People love to evaluate each other. It is easy to compare physical indicators and financial situation, but it is not at all easy to evaluate mental abilities. However, this task has always stood in society: both when hiring a person (especially in government and research organizations), and when enrolling students in educational institutions. Some qualitative characteristics are not enough, for an objective assessment, exact numbers are needed. And how and with what to measure the mind?

Alfred Binet's successful experiments in testing French schoolchildren

At the beginning of the last century, the French psychologist A. Binet, on behalf of the government, developed tests for Parisian schoolchildren. The task was to assess the ability of children to study. To evaluate the test results, Binet introduced a coefficient that showed how much a student was above or below his physical age. If a ten-year-old child solved the problems of an eleven-year-old, then his coefficient was 110 units. When calculating, mental age (in this case 11 years old) was divided by physical age - 10 years old - and multiplied by 100.

The tasks were designed so that the majority of children completed all tests of their age group, that is, the average coefficient for peers was 100. If a student did not cope with these tasks, but mastered only more primitive tasks, then his ability coefficient was less than 100. In this case, to he had to be treated differently at school.

Introduction and development of tests for adults

The results of the French psychologist were very impressive and were picked up by psychologists in other countries. His approach to the numerical assessment of intellectual abilities was taken as a basis and extended to all age groups. For adults, the calculation method was different, but the idea remained the same.

The first intelligence scale for adults was created in 1939 by D. Wexler. IQ (intelligence quotient, intelligence quotient) shows how much a particular person is better or worse at solving intellectual problems relative to the average level. The number 100 is taken as the average level. It is believed that IQ gives an assessment of a person's intelligence. If it is equal to 90-110, then the person has average abilities. If IQ is in the range of 120-130, then the person's abilities are above average. If IQ is more than 140, then the person is a genius. Those people who show results below 70 in tests are considered mentally retarded.

The term IQ was coined by the German psychologist Wilhelm Stern in 1912. What is the IQ level of famous people? Politicians, rulers of states, scientists? For example, what is Einstein's IQ? We will talk about this further.

Eysenck tests - the most famous, but not the most accurate

Before we find out what kind of IQ Einstein had, let's talk about the most popular test with which you can determine his level. One of the first to actively develop IQ tests for adults was the German-born British psychologist Hans Jürgen Eysenck (1916-1997). He conducted research, wrote articles and books, and gave lectures. Not all scientists agreed with his views, but Eysenck's tests at that time were the most thoughtful and easily applicable, therefore they were widely used in various studies.

Eysenck tests were intended for people with secondary and higher education aged 18 to 50 years. The maximum IQ coefficient on the Eysenck tests is 180 points.

Each test consists of text, digital and graphic tasks, the solution of which is found using logic. The complexity of the tasks is increasing. The test consists of 40 questions, which take 30 minutes to solve. The tasks are designed in such a way that the verbal, mathematical and visual-spatial abilities of the test-taker are fully manifested. All assignments are not required.

Eysenck's tests are widely used now, although there are many tests created by other scientists (D. Wexler, J. Raven, R. Amthauer, R. B. Kettell.) and give a more accurate assessment of the level of intelligence. But they are all more labor intensive. There is currently no single standard for IQ tests. And what is Einstein's IQ according to the Eysenck test? You will know about it soon.

Relationship between IQ and occupation

Psychologists conducted mass testing of people in different social groups and got quite expected results. The average IQ of unskilled workers is 87. Rural and semi-skilled workers have an IQ of 92. Office workers, salespeople, skilled workers, and foremen have an IQ of around 101. Managers and administrators score 104 points. For people with higher education, IQ is 114 points, for candidates of science it reaches 125.

It must be understood that these are the average values ​​of the level of intelligence in a group of subjects. They do not claim that among the farmers there will not be a person with an IQ of 110, and among the graduates of the institute there will not be people with a coefficient of 90.

And what indicator did the scientist Einstein Albert have? According to the above information, his IQ should be at least 125. Well, now you will find out the answer to the main question.

IQ level of Einstein and other historical figures

The creator Albert Einstein is perhaps the most famous scientist of our time. Most people who know about him consider him a man of genius. So how much IQ does Einstein have?

By the time of his death, research on the calculation of IQ was just gaining momentum, and Eisenck's tests Einstein did not pass. But scientists really wanted to answer this question, and they came up with indirect methods for assessing intelligence. The Swenson-Krein method, for example, analyzes behavior and verbal statements. Einstein's IQ test showed stunning results. According to all calculations, it turned out that the IQ of the great physicist was in no way less than 160, or even all 200. The scatter is explained by different assessment methods and a different set of initial data. Each researcher defends his method and his results. There is no consensus on this issue.

IQ level of other historical figures

In the same indirect way, the intelligence of other historical figures was assessed. Philosopher Benedict Spinoza had an IQ of 175, Blaise Pascal had 171, Isaac Newton had 190, Leonardo da Vinci had 180, Charles Darwin had 165. You can find data from other scientific and political figures of the past. The question is what to do next with this information ... Einstein himself was very skeptical about the possibility of evaluating the mental abilities of a person in numbers.

People with the highest IQs

There is a Mensa International club in the world, where people with a high IQ value are accepted. Each person can pass the test and, if they have a high IQ, be accepted into this club. To date, the club has more than 100 thousand members from all over the world. Among them are scientists, artists, politicians, students, drivers.

The highest scores are:

• Terence Tao (mathematician, Australia, IQ 230).
• Marilyn Vos Savant (journalist, USA, IQ 228).
• Christopher Hirata (astrophysicist, USA, IQ 225).
• Kim Ung-Yong (mathematician, South Korea, IQ 210).

Most famous people in the world also have a high IQ. For example, Microsoft founders Paul Allen and Bill Gates have IQs of 170 and 160, respectively. A. Schwarzenegger has an IQ of 135, the ex-president has an IQ of 137. Brad Pitt has an IQ of 119, Angelina Jolie has an IQ of 118.

Interestingly, people with average intelligence are also popular. Here are the owners of low IQ, who are known and loved by everyone:

• Bruce Willis - American actor, IQ = 101.
• Britney Spears - American pop singer, IQ = 98.
• Muhammad Ali - American boxer, IQ = 78.
• Sylvester Stallone is an American actor, screenwriter, and director with an IQ of 54.

What dependencies have been revealed by psychological studies of intelligence in different population groups

• Intelligence actively develops in childhood and adolescence and reaches its peak at about 26 years of age. In the future, it remains at the same level or falls. But with the right lifestyle and regular training, the IQ increases.
• To a greater extent, IQ is determined by genetic characteristics (about 80%), but living conditions, especially in childhood, also affect its value.
• There is a connection between the IQ value of the inhabitants of the country and its economic condition, the development of democratic institutions and religiosity.
• Crimes are more often committed by people with an IQ of 70-90, and this indicator does not depend on race.
• Poor nutrition in childhood reduces the intelligence quotient. Iodine deficiency and marijuana use also lower IQ. The decrease can reach 10-12 points.
• Breastfeeding a child helps to increase the level of his intelligence.
• People with a high IQ have a longer life expectancy and are less likely to get sick.
• As a rule, beautiful people have a higher IQ.

Is it worth taking the test yourself?

Despite more than a century of history of studying intelligence, scientists have not come to a consensus on what intelligence is and how to measure it correctly. With a general definition of intelligence as the ability to act intelligently and successfully cope with all life circumstances, according to most psychologists, but then discrepancies begin. Therefore, all IQ estimates should be considered approximate, which characterize a person only in part. You now know what was the IQ of Einstein and other famous personalities. Everyone should take the test though. What if they get accepted into the Mensa International club?

Have you ever thought about who is the most intelligent, talented and comprehensively developed person in the history of mankind? It is safe to call Leonardo da Vinci, but he is far from the only genius of our civilization. High intelligence is a double-edged sword. It can be both the greatest gift and a real curse for the person who possesses it. However, each of these people is a real person, despite the difficult destinies and difficult relationships with the surrounding individuals, fading against the backdrop of such bright "stars". But do not be upset, the brain can be developed and “pumped up” with knowledge and skills. So take this list as motivation!

The most famous person is Albert Einstein

"Disheveled" symbol of the 20th century

Born in Germany, Einstein became a symbol of science and progress throughout the 20th century. His last name has become a household name for smart people. He is one of two theoretical physicists that almost anyone can name (the other is likely to be Stephen Hawking). During his life he wrote more than 300 scientific articles, but he is also known as an ardent opponent of nuclear weapons (he regularly wrote letters to President Roosevelt warning about the dangers of using atomic bombs). Einstein also supported Jewish scientific development and stood at the origins of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.

The IQ of a physicist is difficult to calculate accurately, since such studies were not conducted during his life, but his acquaintances and followers speak of a figure in the range from 170 to 190 points.

To become famous, you need not only external data and charisma. The level of intelligence also plays a significant role, and among celebrities there are really smart people with a very high IQ level. As you know, a normal person has an average IQ of 98. By today's standards, Albert's IQ would be 160, and Galileo Galilei's would be 182. Today's list includes celebrities who have an IQ level higher than that of Einstein himself, and even higher than Galileo himself. So who are these 12 celebrities with the highest IQ?

1. James Woods - 184

The IQ level of James Woods just rolls over - 184! The Once Upon a Time in America and Casino celebrity, upon admission to MIT, passed the Academic Assessment Test with a maximum score of 800 in text analysis and 779 in math. Shortly before graduating, Woods dropped out to pursue a career in acting.

2. Rowan Atkinson - 178

The second highest IQ celebrity is Rowan Atkinson. The author and performer of the role of the famous Mr. Bean in life is not at all like his somewhat silly character. After graduating from Newcastle University with a degree in electrical engineering, Atkinson continued his studies at Oxford, where he received a master's degree in electrical engineering. While still at Oxford, the future television celebrity became interested in theater and, after graduating from university, began writing scripts and working as a radio presenter.

3. Ashton Kutcher - 160

Yes, that's right, and not through "a", contrary to the rules of pronunciation and our established opinion, the name of this actor sounds. Kutcher is a versatile person, in addition to cinema, he has been modeling in Paris and Milan, in particular, he has appeared in advertising campaigns for Calvin Klein, he is also known as a restaurateur and is quite successful in venture capital investments in Internet start-up resources.

4. Lisa Kudrow - 160

Lisa Kudrow also has a high IQ. Ironically, a celebrity with such a mind usually plays very frivolous persons - which is worth only her Phoebe Buffay from the television series Friends. The actress at one time received a bachelor's degree in biology and worked for eight years with her father, who was a doctor. Lisa took up acting almost by accident, deciding to help her father earn money for his medical research.

5. Dolph Lundgren - 160

The fifth highest IQ celebrity is Dolph Lundgren. Having started his career with a triumph in Rocky 4, Lundgren lived up to his sports heroes in life. In 1980, before moving to the US, he became the captain of the Swedish karate team. In Stockholm, Lundgren received a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering and continued his education at the University of Sydney, where he received a master's degree. In 1983, he was awarded an MIT Fulbright Scholarship and was due to continue his studies in Boston for a doctorate, but met singer Grace Jones, for whom he became a bodyguard and close friend for several years. He never made it to Boston.

6. Quentin Tarantino - 160

Tarantino left school at 15 and went to work in a video store. Having seen enough films, he decided to make his own movie, and as it turned out, quite successfully. It looks like the celebrity's high IQ played a role.

7. Cindy Crawford - 154

Cindy Crawford is in no way inferior to male celebrities with a high IQ. Before her photos appeared on the covers of fashion magazines, tempting prospects opened up for Cindy in the field of education. As the best graduate, she was entrusted with a farewell speech at the end of school, then Crawford received an academic scholarship at Northwestern University, where she was supposed to leave as a chemical engineer. However, without studying for a semester, she dropped out of school for the sake of the modeling business.

8. Sharon Stone - 154

The actress and former model attended Edinboro University in Pennsylvania but dropped out to pursue a modeling career.

9. David Duchovny - 147

The X-Files star is not only a handsome man, but also an intellectual. He graduated from Princeton University in 1982 with a bachelor's degree in English literature, and continued his education at Yale, where he received a master's degree. But his dissertation "Magic and Technology in Modern Poetry and Prose" was never completed - David decided to become an actor.

10. Madonna - 140

Incredibly, Madonna also made it to the list of celebrities with the highest IQ. Probably the most appropriate word when it comes to Madonna. The most commercially successful performer (included in the Guinness Book of Records), the most influential woman (included in the list of "25 most influential women of the 20th century" according to Time magazine), the most terrible actress ("Golden Raspberry" 2000). No wonder she is also the smartest.

11. Shakira - 140

Voted one of the most powerful women on the planet in 2013 and 2014 by Forbes, this celebrity is one of the most intelligent pop stars. She has achieved tremendous success in the musical field, is interested in world culture and education. Shakira is a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador, is actively involved in charity work and has opened two schools for children.

12. Natalie Portman - 140

Natalie Portman completes the list of celebrities with the highest IQ. One of the most beautiful and talented actresses is also a very smart woman. She received her bachelor's degree from Harvard and speaks six languages.

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The Australian mathematician, the author of the Green-Tao theorem, has the highest IQ level, his name is Terence Tao. Getting results over 200 points is a very rare occurrence, because most of the inhabitants of our planet barely score 100 points. People with extremely high IQs (over 150) can be found among Nobel laureates. It is these people who move science forward, make discoveries in various professional fields. Among them are the American writer Marilyn vos Savant, the astrophysicist Christopher Hirata, the phenomenal reader Kim Peak, who can read a page of text in a few seconds, the Briton Daniel Tammet, who memorizes thousands of digits, Kim Ung-Yong, who studied at the university at the age of 3, and other famous personalities. with amazing abilities.

How is a person's IQ formed?

The level of IQ is influenced by several factors, including heredity, environment (family, school, social status of a person). The age of the test subject also significantly affects the result of passing the test. At the age of 26, as a rule, a person's intelligence reaches its peak, and then only decreases.

It is worth noting that some people with exceptionally high IQ in everyday life turned out to be completely helpless. For example, Kim Peak could not fasten the buttons on his clothes. In addition, not everyone has such a talent appeared from birth. Daniel Tammet gained his ability to memorize vast numbers of numbers after suffering from a terrible epileptic seizure as a child.

IQ level above 140

People with IQs over 140 are the owners of excellent creative abilities who have achieved success in various scientific fields. Famous people with an IQ score of 140 or more include Bill Gates and Stephen Hawking. Such geniuses of their era are known for their outstanding abilities, they make an incredibly high contribution to the development of knowledge and science, create new inventions and theories. Such people are only 0.2% of the total population.

IQ level from 131 to 140

Only 3% of the population has a high IQ. Among the famous people who have a similar test result are Nicole Kidman and Arnold Schwarzenegger. These are successful people with high mental abilities, they can reach heights in various fields of activity, science and creativity. Want to check who is smarter - you or Schwarzenegger?

IQ level from 121 to 130

The intellectual level above the average shows only 6% of the population. Such people can be seen in universities, as they are usually excellent students in all disciplines, successfully graduate from universities, realize themselves in various professions and achieve high results.

IQ level from 111 to 120

If you think that the average iq is about 110, then you are wrong. This indicator refers to intelligence above average. People with test scores between 111 and 120 are usually hardworking and have a life long pursuit of knowledge. There are about 12% of such people among the population.

IQ level from 101 to 110

IQ level from 91 to 100

If you passed the test, and the result turned out to be less than 100 points, do not be upset, because this average is in a quarter of the population. People with such indicators of intelligence study well at school and universities, they get jobs in the field of middle management and other specialties that do not require significant mental effort.

IQ level from 81 to 90

One tenth of the population has a level of intelligence below average. Their IQ test scores are between 81 and 90. These people usually do well in school, but most often do not graduate. They can work in the field of physical labor, in industries that do not require the use of intellectual abilities.

IQ level from 71 to 80

Another tenth of the population has an IQ level of 71 to 80, which is already a sign of mental retardation of a lesser degree. Individuals with this score tend to attend special schools, but may also graduate from regular elementary school with average grades.

IQ level from 51 to 70

About 7% of people have a mild form of mental retardation and an IQ level of 51 to 70. They study in special institutions, but they are able to take care of themselves, and are relatively full members of society.

IQ level from 21 to 50

About 2% of people on Earth have an intellectual development level of 21 to 50 points, they suffer from dementia, an average degree of mental retardation. Such people cannot learn, but are able to take care of themselves, but most often have guardians.

IQ level up to 20

People with a severe form of mental retardation are not amenable to training and education, they have an intellectual development level of up to 20 points. They are under the care of other people, because they cannot take care of themselves, and live in their own world. There are 0.2% of such people in the world.