Biography
Childhood
Born October 2, 1904 in the family of the director of a privileged school, Charles Henry Green and Marion Green (née Raymond). He was the fourth of six children in his family. As a child, most of all he liked to read the adventure literature of Haggard and Conrad (many years later, Green admits that at the beginning of his writing career it was very difficult for him to get rid of the influence of these writers). During his school years, constant ridicule from classmates led Green to several suicide attempts and eventually forced him to drop out of school. He received further education at Balliol College, Oxford University.
early years
Initially worked as a journalist for the Nottingham Journal, then as a freelance correspondent for The Times. In 1926, he converted to Catholicism (as opposed to the Anglican Church dominant in Great Britain). After the release of his first novel, The Man Within (1929), he left journalism. In 1932, he published the action-packed political detective story The Istanbul Express (Stamboul Train). This and subsequent books with elements of the detective genre - A Hitman (A Gun for Sale, 1936), The Confidential Agent (1939), The Office of Fear (Ministry of Fear, 1943) - he called "entertaining ". A more serious work was England Made Me, published in 1935, a book that reflected the processes of changing society under the influence of progress.
Trips
In the 1930s, Green went on a trip to Mexico, which resulted in two books of travel notes, Journey Without Maps (1936) and The Lawless Roads (1939). Based on observations of the situation in Mexico in 1940 he wrote one of his best novels, "The Power and the Glory" (The Power and the Glory). The book initially drew sharp criticism from the Catholic Church. From 1941 to 1944, Greene worked for British intelligence in West Africa, where he was listed as a representative of the Foreign Office Great Britain. One of his colleagues in those years was Kim Philby... After the Second World War, he was a correspondent for the New Republic magazine in Indochina. Based on the events in Vietnam in 1955-56, he created the novel The Quiet American". In the 60-70s traveled as a reporter to many countries, repeatedly visited "hot spots". He was familiar with many influential politicians, in particular, with the President of Panama, General Omar Torrijos. After speaking in defense of the accused in the case of Sinyavsky and Daniel, he was stopped publishing in THE USSR. In the last years of his life he lived in Switzerland. He died on April 3, 1991 in Vevey, Switzerland.
He was repeatedly nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature, but never received it due to numerous complaints from critics. The Swedish academic, poet and novelist Arthur Lundqvist stated that "this detective writer will only win the prize over my dead body". Ironically, Lundqvist passed away in December 1991, seven months after Graham Greene's death.
The main features of creativity
Many critics agree: Graham Grim is the kind of writer "who is equally popular with ordinary readers and intellectuals alike." It is known that he himself divided his works into "serious" and "entertaining", but the differences between them are hardly significant. Indeed, in most of Green's novels there is a dynamic plot, intricate intrigue, combined with political concepts that grow out of reflections on life.
During his long life, Green changed his socio-political preferences more than once, either sharply criticizing Western civilization, or putting forward the idea of a "third world", which can only be strengthened by a certain synthesis of communism and Catholicism. But the artist's intransigence to all types of violence and arbitrariness - be it dictatorial, colonial regimes, manifestations of fascism, racism or religious intolerance - remained enduring. The writer was perceived as a kind of political seismograph, reacting to the shocks and explosions of history, sensitively feeling the "painful places" of the planet.
Books
poetry collection
- 1925 - Babbling April
Novels
- 1929 - The Man Within / The Man Within
- 1930 - The Name of Action
- 1932 - Rumour at Nightfall
- 1932 - Istanbul Express / Stamboul Train (Orient Express)
- 1934 - This is a battlefield / It's a Battlefield
- 1935 - England Made Me
- 1936 - Assassin / A Gun for Sale (This Gun for Hire)
- 1938 - Brighton Candy/Brighton Rock
- 1939 - Confidential Agent / The Confidential Agent
- 1940 - The Power and the Glory (The Labyrinthine Ways)
- 1943 - The Ministry of Fear
- 1948 - The heart of the matter / The Heart of the Matter
- 1949 - Third / The Third Man
- 1951 - The End of the Affair / The End of the Affair
- 1955 - The Quiet American / The Quiet American
- 1955 - Loser Takes All
- 1958 - Our Man in Havana / Our Man in Havana
- 1960 - At the cost of loss / A Burnt-Out Case
- 1966 - Comedians / The Comedians
- 1969 - Traveling with my aunt / Travels with My Aunt
- 1973 - Honorary Consul / The Honorary Consul
- 1978 - The Human Factor / The Human Factor
- 1980 - Doctor Fischer of Geneva or The Bomb Party
- 1982 - Monsignor Quixote / Monsignor Quixote
- 1985 - Tenth / The Tenth Man
- 1988 - The Captain and the Enemy / The Captain and the Enemy
Autobiographies
- 1971 - Part of life / A Sort of Life
- 1980 - Ways of Escape / Ways of Escape
- 1984 - Acquaintance with the General / Getting to Know the General: the story of an involvement
- 1922 - A World of My Own: A Dream Diary
Travel books
- 1936 Journey Without Maps
- 1939 - Lawless Roads / The Lawless Roads (Another Mexico)
- 1961 - In search of a hero. Two African Diaries / In Search of a Character: Two African Journals
Plays
- 1953 - The living room / The Living Room
- 1957 - Greenhouse / The Potting Shed
- 1959 - Compliant lover / The Complaisant Lover
- 1964 - Carving a Statue
- 1975 - The Return of A.J. Raffles
- 1981 - The Great Jowett
- 1983 - Yes and No
- 1983 - For Whom the Bell Chimes
Storybooks
- 1954 - Twenty-One Stories
- 1963 - A Sense of Reality
- 1967 - May We Borrow Your Husband?
- 1990 - The Last Word and Other Stories
Children's books
- 1946 - The Little Train
- 1950 - The Little Fire Engine
- 1952 - The Little Horse Bus
- 1955 - The Little Steamroller
Other
- 1942 - British Dramatists
- 1952 - Lost Childhood / The Lost Childhood: and Other Essays
- 1969 - Collected Essays
- 1974 Lord Rochester's monkey: Being the life of John Wilmot, Second Earl of Rochester
- 1980 - The Pleasure-Dome: The Collected Film Criticism, 1935-40
- 1989 - Yours, etc.: Letters to the Press
- 1989 - Why the Epigraph?
- 1991 - Reflections
Screen adaptations
- 1934 - Orient Express
- 1937 - The Future's in the Air
- 1937 - The Green Cockatoo
- 1940 - 21 days / 21 Days
- 1940 - The New Britain
- 1942 - Weapons for Hire / This Gun for Hire
- 1942 - Went the Day Well?
- 1944 - Ministry of Fear
- 1945 - Secret agent / Confidential Agent
- 1947 - The Man Within
- 1947 - The Fugitive / The Fugitive
- 1947 - Brighton Rock / Brighton Rock
- 1948 - The Fallen Idol / The Fallen Idol
- 1949 - The Third Man / The Third Man
- 1953 - The heart of the matter / The Heart of the Matter
- 1954 - The Stranger's Hand
- 1955 - The end of the novel / The End of the Affair
- 1956 - Loser Takes All
- 1957 - Saint Joan / Saint Joan
- 1957 - Across the Bridge
- 1957 - Short Cut to Hell
- 1958 - The Quiet American / The Quiet American
- 1959 - Our Man in Havana / Our Man in Havana
- 1961 - The Power and the Glory
- 1961 - Gunes dogmasin
- 1967 - Comedians / The Comedians
- 1972 - Travels with my aunt / Travels with My Aunt
- 1972 - Yarali kurt
- 1973 - England Made Me / England Made Me
- 1979 - The Human Factor / The Human Factor
- 1982 - A shocking accident / A Shocking Accident
- 1983 - Honorary Consul / The Honorary Consul
- 1983 - The Heart of the Matter
- 1985 - Dr. Fischer of Geneva
- 1986 - May We Borrow Your Husband
- 1988 - The Tenth Man / The Tenth Man
- 1990 - Roulette of happiness / Strike It Rich
- 1991 - Trap for the killer / This Gun for Hire
- 1999 - The end of the novel / The End of the Affair
- 2001 - Double Trouble / Double Take
- 2001 - The Quiet American / The Quiet American
- 2006 - The End of the Party
Links
- A DIFFICULT WAY TO DIALOGUE. Alexander Men on Graham Greene's Monsignor Quixote
- Alexander Men and Nina Trauberg about Graham Greene's novel Power and Glory
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Years of life: from 02.10.1904 to 03.04.1991
An English novelist, playwright, and journalist whose works deal with complex moral issues against the backdrop of political events. Green is one of the most widely read novelists of the 20th century, a master of storytelling. Adventures and unexpected events are integral parts of his works, many of which have been made into successful films. Although Greene was a candidate for the Nobel Prize several times, he never received it.
Graham Greene was born on October 2, 1904 to the headmaster of a boarding school, Charles Henry Greene, and Marion Greene (née Raymond, older cousin of Robert Lewis Stevenson). He was the fourth of six children in his family. As a child, most of all he liked to read the adventure literature of Haggard and Conrad (many years later, Green admits that at the beginning of his writing career it was very difficult for him to get rid of the influence of these writers). During his school years, constant ridicule from classmates led Green to several suicide attempts and eventually forced him to drop out of school. He received further education at Balliol College, Oxford University.
Green had a natural gift for writing, and in his three years at Balliol he published more than 60 poems, short stories and essays, most of which appeared in the Oxford Outlook and the Westminster Weekly.
In 1926 Green moved to London. He first worked as a journalist for the Nottingham Journal, then as a freelance correspondent for The Times (1926-1930) and The Spectator, where he was film critic and literary editor until 1940. In 1926, he accepts Catholicism (as opposed to the Anglican Church, which is dominant in Great Britain), explaining this as follows: "I had to find a religion commensurate with my sins." When critics began to examine the issues of faith in his books, Green expressed displeasure, saying that he hated the expression "Catholic writer."
In 1927, Greene married Vivienne Dayrell-Browning. Green was not a good family man. Although he has written four children's books, he once stated in a letter, "I can't stand children." After the breakup of the marriage, he had several hobbies, Green's mistresses were often married foreigners.
After the release of his first novel, The Man Within (1929), Green left journalism. In 1932 he published the action-packed political detective story Istanbul Express. He called this and subsequent books with elements of the detective genre - The Assassin (1936), The Confidant (1939), The Office of Fear (1943) - "entertaining". A more serious work was England Made Me, published in 1935, a book that reflected the processes of change in society under the influence of progress.
In the 1930s, Greene traveled to Liberia and Mexico, resulting in two books of travel writing, A Journey Without a Map (1936) and Lawless Roads (1939). Based on observations of the situation in Mexico in 1940, he created one of his best novels, Power and Glory. The book was heavily criticized by the Catholic Church.
In the 1930s and early 1940s, Greene wrote over five hundred film, book, and play reviews, mostly for The Spectator. Green's film reviews are still read today, often better than the films he praised or trashed. Hitchcock's "inadequate sense of reality" annoyed Green, he compared Greta Garbo to a beautiful Arabian horse and warmly welcomed the new star Ingrid Bergman. When Hitchcock had difficulties with the script for I Confess (1953), Green refused to help the director, saying that he was only interested in filming his own books.
From 1941 to 1944, Green worked for British intelligence in Sierra Leone and Portugal, where he was listed as a representative of the British Foreign Office. One of his colleagues in those years was Kim Philby, a future defector to the USSR. Subsequently, Green said that during these years he was engaged in "simple useless work."
After the war, he traveled extensively as a freelance journalist, living for a long time in Nice, on the French Riviera, partly for tax reasons. Through his anti-American comments, Green secured meetings with communist leaders such as Fidel Castro and Ho Chi Minh.
In the 1950s he was a correspondent for the New Republic magazine in Indochina. Based on the events in South Vietnam 1955-1956, he created the novel The Quiet American.
In 1960-1970, as a reporter, he traveled to many countries, repeatedly visited "hot spots". He was acquainted with the President of Panama, General Omar Torrijos, with whom he published a story of friendship at the end of his life.
After Green spoke in defense of the defendants in the case of Sinyavsky and Daniel, he was temporarily stopped being printed in the USSR (until 1981).
Green gained worldwide fame and published a two-volume autobiography, Part of a Life (1971) and Ways of Salvation (1980). Green died in Vevey, Switzerland on April 3, 1991. During the service, the priest announced: "My faith tells me that he is now with God or on the road." Two days before his death, Greene wrote a note allowing Norman Sherry to complete his authorized biography (the first part of the book appeared in 1989).
Greenland
In his autobiographical book, Paths of Salvation, Graham Greene wrote: “Some critics believe that in some part of my mind there is a strange volcanic and fertile country that they have christened Greenland, and I wonder if they travel the world with blinkers on the eyes? “This is Indochina,” I want to tell them, “this is Mexico, this is Sierra Leone, described meticulously and accurately. I was not only a writer, but also a journalist. I assure you that the dead child was lying in the ditch in exactly that position, and corpses were really sticking out of the canal in Fatdyem. But I know that it is useless to argue with them, they will not believe in a world that is not noticed around.
As K. Atarova writes, each individual stroke, image, piece of the mosaic, from which the pattern of Green's novels is composed, is not invented, it is snatched out of life by a well-aimed look of the writer and journalist. However, the pattern composed of these pieces (diverse both in geography and in subject matter) has a somewhat similar structure and type of conflict, reflecting Green's concept of being.
It is this characteristic pattern that creates Greenland: the categories of sin and redemption, which acquire special importance for Greene already in Brighton Candy (1938), where the author’s Catholic orientation is first felt or Greenland’s steady interest in the concepts of pity or compassion for one’s neighbor as two types of ethical the positions of the individual, who also feels the burden of loneliness, dominate this complex pattern.
Green's ability to generate hype, his practical jokes often made him headlines. He nominated Vladimir Nabokov's Lolita for The Sunday Times Book of the Year, endorsed the participants in the Great Train Robbery (one of the biggest robberies ever to take place in Britain). In a letter to The Spectator, he proposed a scheme to bankrupt the British postal system. In 1953 he traveled to Kenya, covering the Mau Mau uprising (brutally suppressed resistance of the Kenyan tribes against British colonization).
Writer's Awards
Order of the Knights of Honor (1966)
Jerusalem Prize (1981)
Order of Merit (1986)
Bibliography
poetry collection
[Babbling April] (1925)
Novels
The Man Inside (1929)
(1930)
(1932)
(1932)
This is the battlefield (1934)
(1935)
(1936)
(1938)
(1939)
(1940)
(1943)
(1948)
(1949)
(1951)
(1955)
Winning (1955)
(1958)
(1960)
(1966)
(1969)
(1973)
(1978)
(1980)
(1982)
Tenth (1985)
(1988)
Autobiographies
(1922)
Part of Life (1971)
Ways of Salvation (1980)
(1984)
Travel books
(1936)
Lawless Roads (1939)
In search of a hero. Two African Diaries (1961)
Plays
Living Room (1953)
Greenhouse (1957)
Compliant Lover (1959)
(1964)
(1975)
(1981)
(1983)
(1983)
Storybooks
(1954)
Sense of Reality (1963)
Can you lend us your husband? (1967)
The Last Word and Other Stories (1990)
Children's books
(1946)
(1950)
(1952)
(1955)
Other
(1942)
Lost Childhood (1952)
(1969)
(1974)
(1980)
(1989)
(1989)
(1991)
(1994)
The writer Graham Greene is considered one of the most notable figures in English literature of the 20th century. During his rather long life, he created many works and was repeatedly nominated for the Nobel Prize, but he never received it, although he deserved it no less than many other laureates.
Graham Greene: biography (childhood)
Born into a large family of Charles, who at that time was the director of one of the most privileged schools in England. From childhood I was fond of reading adventure literature. Constant conflicts with classmates led to several suicide attempts. As a result, the boy was taken away from school for home schooling, and then sent to Balliol College, which operates at the University of Oxford.
Beginning of a writing career
After graduating from college, Graham Greene began working as a journalist for the Nottingham Journal and later as a freelance correspondent for The Times. At the age of 22, he converted to Catholicism, thus expressing his protest against the Anglican Church, which dominates the United Kingdom. True, there are other opinions on this matter (they say that he was very much in love with a classmate, whose parents agreed to their marriage only if the future son-in-law changed his faith).
In 1929, his first novel, The Man Inside, saw the light of day, which had some success with readers. This made Graham Greene think about a writing career.
The first book was followed by others. In particular, such action-packed detectives as "Istanbul Express", "Hitman", "Confidant" and "Institution of Fear" brought popularity to the writer. The last novel was written in the midst of the war and told about the adventures of the Londoner Arthur Rowe. He accidentally gets a film that Nazi spies are hunting for, and the young man has to try very hard to stay alive.
Green himself considered these books entertaining, in contrast to one of his early works, the novel England Made Me, in which the writer reflected the process of changing English society under the influence of scientific and technological progress.
Trips
Back in the 1930s, the young writer visited Liberia and Mexico. These travels made a great impression on him, which resulted in 2 books of travel notes "Roads of lawlessness" and "Journey without a map." In 1940, the best novel was published, which, according to critics, was written by Graham Greene. “Strength and Glory” provoked a sharp protest from the Catholic Church, although in fact it was about the Christian ministry of a degraded priest who goes to give communion to a dying man, although he knows that he will be shot for this.
Intelligence work
During World War II, Graham Greene served the Queen as part of the Intelligence Service in Portugal and Sierra Leone. At the same time, he was officially listed as a representative of the British Foreign Office. Work in intelligence helped him a lot in writing action-packed novels that were popular with readers.
After the end of World War II, Graham Greene was sent to Indochina as a correspondent for The New Republic. What he saw there, especially the events of 1955-1956, formed the basis of the novel The Quiet American.
In the following decade, the writer visited several "hot spots" in different parts of the world and met with influential politicians of that time, including some dictators.
Political Views
Despite the fact that during his life Graham Greene repeatedly changed his socio-political preferences, he always remained implacable against all forms of arbitrariness and violence, including colonial, dictatorial, fascist regimes, racism and religious intolerance.
At the same time, after the writer spoke in defense of the defendants in the case of Daniel and Sinyavsky, he was not published in the USSR for more than 12 years.
Graham Greene: movies
Many of the writer's works have been filmed. Among them is the first film in the history of world cinema about a killer - "Weapons for Hire" with Alan Ladd, and the plot of which was based on the novel "The Assassin" (1942).
Another significant picture was the detective The Third Man, released in 1949 and based on the work of the same name by Graham Greene. She became a winner and also received BAFTA and Oscar awards.
The Third Man has been repeatedly recognized as one of the best in the history of world cinema and the best British film of all time.
Despite the completely Hollywood appearance that Graham Greene had in his youth, the actor did not work out of him. However, the writer was still nominated for an Oscar in 1950 for the screenplay of the film The Downtrodden Idol. True, he did not get the award, although shortly before that, the picture was recognized as the best British film according to BAFTA. In addition, in 1954, Graham Greene successfully coped with the role of producer of the film "The Hand of a Stranger".
About creativity
Among the most popular works of the writer are the novels "Our Man in Havana", "The Human Factor", "Honorary Consul" and "The Heart of the Matter". Graham Greene reflected in them his vision of Christian mercy, which does not die even in people who are complete sinners. So, in the novel "The Heart of the Matter" tells about an honest colonial policeman who tries not to offend anyone: neither his wife, nor his mistress, nor those who turn to him, and is forced to constantly lie, and in "Honorary Consul" a doctor who sympathizes with the conspirators, feels compassion for their hostage and dies trying to save the diplomat.
Questions of Christian values are not the only thing that Graham Greene reflected in his work. The Destroyers (short story) is a work of a very different kind. It reveals the phenomenon of childish cruelty, which is especially frightening for its causelessness and senselessness.
"Comedians"
This work of the author is considered one of his best works, therefore, it deserves to be told in more detail about it. The main setting of the novel The Comedians (Graham Greene) is the island of Haiti during the reign of Francois Duvalier. It is written on the basis of the memoirs of a writer who repeatedly visited this country, including during the years of the dictatorship. In the novel, Graham Greene showed what it means to live in a state where lawlessness and terror reign. Even the best intentions of the heroes are broken against the wall erected by Duvalier and his henchmen, and the most terrible is the realization of the hopelessness and senselessness of the struggle that they come to.
By the way, Green himself, in a letter to A. S. Frere, to whom he dedicated the novel, replied to critics who accused him of over-dramatizing what was happening in Haiti as follows: “This black night cannot be denigrated.”
Based on the book, a film of the same name was made in 1967, in which Elizabeth Taylor also played the main roles.
Awards
As already mentioned, in the mid-60s, Graham Greene was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature, but Swedish academics refused to award it to him because of disagreement with his political views.
However, at that time the writer was already the owner of many literary awards, including the Hawthornden, James Tate Blake, Shakespeare awards. In addition, he was awarded the British Order of Honor and Merit. Especially valuable for Graham Greene himself was the Jerusalem Prize, which is awarded to authors who reflected in their works the themes of human freedom in society.
Festival
Every year in the first weeks of October, writers, critics and journalists come to the writer's hometown to take part in scientific conferences dedicated to the work of Graham Greene. The events are held within the framework of the festival organized by the foundation named after him.
Now you know what works are written by the famous English writer Graham Greene, and what films were made based on them. The uniqueness of his talent lies in the fact that he was able to create equally interesting works, both entertaining and deeply philosophical, making one think about the place of a person in society.
English writer, also British intelligence officer Graham Green.
Henry Graham Green was born into the family of a school principal. Since childhood, he loved to read adventure literature. He was often teased at school, which led Graham to attempt suicide. After that, Graham Greene left school and graduated from college at Oxford University.
Creative activity of Graham Greene / Graham Greene
At the beginning of his career Graham Green worked as a freelance correspondent Times, but after the release of his first novel "Man Inside" in 1929 he gave up journalism. His subsequent books were with elements of the detective genre, and the writer himself called them "entertaining". A book was published in 1935 "England Made Me" about the impact of progress on the life of society and on people.
In 1932, Greene's novel The Train Goes to Istanbul was first filmed.
In the 30s Graham Green traveled. After wandering around Mexico, the writer wrote his best novel "Power and Glory" which was initially condemned by the Catholic Church. The novel describes the events of 1916 in Mexico, when the Catholic Church was severely persecuted.
During the Second World War Green was the representative of the British Foreign Office in Portugal, but in fact - a spy. After the war Graham Green worked as a correspondent in Vietnam, Indochina and West Africa, after which he wrote a novel "The Quiet American". Green worked as a war reporter in trouble spots.
In 1950 Graham Green was nominated for an Oscar for Best Adapted Film Screenplay "The Defeated Idol". However, he did not receive an award. After 4 years, Green acted as a producer of the film "The Hand of a Stranger".
Graham Greene was repeatedly nominated for the Nobel Prize, but he never received it.
Ten of the 26 novels written Graham Greene, screened. Greene is also known for his plays, essays and short stories.
The last years of his life the writer lived in France and Switzerland, where he died in 1991.
Personal life of Graham Greene / Graham Greene
During his Oxford years, Graham Greene courted Vivienne Dayrell-Browning. She was 19 and she was in no hurry to get married. At the same time, having seen in Vivien a certain image of the Madonna, Graham threw all his strength into conquering the heart of the beauty. For two and a half years, he wrote her more than two thousand letters. For the sake of Vivienne Green became a Catholic.
After their wedding Graham Green began to often go to a brothel, because his young wife was afraid of carnal love. But their marriage still had two children.
In the mid-30s, the writer had a serious affair with the prostitute Annette. He visited brothels in every country he visited.
Greene's marriage to Vivien fell apart before the outbreak of the war. And in 1939 she became his mistress Dorothy Glover, dancer and future book illustrator. She was fat and short, and her facial features looked like a frog, many of the writer's friends could not understand why she bewitched him.
Screen adaptations of the works of Graham Greene / Graham Greene
- 1940 - 21 days
- 1942 - Guns for Hire
- 1944 - Ministry of Fear
- 1945 - Secret agent
- 1947 - Fugitive
- 1947 - Brighton Rock
- 1948 - Defeated Idol
- 1949 - The Third Man
- 1953 - Heart of the matter
- 1955 - End of the novel
- 1957 - Saint Joan
- 1958 - The Quiet American
- 1959 - Our Man in Havana
- 1967 - Comedians
- 1972 - Traveling with my aunt
- 1973 - England made me
- 1979 - The Human Factor
- 1982 - A shocking accident
- 1983 - Honorary Consul
- 1988 - Tenth person
- 1990 - Roulette of Happiness
- 1991 - Killer Trap
- 2001 - Double Trouble
- 2001 - The Quiet American
- 2006 - The End of the Party
- 2010 - Brighton Lollipop
- 2013 - A Little Place Off the Edgware Road
British writer, playwright and literary critic. One of the most famous writers of the 20th century; equally loved and revered by the broad masses of the people and lovers of intellectual literature.
Graham Greene was born in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, England (Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, England). He was the fourth of six children; his younger brother Hugh (Hugh) later became the director general of the BBC, and the eldest - Raymond (Raymond) - an outstanding physician and climber.
At school, Graham Greene had a hard time - despite the fact that the headmaster of this school was his own father. Bullying classmates several times brought Green to suicide attempts. Ultimately, 16-year-old Graham was sent to London to psychoanalysts - a step at that time almost extreme. It should be noted that Graham had friends at school - satirist Claud Cockburn and historian Peter Quennell.
In 1922, Graham Greene joined - albeit briefly - in the ranks of the Communist Party of Great Britain.
In 1925, Green - at that time studying at Balliol College, Oxford (Balliol College, Oxford) - published his first book; the collection of poems "Babbling April" was received rather sluggishly. At Oxford, Graham continued to suffer from a rather severe depression, but he did not show it.
After graduating with a degree in history, Green took a job as a private teacher. Graham later switched to journalism; first he worked for the Nottingham Journal, then for The Times. Back in the "Nottingham Journal" Graham met Vivien Dayrell-Browning (Vivien Dayrell-Browning), who managed to turn him from an agnostic to a Catholic. In 1926, Greene finally retrained as a Catholic, and in 1927 he married Vivien. In marriage, they had two children. In 1948, Vivien and Graham parted ways; the writer later had several more novels, but he never received a divorce and did not marry a second time.
Green published his first book, The Man Within, in 1929. His debut was received quite warmly; Graham gained confidence in himself, quit his job as an assistant editor and switched to writing books. His next works, "The Name of Action" and "Rumour at Nightfall", unfortunately, did not repeat the success of the first book. The fourth book, "The Istanbul Express" ("Stamboul Train"), readers liked - two years later it was even made into a film.
There was Graham Greene at the time on the income from books and the wages of a freelance journalist. In parallel, Green edited the magazine Night and Day, which closed in 1937. Green himself played some role in this - his review of the painting "Wee Willie Winkie" cost the magazine a lost lawsuit. Graham Greene called the film's star, 9-year-old Shirley Temple, a "doubtful coquette"; this review is now considered one of the first examples of criticism of the compulsive sexualization of children.
Greene's books can be roughly divided into two types - thrillers (mostly entertaining literature with slight philosophical overtones) and more serious works (on which, according to Graham, his reputation was based). Over time, however, these species began to merge to the point of almost complete indistinguishability; Graham's last "purely entertaining" book was "Our Man in Havana" in 1958.
Greene was rightfully considered one of the most "cinematic" writers of his time; most of his stories and many of his plays and stories were filmed sooner or later. Between 1934 and 2010, according to the Internet Movie Database, 66 films based on Graham Greene's books were released.
Throughout his life, Graham Greene traveled extensively; very often fate brought him to corners of the globe extremely remote from England. The active traveler was eventually recruited into MI6; this was done by Green's sister Elizabeth (Elisabeth), who was already working for British intelligence. Green's friend and leader was Kim Philby himself, who later turned out to be a Soviet agent. Traveling helped Graham Greene in his literary activity - he often introduced the characters he met into his own works.
Green left Europe for the first time at the age of 30, in 1935 - then he went to Liberia (Liberia). The trip gave him enough material for the travel diary "Journey Without Maps" ("Journey Without Maps"). In 1938, Graham Greene went to Mexico (Mexico); the writer wished to personally oversee the government's new anti-Catholic secularization program. Based on this trip, Graham Greene wrote two books - the documentary "The Lawless Roads", published in the United States under the name "Another Mexico" ("Another Mexico") and the fictional "The Power and Glory" ("The Power and the Glory"). In 1953, Graham was given to understand that The Power and the Glory was clearly damaging the reputation of the church; this message, apparently, came from the highest echelons of church authority. It is known, however, that later Green had a chance to talk with Pope Paul VI himself; he admitted that some fragments of the priests really hurt, but in general, Green should not pay attention to critics.
In 1966, Green, who became a victim of financial fraud, decided to leave Britain and settle in Antibes (Antibes) - closer to his new lover, Yvonne Cloetta (Yvonne Cloetta). Their romance continued until the death of the writer.
