1. Working with a contour map:

a) sign the names and coordinates of the extreme points of Africa;
b) sign large landforms;
c) designate the climatic zones of Africa and sign the main climate indicators for each zone;
d) sign large rivers, lakes.

2. What is the peculiarity of the geographical position of Africa?

Unequal land area north and south of the equator, which is important in the manifestation of landscape zonality.

3. What assumptions about the features of the nature of Africa can be made based on knowledge of its geographical position?

Hot and dry climate (high temperatures, low rainfall), as a result - deserts.

4. How will the geographical position of Africa change in millions of years if the current direction of movement of the lithospheric plates continues? What changes will take place in the climate of the mainland?

The African-Arabian Plate, which lies at the base of Africa, is moving to the northeast. In 100 million years, Africa will advance 2300 km (2.3 cm/year) and will be located behind the Caspian Sea. Its climate will be temperate continental, which means hot summers and cold winters.

5. Determine what area Africa occupies among the continents.

6. Which travelers explored the following areas of Africa (place the numbers)?

7. Africa was explored by travelers and scientists from many countries, among them there were especially many representatives of Great Britain. How do you explain it?

This is due to the large number of colonies that belonged to Great Britain in Africa.

8. On the physical map of the atlas, establish how the border between "high" and "low" Africa passes.

Northeast to Southwest

9. What landforms prevail on the mainland? Why?

Most of the mainland is characterized by a flat relief. This is due to the old platform underlying the mainland.

10. Using the physical map of Africa in the atlas, determine which objects the following heights refer to:

4165 m - Toubkal;
5895 m - volcano. Kilimanjaro;
4620 m - Ras-Dashen;
5199 m - Kenya;
2918 m - Tahat.

11. Establish patterns of distribution of sedimentary and igneous minerals on the mainland. Fill the table.

Conclusion: minerals of sedimentary and magmatic origin is located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.

12. What type of climate is most common in Africa? Why?

Tropical type of climate, because. the main part of the mainland is located between the tropics.

13. What depends on:
a) the distribution of air temperatures on the mainland

From the location of the climatic zone;

b) distribution of precipitation

from air circulation.

14. According to the climatic map of Africa, determine:

a) the hottest - Dallol (Ethiopia);
b) the coldest - Sutherland (South Africa);
c) the driest - the Sahara desert;
d) the wettest place on the mainland - Debunja (Cameroon).

15. Why is the hottest place in Africa not located on the equator?

In the equatorial climate it is very humid (it often rains), which reduces the air temperature. Diffused solar radiation also dominates.

16. Which climatic zone is characterized by:

a) dry hot summers and cool wet winters - subtropical;
b) dry hot winters and humid hot summers - subequatorial.

17. In June, July, August, the atmospheric pressure belts over Africa shift: a) to the north; b) south. Explain your choice of answer.

b, because during the year, the intertropical convergence zone shifts hundreds of kilometers relative to the equator to the hemisphere in which summer begins.

18. Explain the reasons for the uneven moisture content of the territories of the mainland that the Southern Tropic crosses.

This is due to sea currents and air masses above them. (West coast: cold currents - the air is less humid; east coast: warm currents - the air is more humid).

19. According to the climatic map of Africa in the atlas, make a characteristic of the climate of the following points.

20. The conditions of which climatic zone in Africa are most favorable for the life of European settlers? Why?

Subtropical zone: hot (+27-28⁰С) dry summers, relatively warm winters (+10-12⁰С).

21. Why do most of the rivers of the mainland flow into the Atlantic Ocean?

This is due to the relief - in the east (and southeast) there are high plateaus and mountains.

22. In what months of the year does the Zambezi River flood? Explain the answer.

December and January, March and April. At this time it rains, and the river is fed by rain.

23. What river do you need to make a trip to visit almost all the natural zones of Africa?

24. By what signs of African lakes can one judge the origin of their basins? Give examples.

By size, depth, relief of the coast. For example, Tanganyika: elongated and narrow, deep, and, therefore, of tectonic origin.

25. Fill in the table using the text of the textbook and maps of the atlas.

26. What is the peculiarity of the location of natural zones on the continent?

Africa is one of the few places on Earth where geographic zoning follows all the rules.

27. Which natural areas are characterized by:

a) baobab, antelope, doum palm, marabou, cheetah
Savannah

b) oil palm, yellow tree, ficus, okapi
Moist equatorial forests

c) spurge, aloe, turtle, hyena, jackal
Tropical deserts

28. Determine the natural area according to the description.

“The color of the African seasons is the same all year round – green. Only in one period the green color is pure, bright, and in the other it is faded, as if faded ... In the dry season, the earth turns into stone, grass into bast, trees crackle from lack of juice. And here the first downpour brings nature back to life. Having greedily drunk water, the earth swells from moisture, generously gives it to trees, herbs, flowers. They drink, drink and can't get drunk… Almost every day the rain either whips with a powerful jet, or sprinkles with fine mist. The air temperature drops, and the locals shiver their shoulders in a chilly way, complaining: "It's cold!" When the thermometer shows 18-20 degrees, some Africans believe that "frost" has come. They pull on everything that they have from clothes, tie scarves around their heads, kindle fires in the streets, just to calm the trembling. (L. Pochivalov)

Zone of humid equatorial forests.

29. Explain the reason for the low soil fertility of the equatorial forest.

A large amount of precipitation; rapid decay caused by bacteria prevents the accumulation of the humus layer.

30. On the diagram, use arrows to show the connections in the natural complex of tropical deserts.

31. On the territory of which natural zones in Africa have the most national parks and reserves been created? Why?

Savannah, moist equatorial forests. These areas are home to a wide variety of animals.

32. What natural disasters happen on the mainland? With the processes in what shells of the Earth are they associated?

Droughts, floods during the rainy season (atmosphere, biosphere).

33. Assess the consequences of the increase in the area of ​​the Sahara.

More desert - more and the number of dust storms; desertification of lands adjacent to the Sahara; change in the animal and plant world.

34. On a map, draw up a project for connecting the river systems of Africa and justify its necessity.

It is important to provide the population of North Africa with fresh water for life, the development of agriculture (canals, water (river) networks will make it possible to irrigate the land).

35. The population of Africa is about 1 billion human.

36. On the contour map on p. 43 designate the largest in number peoples of the mainland.

37. Mark on the contour map such types of economic activities of the population of the continent as hunting, farming, mining.

38. What peoples of Africa live:

a) in the deserts - Bantu, Bedouin, Tubu, Mosi;
b) in the savannas - Tutsi, Nilotic, Maasai;
c) in the equatorial forests - pygmies;
d) on the uplands and plateaus - Somali, Nilotic, Dinka.

39. In which countries are:

a) the Zaire River - Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola;
b) volcano Cameroon - Cameroon;
c) Victoria Falls - Zambia, Zimbabwe;
d) Lake Tana - Ethiopia;
e) Mount Kilimanjaro - Tanasia;
f) Cape Mountains - South Africa;
g) the largest reservoir - Uganda;
h) the Nile Delta - Egypt.

40. Give three examples for each group of countries.

The largest countries in terms of area are Sudan, Algeria, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The smallest countries in terms of area are Swaziland, Lesotho, Gambia.
Landlocked countries - Chad, Niger, Mali.
The largest countries in terms of population are Egypt, Ethiopia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Countries, most of which lie in deserts, are Niger, Chad, Libya.
The countries, most of which lie in the equatorial forests, are the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Countries in whose territory altitudinal zonality is expressed are Lesotho, Swaziland, Kenya.

41. What sources of knowledge and in what sequence should be used to compile a description of any country?

1. Atlas
2. Textbook, encyclopedia

42. Write a description of one of the African countries in the form of a diagram, a logical outline or a series of drawings.
(according to the plan from the textbook, p. 313)

Egypt

1. North Africa, Cairo.
2. Mostly flat relief; there are several plateaus; lowest point: Qattara Depression - 133 m; highest point: Mount Saint Catherine (Sinai) 2629 m
Minerals: oil, natural gas, iron ores, phosphates, limestone, manganese, zinc, lead.
3. Egypt is located within the subtropical (northern part) and tropical (most) climatic zones, tropical desert climate prevails; average July temperatures +29⁰С-+33⁰С, January +12-+15⁰С; the average annual rainfall reaches only 180 mm.
4. The largest river is the Nile.
5. Zone of deserts and semi-deserts (dust storms, low annual precipitation, high temperatures, sparse vegetation).
6. 98% of the population are Arabs (tourism, agriculture, light industry).

43. Expand the dependence of the nature of the dwellings of one of the peoples of Africa on natural conditions. You can make drawings.

44. Is it fair to say that the population of the countries of North Africa is engaged only in cattle breeding? Explain your answer.

Not fair, because the population of some countries of North Africa is also engaged in agriculture.

45. Why is South Africa referred to as the most economically developed countries in Africa?

South Africa is an industrial-agrarian country, which occupies one of the first places in the world in the extraction of gold, platinum, diamonds, manganese, chromium and antimony; there are oil refineries, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy plants, machine-building enterprises; the tourism business is also developed.

46. ​​Make a forecast of the economic development of the Sahara.

Land use in the Sahara: pastures with pockets of cultivated land, camel breeding.

Everyone remembers that Africa is the hottest continent on the planet. But few people know that Africa is also the "highest" of the continents, since it has the highest average height above sea level. The relief of Africa is very diverse and complex: there are mountain systems, plateaus, large plains, active and long-extinct volcanoes.

The relief of any region, as is known, is closely connected with the tectonic and geological structure of the territory. The relief of Africa and the minerals of this continent are also associated with the tectonics of the mainland. Let's consider this question in more detail.

Plan for describing the relief of the territory of Africa

The relief of any continent is characterized according to a specific plan. The relief of Africa is described according to the following algorithm:

1. characteristics of the mainland.
2. Analysis of the history of the development of the earth's crust.
3. Characterization of external and internal (exogenous and endogenous) factors of relief formation.
4. Description of the general features of the relief of the continent.
5. Highlighting the maximum and minimum height.
6. Minerals and their distribution on the territory of the mainland.

Low and High Africa

The description of the relief of Africa should begin with the fact that the mainland, from an orographic point of view, is divided into two parts: High and Low Africa.

Low Africa occupies more than 60% of the entire area of ​​​​the continent (geographically, these are the northern, western and central parts of Africa). Heights up to 1000 meters prevail here. High Africa covers the southern and eastern parts of the mainland, where the average heights are 1000-1500 meters above sea level. Here are the highest points - Kilimanjaro (5895 meters), Rwenzori and Kenya.

General characteristics of the African relief

Now consider the main features of the relief of Africa.

The main feature is that the relief of the mainland is mostly flat. Mountain ranges border the mainland only in the south and northwest. In East Africa, the relief is predominantly flat.

Such landforms of Africa predominate: plateaus, plains, highlands, plateaus, remnant peaks and volcanic massifs. At the same time, they are located on the territory of the mainland very unevenly: inside it there are mostly leveled surfaces - plains and plateaus, and along the edges - hills and mountain ranges. This feature is associated with the tectonic structure of Africa, most of which lies on the ancient platform of the Precambrian age, and along its edges there are areas of folding.

Of all the mountain systems in Africa, only the Atlas is young. In the east of the mainland, the huge East African Rift Valley stretches for more than 6,000 kilometers in length. Grandiose volcanoes formed in the places of its faults, and very deep lakes formed in the depressions.

It is worth listing the largest landforms in Africa. These include the Atlas, Draconian and Ethiopian highlands, the Tibesti and Ahaggar highlands, the East African plateau.

atlas mountains

The mountainous landforms of Africa are, as already mentioned, only in the south and northwest of the mainland. One of the African mountain systems is the Atlas.

The Atlas Mountains arose 300 million years ago as a result of the collision of the Eurasian and African plates. Later, they were raised to considerable heights due to neotectonic movements that took place at the end of the Paleogene. It is worth noting that earthquakes occur in this area even now.

The Atlas is composed mainly of marls, limestones, and also ancient volcanic rocks. The bowels are rich in metal ores, as well as phosphorites and oil.

This is the largest mountain system in Africa, which includes several almost parallel mountain ranges:

• High Atlas.
• Rif.
• Tel Atlas.
• Middle Atlas.
• Sahara Atlas.
• Antiatlas.

The total length of the mountain range is about 2400 kilometers. The maximum heights are located on the territory of the state of Morocco (Mount Toubkal, 4165 meters). The average heights of the ridges range from 2000-2500 meters.

dragon mountains

This mountain system in the south of the mainland is located on the territory of three states - Lesotho, South Africa and Swaziland. The highest point of the Dragon Mountains is Mount Thabana-Ntlenyana with a height of 3482 meters. The mountains formed 360 million years ago, during the Hercynian era. They got such a formidable name due to their inaccessibility and wild appearance.

The territory is rich in minerals: platinum, gold, tin and coal. The organic world of the Dragon Mountains is also unique, with several endemic species. The main part of the mountain range (Drakensberg Park) is a UNESCO site.

The Drakensberg Mountains are the watershed boundary between the Indian Ocean basin and the upper reaches of the Orange River. They have a unique shape: their tops are flat, table-like, separated by erosion processes into separate plateaus.

Ethiopian highlands

The relief of Africa is strikingly diverse. Here you can find high mountain ranges of the Alpine type, hilly plateaus, vast plains and deep depressions. One of the most famous mainland is the Ethiopian Highlands, within which not only Ethiopia is located, but also 6 other African states.

This is a real mountain system with average heights of 2-3 kilometers and the highest point of 4550 meters (Mount Ras Dashen). Due to the specific features of the relief of the highlands, it is often called the "roof of Africa". In addition, this "roof" often shakes, seismicity remains high here.

The highlands formed only 75 million years ago. It consists of crystalline schists and gneisses overlain from above by volcanic rocks. Quite picturesque are the western slopes of the Ethiopian Highlands, indented by the canyons of the Blue Nile River.

Within the highlands there are rich deposits of gold, sulfur, platinum, copper and in addition, it is also an important agricultural region. It is considered the birthplace of coffee, as well as some varieties of wheat.

Mount Kilimanjaro

This volcano is not only the highest point of the mainland (5895 meters), but also a kind of symbol of all of Africa. The volcano is located on the border of two states - Kenya and Tanzania. From the Swahili language, the name of the volcano is translated as "sparkling mountain".

Kilimanjaro rises above the Masai plateau at a height of 900 meters, so visually it seems that the volcano is unrealistically high. Scientists do not predict the activity of the volcano in the near future (apart from the possible release of gases), although it was recently found that the lava is located 400 meters from the Kibo crater.

According to local legends, the volcano erupted about two centuries ago. Although there is no documentary evidence for this. The highest point of Kilimanjaro - Uhuru Peak - was first conquered in 1889 by Hans Meyer. Today, the speedy conquest of Kilimanjaro is practiced. In 2010, the Spaniard Kilian Burgada set a kind of world record by climbing to the top of the volcano in 5 hours and 23 minutes.

Relief of Africa and minerals

Africa is a continent with huge economic potential, which is characterized by huge reserves of various minerals. In addition, a more or less even, slightly dissected topography of the territory contributes to the development of industry and the construction of roads and other means of communication.

Africa is rich in minerals, on the basis of which metallurgy and petrochemistry can develop. Thus, the continent holds the absolute leadership in the world in terms of total reserves of phosphorites, chromites and tantalum. Africa also has large deposits of manganese, copper and uranium ore, bauxite, gold and even diamonds. On the mainland, they even distinguish the so-called "copper belt" - a belt of high mineral and raw material potential, stretching from Katanga to (DRC). In addition to copper itself, gold, cobalt, tin, uranium and oil are also mined here.

In addition, such regions of Africa as North Africa and West Africa (its Guinean part) are also considered very rich in the presence of minerals.

So you got acquainted with the features of the relief of the hottest continent on Earth. The relief of Africa is unique and diverse, here you can find all its forms - mountain ranges, plateaus and plateaus, highlands, hills and depressions.

1. What part of the African Plate does the platform occupy?
2. What are the patterns of formation of mountain systems?
3. What is the relationship between rocks and minerals?

Relief. If you look at the physical map of the world, you will see that in Africa, compared to other continents, plains from 200 to 1000 m high prevail.

There are few lowlands in Africa; they are located along the coasts of the oceans and seas. There are no high and extended mountain ranges on the mainland, like the Cordillera, the Andes. The age of the rocks of the platform underlying the continent is 2-3 billion years or more. The high mountain systems that formed here before were destroyed under the influence of the external forces of the Earth. Huge undulating plains appeared in place of the mountains, above which only in some places rise crystalline massifs.

Rice. 51. Great East African Rifts

Under the influence of internal processes, certain sections of the African platform were rising, which led to the formation of high plateaus. Others sank, resulting in large basins (Chad, Congo, Kalahari, etc.). The movements were accompanied by breaks in the earth's crust, the formation of horsts, grabens, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes. In East Africa, there is the largest fault in the earth's crust on land. It stretches along the Red Sea through the Ethiopian highlands to the mouth of the Zambezi River. Here, the African lithospheric plate is moving apart (divergence), so earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are frequent.

According to the prevailing heights, Africa is divided into two parts: North and West, where the heights are below 1000 m, and East and South, with heights of more than 1000 m. North and West Africa are largely covered with sedimentary rocks - continental and marine. These territories were occupied by the sea for a long time.

Rice. 52. Kilimanjaro - Earth's Greatest Volcano

In the northwest of the mainland are the Atlas Mountains, the northern young ranges of which are located at the junction of two lithospheric plates. (Name these plates.)

The eastern part of Africa occupies the Great African Plateau, which is strongly uplifted and fragmented by shifts in the earth's crust. Here are the highest peaks of the mainland, the giant extinct and active volcanoes of Kilimanjaro, Kenya, etc. To the north of the East African Plateau is the Ethiopian Highlands. It consists of high plateaus - elevated plains, composed of horizontally deposited sedimentary and volcanic rocks. The plateau is bounded by high ledges. The plateau of South Africa in the central part goes down and turns into basins. The very south of the mainland is bordered by the flat-topped Cape Mountains. In East and South Africa, ancient crystalline rocks often come to the surface. (On the map, determine the height of the plateaus of East and South Africa and the highest peaks of the Atlas Mountains, the Ethiopian Highlands and Mount Kilimanjaro.)

Minerals. Africa is rich in a variety of minerals. Many of them are represented by the largest deposits in the world. Due to the predominance of igneous rocks in Africa, there are especially many ore minerals that were formed during the introduction of magma from the depths of the Earth into the thickness of the earth's crust along fault lines. In South and East Africa, they lie shallow, since there the ancient crystalline rocks are close to the surface.

Rice. 53. East African Plateau - the most elevated part of Africa

Africa accounts for most of the world's diamond production. Diamonds are used not only for the manufacture of precious stones (diamonds), but also in industry due to their high hardness.

In the lower parts of the mainland, where sedimentary rocks predominate, deposits of sedimentary origin are widespread: coal, various salts, manganese ores, etc. Huge oil reserves have been discovered in North Africa and on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea. Africa is also rich in phosphorites, from which fertilizers are produced. Their main deposits are located in the north of the mainland.

1. Make a description of the relief of the island of Madagascar (see the plan in the appendix).
2. Label the minerals on the outline map and explain the reasons for their location.
3. What will happen to the African Plate if the expansion processes taking place in the East African Rift Zone intensify?

Africa has a large number of minerals. Of particular importance are the resources for various branches of metallurgy, which are provided by various African countries.

Deposits in the south

In the southern part of the mainland lies a huge number of different ores. Chromites, tungsten, manganese are mined here. A large-scale graphite deposit was discovered on the island of Madagascar.

Of great importance for African countries is the extraction of precious metals such as gold. It is mined in South Africa. In addition, South Africa has a large amount of lead, uranium ores, tin, cobalt and copper. Zinc, molybdenum, lead and manganese are mined in the north.

Mining in the north and west

Oil fields are located in the north of the continent. Morocco is considered its main producer. In the area of ​​the Atlas mountain range near Libya, there is a strip of occurrence of phosphorites. They are valuable for metallurgy and the chemical industry. Various fertilizers for the agro-industry are still produced from them. It should be emphasized that half of the world's phosphorite reserves are mined in Africa.

Oil and coal are the most valuable African minerals. Their large deposits are located in the area of ​​the river. Niger. In West Africa, various iron and non-ferrous ores are mined. On the west coast there are deposits of natural gas, which is exported to various countries of the world. This is a cheap and efficient fuel used in everyday life and industry.

Types of minerals in Africa

If we group all minerals, then coal and oil can be attributed to the group of combustibles. Their deposits are located not only in South Africa, but also in Algeria, Libya, Nigeria. Ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals - aluminum, copper, titanium-magnesium, manganese, copper, antimony, tin - are mined in South Africa and Zambia, in Cameroon and the Republic of the Congo.

The most valuable metals are platinum and gold are mined in South Africa. Among the precious stones there are diamond deposits. They are used not only in jewelry, but also in various industries due to their hardness.

The African continent is rich in various minerals. For some rocks and minerals, African countries make a significant contribution to world mining performance. The largest number of deposits of various rocks is located in the south of the mainland, namely in South Africa.

slide 2

Targets and goals

• To form in students an idea of ​​the tectonic structure, relief and minerals of Africa - their composition, structure, location.
• Continue the formation of the ability to establish causal relationships, work with geographical maps and compare them.

slide 3

Repetition of the material covered

• What is the area of ​​Africa? (Second in the world)
• How many hemispheres is Africa in? (In four)
• What is Almadi? (Cape)
• Which cape is the extreme southern point of Africa? (Needle)
• Which continent is closest to Africa? (Eurasia)
• What strait separates Africa from Europe? (Gibraltar)
• North Cape of Africa. (Ben Secca)

slide 5

• Name a famous explorer.
• He crossed South Africa from west to east, explored the Zambezi River, discovered a large beautiful waterfall on it, which he called Victoria.
• Who led the expedition, which from 1926 to 1927. in Africa collected 6,000 specimens of cultivated plants?
• David Livingston
• Nikolay Ivanovich Vavilov

slide 6

Map analysis: "The structure of the earth's crust"

• How many lithospheric plates is Africa on?
• Are there areas of collision with other plates? If so, where, and what processes occur during a collision?
• What is the name of the plate and platform on which the mainland is located?
• What age mountains are located on the mainland?
• In what direction and at what speed is the plate moving?

Slide 7

Comparison of tectonic and physical maps

• What is relief?
• Recall the studied landforms.

Slide 8

East African Rifts

• What landforms are predominant in Africa?
• What are the reasons for the diversity of relief?
• In East Africa, there is the largest fault in the earth's crust on land. It stretches along the Red Sea through the Ethiopian highlands to the mouth of the Zambezi River. What do you think about his education?

Slide 9

Relief

• Where are the young mountains? What are their names?
• Could young mountains form in the center of the Sahara?
• Where are the lowlands?
• How do you see the dependence of landforms on the structure of the earth's crust of the mainland?

Slide 10

• Plains cover most of Africa. According to the prevailing heights, the mainland can be divided into Low Africa and High Africa.
• Determine on the map the prevailing heights of Low and High Africa.

slide 11

Working with the physical map of Africa

On the physical map of Africa, enter the missing data in the table.

slide 12

atlas mountains

In the northwest of the mainland are the Atlas Mountains, the northern young ranges of which are located at the junction of two lithospheric plates.

slide 13

Toubkal

The highest peak of the Atlas is Mount Toubkal (4165 m), a favorite vacation spot for fans of ski tourism.

Slide 14

Mount Kilimanjaro

Kilimanjaro is one of the largest extinct volcanoes in the world, the highest mountain in Africa.

slide 15

Ethiopian highlands

The Ethiopian Highlands is a huge mountain range with chains of high mountains and many individual extinct volcanoes.

slide 16

dragon mountains

The Dragon Mountains look like a ledge, one slope of which is gentle, and the other is steep, and the steep slope is 2 times shorter than the gentle one.

Slide 17

Minerals

• Which part of Africa is rich in igneous ore minerals, and which is rich in sedimentary minerals?
• What are the differences in the distribution of mineral deposits of different origins?

Slide 18

Conclusion

• Minerals of sedimentary origin correspond to the plains, and these are the northern, western and central parts of the mainland.
• Minerals of igneous origin correspond to the mountainous relief, and these are the eastern and southeastern parts of the mainland.
• Consequently, there is a certain relationship between the structure of the earth's crust, relief and minerals, namely: the platforms correspond to plains and deposits of sedimentary minerals.
• Minerals of igneous origin are found on the plains, where the crystalline foundation of the platform comes close to the earth's surface, as well as along the fault line of the earth's crust.
• Folded areas correspond to mountains and minerals of igneous origin. Sedimentary minerals are found in the mountains, the formation of which took place on the site of an ancient sea.

Slide 19

Test

1. They are located at the junction of two lithospheric plates. 1) Dragon mountains; 2) Cape Mountains; 3) Atlas mountains;
2. The highest point in Africa. 1) Mount Kilimanjaro; 2) volcano Kenya; 3) volcano Cameroon.
3. Huge reserves have been discovered in North Africa and on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea. 1) copper ores; 2) diamonds; 3) oil.
4. Highlands in eastern Africa. 1) Ahaggar; 2) Ethiopian; 3) Tibesti.
5. Mountains in southeast Africa. 1) Dragon mountains; 2) Cape Mountains; 3) Atlas mountains;

Slide 20

Homework

§25. Label major landforms and mineral deposits on a contour map.

slide 21

List of sources used

• Library of electronic visual aids "Geography 6-10 grades"
• Nikitin N.A. Pourochnye developments in geography. 7th grade. - M .: "VAKO", 2005
• http://website/

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