ASSIGNMENTS, ANSWERS AND COMMENTS
3
Below are two poems written in the mid-19th century. Their authors are poets A. Fet and N. Nekrasov. Answer as fully as possible how these poems are similar (pay attention to both content and form) and what are the main differences between them. Identify the author of each poem and give reasons for your answer.
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The swallows have disappeared
And yesterday dawned
All the rooks were flying
Yes, how the network flashed
Over there over that mountain.
In the evening everyone sleeps.
It's dark outside.
The dry leaf falls
At night the wind gets angry
Yes, he knocks on the window.
It would be better if there was snow and a blizzard
Glad to meet you with breasts!
As if in fright
Shouting out to the south
The cranes are flying.
You will go out - involuntarily
It’s hard - at least cry!
Look across the field
Tumbleweed
Bounces like a ball.
Before the rain
The mournful wind drives
I'm flocking clouds to the edge of heaven,
The broken spruce groans,
The dark forest whispers dully.
To a stream, pockmarked and motley,
A leaf flies after a leaf,
And a dry and sharp stream
It's getting cold.
Twilight falls over everything;
Hitting from all sides,
Spinning in the air screaming
A flock of jackdaws and crows.
Over the passing tarataika
The top is down, the front is closed;
And went!" - standing up with a whip,
The gendarme shouts to the driver...
“Swallows have disappeared...” - poem by A. Fet, “Before the rain” - N. Nekrasov.
Many participants in the competition beautifully and accurately formulated how the poems in question are similar.
The themes of both poems are similar. Unsightly autumn weather, rainy, evoking melancholy, creates a general mood and determines their identical gloomy coloring. Key words - wind (in Nekrasov it is mournful, in Fet it is angry); dry leaf, rooks, jackdaws and crows, cranes create a visual picture, graphic design of poems. The background sound is moans and whispers, the sound of the wind, the rustling of leaves and the cries of birds. And even the ultimate hopelessness and emptiness are in one and the other poem. The number of stanzas is the same, the epithets and personifications are similar, nature not only comes to life, but takes on real ominous features.
Polina Bogacheva,
11th grade, SSTS MSU, Moscow
The poems move in the same way: in both, the gaze first turns to the sky (“And yesterday the dawn // All the rooks flew // Yes, like a net they flashed // Over that mountain” - “The mournful wind drives // A flock of clouds to the edge of heaven”); then drops below - the second stanza in both poems describes falling leaves and cold wind. Then up again (“The cranes are flying” – “A flock of jackdaws and crows are spinning in the air with a scream”). The last stanza is a look forward and most likely into the distance: the lyrical hero of one poem looks at the field, the other at a passing tarataika.
Maria Shapiro,
11th grade, school No. 57, Moscow
Sometimes it begins to seem that they are seeing the same picture: “A dry leaf is falling” - “A leaf flies after a leaf”, “It’s dark outside” - “Twilight falls on everything”, “At night the wind is angry” - “The mournful wind is driving” . Yes, the images seem to be the same, but the characters see them differently.
Pavel Govorov,
10th grade, Lyceum No. 1, Bryansk
But perhaps even more interesting are the differences. The young authors rightly saw the difference primarily in the movement of mood. Another difference noted by many is that Fet’s poems seem more subjective than Nekrasov’s.
The main difference is that Nekrasov's poem is more adult and darker than Fet's poem.
Fet openly tells us about his feelings - sadness, despair, spiritual heaviness - and we agree with him, but, contemplating his sadness, we do not experience equally strong feelings. Nekrasov immediately paints a sad, cold picture - a mournful wind, a broken spruce, the cry of a crow, the heartless voice of a gendarme. The author himself is hiding, hiding, at the same time, as if pushing us towards what he wanted to show.
Olga Fedotova,
8th grade, school No. 654, Moscow
Fet: description of nature, one-minute, instant impressions: “You look across the field...”. The main theme is man alone with nature, the relationship between personal human experiences and the state of the world at this moment. Nekrasov: the language is harsher, a little rougher, sharper. The same nature is described, but from the outside, there is no attitude of the author to what is happening. Other characters appear (the coachman and the gendarme), which Fet cannot have, because personal, individual unity with nature will disappear.
Vera Baykovskaya,
10th grade, school No. 1199, Moscow
Nekrasov’s poem is alive, even if the beginning is sad, boring, words are used mournful, broken, moaning, dull And dark, then by the second quatrain it begins to change, barely noticeable, but the words are already visible motley And pockmarked This quatrain ends with an oxymoron dry jet and a set of rather “cool” adjectives and nouns. Further the poem will only develop in the “cool”, “dark” side. “Twilight falls over everything,” “from all sides” only noisy magpies, jackdaws and crows are circling in the air, and only in the last quatrain a faint surge of emotions appears - this is the cry of the gendarme to the coachman.
In Fet's poem in the first five-line there are memories; the author is sad without swallows, rooks and sunny days.
Ekaterina Nesterova,
7th grade, school No. 1564, Moscow
In the 3rd stanza, Fet has hope: “It would be better if there was snow and a blizzard // I’m glad to meet you with my chest!” But it ends with the antithesis of these lines, and this makes the hopelessness in it more terrible than in Nekrasov’s.
Polina Bogacheva
The feeling of hopelessness is created by the verb spinning, as if it was pointless to rush around in circles without finding a way out. The author of the first poem uses metonymy: “The dry leaf is falling.” It’s hard for the lyrical hero to realize that all that’s left of the cheerful, bright greenery of the trees is a heap of dead leaves. The lyrical hero of the second poem also sees autumn leaves, but they give him a feeling of not only sadness, but also beauty: “On a stream, pockmarked and motley, // A leaf flies behind a leaf...”. The inconsistency of the hero’s mental state is emphasized by alliteration: repetition R and soft l.
Lilia Hayrapetyan,
11th grade, school No. 654, Moscow
Nekrasov is recognized very easily - only with him, and certainly not with Fet, the landscape can end with the mention of a gendarme with a whip.
But at the same time, Fet has a lyrical hero who observes nature and feels sadness because of the arrival of autumn, i.e. man is alone with nature - and nothing more. Almost the entire action of the poem takes place above the ground: “the swallows were gone” (that is, they disappeared in the sky), “the rooks were flying // Yes, they were flashing like a net // over that mountain,” “The dry leaf is falling” (this is also a movement from top to bottom ), “The wind gets angry at night,” “Cranes are flying,” “Tumbleweed // Jumps like a ball.” Because of such an abundance of movement, a feeling of rapid change arises - and indeed, the poem is about the arrival of autumn, and first there is a reminder of summer (“The swallows have disappeared” - which means they were there), and then - a desire for winter: “It would be better if there was snow and a blizzard / / I’m glad to meet you with my breasts,” i.e. there is a starting point and an ending point for this movement. The lyrical hero “it’s hard - even cry!” - and this sadness is transmitted to everything visible: the cranes fly “as if in fright,” “the wind is angry.” Everything quickly goes somewhere: but the hero seems to remain in place and see him off, looking after him - “everyone has been asleep since the evening,” but even if you “go out” you will see tumbleweeds jumping away (and this is also a sign of autumn). And I want this transition to end sooner: “It would be better if there was snow and a blizzard...” - i.e. stable condition, winter.
From the very beginning, Nekrasov’s poem sets the mood for something else – with its title “Before the Rain.” “Before the Rain” means not a process, not the movement of time, but a sketch of a specific moment. Indeed, Nekrasov’s landscape is more imaginative, forcing one to draw a very specific picture: “The broken spruce groans,” “On a stream, pockmarked and motley, // A leaf flies behind a leaf,” it’s not just getting cold or “the wind is angry” - but “a stream of dry and sharp a chill is creeping in." There is no lyrical hero assessing what is happening - there is an impartial observer who, moreover, sees not only nature and, obviously, is interested not so much in it as in the scene taking place against its background: “And “off he went!” - standing up with a whip, / / The gendarme shouts to the coachman...” The scene is placed in a strong place - the last quatrain of the poem. In principle, landscapes in Nekrasov’s poems never appear on their own, but are always associated with thoughts about the people and any social problems.
Victoria Danilova
Nekrasov introduces colloquial expressions into the poem (“tarataykoy”, “before”), bringing poetry closer to simple folk language. Nekrasov thus tries to find and recreate poetry in a non-poetic era, to poetically describe the “non-poetic” “material” (“a flock of jackdaws”, “the gendarme shouts to the coachman”).
Anton Skulachev,
In the first poem there are much more images and comparisons (“like a net flashing”, “as if in fright”, “jumping like a ball”). Most likely this is due to the fact that we see everything described in the poem through the eyes of the lyrical hero. This is a subjective picture. Therefore, there is more emotional fullness... It is the lyrical hero who compares a flock of rooks with a net, it is he who sees the mountain, thanks to him personifications like “the wind is angry” arise; “everyone has been sleeping since evening” is also his feeling, and the wind is knocking on his window. It turns out that in general the poem is dedicated to man, his feelings and expectations, and nature is shown through his perception. This suggests that the poem belongs to Fet, in whose lyrics impression comes first - it is most often the subject of the image.
In the poem “Before the Rain” the picture is extremely objective. True, there are some personifications here (the spruce groans, the forest whispers), but they, like the epithets (dark forest), are perceived as constant.
Maria Shapiro
The competition participants did not limit themselves to conveying impressions; their works contain serious observations on vocabulary, syntax, rhythm and strophic organization of poems.
In Fet's poem, the first and second stanzas are distinguished by relatively even and calm intonation, there are no exclamatory sentences or sharp syntactic shifts (enjabemans). In the second part, we are faced with sharp enjabemans (“As if in fright // Screaming...”; “If you go out, involuntarily // It’s hard...”; “Tumbleweeds // Jumping like a ball”). All this, together with the use of syntactic parallelism (“You’ll come out...”, “Look...”), as well as repetition, the deliberateness of which is emphasized and reinforced by rhyme (“field” - “tumbleweed”), makes the ending extremely expressive. The image of a tumbleweed embodies the experience of life as an endless and aimless wandering across the earth. Tumbleweeds, like leaves, are dead versions of birds. Free, swift flight, symbolized by the word swallows, contrasted with a parody of flight: “Jumps like a ball.” Behind the images of snow and blizzard there arises the image of destruction, death: life seems to be captivity, coercion, liberation from which is expected in death, and voluntary death.
Elena Erzunova,
11th grade, gymnasium No. 2, Sarov
The poems are written in the same meter - trochee, but their strophic organization is different: quatrains in Nekrasov and quintuples in Fet. Fet’s sound itself is more musical: “across the field // tumbleweeds // jumping like a ball” - alliteration, abundance P creates the feeling of a bouncing ball.
Victoria Danilova
Mostly simple verbal rhymes are used, but it is noticeable that in the first the stanza is more interesting - the stanza contains 5 lines, which creates an unusual sound. We expect cross rhyme, it seems that the end of the fourth stanza will coincide with the second, and every time this does not happen. It can be assumed that this conveys the tense anticipation of winter, which never comes. (“It would be better if I met snow and a blizzard with my chest…”) – through creating this tension in the reader. .
Maria Shapiro
Hard, almost marching Nekrasov's trochee, clear, regular stanzas - and Fetov's mixed, complex time signature with spondees and rhythm disturbances.
Vera Baykovskaya
The artistic space of Nekrasov’s poem, despite its completeness and integrity, is open - in the heart of the reader, in the vast space of a huge country, in the perspective of the destinies of the gendarme and the coachman, which is expressed by the ellipses crowning the poem.
Fet’s poem “infects” the reader with its mood - and also leaves a perspective and, despite the seemingly clear and complete depiction of the lyrical hero’s feelings, a musical perspective in his heart.
Anton Skulachev,
11th grade, school No. 1514, Moscow
To be continued
ON THE. SHAPIRO,
school number 57
Moscow
Again the autumn shine of the morning star
Trembling with deceptive fire,
And the birds start an agreement
Run away in a flock for warmth.
And sweet-severe pain
My heart is so happy to ache again,
And at night the maple leaf turns red,
That, loving life, you are unable to live.
A. Fet
in autumn
When the end-to-end web
Spreads threads of clear days
And under the villager's window
The distant gospel is heard more clearly,
We're not sad, scared again
The breath of near winter,
And the voice of the summer
We understand more clearly.
A. Fet
***
What a cold autumn!
Put on your shawl and hood;
Look: because of the slumbering pines
It's like a fire is rising.
Northern night glow
I remember always being near you,
And the phosphorescent eyes shine,
They just don’t keep me warm.
A. Fet
Everything around is tired: the color of the sky is tired too,
And the wind, and the river, and the month that was born,
And the night, and in the greenery of the dim sleeping forest,
And the yellow leaf that finally fell off.
Only the fountain babbles in the middle of the distant darkness,
Speaking about life invisible, but familiar...
O autumn night, how omnipotent you are
Refusal to fight and deathly languor!
September rose
Behind the sigh of morning frost,
Opening the blush of my lips,
How strangely the rose smiled
On the fast-flying day of September!
Before the fluttering tit
In the long leafless bushes
How to boldly act as a queen
With greetings to the spring on your lips.
To blossom in steady hope -
Parted from the cold ridge,
Cling to the last one, intoxicated
To the breast of the young mistress!
A. Fet
So the summer days are decreasing.
Where are the golden rays of summer?
Only gray eyebrows move,
Only the gray curls sway.
This morning, by bitter fate
Exhausted, I sighed a little:
Early, early with the ruddy dawn
For a moment the window lit up.
But again this sky is stormy
It loomed over us sadly,
Know, again, my sun is red,
You burst into tears as you stood up!
A. Fet
Autumn rose
The forest has crumbled its peaks,
The garden has revealed its brow,
September has died, and dahlias
The breath of the night burned.
But in a breath of frost
Among the dead is one,
Only you alone, queen rose,
Fragrant and lush.
In spite of cruel trials
And the anger of the dying day
You are the outline and breath
In the spring you blow on me.
A. Fet
Autumn
How sad the dark days are
Soundless and cold autumn!
What joyless languor
They are asking to enter our souls!
But there are also days when there is blood
Gold leaf decorations
Burning autumn looks for the eyes
And the sultry whims of love.
Bashful sadness is silent,
Only the defiant is heard,
And, freezing so magnificently,
She no longer regrets anything.
A. Fet
Poplar
The gardens are silent. With sad eyes
I look around with despondency in my soul;
The last leaf is scattered underfoot.
The last radiant day has faded.
You're the only one above the dead steppes
You hide your mortal illness, my poplar
And, still trembling with leaves,
You babble to me about spring days like a friend.
Let it get darker, darker day after day
And a pernicious spirit blows through autumn;
With branches raised to heaven
You stand alone and remember the warm south.
A. Fet
The swallows have disappeared
And yesterday dawned
All the rooks were flying
Yes, like a network, they flashed
Over there over that mountain.
Everyone sleeps in the evening,
It's dark outside.
The dry leaf falls
At night the wind gets angry
Yes, he knocks on the window.
It would be better if there was snow and a blizzard
Glad to meet you with breasts!
As if in fright
Shouting out to the south
The cranes are flying.
You will go out - involuntarily
It’s hard - at least cry!
Look across the field
Tumbleweed
Bounces like a ball.
A. Fet
Bad weather - autumn - smoke,
You smoke - everything seems to be not enough.
At least I would read - just reading
It moves so sluggishly.
The gray day creeps lazily,
And they chatter unbearably
Wall clock on the wall
Tirelessly with the tongue.
The heart is getting colder little by little,
And by the hot fireplace
Gets into the patient's head
Everything is so damn crazy!
Over a steaming glass
Cooling tea
Thank God, little by little,
It’s like evening, I’m falling asleep...
The swallows have disappeared
And yesterday the dawn
All the rooks were flying
Yes, like a network, they flashed
Over there over that mountain.
I've been sleeping since the evening,
It's dark outside.
The dry leaf falls
At night the wind gets angry
Yes, he knocks on the window.
It would be better if there was snow and a blizzard
Glad to meet you with breasts!
As if in fright
Shouting out to the south
The cranes are flying.
You will go out - involuntarily
It’s hard - at least cry!
You look across the field
Tumbleweed
Bounces like a ball.
School analysis of A. Fet's poem "The Swallows Are Missing"
Opening the pages of a collection of poems by Russian poets, I always stop at the works of Afanasy Fet. He paints pictures of nature that excite him in beautiful words.
In a poem Afanasy Fet "The Swallows Are Missing" a picture of fading nature appears. The work was written in 1884.
Here we read the stories that fill nature and the mood of the author.
The peculiarity of this work is the contrast of the lyrical hero with events in which he is an involuntary participant. The author accepts autumn with sadness; he feels uncomfortable at this time of year.
The work begins with an observation that makes
The swallows have disappeared
And yesterday the dawn
All the rooks were flying...
At the beginning of the poem, Afanasy Fet writes about loss. This is conveyed through the vocabulary and composition of the first stanzas. The word "lost" speaks of loss. And at the same time, the author’s recollection of yesterday also suggests that he yearns for the passing time. The reader is invited to immerse himself in this story and observe. The author seems to be making a gesture, pointing to the mountain:
All the rooks were flying
Yes, like a network, they flashed
Over there over that mountain.
The next stanza presents the events that the author notices in the cold autumn. He writes about a sleepy, cold and angry autumn, which at the same time gives no peace.
I've been sleeping since the evening,
It's dark outside.
The dry leaf falls
At night the wind gets angry
Yes, he knocks on the window.
Autumn, gloomy and sad, makes you worry, and the restless wind deprives you of peace. Afanasy Fet talks about how cranes are also uncomfortable in the fall. The frightened flock leaves the fading autumn.
It would be better if there was snow and a blizzard
Glad to meet you with breasts!
As if in fright
Shouting out to the south
The cranes are flying.
Afanasy Fet is also ready for change, he is waiting for winter to come, but is forced to endure the difficult meeting of late autumn.
You will go out - involuntarily
It’s hard - at least cry!
You look across the field
Tumbleweed
Bounces like a ball.
The work ends with the image of a tumbleweed. This plant, like all living things around, is in a hurry somewhere, wants to leave this place. This image enhances the impression, and one can understand that the desire to leave everything and be somewhere else is the main idea of the work about autumn.
