The answer seems to be simple - with Poklonnaya. Everyone knows that shortly after the Battle of Borodino, on a sunny morning on September 2, 1812, Napoleon, standing on Poklonnaya Hill, was waiting for the deputation of the inhabitants of Moscow with the keys to the city. Many books, pictures and illustrations have been written on this subject. Everything seems to be simple, but even many of those who know the history of these places will not be able to indicate where Napoleon, shown in the paintings, stood.
Innocent girl at the feet of Napoleon
Here is probably the most famous colorful description of Napoleon's inspection of Moscow from Poklonnaya Hill, presented by Leo Tolstoy in the third volume of "War and Peace":
Moscow from Poklonnaya Gora spread out spaciously with its river, its gardens and churches, and it seemed to live its own life, quivering like stars, its domes in the rays of the sun.
At the sight of a strange city with unprecedented forms of extraordinary architecture, Napoleon experienced that somewhat envious and restless curiosity that people experience when they see the forms of an alien life that does not know about them. Obviously, this city lived with all the forces of its life. By those indefinable signs by which a living body is unmistakably recognized from a dead one at a long distance, Napoleon from Poklonnaya Gora saw the trembling of life in the city and felt, as it were, the breath of this large and beautiful body.
Cette ville asiatique aux innombrables eglises, Moscou la sainte. La voilà donc enfin, cette fameuse ville! Il était temps (This Asian city with countless churches, Moscow, their holy Moscow! Here it is, finally, this famous city! It's time!), - said Napoleon and, dismounting from his horse, ordered the plan of this Moscou to be laid out in front of him and called the interpreter Lelorgne d "Ideville. "Une ville occupée par l" ennemi ressemble à une fille qui a perdu son honneur "(" A city occupied by the enemy is like a girl who has lost her innocence "), he thought (as he said this to Tuchkov in Smolensk) . And from this point of view, he looked at the oriental beauty lying in front of him, which he had never seen before.
It was strange to him that, at last, his long-standing, which seemed to him impossible desire, had finally come true. In the clear morning light, he looked first at the city, then at the plan, checking the details of this city, and the certainty of possession thrilled and terrified him.
Poklonnaya Gora as a mountain is no longer there, only one name remains. Where is this remarkable place located? Why can't you enjoy this view now? Let's try to determine where Napoleon looked at Moscow from.
Modern Poklonnaya Hill is a different mountain
The name of the place is known to everyone - Poklonnaya Gora. But the mountains are there, as you know, now there is none! Flipping through the old maps of Moscow, you can see how much this area has changed.
Poklonnaya Gora can be found on many modern and Soviet-era maps. Here, for example, was the peak of a considerable height by Moscow standards - 170.5 meters, designated as Poklonnaya Gora on the 1968 map. Now Poklonnaya Gora is usually called the place where the Victory Monument is installed. The height of the monument is 141.8 meters - 10 centimeters for each day of the Great Patriotic War. After numerous scandals, this monument was erected in 1995. Everyone knows that the monument is set on a rather flat place, there is no mountain there, it was cut off almost to the root around 1987. As can be seen from a comparison of the 1968 map with satellite images, the position of the Victory Monument roughly corresponds to the peak marked as Poklonnaya Gora, 170.5 meters high, on the 1968 map.
Poklonnaya Gora on the map of 1968 - this place is now the Victory Monument:
(All presented maps are clickable for a detailed view)
Did Napoleon stand on Poklonnaya Hill on the site of today's Victory Monument? Not!
It was not the Poklonnaya Hill from which Napoleon looked at Moscow!
Where was the "real" Poklonnaya Hill?
The thing is that the area, traditionally called Poklonnaya Gora, was originally a large hill with two noticeable peaks. Until the 1940s, Poklonnaya Gora was marked on the maps by the peak, which was located about 700 meters northeast of today's Victory Monument. The position of this peak can be seen on many old maps, for example, on the topographic maps and years below (click on the maps for a detailed view). The two peaks were separated from each other by one of the tributaries of the Setun, which flowed in the ravine. If Napoleon looked at Moscow from "today's" Poklonnaya Hill, then in those years the view of the city would have been blocked by the northwestern peak. Napoleon would hardly have chosen such a point to explore the city.
"Old" and "New" Poklonnye Gory on the map of 1860:
The position of Poklonnaya Gora on the map of 1848 relative to the Victory Monument:
What would Napoleon see "oriental beauty" in our days
Therefore, there is every reason to believe that Napoleon looked at the city from the "old" Poklonnaya Hill, marked on the maps of the 1800s. This peak (and, accordingly, Napoleon) was located approximately in the place where the farthest corner from the center of the house 16 along Kutuzovsky Prospekt is now located.
As Tolstoy wrote, "And from this point he looked at the oriental beauty lying in front of him, which he had never seen before."
This is how the beauty turned out now.
Used maps and images from the site
The answer seems to be simple - with Poklonnaya. Everyone knows that shortly after the Battle of Borodino, on a sunny morning on September 2, 1812, Napoleon, standing on Poklonnaya Hill, was waiting for the deputation of the inhabitants of Moscow with the keys to the city. Many books, pictures and illustrations have been written on this subject. Everything seems to be simple, but even many of those who know the history of these places will not be able to indicate where Napoleon, shown in the paintings, stood.
Let's find out...
Innocent girl at the feet of Napoleon
Here is probably the most famous colorful description of Napoleon's inspection of Moscow from Poklonnaya Hill, presented by Leo Tolstoy in the third volume of "War and Peace":
Moscow from Poklonnaya Gora spread out spaciously with its river, its gardens and churches, and it seemed to live its own life, quivering like stars, its domes in the rays of the sun.
At the sight of a strange city with unprecedented forms of extraordinary architecture, Napoleon experienced that somewhat envious and restless curiosity that people experience when they see the forms of an alien life that does not know about them. Obviously, this city lived with all the forces of its life. By those indefinable signs by which a living body is unmistakably recognized from a dead one at a long distance, Napoleon from Poklonnaya Gora saw the trembling of life in the city and felt, as it were, the breath of this large and beautiful body.
Cette ville asiatique aux innombrables eglises, Moscou la sainte. La voilà donc enfin, cette fameuse ville! Il était temps (This Asian city with countless churches, Moscow, their holy Moscow! Here it is, finally, this famous city! It's time!), - said Napoleon and, dismounting from his horse, ordered the plan of this Moscou to be laid out in front of him and called the interpreter Lelorgne d "Ideville. "Une ville occupée par l" ennemi ressemble à une fille qui a perdu son honneur "(" A city occupied by the enemy is like a girl who has lost her innocence "), he thought (as he said this to Tuchkov in Smolensk) . And from this point of view, he looked at the oriental beauty lying in front of him, which he had never seen before.
It was strange to him that, at last, his long-standing, which seemed to him impossible desire, had finally come true. In the clear morning light, he looked first at the city, then at the plan, checking the details of this city, and the certainty of possession thrilled and terrified him.
Poklonnaya Gora as a mountain is no longer there, only one name remains. Where is this remarkable place located? Why can't you enjoy this view now? Let's try to determine where Napoleon looked at Moscow from.
Modern Poklonnaya Hill is a different mountain
The name of the place is known to everyone - Poklonnaya Gora. But the mountains are there, as you know, now there is none! Flipping through the old maps of Moscow, you can see how much this area has changed.
Poklonnaya Gora can be found on many modern and Soviet-era maps. Here, for example, was the peak of a considerable height by Moscow standards - 170.5 meters, designated as Poklonnaya Gora on the 1968 map. Now Poklonnaya Gora is usually called the place where the Victory Monument is installed. The height of the monument is 141.8 meters - 10 centimeters for each day of the Great Patriotic War. After numerous scandals, this monument was erected in 1995. Everyone knows that the monument is set on a rather flat place, there is no mountain there, it was cut off almost to the root around 1987. As can be seen from a comparison of the 1968 map with satellite images, the position of the Victory Monument roughly corresponds to the peak marked as Poklonnaya Gora, 170.5 meters high, on the 1968 map.
Poklonnaya Gora on the map of 1968 - this place is now the Victory Monument:
(All presented maps are clickable for a detailed view)
Did Napoleon stand on Poklonnaya Hill on the site of today's Victory Monument? Not!
It was not the Poklonnaya Hill from which Napoleon looked at Moscow!
Where was the "real" Poklonnaya Hill?
The thing is that the area, traditionally called Poklonnaya Gora, was originally a large hill with two noticeable peaks. Until the 1940s, Poklonnaya Gora was marked on the maps by the peak, which was located about 700 meters northeast of today's Victory Monument. The position of this peak can be seen on many old maps, for example, on the topographic maps and years below (click on the maps for a detailed view). The two peaks were separated from each other by one of the tributaries of the Setun, which flowed in the ravine. If Napoleon looked at Moscow from "today's" Poklonnaya Hill, then in those years the view of the city would have been blocked by the northwestern peak. Napoleon would hardly have chosen such a point to explore the city.
"Old" and "New" Poklonnye Gory on the map of 1860:
The position of Poklonnaya Gora on the map of 1848 relative to the Victory Monument:
What would Napoleon see "oriental beauty" in our days
Therefore, there is every reason to believe that Napoleon looked at the city from the "old" Poklonnaya Hill, marked on the maps of the 1800s. This peak (and, accordingly, Napoleon) was located approximately in the place where the farthest corner from the center of the house 16 along Kutuzovsky Prospekt is now located.
As Tolstoy wrote, "And from this point he looked at the oriental beauty lying in front of him, which he had never seen before."
This is how the beauty turned out now.
Used maps and images from the site
Russian Literature Lesson
7th grade
Subject: L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" (fragments). "Council in Fili", "Napoleon on Poklonnaya Hill". Images of Napoleon and Kutuzov.
Goals:
To acquaint with the personality of Leo Tolstoy and the history of the creation of the novel "War and Peace", show the role of historical figures Napoleon and Kutuzov in the events of the Patriotic War of 1812; test knowledge of literary theory (portrait, artistic detail);
promote the development of monologue speech, mental and creative activity;
develop an interest in history and literature.
Expected results:
Knowledge of the biography of Kutuzov and Napoleon;
Knowledge of information about the war of 1812;
Knowledge of the biography of Leo Tolstoy and the history of the creation of the novel "War and Peace";
Ability to select the necessary information and graphically depict it;
The ability to formulate questions of the "High" order and the ability to express one's thoughts;
Ability to work in a group;
Ability to draw conclusions;
Knowledge of fragments of the novel "War and Peace".
During the classes
Organizing time
Update
Dividing the class into groups
Creation of a collaborative environment (viewing the video "Good mood"
1 group. Life and work of Leo Tolstoy
2 group. Brief review of the novel "War and Peace"
3rd group. War of 1812
4 group. Kutuzov
5 group. Napoleon
Groups form clusters.
Band performance
others make notes in the form of a thesis plan and prepare for one issue
"high" order, using questions on Bloom's taxonomy for analysis, synthesis or evaluation.
Band performance
F opdeveloping new concepts and modes of action
Work on the fragment “Council in Fili” (all groups participate)
What issue was discussed at the council in Fili?
Write out the portrait of Kutuzov from the text.
Emphasize the details of the portrait of Kutuzov, expressing the psychological state of the commander and draw a conclusion about how Leo Tolstoy draws a portrait of Kutuzov.
Carefully read the description of the generals who came to the council. What details of their portraits does the author indicate? Fill the table.
General's name
Portrait Description Details
1. Barclay de Tolly
________________________________________________________________
2. Dokhturov
3. Osterman-Tolstoy
He sat leaning on his broad hand, with bold features and sparkling eyes, head ..., seemed immersed in his thoughts.
4. Raevsky
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________
A firm, handsome and kind face ... shone with a gentle, sly smile.
Underline in the table the details of the statistical portrait with one line, and the dynamic portrait with two lines.
Analyze the behavior on the advice of Kutuzov and Benigsen.
How does the girl Malasha see Kutuzov and Benigsen?
Why, in your opinion, L.N. Tolstoy shows Kutuzov and Bennigsen through the eyes of a six-year-old girl?
What drives Kutuzov and Benigsen? Fill in the table with quotes that indicate the motives for their behavior.
Kutuzov
Bennigsen
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What is the name of the artistic technique used by the author when comparing Kutuzov and Benigsen?
Is it possible to use the terms "protagonist" and "antagonist" in relation to Kutuzov and Benigsen? Why?
Application. Formation of skills and abilities
Ngapoleon on Poklonnaya Hill
1) Mark in the text the artistic details that show Moscow in 1812.
2) Write out from the text the elements of the portrait of Napoleon and the lines that express the acting and posturing of the French emperor.
3) Analyze the collected material and determine the relationship
Homework information stage
Summing up the lesson
Reflection stage
Additional material
Patriotic War of 1812
At the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, General Kutuzov was elected in July the head of the St. Petersburg, and then the Moscow militia. At the initial stage of the Patriotic War, the 1st and 2nd Western Russian armies rolled back under the onslaught of Napoleon's superior forces. The unsuccessful course of the war prompted the nobility to demand the appointment of a commander who would enjoy the confidence of Russian society. Even before the Russian troops left Smolensk, Alexander 1 was forced to appoint General-of-Infantry Kutuzov as commander-in-chief of all Russian armies and militias. For 10 days before the appointment, the tsar granted Kutuzov the title of His Grace Prince (bypassing the princely title). The appointment of Kutuzov caused a patriotic upsurge in the army and the people. Kutuzov himself, as in 1805, was not in the mood for a decisive battle against Napoleon. According to one of the testimonies, he put it this way about the methods by which he would act against the French: “We will not defeat Napoleon. We will deceive him."
The great superiority of the enemy in forces and the lack of reserves forced Kutuzov to retreat inland, following the strategy of his predecessor Barclay de Tolly. A further withdrawal meant the surrender of Moscow without a fight, which was unacceptable both from a political and moral point of view. Having received insignificant reinforcements, Kutuzov decided to give Napoleon a pitched battle, the first and only one in the Patriotic War of 1812. The battle of Borodino, one of the largest battles of the era of the Napoleonic wars, took place on August 26 (September 7). During the day of the battle, the Russian army inflicted heavy losses on the French troops, but according to preliminary estimates, by the night of the same day, it had lost almost half of the personnel of the regular troops. The balance of power obviously did not shift in favor of Kutuzov. Kutuzov decided to withdraw from the Borodino position, and then, after a meeting in Fili (now a Moscow region), he left Moscow. Nevertheless, the Russian army proved to be worthy at Borodino, for which Kutuzov was promoted to field marshal on August 30.
Having failed in his attempts to make peace with Russia, on October 7 (19) Napoleon began to withdraw from Moscow. He tried to lead the army to Smolensk by the southern route through Kaluga, where there were food and fodder supplies, but on October 12 (24) in the battle for Maloyaroslavets he was abandoned by Kutuzov and retreated along the devastated Smolensk road. The Russian troops launched a counteroffensive, which Kutuzov organized so that Napoleon's army was under flank attacks by regular and partisan detachments, and Kutuzov avoided a frontal battle with large masses of troops.
Thanks to Kutuzov's strategy, the huge Napoleonic army was almost completely destroyed. It should be especially noted that the victory was achieved at the cost of moderate losses of the Russian army.
Napoleon often spoke contemptuously about the generals opposing him, while not embarrassed in expressions. Characteristically, he avoided public assessments of Kutuzov's command in the Patriotic War, preferring to blame the "harsh Russian winter" for the complete destruction of his army. Napoleon's attitude towards Kutuzov can be seen in a personal letter written by Napoleon from Moscow on October 3, 1812 with the aim of starting peace negotiations:
“I am sending one of my adjutant generals to you to negotiate on many important matters. I want Your Lordship to believe what he tells you, especially when he expresses to you the feelings of respect and special attention that I have long had for you. I have nothing else to say with this letter, I pray the Almighty to keep you, Prince Kutuzov, under his sacred and good cover.
In January 1813, Russian troops crossed the border and reached the Oder by the end of February. By April 1813, the troops reached the Elbe. On April 5, the commander-in-chief caught a cold and fell ill in the small town of Bunzlau (Prussia, now the territory of Poland). Alexander 1 arrived to say goodbye to a very weakened field marshal. Behind the screens, near the bed on which Kutuzov lay, was the official Krupennikov, who was with him. The last dialogue of Kutuzov, overheard by Kruppenikov and betrayed by chamberlain Tolstoy: “Forgive me, Mikhail Illarionovich!” - "I forgive you, sir, but Russia will not forgive you."
Napoleon on Poklonnaya Hill (based on the novel by Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace")? and got the best answer
Answer from GALINA[guru]
It has long been believed that Poklonnaya Gora in Moscow got its name because everyone who arrived in the city or left it had to bow to the city at this place, bow to it, and also because important people who arrived here were met with a bow. to Moscow. It could be, for example, princes and ambassadors of foreign states.
Emperor Napoleon's advisers probably told him about this custom - otherwise why did he decide to wait for a deputation from the city authorities with the keys to the Kremlin on Poklonnaya Hill?
But the hours of waiting on Poklonnaya Gora, which ended in nothing, should have aroused conflicting feelings in the emperor.
While waiting for a deputation from Moscow, he thinks about how he should appear before the Russians at such a majestic moment for him. As an experienced actor, he mentally played out the whole scene of the meeting with the "boyars" and composed his magnanimous speech to them.
“At the sight of a strange city with unprecedented forms of unusual architecture, Napoleon experienced that somewhat envious and restless curiosity that people experience at the sight of forms that do not know about them, alien life. Obviously, this city lived with all the forces of its life. By those indefinable signs by which at a long distance, a living body is unmistakably recognizable from a dead one, Napoleon from Poklonnaya Gora saw the flutter of life in the city and felt, as it were, the breath of this large and beautiful body.
- Cette ville asiatique aux innombrables eglises, Moscou la sainte. La voilà donc enfin, cette fameuse ville! Il était temps (This Asian city with countless churches, Moscow, their holy Moscow! Here it is, finally, this famous city! It's time!), - said Napoleon and, dismounting from his horse, ordered the plan of this Moscou to be laid out in front of him and called the interpreter Lelorgne d "Ideville. "Une ville occupée par l" ennemi ressemble à une fille qui a perdu son honneur "(" A city occupied by the enemy is like a girl who has lost her innocence "), he thought (as he said this to Tuchkov in Smolensk) .
And from this point of view, he looked at the oriental beauty lying in front of him, which he had never seen before.
It was strange to him that, at last, his long-standing, which seemed to him impossible desire, had finally come true. In the clear morning light, he looked first at the city, then at the plan, checking the details of this city, and the certainty of possession thrilled and terrified him. "
Using the technique of the hero's "internal" monologue, Tolstoy exposes in the French emperor the petty vanity of the player, his insignificance. "When Napoleon was announced with due caution that Moscow was empty, he angrily looked at the informer about this and, turning away, continued to walk in silence ... "Moscow is empty. What an incredible event!"
He did not go to the city, but stopped at an inn in the Dorogomilovsky suburb.
Having shown how fate finally debunked Napoleon, Tolstoy notes that the denouement of the theatrical performance failed - "the power that decides the fate of peoples lies not in the conquerors."
Answer from Elena Fedorova[guru]
Tolstoy, through the portrait and behavior of Napoleon, shows the futility of his intentions and his attitude towards the personality of Napoleon. Thus, opposing him to the truly great commander Kutuzov.
“The tone of generosity in which Napoleon intended to act in Moscow captivated him himself. In his imagination, he appointed the days of réunion dans le palais des Czars 5, where Russian nobles were to meet with the nobles of the French emperor. He mentally appointed a governor, such who would be able to attract the population. Learning that there were many charitable institutions in Moscow, he decided in his imagination that all these institutions would be showered with his favors. He thought that as in Africa it was necessary to sit in a burnous in a mosque, so in Moscow one had to be merciful, like tsars, and in order to finally touch the hearts of Russians, he, like every Frenchman, who cannot imagine anything sensitive without mentioning that chère, ma tendre, ma pauvre mère 6, he decided that on in all these establishments, he orders to write in capital letters: Etablissement dédié à ma chère Mère. No, simply: Maison de ma Mère 7, he decided to himself. "But am I really in Moscow? Yes, here she is in front of me. But what not so long is the deputation of the city? he thought.
Meanwhile, in the halls of the emperor's retinue, an excited conference was taking place in a whisper between his generals and marshals. Those sent for the deputation returned with the news that Moscow was empty, that everyone had left and left it.
Meanwhile, the emperor, tired of vain waiting and feeling with his acting instinct that the majestic minute, lasting too long, was beginning to lose its majesty, gave a sign with his hand. A single shot of a signal cannon rang out, and the troops, which surrounded Moscow from different sides, moved to Moscow, to the Tver, Kaluga and Dorogomilovskaya outposts. Faster and faster, overtaking one another, at a quick step and at a trot, the troops moved, hiding in the clouds of dust they raised and filling the air with merging rumbles of screams.
Fascinated by the movement of troops, Napoleon rode with his troops to the Dorogomilovskaya outpost, but there he again stopped and, dismounting from his horse, walked for a long time at the Kamerkollezhsky rampart, waiting for the deputation. "(L. Tolstoy "War and Peace")
- Museums
- Memorable places
- Locations of works
- Tolstoy societies
Poklonnaya Gora
Address: Russia, Moscow
GPS coordinates: 55.731673,37.506851
Moscow addresses of the heroes of the novel "War and Peace"
“On the night of September 1, Kutuzov ordered the retreat of Russian troops through Moscow to the Ryazan road. The first troops moved into the night.
By ten o'clock in the morning on September 2, in the Dorogomilovsky suburb, only rearguard troops remained in the open. The army was already on the other side of Moscow and beyond Moscow.
At the same time, at ten o'clock in the morning on September 2, Napoleon stood between his troops on Poklonnaya Hill and looked at the spectacle that opened before him.
September 2nd at ten o'clock ... The sparkle of the morning was magical. Moscow from Poklonnaya Gora spread out spaciously with its river, its gardens and churches, and it seemed to live its own life, quivering like stars, its domes in the rays of the sun.
At the sight of a strange city with unprecedented forms of unusual architecture, Napoleon experienced that somewhat envious and restless curiosity that people experience at the sight of an alien life that does not know about them ... Napoleon from Poklonnaya Gora saw the flutter of life in the city and felt, as it were, the breath of this large and beautiful body . Moscow! Holy Moscow! Here it is, finally, this famous city! It was strange to him that, at last, his long-standing, which seemed to him impossible, wish had come true. In the clear morning light, he looked first at the city, then at the plan, checking the details of this city, and the certainty of possession thrilled and terrified him.
Two hours have passed. Napoleon had breakfast and again stood in the same place on Poklonnaya Hill, waiting for the deputation. His speech to the boyars was already clearly formed in his imagination. This speech was full of dignity and that grandeur that Napoleon understood. Meanwhile, the emperor, tired of vain waiting and feeling with his acting instinct that the majestic minute, lasting too long, was beginning to lose its majesty, gave a sign with his hand. A single shot of a signal cannon rang out, and the troops, which surrounded Moscow from different sides, moved to Moscow, to the Tver, Kaluga, and Dorogomilovskaya outposts ”(vol. 3, part 3, ch. 19).
