. They blew up a pumping station, which delayed the sending of ten fascist echelons to the front. Distracting the enemy, the Avengers destroyed bridges and highways, blew up a local power plant, and burned down a factory. Obtaining information about the actions of the Germans, they immediately passed them on to the partisans.
Zina Portnova was assigned more and more difficult tasks. According to one of them, the girl managed to get a job in a German canteen. After working there for a while, she carried out an effective operation - she poisoned food for German soldiers. More than 100 fascists suffered from her dinner. The Germans began to accuse Zina. Wanting to prove her innocence, the girl tried the poisoned soup and only miraculously survived.

Zina Portnova

In 1943, traitors appeared who revealed secret information and handed over our guys to the Nazis. Many were arrested and shot. Then the command of the partisan detachment instructed Portnova to establish contact with those who survived. The Nazis grabbed the young partisan when she was returning from a mission. Zina was terribly tortured. But the answer to the enemy was only her silence, contempt and hatred. The interrogations didn't stop.
“The Gestapo man went to the window. And Zina, rushing to the table, grabbed a pistol. Obviously sensing a rustle, the officer turned around impulsively, but the weapon was already in her hand. She pulled the trigger. For some reason I didn't hear the shot. I only saw how the German, clutching his chest with his hands, fell to the floor, and the second, who was sitting at the side table, jumped up from his chair and hastily unfastened the holster of his revolver. She pointed the gun at him as well. Again, almost without aiming, she pulled the trigger. Rushing to the exit, Zina yanked open the door, jumped out into the next room and from there onto the porch. There she almost point-blank shot at the sentry. Running out of the building of the commandant's office, Portnova rushed down the path in a whirlwind.
“If only I could run to the river,” thought the girl. But the sound of the chase was heard from behind ... "Why don't they shoot?" The surface of the water seemed to be quite near. And beyond the river was a forest. She heard the sound of machine gun fire, and something sharp pierced her leg. Zina fell on the river sand. She still had enough strength, slightly rising, to shoot ... She saved the last bullet for herself.
When the Germans ran up very close, she decided that it was all over, and pointed the gun to her chest and pulled the trigger. But the shot did not follow: a misfire. The fascist knocked the pistol out of her weakening hands.
Zina was sent to prison. For more than a month, the Germans brutally tortured the girl, they wanted her to betray her comrades. But having taken an oath of allegiance to the Motherland, Zina kept her.
On the morning of January 13, 1944, a gray-haired and blind girl was taken to be shot. She walked, stumbling barefoot, through the snow.
The girl withstood all the torture. She truly loved our Motherland and died for it, firmly believing in our victory.
Zinaida Portnova was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The Soviet people, realizing that the front needed their help, made every effort. Engineering geniuses simplified and improved production. Women who recently accompanied their husbands, brothers and sons to the front took their place at the machine tool, mastering professions unfamiliar to them. Everything for the front, everything for victory! Children, old people and women gave all their strength, gave themselves for the sake of victory.

This is how the call of collective farmers sounded in one of the regional newspapers: “... we must give the army and the working people more bread, meat, milk, vegetables and agricultural raw materials for industry. We, the workers of state farms, must hand over this together with the collective farm peasantry. Only by these lines can one judge how obsessed the home front workers were with thoughts of victory, and what sacrifices they were ready to make in order to bring this long-awaited day closer. Even when they received funerals, they did not stop working, knowing that this was the best way to take revenge on the hated fascists for the death of their loved ones.

On December 15, 1942, Ferapont Golovaty gave all his savings - 100 thousand rubles - to purchase an aircraft for the Red Army, and asked to transfer the aircraft to the pilot of the Stalingrad Front. In a letter addressed to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, he wrote that, having escorted his two sons to the front, he himself wanted to contribute to the cause of victory. Stalin answered: “Thank you, Ferapont Petrovich, for your concern for the Red Army and its Air Force. The Red Army will not forget that you gave all your savings to build a combat aircraft. Please accept my regards." The initiative was given serious attention. The decision on who exactly will get the personalized aircraft was made by the Military Council of the Stalingrad Front. The combat vehicle was handed over to one of the best - the commander of the 31st Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, Major Boris Nikolayevich Eremin. The fact that Eremin and Golovaty were countrymen also played a role.

The victory in the Great Patriotic War was obtained by inhuman efforts, both front-line soldiers and home front workers. And this must be remembered. Today's generation should not forget their feat.