Severe frosts have come to many Russian regions. The January cold can be a legitimate reason not to go to work or school. Taking into account the weather conditions in a particular region, the decision to cancel classes is made by the local department of education, and in production by the company's management, taking into account the requirements of the Labor Code and sanitary standards.

Workers in production

At extremely low temperatures, the work of specialists in some professions is stopped, and the working day is also reduced for employees of those offices that are poorly heated. Work in cold weather outdoors or in closed unheated premises is regulated by Article 109 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

According to the document, persons working outdoors should be provided with breaks for heating, which must be included in working hours. The duration and number of breaks is determined by the administration of the company together with the trade union organization.

The work of masons stops at a temperature of -25 ° C with a wind of more than three points or a temperature of -30 ° C without wind.

The work of representatives of other professions related to being outdoors stops at a temperature of -27 ° C with a wind of more than three points or a temperature of -35 ° C without wind.

If the activity is related to equipment that failed during the cold weather, forced downtime should be paid at the rate of two-thirds of the salary.

Office workers

For office workers, weather conditions, according to the law, do not affect work. Only the temperature at the workplace is taken into account. Working conditions are regulated by sanitary rules and norms SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 "Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises".

According to the document, those who work indoors are conditionally divided into five categories.

* 1a - sedentary work. This includes managers, office workers, workers in the clothing and watch industries. For them, the most comfortable room temperature is +22°С - +24°С.

* 1b - if you spend the whole day on your feet. For example, these are controllers, sales consultants. They should work at +21°С - +23°С.

* 2a- work involves some physical stress. For example, tour guides, staff Borochny shops at machine-building enterprises. The optimum temperature for them is +19°С -+21°С.

* 2b - work associated with walking and carrying loads up to ten kilograms. Basically, these are factory workers - locksmiths, welders. For them, the room temperature should be + 17 ° С - +19 ° С.

* 3 — involves heavy physical labor, for example, in foundries and blacksmith shops. The same category includes loaders who carry furniture and equipment heavier than ten kilograms. For them, the temperature is somewhat lower - + 16 ° С - + 18 ° С.

If the temperature at the workplace drops by 1 degree below normal, the working time is reduced by 1 hour. Thus, at a temperature of +19°C, the working day of an office worker will be 7 hours, +18°C - 6 hours, and so on. At a temperature of + 12 ° C and below, work stops and, in accordance with Article 157 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, working hours in this case are paid by the employer in the amount of at least two-thirds of the tariff rate.

Kindergarten

The kindergarten works at any air temperature on the street. But according to the sanitary standards SanPiN 2.4.1.1249-03, at an air temperature below -15 ° C and a wind speed of more than 7 m / s, the duration of the walk is reduced. The walk is not carried out at air temperatures below -15°C and wind speeds over 15 m/s for children under 4 years old, and for children 5-7 years old at air temperatures below -20°C and wind speeds over 15 m/s (for mid lane).

School

The regulations that apply today regarding school attendance by children in severe frosts are as follows:

- at a temperature of -25 ° C, schoolchildren of grades 1-4 of rural schools do not study
- at a temperature of -27 ° C - students of grades 1-4 of urban and rural schools
- at a temperature of -30 ° C and below, all students do not study - from grades 1 to 11

When the above temperatures occur, the Ministry of Education issues appropriate orders. But the decision to stop classes due to frosty weather is made by the leadership of each educational institution independently. If such a decision is made, the child, on its basis, can rest from school.

The cancellation of classes in schools is affected not only by temperature, but also by the strength of the wind. Usually, the temperature threshold for school cancellations due to wind drops by 2-3 degrees.

Cancellation of school classes in the regions

For the northern regions of the country, the temperature limits for canceling classes are lower. In the Urals, the following scale for canceling classes is applied:

25°C - -28°C - kids do not go to school,
-28°С - -30°С - students of grades 5-9 do not study,
-30°С - -32°С — high school students may not come.

In Siberia, elementary grades do not study at -30°C degrees. Schoolchildren in grades 5-9 may not come if the thermometer drops to -32°C and -35°C. High school students do not go to school if it is -35°С - -40°С outside.

In Yakutia, in order for students in grades 1-4 not to go to school, the thermometer must drop to -40 ° C. For high school students, the temperature should be -48 ° C, and high school students do not go to school only if it is -50 ° C outside.

Children spend almost half of the daylight hours in schools, so the conditions in which the child studies are of great importance for parents. Hygiene indicators and lighting for children's health and immunity play a big role. Features of the child's body are such that even the slightest change in the microclimate is reflected in thermoregulation. That is why schoolchildren need to ensure the appropriate temperature regime and comfort. If the temperature regime at the school is not observed, then the heat transfer from the growing organism increases, which leads to cooling, and in such a situation it is within reach.

Sanitary standards

The microclimate in any room depends on the air temperature, its humidity (relative), as well as the speed of movement. If the last two indicators are easy to regulate, then the indoor air temperature in schools depends on a number of factors. The most significant factor is the heat transfer of the heating system. If the school is connected to the central heating system, then all that the management of the educational institution can do is to install radiators with high efficiency. High-quality doors that fit snugly against the frame help to maintain the air temperature in the school as normal. If these measures do not help, it is recommended to keep a temperature log at the school. The results of daily measurements can be presented to the heat supply organization.

According to the current standards, school attendance is possible at the following temperature conditions:

• from 17 degrees in classrooms;
• from 15 degrees in school shops, workshops;
• from 15 degrees in the gym;
• from 19 degrees in locker rooms and dressing rooms;
• from 16 degrees in the library;
• from 17 degrees in assembly halls;
• from 17 degrees in the toilets;
• from 21 degrees in the medical room.

If the minimum temperature in the school premises is below normal, the cancellation of classes is the only possible solution.

The vicissitudes of the weather

The temperature inside the school premises cannot but depend on the temperature outside the window. Even the highest quality windows and doors will not save you from the cold if winter is raging outside. Severe frosts are often the reason for the official cancellation of classes. The relevant standards have been developed in the CIS countries. Thus, the temperature at which classes are canceled in schools varies from -25 to -40 degrees. In addition, wind speed also matters. If it is less than two meters per second, then training sessions are canceled at the following temperature conditions:

• -30 degrees for students in grades 1-4;
• -35 degrees for students in grades 1-9;
• -40 degrees for students in grades 1-11.

At higher wind speeds, the conditions for canceling classes are as follows:

At extreme air temperatures, unusual for specific regions, local TV channels, radio and print media inform the population about the closure of schools. But the best way to find out if the school has canceled classes is to call the class teacher on the phone.

In the end, parents should be guided by common sense. If it's bitter cold outside, and going to school turns into an extreme test, then you should skip classes even if they are not officially canceled. Learning with a child the educational material passed in his absence is easier than treating him for hypothermia and filling out a sick leave in a clinic so as not to be reprimanded at work by management.

Severe frosts in winter are typical for many regions of the Russian Federation. When the scale on the thermometer steadily goes down, many people ask themselves questions: at what temperature do children not go to school, do workers have the legal right not to go to work? It is worth noting that the decision regarding the cancellation of classes is made by local regional departments and heads of manufacturing enterprises. At the same time, both the requirements of the labor code and generally accepted standard norms are taken into account. Let's consider in order.

Children attending preschool

Kindergartens function regardless of climatic conditions. According to the document: SanPiN 2.4.1.1249-03, only the hours of walking change. So, at temperatures from -15 and wind speeds of more than 7 m / s, kids spend a short period outside. If the gusts increase to 15 m/s, walks are canceled for children under 4 years old. When the temperature drops to -20, the rest of the kids remain in the groups.

School students

There are various standards for schoolchildren that apply in severe frosts. They depend on the age group.

Classes are canceled as follows

• students of rural educational institutions from grades 1 to 4 - at a temperature of -25 degrees

• schoolchildren of city institutions of grades 1-4 - at a mark below 27 ° С

• students of all institutions of grades 1-11 - with a decrease in indicators to -30 ° С

It is worth noting that orders to suspend the educational process are issued by the Ministry of Education. However, the final decision is made directly by the heads of institutions. The cancellation of classes can be associated not only with frost, but also with an increase in the strength of gusts of wind.

In regions where more severe climatic conditions are observed, other norms are established. In the northern regions, classes for younger students are canceled when the thermometer values ​​are -28 ° C, students in grades 5-9 - from 30 ° C, students in grades 10-11 - less than 32 ° C.

On the territory of Siberia, kids do not attend school at -30°C, middle school students at -32°C, high school students at -35°C.

In Yakutia, the marks should be very low. Pupils of grades 1-4 stay at home when the frost is -40°С, schoolchildren of middle groups - from -48°С, students of grades 10-11 - with indicators less than -50°С.

Workers of manufacturing enterprises

The work of specialists in certain professions, as a rule, stops when critical extreme conditions are reached. If the office or buildings are not heated or are not heated well enough, management may shorten the work shift. The norms regarding the performance of duties in the winter months in the open air or inside unheated facilities are regulated by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, namely Article 109.

Regulations allow people whose workplace is open space to use breaks for heating. The latter are included in working hours. The duration and number of breaks are parameters determined by the administration of the enterprise in agreement with the trade union.

So, for example, masons stop working when they reach -25 degrees, if the wind gusts are more than 3 points. In the absence of strong air circulation, work continues up to -30 degrees. Persons who are representatives of other specialties, working in the open air, stop their activities, respectively, at -27 or at -35 degrees. If the forced stoppage of work is associated with a breakdown of special equipment, then the downtime is paid in the amount of 2/3 of the salary.

Office staff

Office workers must continue to perform their duties, regardless of weather conditions. Only the temperature indicator directly at the place of work is taken into account. This issue is regulated by sanitary standards according to SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96.

Based on the content of this act, employees are classified into several categories

• Sedentary work. These are managers, office workers, seamstresses, etc. The norm for them is considered to be conditions within 22-24 degrees with a plus mark.

• Leg work. This includes salespeople, managers, controllers, consultants, and others. They are required to continue activities at a temperature of 21-23 degrees.

• Work involving certain physical loads. These are guides, cleaners, employees of machine-building enterprises. The optimal values ​​​​in this case: 19-21 degrees Celsius.

• Activities in which you have to walk, carry weights of no more than 10 kg. This, as a rule, includes welders, metalworkers and other factory workers. The norm for them is the temperature in the range of 17-19 degrees.

• Work associated with heavy physical labor. These are employees of foundries and blacksmith shops, loaders carrying objects over 10 kg. In such a situation, conditions are optimal at a temperature of 16-18 degrees.

If the indicators on the thermometer scale drop by one value, then the working day is reduced by an hour, and so on exponentially.

In most of the territory of Russia, the climate suggests a harsh and frosty winter. A low temperature is a legal reason not to go to school, which cannot but please the children. If the local authorities decide to cancel classes in educational institutions due to frost, children can take a break from classes.

Regulatory document

Each student at least once asked the question: “At what temperature do classes in schools cancel?” On this account, there are special recommendations of the Ministry of Education and Science - the document "On the mode of operation of educational institutions in the conditions of a sharp decrease in outdoor temperature." It contains clarifications on the minimum permitted temperature at which children's preschool and educational institutions are visited. Its level should be regulated in a particular region by the city department of education based on the climatic conditions of this area at the current moment.

Preschoolers, as well as students of the first - fourth grades, may not attend an educational institution if the thermometer drops below twenty-five degrees. Pupils of middle and senior classes are released from classes when the temperature drops to minus twenty-seven degrees Celsius.

At what temperature are classes canceled in schools in different regions.

The central part of Russia, in particular Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Smolensk and others, perceive temperatures below minus twenty-three degrees Celsius as a reason to stop classes in elementary school. The middle classes do not attend classes when the thermometer is below minus twenty-six, and the senior classes - at -31 Celsius.

Depending on air humidity and wind strength, this temperature scale may vary in different regions. So, in the Urals, at minus twenty-five, only kids are exempted from classes. If the temperature drops below minus twenty-eight to thirty degrees Celsius, middle school students can rest, and if the thermometer reaches thirty-two degrees below zero, high school students may not go to school.

For students in Siberian schools, the reason for exemption from classes is the lower readings of the thermometer. At what temperature are classes canceled in schools in Omsk and Irkutsk? Here, children are exempted from visiting educational institutions if it is from thirty to forty degrees of frost outside.

It is noteworthy that in the northern regions of Russia, the reason for exemption from lessons is so low temperatures that even adults living in other regions of Russia will find it difficult to leave the house in such cold weather. For example, in Yakutia and the Yakutsk region, children from primary school will be released from attending classes only at temperatures below forty degrees. The middle school link can rest only when the thermometer is minus forty-eight degrees, and high school students will stay at home at minus fifty. It should be noted that such frosts in this region are an infrequent phenomenon, and therefore schoolchildren are rarely released from classes due to cold weather.

At what temperature are classes canceled in schools in the southern regions? Here, the probability of non-attendance of educational institutions by children due to frost is extremely small, since in winter the thermometer readings practically do not fall below seven to eight degrees Celsius above zero.

How kindergartens are visited in extreme cold

In case of severe frosts, classes are also canceled in preschool institutions. At what temperature can children not visit the garden? In principle, the rules are the same as described above. But! If there is "non-flying weather" on the street, but the children's plant continues to work, they are limited to simply holding gardening events in a group, without walking in the fresh air.

So, when should guys stay indoors? Toddlers under four years old are not taken out for walks when the thermometer is below minus fifteen degrees Celsius, as well as when the wind speed is more than fifteen meters per second. Children between the ages of five and seven do not go for a walk if the mercury column drops below minus twenty degrees Celsius and the wind speed exceeds fifteen meters per second.

Can parents leave their child at home in the cold?

The final decision regarding the attendance of children in an educational institution is made by the parents. It can be based on several aspects: the state of health of the child, the remoteness of the school / kindergarten from home, a sharp cold snap and a drop in temperature. Cancellation of classes at school does not always take place, and if parents consider it necessary to leave the student at home due to adverse weather conditions, this does not require documentary evidence and written explanations.

Alert

When classes are canceled at school, teachers are required to contact the parents of students and notify them of the exemption from school attendance by children. Mass notification of the population about the temporary suspension of classes in educational institutions is carried out on radio, television (creeping line and in the news), on the Internet on the local website of the Department of Education, as well as by a special phone number.

Reimbursement of the school program

All students who rejoice at the opportunity to not go to school on absolutely legal grounds should remember one important rule. In cases where most of the children do not attend an educational institution, school holidays can be used in full to conduct classes for studying the program.

I remember how in my school years I rejoiced in the frosts ... not that I really liked cold weather so much - but simply in such cases school classes were canceled (after all, despite all the sentimental clichés - I did not consider school lessons to be “wonderful” at all, and even an extra there was no desire to meet classmates (who for the most part were the most unpleasant subjects) and endure a massive “sonic attack”).

This practice of caring for the health of schoolchildren continues today. But what are the exact numbers - how cold should it be for classes to be cancelled? We managed to get some information on this subject in one of the schools in Kostroma (fortunately, it does not represent a state secret - everything is posted on the stand for interested persons).

It turns out that the decision to cancel a lesson depends not only on the air temperature, but also on the wind speed (the higher it is, the lower the temperature is needed to cancel the lessons).

"Starting point" - temperature at a wind of 5 m/s Classes are canceled from 1st grade to 4th grade. At a temperature from t - 26 0 C to t -28 0 C, 3 m / s is enough for this, and at a temperature t -29 0 C with a wind of 5 m / s do not study in the sixth grade inclusive.

Classes in classes from 1st to 11th are canceled at temperatures from t -30 0 C to t -38 0 C with a wind speed of 4 m / s, at t -39 0 C or t -40 0 C 2 m / s is enough with and, finally, at a temperature of t -41 0 C and below, they do not study even in calm weather.

Moreover, if the cancellation of classes is announced, this does not mean at all that the school will be closed on that day: teachers are still obliged to be at their workplaces and - if one of the children still comes - to study with them (even if individually), thus. the cancellation of classes in the cold means permission not to come to school, not a ban on coming.

There are also rules for conducting physical education lessons on the street or in the gym. This is also determined by the air temperature in combination with the wind speed and the age of the students.

With children 7-11 years old you can exercise outdoors in calm weather at temperatures up to t -15 0 C, with winds up to 5 m / s - up to t -10 0 C, from 5 to 10 m / s - up to t -7 0 C.

With students aged 12-13: in calm weather - up to -17 0 C, with wind up to 5 m / s - up to t -13 0 C, from 5 to 10 m / s - up to t -10 0 C.

14-15 year old teenagers can exercise outdoors in calm weather - at temperatures up to t -20 0 C, with winds up to 5 m / s - up to t 17 0 C, from 5 to 10 m / s - up to t 17 0 C.

Norms for high school students (16-18 years old): calm weather - up to t -21 0 C, wind up to 5 m / s - up to t -20 0 C, from 5 to 10 m / s - up to t -15 0 C.

And finally - with any students (from the first grade to the eleventh), at any air temperature, it is supposed to conduct physical education lessons in the gym (and not on the street) with a wind speed of more than 10 m / s. Nothing was reported about rain or hail in the indicated tables posted in the school lobby - but, apparently, this moment entirely depends on the sanity of the physical education teacher. However, if he decided to raise and educate "Spartans" ... then the parents will have to decide directly with the headmaster - whether they want "Spartan" education for their children or not.