Main approaches to lyric poem classical type we will try to show on the example of the analysis of the poem by F. I. Tyutchev " The last cataclysm» (1830).

When it strikes last hour nature,

The composition of the parts will collapse earthly:

Everything visible will again be covered by water,

And God's face will be depicted in them!

We begin the analysis with the poetics of the title, since it contains the main lyrical image, the main emotion for the poet is hidden and philosophical idea. In fact, the title reflects the author's understanding of the text.

The adjective "last" denotes events taking place on the verge, at the last line.

The very word "cataclysm" (not "transformation" or "change", close in meaning) emphasizes the philosophical meaning of the poem. Judging by the title, it can be assumed that the text will unfold a picture from the Apocalypse, depicting the last day of creation. However, Tyutchev is an original poet-philosopher. For him, the last day will be the first day of the new creation.

The poem consists of one stanza (monostrophe) - a quatrain (quatrain).

However, compositionally, this stanza is divided into two parts - the first two verses ( poetic lines) and the last two.

This division is meaningful, it reflects the two main world processes (destruction and creation), which are given in two symmetrically located in the text verbs “will be destroyed” and “will be depicted”.

There are two elements in the poem - earth and water. Drawing the death of the earth under water, Tyutchev refers to the biblical myth of Noah's flood ("Everything visible will again be covered by water"). In this appeal itself there is a simultaneous indication of death and salvation.

The philosophical nature of the verse is emphasized by the non-subjective construction - the absence of the pronouns "I", "you", "we", etc., which embody the image of a person in the verse. The poem carries a philosophical generalization. This is also evidenced by the choice of vocabulary - not empirical, but extremely abstract ("the last hour of nature", "everything visible", "God's face").

The process of destruction is "fixed" in the syntax of the verse: the first two lines are characterized by deep inversion (wrong, reverse order words in a sentence). Compare for example reverse word order (sentence with inversion) and direct:

“When the last hour of nature strikes. "

“When the last hour of nature strikes. "

In the first case, the stress falling on the end is determined by the laws of verse construction, ... in the second, it is logical.

The inversion disappears in the last line, which corresponds to the process of creation. The last line of the verse is distinguished not only by the absence of inversion (“And the face of God will be depicted in them!”), Not only by the exclamatory intonation, reflecting the special pathos of the phrase, but also by the phonetically sound “and”, repeated many times, in a special way the ending of the verse “And God’s the face will be depicted in them!

The poem "The Last Cataclysm" is written in iambic pentameter with masculine (percussion - "earthly", "them") and feminine (unstressed - "nature", "water") endings. Rhymes in the verse are both grammatical (nature - water) and non-grammatical (earthly - them). Cross, open (ending in a vowel) and closed (ending in a consonant). All this construction of the verse is based on the law of duality, "binarity", which is reflected primarily on the content level.

Along with the first line (“When the last hour of nature strikes”), where there is not a single metric failure, a pure iambic is presented, which expresses the inexorability and inevitability of the onset of the “last hour”, all other lines contain digressions (they fall on the main ones in semantic relation verbs "destroyed", "depicted"). The lack of stress is called pyrrhic. Let's imagine the second line of the verse "The composition of the earthly parts will collapse" as a metric scheme (a combination of stressed and unstressed syllables, denoting and - unstressed, I - stressed):

The fourth foot, attributable to the verb "will collapse", will turn out to be "lightened", pyrrhic.

Especially a lot of digressions occur in the third line (“Everything visible will again be covered by water”):

A superscheme stress appears in the first foot, called in versification sponde (II - two stressed syllables). The second foot is pyrrhic, with a missing accent.

Generally a large number of Failures in this line can be explained, in our opinion, by the fact that a human tragedy is hidden in it. The last cataclysm will destroy not only the “composition earthly parts”, but it will also turn into a human tragedy. At first glance, there is no place for the human in the poem. As we noted at the beginning, the poem is an enormous philosophical generalization. However, the expression "everything visible" (from Old Slavonic word"ghost" - "eye") includes the human plane, so the line is as if colored human emotion, breaking the usual rhythm of the verse.

"The Last Cataclysm" Fyodor Tyutchev

When the last hour of nature strikes,
The composition of the parts will collapse earthly:
Everything visible will again be covered by water,
And God's face will be depicted in them!

Analysis of Tyutchev's poem "The Last Cataclysm"

The Last Cataclysm is a philosophical miniature first published in the almanac Dennitsa in 1831. In it, Tyutchev refers to the legend of the Flood, widespread in mythology. different peoples. Among Christians, the most famous story is that told in Genesis. According to her, the flood became a punishment for mankind for moral decline. The Lord decided to leave alive only the pious Noah and the members of his family. God warned them in advance about the coming flood and ordered them to build an ark on which they could be saved during the catastrophe. The construction of the ship took 120 years. When the work was completed, Noah went on board, taking the animals with him. Immediately after this, water poured onto the earth, and the flood continued for forty days. It took nearly a year for Noah to get off the ark onto dry land. As they say in the Book of Genesis, the ship moored to Mount Ararat. Thanking God for salvation, Noah made a sacrifice, after which the Lord blessed him and everything that is on earth.

Tyutchev's poem speaks of repetition global flood: "... Everything visible will again be covered by water ...". The poet anticipates a catastrophe, only, in his opinion, it will bring the earth not only destruction. After the flood, the world will return to the beginning of time, to its divine origins. "The Last Cataclysm" is not a doomsday horror story. Water here acts as a source of life, as a result, perpetual motion, which is generally characteristic of Tyutchev's work. In a significant part of his landscape-philosophical poems, her image is found in one form or another - “Wave and Thought”, “Snowy Mountains”, “Fountain”. This list could go on for a very long time. According to Tyutchev, water will completely absorb the earth, but it will subsequently appear from it. new life. It turns out that the poem shows a single and two-faced process at the same time. Maximum destruction becomes the beginning of maximum creation. The earth must plunge into chaos, which, according to ancient Greek mythology, is the primary state of the universe.

According to a number of literary critics, "The Last Cataclysm" has social overtones- Tyutchev compares social upheavals in it with natural disasters. This statement is not meaningless. Fedor Ivanovich was very skeptical about revolutions and coups, which was reflected in his journalistic articles. The poet sometimes expressed his political views in poems. According to Tyutchev, in the modern world there were only two forces - conservative Russia and revolutionary Europe. Fedor Ivanovich believed that under the auspices of the first, it was necessary to create a union of Slavic-Orthodox countries. In 1848, the poet took over as senior censor. As part of his activities, he banned the distribution in the territory Russian Empire Communist Manifesto, translated into Russian. If we take into account Political Views Tyutchev, “The Last Cataclysm” can indeed be perceived as a statement about social upheavals, which often lead to irreversible catastrophic consequences.

The poem is written in iambic pentameter. The size chosen by the poet is not accidental. As Tomashevsky wrote, in the first decade XIX century iambic pentameter became widely used in tragedies. Tyutchev also emphasizes the sublime tragedy of his work with the help of vocabulary: “the last hour will strike”, “the waters will cover”, “the composition of the earthly parts will collapse”. The last line testifies that the catastrophe will lead to the birth of a new life. For her, Fedor Ivanovich chooses a positively colored vocabulary: "... And the face of God will be depicted in them!".

Great about verses:

Poetry is like painting: one work will captivate you more if you look at it closely, and another if you move further away.

Little cutesy poems irritate the nerves more than the creak of unoiled wheels.

The most valuable thing in life and in poetry is that which has broken.

Marina Tsvetaeva

Of all the arts, poetry is most tempted to replace its own idiosyncratic beauty with stolen glitter.

Humboldt W.

Poems succeed if they are created with spiritual clarity.

The writing of poetry is closer to worship than is commonly believed.

If only you knew from what rubbish Poems grow without shame... Like a dandelion near a fence, Like burdocks and quinoa.

A. A. Akhmatova

Poetry is not in verses alone: ​​it is spilled everywhere, it is around us. Take a look at these trees, at this sky - beauty and life breathe from everywhere, and where there is beauty and life, there is poetry.

I. S. Turgenev

For many people, writing poetry is a growing pain of the mind.

G. Lichtenberg

Lovely verse like a bow drawn through the sonorous fibers of our being. Not our own - our thoughts make the poet sing inside us. Telling us about the woman he loves, he delightfully awakens in our souls our love and our sorrow. He is a wizard. Understanding him, we become poets like him.

Where graceful verses flow, there is no place for vainglory.

Murasaki Shikibu

I turn to Russian versification. I think that over time we will turn to blank verse. There are too few rhymes in Russian. One calls the other. The flame inevitably drags the stone behind it. Because of the feeling, art certainly peeps out. Who is not tired of love and blood, difficult and wonderful, faithful and hypocritical, and so on.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin

- ... Are your poems good, tell yourself?
- Monstrous! Ivan suddenly said boldly and frankly.
- Do not write anymore! the visitor asked pleadingly.
I promise and I swear! - solemnly said Ivan ...

Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov. "The Master and Margarita"

We all write poetry; poets differ from the rest only in that they write them with words.

John Fowles. "The French Lieutenant's Mistress"

Every poem is a veil stretched out on the points of a few words. These words shine like stars, because of them the poem exists.

Alexander Alexandrovich Blok

The poets of antiquity, unlike modern ones, rarely wrote more than a dozen poems during their long lives. It is understandable: they were all excellent magicians and did not like to waste themselves on trifles. Therefore, for each poetic work of those times, the whole Universe is certainly hidden, filled with miracles - often dangerous for someone who inadvertently wakes dormant lines.

Max Fry. "The Talking Dead"

To one of my clumsy hippos-poems, I attached such a heavenly tail: ...

Mayakovsky! Your poems do not warm, do not excite, do not infect!
- My poems are not a stove, not a sea and not a plague!

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky

Poems are our inner music, clothed in words, permeated with thin strings of meanings and dreams, and therefore drive away critics. They are but miserable drinkers of poetry. What can a critic say about the depths of your soul? Don't let his vulgar groping hands in there. Let the verses seem to him an absurd lowing, a chaotic jumble of words. For us, this is a song of freedom from tedious reason, a glorious song that sounds on the snow-white slopes of our amazing soul.

Boris Krieger. "A Thousand Lives"

Poems are the thrill of the heart, the excitement of the soul and tears. And tears are nothing but pure poetry who rejected the word.

Analysis of the poem by F.I. Tyutchev "The Last Cataclysm"

We will try to show the main approaches to a lyric poem of the classical type using the analysis of a poem by F.I. Tyutchev "The Last Cataclysm" (1830).

When the last hour of nature strikes,

The composition of the parts will collapse earthly:

Everything visible will again be covered by water,

And God's face will be depicted in them!

We begin the analysis with the poetics of the title, since it contains the main lyrical image, the main emotion and philosophical idea for the poet are hidden. In fact, the title reflects the author's understanding of the text. The adjective "last" denotes events taking place on the verge, at the last line.

The very word "cataclysm" (not "transformation" or "change", close in meaning) emphasizes the philosophical meaning of the poem. Judging by the title, it can be assumed that the text will unfold a picture from the Apocalypse, depicting the last day of creation. However, Tyutchev is an original poet-philosopher. For him, the last day will be the first day of the new creation.

The poem consists of one stanza (monostrophy) - a quatrain (quatrain). However, compositionally, this stanza is divided into two parts - the first two verses (poetic lines) and the last two.

This division is meaningful, it reflects the two main world processes (destruction and creation), which are given in two symmetrically located verbs "will be destroyed" and "will be depicted" in the text.

There are two elements in the poem - earth and water. Drawing the death of the earth under water, Tyutchev refers to the biblical myth of Noah's flood ("Everything visible will again be covered by water"). In this appeal itself there is a simultaneous indication of death and salvation.

The philosophical nature of the verse is emphasized by the non-subjective construction - the absence of the pronouns "I", "you", "we", etc., which embody the image of a person in the verse. The poem carries a philosophical generalization. This is also evidenced by the choice of vocabulary - not empirical, but extremely abstract ("the last hour of nature", "everything visible", "God's face").

The process of destruction is "fixed" in the syntax of the verse: the first two lines are characterized by deep inversion (wrong, reverse word order in the sentence). Compare for example reverse word order (sentence with inversion) and direct:

"When the last hour of nature strikes...";

"When the last hour of nature strikes..."

In the first case, the stress falling on the end is determined by the laws of verse construction, in the second it is logical.

The inversion disappears in the last line, which corresponds to the process of creation. The last line of the verse is distinguished not only by the absence of inversion ("And the face of God will be depicted in them!"), not only by the exclamatory intonation, which reflects the special pathos of the phrase, but also by the phonetically sound "and", repeated many times, in a special way the ending of the verse "And God's a face will be shown in them!"

The poem "The Last Cataclysm" is written in iambic pentameter with masculine (percussion - "earthly", "them") and feminine (unstressed - "nature", "water") endings. Rhymes in the verse are both grammatical (nature - water) and non-grammatical (earthly - them). Cross, open (ending in a vowel) and closed (ending in a consonant). All this construction of the verse is based on the law of duality, "binarity", which is reflected primarily on the content level.

Along with the first line ("When the last hour of nature strikes"), where there is not a single metrical failure, a pure iambic is presented, which expresses the inexorability and inevitability of the onset of the "last hour", all other lines contain digressions (they fall on the main verbs "destroyed", "depicted"). The lack of stress is called pyrrhic. Let's imagine the second line of the verse "The composition of the earthly parts will collapse" as a metric scheme (a combination of stressed and unstressed syllables, denoting U - unstressed, I - stressed):

The fourth foot, attributable to the verb "will collapse", will turn out to be "lightened", pyrrhic.

Especially a lot of digressions occur in the third line ("Everything visible will again be covered by water"):

II/UU/UI/UI/UI/U.

A superscheme stress appears in the first foot, called in versification sponde (II - two syllables of stress). The second foot is pyrrhic, with a missing accent.

In general, a large number of failures in this line can be explained, in our opinion, by the fact that a human tragedy is hidden in it. The last cataclysm will not only destroy the "composition of the earthly parts", but will also turn into a human tragedy. At first glance, there is no place for the human in the poem. As we noted at the beginning, the poem is an enormous philosophical generalization. However, the expression "everything visible" (from the Old Slavonic word "ghost" - "eye") includes the human plane, so the line is, as it were, colored by human emotion, violating the usual rhythm of the verse.

The proposed analysis, as noted above, is not a "key" with which you can "open" any poetic text.