Retreat to Alabama: "Bull" Connor and Pastor King

Retreat to Alabama: "Bull" Connor and Pastor King Alabama is not the greatest American state, but, as if to justify its official nickname Heart of the South, in the middle of the last 20th century it often found itself out of order in the center of American and even world news. 1955 .

Fergus O'Connor

O "Connor (O" Connor), Fergus (18.VII.1794 - 30.VIII.1855) - one of the leaders Chartism. Brilliant speaker and publicist. Irish by nationality. From the 1920s he took part in the Irish national liberation movement; as opposed to liberal About Connel took radical positions. He was the founder (1837) and editor-in-chief of the Chartist newspaper "Northern Star" and one of the leaders of the Chartist Great Northern Union (founded in May 1838). At the Chartist convention of 1839, in opposition to Lovett, he defended the revolutionary methods of struggle for the People's Charter (the principle of "physical force"). Twice (in 1840 and 1843) he was prosecuted and imprisoned. He resolutely fought against the attempts of bourgeois radicals and free-traders to subdue the Chartist movement. Since 1843 - Member of the Executive Committee of the National Chartist Association. O'Connor combined anti-capitalist speeches and protection of the interests of the working class with the propaganda of a petty-bourgeois utopia about the return of workers to the land. In 1845, for this purpose, O'Connor founded the Land Society. In 1847 he was elected the first proletarian delegate to the British Parliament. In April 1848, while preparing for a speech by the Chartists, he showed indecision, essentially calling for the renunciation of the revolutionary struggle. After 1848, O'Connor's supporters played the role of a reformist sect in the Chartist movement.

L. I. Golman. Moscow.

Soviet historical encyclopedia. In 16 volumes. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1973-1982. Volume 10. NAKHIMSON - PERGAM. 1967.

Read further:

Historical Persons of England (Great Britain) (biographical index).

Compositions:

The employer and employed, L., 1844;

The trial of F. O "Connor and 58 others, Manch., 1843.

Literature:

K. Marx and F. Engels, Soch., 2nd ed., vol. 4, 7, 11 (see Index of names);

Schluter G., Chartist movement, trans. from German., M., 1925;

Cole G. D. H., Chartist portraits, L., 1941.

Fergus Edward O'Connor(English) Feargus Edward O'Connor, July 18 ( 17960718 ) , Connorville, Ireland - August 30, London) - Irish lawyer, one of the leaders of the Chartists.

Biography

Twice - in 1840 and 1843 - he was tried and served time in prison. In 1843 Fergus O'Connor became a member of the Executive Committee of the National Chartist Association. In 1845 he founded the Land Society. In 1847 O'Connor became the first representative of the proletariat in the English Parliament. During the preparation of the Chartist speech in April 1848, he showed uncertainty, calling for the abandonment of the struggle.

Fergus O'Connor was declared insane in 1853. The leader of the Chartists in the Kingdom of Great Britain died in 1855 at the age of 59.

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Notes

Links

• O'Connor, Fergus Edward // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
• O'Connor Fergus Edward // Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - M. : Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.

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Excerpt characterizing O'Connor, Fergus

Mom was completely subdued by dad's poems ... And he wrote a lot of them to her and brought them to her work every day along with huge posters drawn by his own hand (dad drew superbly), which he unfolded right on her desktop, and on which , among all kinds of painted flowers, it was written in large letters: “Annushka, my little star, I love you!”. Naturally, what woman could endure this for a long time and not give up? .. They no longer parted ... Using every free minute to spend it together, as if someone could take it away from them. Together they went to the cinema, to dances (which they both loved very much), walked in the charming Alytus city park, until one fine day they decided that enough dates were enough and that it was time to take a look at life a little more seriously. They soon got married. But only my father's friend (my mother's younger brother) Jonas knew about this, since neither from my mother's side, nor from my father's relatives, this union did not cause much enthusiasm ... My mother's parents predicted for her a rich neighbor-teacher, who they really liked and, according to their understanding, my mother “suited” perfectly, and in my father’s family at that time there was no time for marriage, since grandfather was put in prison at that time, as an “accomplice of the noble” (which, for sure, they tried to “break” the stubbornly resisting dad), and my grandmother went to the hospital from a nervous shock and was very sick. Dad was left with his little brother in his arms and now had to manage the entire household alone, which was very difficult, since the Seryogins at that time lived in a large two-story house (in which I later lived), with a huge old garden around. And, of course, such an economy required good care ...
So three long months passed, and my dad and mom, already married, were still going on dates, until mom accidentally went to dad’s house one day and found a very touching picture there ... Dad stood in the kitchen in front of the stove and looked unhappy “replenished” the hopelessly growing number of pots of semolina porridge, which at that moment was cooking for his little brother. But for some reason, the "harmful" porridge for some reason became more and more, and poor dad could not understand what was happening ... Mom, struggling to hide her smile so as not to offend the unlucky "cook", rolled up her sleeves right there began to put in order all this “stagnant domestic mess”, starting with completely occupied, “porridge stuffed” pots, an indignantly hissing stove ... helplessness, and decided to immediately move to this territory, which was still completely alien and unfamiliar to her ... And although it was not very easy for her at that time either - she worked at the post office (to support herself), and in the evenings she went to occupations for passing examinations in medical school.

Fergus O'Connor (07/18/1796-08/30/1855)

Fergus O'Connor is an Irish lawyer, a poor landowner, leader of the Chartist movement. O'Connor comes from Ireland. He was educated as a lawyer. He was one of the active participants in the national liberation movement in Ireland, which was in the 20s of the 19th century. But shortly after the rebellion, Fergus was forced to move to England. In England, he became the publisher of the main newspaper of the Chartists, the Northern Star, and the organizer in 1838 of the Great Northern Union. At the very beginning of the Chartist movement, he became the leader of its left wing. The Chartist movement is the first independently politically created movement of the English proletariat. The goal of the "Great Northern Society" is to transform the political system through a new parliamentary reform in the interests of the entire working class and all working people. The composition of the "Great Northern Community" included: workers, to a greater extent associated with capitalist production. But Fergus O'Connor did not belong to the working class either by origin or by ideology. He dreamed of the return of workers to the land and agriculture, since he did not understand the role of factory production. He was not a revolutionary: he was convinced that the worker the class will be able to achieve reform peacefully without violence, and Fergus considered his threats to use physical force as a ploy in order to frighten and force the ruling circles to make concessions. O "Connor believed that it was possible to win even without resorting to rebellion, he defended this position at the National Chartist Convention on February 4, 1839, which was held in London. It was the first Chartist convention to call itself the "General Convention of the Industrial Classes of Great Britain". This Convention was attended by 53 delegates who were elected at mass meetings throughout England. The most active, outstanding leaders of the Chartist movement were included in the Convention. (p. s. including Fergus O "Connor). O" Connor regularly spoke at rallies, whose powerful voice made a strong impression on the workers, and whose natural gift brought him great success and fame among the working population. In 1847, O'Connor, having won the election, was elected to the lower house of Parliament, and became the first deputy from the working class in the history of England.

O "CONNOR FERGUS EDWARD - one of the li-de-ditch of the char-ti-st-sko-th movement in We-li-ko-bri-ta-nii, zhur-on-list.

From an Irish pro-tes-tant family. Ple-myan-nick A. O'Connor. He spent his childhood years in the estate of ro-di-te-lei in Ireland. I studied law at Tri-ni-ti-col-ice in Dub-le-ne. Since the 1820s, with-no-small participation in the Irish national-os-in-bo-ditelny movement, for-no-small ra-di-kal-nye-zi-tion. In 1832, with the support of D. O'Connell, he was elected to the lower pa-la-tu par-la-men-ta from the Earl of Cork. The active side of the par-la-ment reform-we, from the me-na of the Anglo-ir-land union of 1801 and the division of the de- sya-ti-ny in favor of the Pro-tes-tant-church-vi of Ir-land-dia. In 1835, O'Connor's re-marriage to par-la-ment en-well-li-ro-va-but due to non-co-ot-ve-st-of his own st-ven-no-sti property qualification. In 1837, together with J. Gar-ni os-no-val Lon-don de-mo-cratic as-so-cia-tion, fighting for pre-dos-tav-le - nie all-gen-of-the-go-from-bi-rato-pra-va, free-bo-du-press-sy, from-me-well “But-in-go-for-to-on about the poor”, mustache -ta-nov-le-nie 8-hour-so-on-the-th-ra-bo-th-day, prohibition of children's labor at factories. Ru-po-rum as-so-cia-tion became-la head-of-lyae-may O'Connor daily newspaper "No-rthern Star", from-da-wav-shay-sya to Leed-se (York-shire) and would-st-ro for-voe-wav-shay-po-lyar-ness. In 1838, one of the uch-re-di-te-lei and ru-ko-vo-di-te-lei of the char-ti-st-sko-go Bol-sho-go northern union. In 1839, at the Char-ti-st-con-ven-te, you-stepped for the use of the “phy-zi-che-force” in the fight for the osu- sche-st-in-le-tion of the "People's charter". One-on-the-revolutionary methods of fighting would be ras-smat-ri-val only as an extreme measure, I use it for the purpose of self-mo -obo-ro-ny. As a result, they drive across the country and you-st-p-le-niy with an explanation of the “People’s Charter”, as well as bless go-da-rya kri-ti-ke "But-in-go-to-on-the-poor" became one of the most popular char-ti-st-li- de-ditch. Not-one-but-times-but under-ver-gal-xia-su-deb-ny pre-follow-to-va-no-pits. In 1840, for kri-ti-ku po-li-ti-ki pr-vi-tel-st-va vi-gov in Ireland-land-dia at-go-vo-ryon by 18-month-syach-no- mu for the key. In 1843, he was a member of the Executive Committee of the National Char-ti-st-as-sociation. In 1845, the os-no-val Coo-pe-ra-tiv-nuyu land company of char-ti-stov, someone-paradise on the way to buy large names -ny with the next-blowing raz-de-scrap of the earth-whether on small learning-st-ki and re-da-whose their ra-bo-chim on-me-re-va-las re-sew pro-ble-mu no-shche-you. Kom-pa-niya would-la announce-yav-le-na not-co-from-vet-st-vuyu-schey for-to-but-da-tel-st-vu and pre-kra-ti-la su -sche-st-in-va-nie in 1851. In 1847, he was elected to par-la-ment from Not-tin-ge-ma, became the first chairman of the hundred-vi-te-lem workers in the legislative or-ga-not . In April 1848, one of the or-ga-ni-za-to-ditch mi-ting-ga in Lon-do-ne, re-re-gave the pe-ti-tion of char-ti-stov in par-la-ment , someone-ry, one-to-one, from-ka-hall-sya its dis-smat-ri-vat in view of-day-st-via not-about-ho-di-mo-to -whether-che-st-va under-pi-this and on-li-chia among them fik-tiv-nyh. Since the end of the 1840s, in the conditions of the char-tist-sko-go movement, O'Connor and his side for-nya-whether more moderate in-zi-tion, you-stepping for constitutional pre-ob-ra-zo-va-nia. In 1852, O'Connor moved to the United States. By re-turn-ing, it was declared psycho-chi-che-ski sick and placed in a clinic, in some swarm so-der 1854.

Compositions:

State of Ireland. Cork, ;

The Trial of F. O'Connor and fifty others at Lancaster on a charge of sedition. Manchester, 1843;

Practical work on the management of small farms. L., 1843.