POPULATION About 3/4 of the world's population lives in Eurasia. The population is about 4.8 billion people. Worldwide 6.8 billion Eurasia 4.8 billion Africa 900 million North America 400 million South America 300 million Australia and Oceania 16 million

DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION On the vast and diverse territory of the mainland, the population is distributed extremely unevenly. Eurasia has some of the highest population density in the world. One of the reasons for the high density is the age of settlement. So, people in the distant past settled in East and South Asia. The density of the rural population here sometimes reaches a person per 1 km².

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION At the same time, a significant part of the mainland is very sparsely populated. The highlands of Tibet and the Gobi in Central Asia are almost deserted, the deserts of the Arabian Peninsula scorched by the sun. The population in North Asia is small. TIBETANS MONGOLS-NOMADERS REINDEER HERDERS OF THE EXTREME NORTH

NATIONAL COMPOSITION The Germanic peoples are characterized by blond hair and fair skin. Romanesque peoples are dark-haired, swarthy. The language of the Romance peoples was formed on the basis of the Latin language. WHERE IN WESTERN EUROPE DO THE GERMAN AND ROMAN PEOPLES LIVE? ICELAND FRENCH WOMAN

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On the territory of Eurasia live peoples belonging to different language groups. Eastern Europe and Northern Asia are Slavic peoples. Slavs are divided into three branches: EASTERN Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians WESTERN Poles, Czechs, Slovaks SOUTHERN Bulgarians, Serbs, Croats, Slovenes

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Germanic and Romanesque peoples live in Western Europe in Switzerland and Germany. Germans are fair-haired, light-skinned, Romanesque - dark-haired and swarthy. The Romance language is based on Latin. The southern part of Asia is inhabited by numerous Indian peoples, but the Chinese are more numerous. The population of Eurasia is 4.5 billion, i.e. 304 of the total population of the world. In the southern part, the population density can reach 1000 - 1500 people per sq. km

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FEATURES OF THE RACES OF EURASIA: EUROPEOID MONGOLOID EQUATORIAL NORTHERN ______________ Inhabit the Northern and North-Western territories of the mainland; light hair and eyes SOUTH ______________ Southern Europe, Southwest Asia. Dark eyes and hair, dark skin CENTRAL AND EASTERN ASIA_______ Short, yellow-skinned skin, dark narrow eyes, wide nose, straight dark hair SOUTH ASIA AND SOUTHERN HINDOSTAN ______ Dark-skinned, flat-faced, dark wavy hair

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Working with the map: - Name the largest state of Eurasia - Name the smallest (dwarf) states - Island states - Peninsular states - Countries located on the coast - States that do not have access to the seas and oceans - States surrounded by the territory of another state - Name the state , which occupies 1st place in terms of the number of inhabitants, 2nd place ....

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Practical part. Assignment: using the textbook p. 256, atlas compile a table "Regions and countries of foreign Europe" Regions Countries Northern Europe Western Europe Southern Europe Eastern Europe

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Narrow, deep, winding sea bays with steep banks are called fjords. For example: the coastline of the Scandinavian p \ o. Fjords are comfortable for swimming. Moving ice smooths the surface, forming glacial deposits. Such a relief is called moraine. Such a relief on the Scandinavian p / o in Finland. The Finns call their country Suomi, the country of swamps.

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Practical part. Using the atlas, textbook § 67, make a description of the countries of Northern Europe Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, according to the plan: Name of the country and its capital - which states it borders on (land and sea borders; - which seas, which oceans it is washed by. 3. Features of natural conditions: relief, climate, inland waters, natural zones 4. The population of the country: - composition, density and distribution, - main occupation 5. Features of the economy: - extracted minerals, agricultural sectors D.Z. § 66, 67, prepare reports (presentation) on the countries of Western Europe (optional)

Population size and density

Eurasia, like Africa, is considered the ancestral home of man. As of the beginning of 2016, $5175 million people lived in Eurasia, including $4436 million in Asia and $739 million in Europe. In total, more than $2/3$ of the total population of the planet lives in Eurasia. Due to the heterogeneity of natural conditions, Eurasia is populated unevenly.

The most densely populated areas have a favorable climate and fertile soils. Such conditions are observed in the Mediterranean region and the lower reaches of the rivers of Asia.

The population density of Eurasia is on average $95 per square kilometer. Most of the world's most populated areas are located in Eurasia. These are, first of all, the Indo-Gangetic lowlands, where about $1 billion people live with a population density of $1,000 \person/km^2$, as well as the Great Plain of China, the Sichuan River Basin, the island of Java, and the Tokaido region in Japan.

Among the countries the most densely populated are Macao (China) - $21\352 \person/km^2$, Monaco - $19010 \person/km^2$ and Singapore - $7697 \person/km^2$. Population density increases dramatically in cities. The most populated cities of Eurasia are Shanghai (China) - $24.2 million people, Karachi (Pakistan) - $23.5 million people, Mumbai (India) - $22.0 million people, Beijing (China) - $21.5 million million people, Delhi (India) - $18.6 million people.

At the same time, there are very sparsely populated territories in Eurasia. These are highland and desert regions such as Tibet, the Gobi and the interior of the Arabian Peninsula. Among the entire states, this is Mongolia, where $2 \ people / km ^ 2$ lives, or Iceland with a population density of just over $ 3 \ people / km ^ 2 $. Less than $1\person/km^2$ lives in some dependent territories of European states.

Racial and ethnic composition

Eurasia is inhabited by representatives of different races and ethnic groups. Representatives of Caucasoid and Mongoloid predominate among the races, with representatives of the first living in Europe, Southwest and South Asia, and the second in East and Central Asia. Representatives of the Negroid race live on the island of Sri Lanka and the south of the Hindustan peninsula.

Eurasia is also multi-ethnic, representatives of different peoples live here. Language groups and families are formed according to linguistic features.

The population of Europe belongs mainly to the Indo-European language family, which includes the Germanic, Romance and Slavic language groups. Asia is predominantly populated by representatives of the Sino-Tibetan language family, which consists of Chinese and Tibeto-Burmese groups.

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The largest peoples of the region are the Chinese, Hindustanis, Bengalis, Biharis, and Japanese. Most of the countries of Eurasia are multinational states. $150 people live in India and Indonesia, $100 people live in the Philippines, $50 people live in China and Vietnam, about $30 people live in Thailand and Iran. Relatively mono-ethnic states are an exception for Eurasia. An example is Japan, where $98.5\%$ of the population belongs to the titular nation, or Iceland, where $98.99\%$ are Icelandic. Ethnic diversity is intensified due to the division of peoples by the borders of countries. In particular, Kurds live in Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria, Afghans live in Afghanistan and Pakistan, Bengalis live in India and Pakistan.

Religious composition of the population

The religious composition of the population of Eurasia is also heterogeneous. Foreign Asia (in relation to Russia) is the cradle of all world religions. Islam of various currents is professed by the population of the countries of Western and South-Western Asia. Hinduism is most widespread in India, Buddhism - in China, Mongolia, Korea and Japan, Judaism - in Israel. Most of the population of Europe professes Christianity.

The peoples of Eurasia make up almost three-quarters of the total population of the earth. A large number of different ethnic groups live on the mainland, which differ in appearance, mentality, culture and language.

Each people of Eurasia belongs to a specific language family, which, in turn, is divided into groups. The speech of each people in the family is similar and comes from one common parent language. Languages ​​that are in the same group sometimes differ only in pronunciation or spelling.

Most languages ​​were formed territorially. This explains the fact that different peoples of Eurasia have almost the same or similar speech. There is a hypothesis that ancient people developed their speech by listening to the sounds of the wildlife of the area, and therefore some languages ​​​​are very similar to the sounds that animals make.

Classification of the languages ​​of the peoples of Eurasia

To date, 7 language families have been recorded, which unite all the languages ​​\u200b\u200band dialects of the peoples living on the mainland. Each of these families is divided into language groups of the peoples of Eurasia. There are 17 of them.

All languages ​​are divided into:

1. Indo-European family:

• Slavic group (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Polish, Czech and Bulgarian);
• German group (English, German, Norwegian and Swedish);
• Baltic group (Lithuanian and Latvian);
• Romance group (Spanish, Portuguese, French and Italian);
• Celtic group (Irish);
• Greek group (Greek);
• Iranian group (Tajik, Afghan and Ossetian);
• Indo-Aryan group (Hindustani and Nepalese);
• Armenian group (Armenian);

2. Kartvelian family (Georgian).

3. Afroasian family:

• Semitic group (Arabic);

4. Ural-Yukogir family:

• Finno-Ugric group (Hungarian, Estonian and Finnish);

5. Altai family:

• Turkic group (Turkish, Kazakh and Kyrgyz);
• Mongolian group (Mongolian and Buryat);
• Japanese group (Japanese);
• Korean group (Korean);

6. Sino-Tibetan family (Chinese);

7. North Caucasian family:

• Abkhaz-Adyghe group (Abkhaz and Adyghe);
• Nakh-Dagestan group (Chechen).

How did the languages ​​of the peoples of Eurasia develop?

On the mainland of Eurasia, the most ancient civilizations were created and developed: India, China and Mesopotamia. They gave development to all other peoples, their states, culture, traditions and speech.

It did not stop, but people settled, developing new lands, inventing new words and expressions. This is how language groups appeared, and then families. Each people of Eurasia developed the already existing speech in its own way. People living in different places began to call the same things by different names. This is how dialects appeared, which then turned into full-fledged ones. Linguists divided all languages ​​into families and groups for easier study.

Indo-European language family

The largest language family in the world is the Indo-European family. These languages ​​are spoken by many peoples of Eurasia.

This language family owes such popularity to the conquerors and discoverers. Indo-European languages ​​were born in Eurasia, and it is considered the birthplace of all mankind along with Africa. People developed new territories and captured the indigenous peoples of other continents, then imposed their culture and language on them. Each people of Eurasia at that time tried to subjugate more territories and people. Many scientists associate such a wide spread of the Spanish, English and Russian languages ​​precisely with historical events.

What is the difference between Chinese and Japanese languages?

A common mistake many people make is to think that Chinese and Japanese are similar or almost the same. These two languages ​​are not just in different language families. People living in Japan and China are completely different, although they belong to the same race. Each of these countries is a separate people of Eurasia, having its own culture and language.

If the hieroglyphs themselves, which are written in these countries, are difficult enough to distinguish, this does not mean that the languages ​​are the same. Their first difference is that the Japanese write vertically, while the Chinese write horizontally.

Japanese speech is much rougher than Chinese. The Chinese language is filled with soft sounds. Japanese speech is harsher. A deeper study will show that the words in these languages ​​are different, as well as grammar and other rules.

Slavic languages

Slavic languages ​​are a language group of the Indo-European family. These languages ​​are very similar. Speakers of Slavic languages ​​can often understand each other almost without difficulty, while speaking in different languages. This is especially true for Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian speech.

They began to develop with the advent of the first Slavic tribes. Each tribe used its own dialect. The greater the distance between them, the more differences appeared in speech.

All Slavic languages ​​are divided into Eastern, Western and Southern. This division occurs territorially, as well as the division of tribes.

Of the other representatives of the Indo-European language family, the closest to the Slavic is the Baltic group. Many scientists explain this by long communication between representatives of these tribes.

Peoples living on the continent

In fact, there are a lot of peoples living on the mainland, but if you generalize, then they can be conditionally divided by race into 2 groups: Caucasoid and Mongoloid. And these groups, in turn, divided into subgroups.

Caucasian race, consisting of the following groups:

• Slavic;
• Baltic;
• Germanic;
• Greek;
• Armenian;
• Finno-Ugric.

Mongoloid race:

• Turkic;
• Mongolian;
• Korean;
• Japanese;
• Chukchi-Kamchatka;
• Sino-Tibetan.

Of course, many more ethnic groups and tribes live on the territory of Eurasia.

Peoples of Eurasia: countries

Perhaps, within the framework of a single article, it is impossible to list all the countries of the continent, because there are about 99 of them! But it is worth mentioning the largest of them. Probably everyone knows that Russia is the largest state on the mainland. Not to mention India and China, the countries with the highest population density.

As for the smallest states, they are mainly located in the western territories of the mainland. For example, the Vatican is considered a unique state entity. The list of dwarf countries includes Liechtenstein, Andorra, Luxembourg and Monaco. The smallest countries in Asia are Brunei, Maldives and Bahrain.

Eurasia is considered the most colorful continent on the planet, of course! Its territory is occupied by 3/4 of the world's population with different skin colors, their own culture and traditions.

They played a big role in the development of all mankind, left us the foundations of scientific knowledge, and still influence the development of modern spiritual culture in a number of countries.

In terms of numbers, the peoples of the continent make up 3/4 of the inhabitants of the globe, more than 3.5 billion people. It must be clarified, however, that in many countries of the Asian part of the mainland, accurate population censuses are difficult, and in a number of places they are practically impossible.

The distribution of the population is mosaic, extremely uneven. In the delta of the Ganges and Brahmaputra, Java, coastal China, on the coasts of the islands, the population density reaches 700-100 people per km2. The territory of Western Europe is densely populated. But there are also almost deserted regions in Eurasia (Gobi, Tibet, Arabia, high mountains of the Alpine belt). Clusters of large cities, long-term cultivation of land, the development of transport routes and other phenomena associated with large-scale human economic activity have led to irreversible changes in natural conditions in many areas and entire natural zones of Europe and Asia.

Racially, the population of the mainland is diverse. The main part is made up of the peoples of the Caucasoid race, both of its northern and southern branches. Southern Caucasians with dark eyes and hair (an older branch) inhabit Southern Europe and are represented in the South. When moving from the centers of settlement to the north, the skin, eyes and hair of people become more and more light. The most pronounced features of northern Caucasians are also expressed in Norwegians - tall blonds with bright eyes.

The peoples are usually short, with yellowish-skinned skin, dark narrow eyes, black straight hair, and inhabit mainly Central and East Asia. Their racial characteristics were formed in accordance with the natural conditions of the center of the formation of the race - dry and hot, windy and dusty continental regions of Asia.

Representatives of a special branch of the equatorial race live in southern Asia - some peoples of Fr. , south, Malay Archipelago.

The languages ​​of some peoples of Eurasia are based on a lot in common and make up several language groups.

The Slavic group of peoples includes southern (,), western (Czechs,) and eastern Slavs (, Belarusians and Russians). Russians, for example, understand speech well. The most numerous Slavic people are Russians.

The peoples of the German group occupy Northern and part of Western Europe: Germans, British, Dutch, and others. The Romance group of peoples is made up of Italians, French, and also. Romance languages ​​arose on the basis of the Latin language, which was spoken by the peoples of Ancient Rome (“Roma” in Latin).

In the Asian part of the mainland, the groups of Indian and Sino-Tibetan peoples are the most numerous. About 600 million people speak Indian languages. The Sino-Tibetan peoples include the Chinese, Tibetans, Burmese, Lao and many others. Peoples live in the Malay Archipelago. Persians, Afghans and the peoples of the Iranian language group live in Western Asia. A special group is formed by the Japanese - a large people in terms of numbers and a peculiar language.

The peoples of Eurasia live within more than six dozen large and small states. Among them are giants in terms of area and population, such as the People's Republic of China, and dwarf states (, and many others).

The first capitalist states were formed on the territory of Eurasia. Capitalism as a system began its development in:,. And now these are developed capitalist states. The rapid development of the economy in the post-war years survived. In the modern world, it is one of the seven largest and economically strongest capitalist powers.

1917-1992 - a period of repeated restructuring of the state system in a number of countries of Eastern Europe, in the territory of the former USSR, and in a number of countries of foreign Asia. More and more new socialist states were created by revolutionary, and not by evolutionary economic means. After the collapse of the USSR in 1992, both the territorial disintegration of multinational states (SFRY,) and the change in their political and economic status (the Baltic republics, countries, etc.) take place. The process of formation of a number of states should be considered in dynamics. Thus, the Korean people after 1945 are still fighting for the reunification of their homeland.

In the Asian part of the mainland in the past there were a number of colonies of capitalist European states. Now almost all the colonies have won political independence and developing states have formed on their territories. The largest of them is India, with a population of about 850 million people. The level of economic development of these countries is different. Along with weak ( , and others), there are countries that are experiencing an economic upswing and following the path of Japan ( , and others).

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