Nikolay Nekrasov - Railway: Verse. glorious autumn healthy vigorous air tired strength invigorates
Railway - Nekrasov: read a poem, text of a poem by Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov
Vanya (in a coachman's coat). Dad! who built this road?
Papa (in a coat with a red lining), Count Pyotr Andreevich Kleinmichel, darling!
Conversation in the car
Glorious autumn! frosty nights,Clear, quiet days… There is no ugliness in nature! And kochi, And moss swamps, and stumps -
It was he who drove the masses of the people here.
Chu! Terrible exclamations were heard! Stomp and gnashing of teeth; A shadow ran across the frosty panes ... What is there? Crowd of the Dead!
Either they overtake the cast-iron road, Then they run by the sides. Do you hear the singing? .. “On this moonlit night, We love to see our work!
We were robbed by literate foremen, Seklo bosses, pressed by need ... We, God's warriors, endured everything, Peaceful children of labor!
Brothers! You are reaping our fruits! But we are destined to rot in the earth ... Do you all remember us, the poor, with kindness Or have you forgotten for a long time? .. "
Do not be horrified by their wild singing! From the Volkhov, from Mother Volga, from the Oka, From different parts of the great state - These are all your brothers - men!
Yes, do not be shy for the dear homeland ... The Russian people have endured enough, They have endured this iron road - They will endure everything that the Lord sends!
Representatives of Russian tribes and breeds suddenly appeared - and he told me: “Here they are - the builders of our road! ..” The general laughed!
“Your Slav, Anglo-Saxon and German Do not create - destroy masters, Barbarians! wild crowd of drunkards! .. However, it's time to take care of Vanyusha;
You know, the spectacle of death, sadness baby heart it’s a sin to resent. You would now show the child the Light side ... "
I'm glad to show you! Listen, my dear: the fatal works are finished - the German is already laying the rails. The dead are buried in the ground; the sick are hidden in dugouts; working people
The foremen entered everything in the book - Did you take it to the bathhouse, was the patient lying down: “Maybe there’s a surplus here now, Yes, go ahead! ..” They waved their hand ...
With God, now go home - congratulations! (Hats off - if I say!) I expose a barrel of wine to the workers And - I give arrears! .. "
Someone cheered. They picked it up Louder, friendlier, longer ... Look: With a song, the foremen rolled a barrel ... Here even the lazy could not resist!
The people unharnessed their horses - and the merchant's wife With a cry of "Hurrah!" rushed along the road ... It seems difficult to draw a more gratifying picture, General? ..
Analysis of the poem "Railway" by Nekrasov
The vast majority of Nekrasov's work is devoted to the simple Russian people, describing their troubles and suffering. He believed that a true poet should not stray from reality into romantic illusions. Poem "Railroad" - a prime example civil lyrics poet. It was written in 1864 and is dedicated to the construction of the Nikolaev railway (1843-1851).
The railway between Petersburg and Moscow became grandiose project. It significantly raised the authority of Russia, reduced the gap from the developed European countries.
At the same time, the construction was carried out by backward methods. The labor of the state and serfs was actually slave labor. The state did not take into account the victims, on a difficult physical work many people died in unbearable conditions.
The introduction to the work is the subtle irony of Nekrasov. The general calls the builder of the railway not a disenfranchised mass of workers, but Count Kleinmichel, who became famous for his cruelty.
The first part of the poem lyrical description beautiful view that opens before the eyes of the passengers of the train. Nekrasov lovingly depicts the landscape of "dear Russia". In the second part there is a drastic change. The narrator shows the general's son terrible picture construction of the railway, which the high society prefers not to see. Thousands of peasant lives stand behind the movement towards progress. From all over the vast Russia, the peasants gathered here " real king" - hunger. Titanic labor, like many large-scale Russian projects, is literally covered with the bones of people.
The third part is the opinion of a self-confident general, symbolizing the stupidity and narrow-mindedness of high society. He believes that illiterate and always drunk men have no value. Only the highest creations of human art are important. In this thought, opponents of Nekrasov's views on the role of the creator in the life of society are easily guessed.
At the General's request, the narrator shows Vanya the "bright side" of construction. The work is finished, the dead are buried, it's time to take stock. Russia proves to the world its progressive development. The emperor and high society triumph. The heads of construction sites and merchants received significant profits. The workers were rewarded with... a barrel of wine and forgiveness of accumulated fines. A timid exclamation of "Hurrah!" taken over by the crowd.
The picture of the general final rejoicing is incredibly bitter and sad. long-suffering Russian people deceived again. Symbolic price grand construction(one third of the annual budget Russian Empire), which claimed thousands of lives, was expressed for ordinary workers in a barrel of vodka. They cannot appreciate the true value of their work, and therefore are grateful and happy.
rustih.ru
Poems by Nekrasov, Railway
Glorious autumn! Healthy, vigorous Air invigorates tired forces; The ice is weak on the icy river As if it lies like melting sugar;
Near the forest, as in a soft bed, You can sleep - peace and space! Leaves have not faded yet, Yellow and fresh lie like a carpet.
Glorious autumn! Frosty nights, Clear, quiet days... There is no outrage in nature! And kochi, And moss swamps, and stumps -
Everything is fine under the moonlight, Everywhere I recognize my dear Russia... I quickly fly along cast-iron rails, I think of my own thoughts...
Good papa! Why keep Clever Vanya in the charm? You let me in the moonlight Show him the truth.
This work, Vanya, was terribly enormous. Not on the shoulder of one! There is a king in the world: this king is merciless, Famine is his name.
He leads armies; at sea Governs by ships; in the artel drives people, walks behind the plow, stands behind the shoulders of stonemasons, weavers.
He drove the masses of the people here. Many are in a terrible struggle, Calling to life these barren jungles, They have found a coffin here for themselves.
Straight path: narrow mounds, columns, rails, bridges. And on the sides, all the bones are Russian ... How many of them! Vanya, do you know?
Chu! terrible exclamations were heard! Stomp and gnashing of teeth; A shadow ran over the frosty panes... What's there? Crowd of the Dead!
Either they overtake the cast-iron road, Then they run by the sides. Do you hear the singing? .. “On this moonlit night, we love to see our work!
We tore ourselves under the heat, under the cold, With an eternally bent back, We lived in dugouts, fought hunger, Were cold and wet, suffered from scurvy.
We were robbed by literate foremen, Seklo bosses, pressed by need ... We, God's warriors, endured everything, Peaceful children of labor!
Brothers! You are reaping our fruits! But we are destined to rot in the earth ... Do you remember all of us, the poor, with kindness Or have you forgotten for a long time? .. "
Do not be horrified by their wild singing! From the Volkhov, from Mother Volga, from the Oka, From different parts of the great state - These are all your brothers - men!
It's a shame to be shy, to cover yourself with a glove, You're no longer small!
Bloodless lips, drooping eyelids, Ulcers on skinny arms, Legs forever standing in knee-deep water, swollen; tangle in hair;
I am pitting my chest, which diligently leaned on the spade Day after day for the whole century ... You look at him, Vanya, carefully: It was hard for a man to get his bread!
He did not unbend his humpbacked back, and now he is still: stupidly silent And with a mechanically rusty shovel He is hammering the frozen earth!
It would not be bad for us to adopt this noble habit of work with you ... Bless the work of the people And learn to respect the peasant.
Don't be shy for your dear homeland... The Russian people have endured enough, They have endured this railroad as well - They will endure everything that the Lord sends!
He will endure everything - and he will pave a wide, clear path with his chest. It's a pity - to live in this beautiful time I won't have to - neither me nor you.
At that moment a deafening whistle squealed - the crowd of the dead disappeared! “I saw, dad, I’m an amazing dream,” Vanya said, “five thousand men,
Representatives of Russian tribes and breeds Suddenly appeared - and he told me: “Here they are - our road builders! ..” The general laughed!
“I was recently within the walls of the Vatican, I wandered around the Colosseum for two nights, I saw St. Stephen in Vienna, Well ... did the people create all this?
Excuse me for this impudent laugh, Your logic is a bit wild. Or is Apollo Belvedere for you Worse than an oven pot?
Here are your people - these baths and baths, A miracle of art - they dragged everything away! - “I’m not talking for you, but for Vanya ...” But the general did not object:
“Your Slav, Anglo-Saxon and German Do not create - destroy masters, Barbarians! wild crowd of drunkards! .. However, it's time to take care of Vanyusha;
You know, the spectacle of death, sadness Children's heart is a sin to revolt. Would you show the child the Light side now ... "
Happy to show! Listen, my dear: the fateful works are over - the German is already laying the rails. The dead are buried in the ground; the sick are hidden in dugouts; working people
They gathered in a close crowd at the office ... They scratched their heads tightly: Each contractor should stay, Absent days have become a penny!
The foremen kept everything in the book - Did you take it to the bathhouse, was the patient lying down: “Maybe there’s a surplus here now, Yes, go ahead! ..” They waved their hand ...
In a blue caftan - a venerable meadowsweet, Thick, squat, red as copper, A contractor rides along the line on a holiday, Rides his work to see.
The idle people make way sedately... The merchant's wife wipes sweat from her face And says, akimbo akimbo picturesquely: "Okay... something... well done!.. well done!..
With God, now home - congratulations! (Hats off - if I say!) I expose a barrel of wine to the workers And - I give arrears! .. "
Someone cheered. They picked it up Louder, friendlier, longer... Look: The foremen rolled the barrel with the song... Here even the lazy one could not resist!
The people unharnessed their horses - and the merchant's wife With a cry of "Hurrah!" rushed along the road ... It seems difficult to draw a more gratifying picture, General? ..
philosophy.ru
Railway | Poems of the classics
Glorious autumn! Healthy, vigorous The air invigorates tired forces; Ice is not strong on the icy river As if it lies like melting sugar;
Near the forest, as in a soft bed, You can sleep - peace and space! The leaves have not yet had time to fade, Yellow and fresh lie like a carpet.
Glorious autumn! Frosty nights, Clear, quiet days... There is no ugliness in nature! And kochi, And moss swamps, and stumps
Everything is fine under the moonlight, Everywhere I recognize my dear Russia ... I quickly fly along cast-iron rails, I think of my own thought ...
Good papa! Why keep Clever Vanya in charm? Let me show him the truth in the moonlight.
This work, Vanya, was terribly huge - Not one can shoulder it! There is a king in the world: this king is merciless, Hunger is his name.
He leads armies; at sea by shipsGovern; in the artel drives people, walks behind the plow, stands behind the shoulders of stonemasons, weavers.
He drove the masses of the people here. Many - in terrible fight, Calling these fruitless jungles of life, they found a coffin here for themselves.
The path is straight: narrow mounds, Columns, rails, bridges. And on the sides, all the bones are Russian ... How many of them! Vanya, do you know?
Choo, terrible exclamations were heard! Stomp and gnashing of teeth; A shadow ran across the frosty windows ... What is there? Crowd of the Dead!
Either they overtake the cast-iron road, Then they run by the sides. Do you hear the singing? ... “On this moonlit night, We love to see our work!
We tore ourselves under the heat, under the cold, With an eternally bent back, We lived in dugouts, fought hunger, Were cold and wet, we had scurvy.
We were robbed by literate foremen, Seklo bosses, pressed by need ... We endured everything, God's warriors, Peaceful children of labor!
Brothers! you are reaping our fruits! We are destined to rot in the earth ... Do you all remember us, the poor, with kindness Or have you forgotten for a long time? ... "
Do not be horrified by their wild singing! From the Volkhov, from Mother Volga, from the Oka, From different parts of the great state - That's all! your brothers are men!
It's a shame to be shy, to cover yourself with a glove, You are no longer small!
Bloodless lips, drooping eyelids, Ulcers on skinny arms, Always knee-deep in water Legs swollen; tangle in hair;
I am pitting my chest, which diligently leaned on the spade Day after day for the whole century ... You look at him, Vanya, carefully: It was difficult for a man to get his bread!
He did not unbend his hunchbacked back, and now he is still: stupidly silent And with a mechanically rusty shovel He is hammering the frozen earth!
It would not be bad for us to adopt this noble habit of work ... Bless the work of the people And learn to respect the peasant.
Yes, do not be shy for the dear homeland ... The Russian people have endured enough, They have endured this iron road - They will endure everything that the Lord sends!
He will endure everything - and he will pave a wide, clear Chest path for himself.
At that moment a deafening whistle Screeched - the crowd of the dead disappeared! “I saw, dad, I have an amazing dream,” Vanya said, “five thousand men
Representatives of Russian tribes and breeds suddenly appeared - and he said to me: “Here they are - the builders of our road! ..” “The general laughed!
“I was recently within the walls of the Vatican, I wandered around the Colosseum for two nights, I saw St. Stephen in Vienna, Well… did the people create all this?
Excuse me for this impudent laugh, Your logic is a little wild. Or is Apollo Belvedere for you Worse than an oven pot?
Here are your people - these terms and baths, A miracle of art - he dragged everything away!
Your Slav, Anglo-Saxon and German Do not create - destroy masters, Barbarians! wild crowd of drunkards! .. However, it's time to take care of Vanyusha;
You know, it’s a sin to revolt a child’s heart with the spectacle of death, sadness. Now you would show the child the Bright side ...
I'm glad to show you! Listen, my dear: the fatal works are finished - the German is already laying the rails. The dead are buried in the ground; the sick are hidden in dugouts; working people
They gathered in a close crowd at the office ... They scratched their heads tightly: Each contractor should stay, Absentee days have become a penny!
The foremen entered everything in a book - Did you take it to the bathhouse, was the patient lying. “Maybe there’s a surplus here now, But go ahead! ..” - they waved their hand ...
In a blue caftan - a venerable meadowsweet, Thick, crouching, red as copper, A contractor is going along the line on a holiday, He is going to see his work.
The idle people make way sedately ... The merchant's wife wipes sweat from her face And says, akimbo pictorially: “Okay ... something ... well done! .. well done! ..
With God, now go home - congratulations! (Hats off - if I say!) I expose a barrel of wine to the workers And - I give arrears ... "
Someone shouted “Hurrah”, They picked it up Louder, more friendly, longer ... Look: The foremen rolled a barrel with a song ... Here even the lazy one could not resist!
The people unharnessed their horses - and the merchant's wife With a cry of "Hurrah" rushed along the road ... It seems difficult to paint a more gratifying picture, General? ..
stihi-klassikov.ru
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov - Railway
V a n I (in a coachman's coat). Dad! who built this road? Papa (in a coat with a red lining), Count Pyotr Andreevich Kleinmichel, my dear! Conversation in carriage 1 Glorious autumn! Healthy, vigorous Air invigorates tired forces; The ice is weak on the icy river Like melting sugar lies; Near the forest, as in a soft bed, You can sleep - peace and space! Leaves have not faded yet, Yellow and fresh lie like a carpet. Glorious autumn! Frosty nights, Clear, quiet days... There is no outrage in nature! And kochi, And moss swamps, and stumps - Everything is good under the moonlight, Everywhere I recognize my dear Russia ... I quickly fly along cast-iron rails, I think my thought ... 2 Good father! Why keep Clever Vanya in the charm? You let me in the moonlight Show him the truth. This work, Vanya, was terribly enormous. Not on the shoulder of one! There is a king in the world: this king is merciless, Famine is his name. He leads armies; at sea Governs by ships; in the artel drives people, walks behind the plow, stands behind the shoulders of the stonemasons, weavers. He drove the masses of the people here. Many are in a terrible struggle, Calling to life these barren jungles, They have found a coffin here for themselves. Straight path: narrow mounds, columns, rails, bridges. And on the sides, all the bones are Russian ... How many of them! Vanya, do you know? Chu! terrible exclamations were heard! Stomp and gnashing of teeth; A shadow ran over the frosty panes... What is there? Crowd of the Dead! Either they overtake the cast-iron road, Then they run by the sides. Do you hear the singing? .. "On this moonlit night We love to see our work! We tore ourselves under the heat, under the cold, With an eternally bent back, Lived in dugouts, fought hunger, Were cold and wet, ill with scurvy. We were robbed by literate foremen "The authorities were crushed, the need pressed... We, God's warriors, Endured everything, Peaceful children of labor! Brothers! You are reaping our fruits! We are destined to rot in the earth... Do you remember all of us, the poor, with kindness Or have you forgotten for a long time? .. "Do not be horrified by their wild singing! From the Volkhov, from Mother Volga, from the Oka, From different parts of the great state - These are all your brothers - men! It's a shame to be shy, to cover yourself with a glove, You're no longer small!.. Russian hair, You see, stands, exhausted by a fever, Tall sick Belarusian: Bloodless lips, eyelids fallen, Ulcers on skinny arms, Legs forever standing in the knee-deep water swollen; tangle in hair; I am pitting my chest, which diligently leaned on the spade Day after day for the whole century ... You look at him, Vanya, carefully: It was hard for a man to get his bread! He did not straighten his humpbacked back, and now he is still: stupidly silent And with a mechanically rusty shovel Pecks the frozen earth! It would not be bad for us to adopt this noble habit of work with you ... Bless the work of the people And learn to respect the peasant. Don't be shy for your dear homeland... The Russian people have endured enough, They have endured this railroad as well - They will endure everything that the Lord sends! He will endure everything - and he will pave a wide, clear path with his chest. It's only a pity - to live in this beautiful time I won't have to - neither me nor you. 3 At that moment a deafening whistle Screeched - the crowd of the dead disappeared! “I saw, dad, I have an amazing dream,” Vanya said, “five thousand peasants, representatives of Russian tribes and breeds Suddenly appeared - and he told me:“ Here they are - the builders of our road! .. "The general laughed! "I was recently in walls of the Vatican, I wandered around the Colosseum for two nights, I saw St. Stephen in Vienna, So what... did the people create all this? Excuse me for this impudent laugh, Your logic is a bit wild. Or is Apollo Belvedere for you Worse than an oven pot? Here are your people - these terms and baths, A miracle of art - he dragged everything away! destroy the masters, Barbarians! wild crowd of drunkards! .. However, it's time to take care of Vanyusha; You know, the spectacle of death, sadness Children's heart is a sin to revolt. Would you show a child the Light Side now..." 4 I'm glad to show you! Listen, my dear: the fateful labors are over - the Germans are already laying the rails. The dead are buried in the ground; the sick Hidden in dugouts; They scratched the backs of their heads: Each contractor should stay, Absentee days became a penny! Foremen kept everything in the book - Whether he took to the bathhouse, whether he was sick: ... In a blue caftan - a venerable farmer, Thick, stocky, red as copper, A contractor rides along the line on a holiday, Rides his work to see. Okay ... something ... well done! .. well done! .. With God, now go home - congratulations! (Hats off - if I say!) I expose a barrel of wine to the workers And - I give arrears! .. "Someone shouted" cheers ". The lazy one could not resist! The people unharnessed their horses - and the merchant's wife With a cry of "Hurrah!" Rushed along the road ... It seems difficult to draw a more gratifying picture, General? ..verses.skvalex.com
Nekrasov Nikolai - Railway. Listen online
Each time gives birth to its own poet. In the second half of the last century there was no more popular poet than N. A. Nekrasov. He not only sympathized with the people, but identified himself with peasant Russia, shook the hearts of contemporaries with pictures of slavery and poverty, with notes of sincere bitter repentance. In one of his speeches about Pushkin, Dostoevsky spoke of the "universal responsiveness" of the poet, who knew how to feel someone else's as his own. The same can be said about N. A. Nekrasov. Moreover, his muse is surprisingly responsive to someone else's joy and pain. Nekrasov's work is diverse in subject matter. But whatever it may be, one thing is invariable: in all the poems the moral credo of the poet is clearly expressed. In his works, he puts the hero before a choice, but does not turn away at this difficult moment for him, but tries to imbue his outlook on life. Nekrasov is not afraid to let the hero look into his inner world and evaluate their actions and deeds. Thus, the most hidden corners are revealed human soul, moral and ethical principles of man.One of Nekrasov's most powerful poems about the people is "Railway". The event that prompted the plot of the poem is the construction of a railway between St. Petersburg and Moscow, completed in 1851. However, the poem reflected a broader picture of the shameless and inhuman exploitation of the people. Count Kleinmichel, head of communications, without hesitation, destroyed peasant life in order to complete the construction of the Nikolaev railway faster. Such an attitude towards the people was characteristic of a huge number of businessmen-industrialists and tsarist officials.
Vanya (in a coachman's coat). Dad! who built this road? Dad (in a coat with a red lining). Count Pyotr Andreevich Kleinmikhel, my dear! Conversation in the car! Glorious autumn! Healthy, vigorous The air invigorates tired forces; The ice is not strong on the icy river As if it lies like melting sugar; Near the forest, as in a soft bed, You can sleep - peace and space! The leaves have not yet faded, Yellows and fresh lie like a carpet. Glorious autumn! Frosty nights, Clear, quiet days... There is no outrage in nature! And kochi, And moss swamps, and stumps - Everything is good under the moonlight, Everywhere I recognize my dear Russia ... I quickly fly along cast-iron rails, I think my thought ................
Ilyinsky Igor Vladimirovich July 11 (24), 1901, Moscow - January 13, 1987, Moscow. Soviet theater and film actor, master artistic word, director.
teatr.audio
Poem Railway Nikolai Nekrasov
Railway
V a n I (in a coachman's coat).
Dad! who built this road?
Papa (in a coat with a red lining),
Count Pyotr Andreyevich Kleinmichel, my dear!
Conversation in the car
Glorious autumn! Healthy, vigorous
The air invigorates tired forces;
The ice is fragile on the icy river
As if melting sugar lies;
Near the forest, as in a soft bed,
You can sleep - peace and space!
The leaves have not faded yet,
Yellow and fresh lie like a carpet.
Glorious autumn! frosty nights,
Clear, quiet days...
There is no ugliness in nature! And kochi
And moss swamps, and stumps -
All is well under the moonlight
Everywhere I recognize my dear Russia ...
I quickly fly along cast-iron rails,
I think my mind...
Good papa! Why in charm
Keep Vanya smart?
You let me in the moonlight
Show him the truth.
This work, Vanya, was terribly huge
Not on the shoulder alone!
There is a king in the world: this king is merciless,
Hunger is his name.
He leads armies; at sea by ships
Rules; drives people to the artel,
Walks behind the plow, stands behind the shoulders
Stonecutters, weavers.
He drove the masses of the people here.
Many are in a terrible struggle,
Calling to life these barren wilds,
The coffin was found here.
Straight path: the mounds are narrow,
Poles, rails, bridges.
And on the sides, all the bones are Russian ...
How many of them! Vanya, do you know?
Chu! terrible exclamations were heard!
Stomp and gnashing of teeth;
A shadow ran over the frosty glass...
What's there? Crowd of the Dead!
They overtake the cast-iron road,
Then the sides run.
Do you hear the singing? .. "On this moonlit night
We love to see our work!
We tore ourselves under the heat, under the cold,
With an eternally bent back,
Lived in dugouts, fought hunger,
Were cold and wet, sick with scurvy.
We were robbed by literate foremen,
The bosses were crushed, the need was crushing ...
We have endured everything, God's warriors,
Peaceful children of labor!
Brothers! You are reaping our fruits!
We are destined to rot in the earth ...
Do you all remember us, the poor, with kindness
Or have you forgotten for a long time? .. "
Do not be horrified by their wild singing!
From Volkhov, from mother Volga, from Oka,
From different parts of the great state -
These are all your brothers - men!
It's a shame to be shy, to close with a glove,
You are no longer small! .. Russian hair,
You see, he is standing, exhausted by a fever,
Tall sick Belarusian:
Lips bloodless, eyelids fallen,
Ulcers on skinny arms
Forever knee-deep in water
The legs are swollen; tangle in hair;
I am pitting my chest, which is diligently on the spade
From day to day leaned all century ...
You look at him, Vanya, carefully:
It was difficult for a man to get his bread!
Didn't straighten his hunchbacked back
He is still: stupidly silent
And mechanically rusty shovel
Frozen ground hammering!
This noble habit of work
It would not be bad for us to adopt with you ...
Bless the work of the people
And learn to respect the man.
Do not be shy for the dear homeland ...
The Russian people carried enough
Carried out this railroad -
Will endure whatever the Lord sends!
Will endure everything - and wide, clear
He will pave the way for himself with his chest.
The only pity is to live in this beautiful time
You won't have to, neither me nor you.
At this moment the whistle is deafening
He squealed - the crowd of the dead disappeared!
"I saw, dad, I'm an amazing dream, -
Vanya said - five thousand men,
Russian tribes and breeds representatives
Suddenly they appeared - and he said to me:
"Here they are - our road builders! .."
The general laughed!
“I was recently in the walls of the Vatican,
I wandered around the Colosseum for two nights,
I saw Saint Stephen in Vienna,
Well… did the people create all this?
Excuse me this impudent laugh,
Your logic is a bit wild.
Or for you Apollo Belvedere
Worse than an oven pot?
Here are your people - these terms and baths,
A miracle of art - he pulled everything away! -
“I’m not talking for you, but for Vanya…”
But the general did not object:
“Your Slav, Anglo-Saxon and German
Do not create - destroy the master,
Barbarians! a wild crowd of drunkards! ..
However, it's time to take care of Vanyusha;
You know, the spectacle of death, sadness
It is a sin to revolt a child's heart.
Would you show the child now
The bright side…
Happy to show!
Listen, my dear: fatal works
It's over - the German is already laying the rails.
The dead are buried in the ground; sick
Hidden in dugouts; working people
Gathered in a close crowd at the office ...
They scratched their heads hard:
Each contractor must remain,
Truant days have become a penny!
Everything was entered by ten's men in a book -
Did he take a bath, was the patient lying:
“Maybe there is now a surplus here,
Yes, come on! .. ”They waved their hands ...
In a blue caftan - a venerable meadowsweet,
Fat, squat, red as copper,
A contractor is walking along the line on a holiday,
He goes to see his work.
The idle people make way dignifiedly...
Sweat wipes the merchant from the face
And he says, akimbo pictorially:
“Okay ... something ... well done! .. well done! ..
With God, now go home - congratulations!
(Hats off - if I say!)
I expose a barrel of wine to workers
And - I give arrears! .. "
Someone cheered. Picked up
Louder, friendlier, longer... Look:
With a song, the foremen rolled a barrel ...
Here even the lazy could not resist!
Unharnessed the people of the horses - and the merchant
With a cry of "Hurrah!" sped along the road...
Seems hard to cheer up the picture
Draw, General?
www.zdesotvety.ru
Nekrasov N.A. Railway
Glorious autumn! Healthy, vigorous 1 The air invigorates tired forces; The ice is not strong on the icy river, As if it lies like melting sugar;
Near the forest, as in a soft bed, You can sleep - peace and space! The leaves have not yet had time to fade, Yellow and fresh lie like a carpet.
Glorious autumn! Frosty nights, Clear, quiet days... There is no outrage in nature! And kochi, 2 And moss swamps, and stumps -
Everything is fine under the moonlight, Everywhere I recognize my dear Russia ... I quickly fly along cast-iron rails, I think of my own thought ...
Good papa! Why keep Clever Vanya in charm? Let me show him the truth in the moonlight.
This work, Vanya, was terribly enormous. Not on the shoulder alone! There is a king in the world: this king is merciless, Hunger is his name.
He leads armies; at sea by shipsGovern; in the artel drives people, walks behind the plow, stands behind the shoulders of stonemasons, weavers.
It was he who drove the masses of the people here.
The path is straight: narrow embankments, Columns, rails, bridges. And on the sides, all the bones are Russian ... How many of them! Vanya, do you know?
Chu! Terrible exclamations were heard! Stomp and gnashing of teeth; A shadow ran across the frosty panes ... What is there? Crowd of the Dead!
Either they overtake the cast-iron road, Then they run by the sides. Do you hear the singing? .. "On this moonlit night, It's nice for us to see our work!
We tore ourselves under the heat, under the cold, With an eternally bent back, We lived in dugouts, fought hunger, Were cold and wet, suffered from scurvy.
We were robbed by literate foremen, 4 Seklo bosses, pressed by need ... We endured everything, God's warriors, Peaceful children of labor!
Brothers! You are reaping our fruits! But we are destined to rot in the earth ... Do you all remember us, the poor, with kindness Or have you forgotten for a long time? .. "
Do not be horrified by their wild singing! From the Volkhov, from the mother Volga, from the Oka, From different parts of the great state - These are all your brothers - men!
It's a shame to be shy, to cover yourself with a glove, You are no longer small!
Bloodless lips, drooping eyelids, Ulcers on skinny arms, Always knee-deep in water Legs swollen; tangle5 in hair;
I am pitting my chest, which diligently leaned on the spade6 Day after day for the whole century ... You look at him, Vanya, carefully: It was difficult for a man to get his bread!
He did not unbend his hunchbacked back, and now he is still: stupidly silent And with a mechanically rusty shovel He is hammering the frozen earth!
It would not be bad for us to adopt this noble habit of work ... Bless the work of the people And learn to respect the peasant.
Don't be shy for your dear homeland... The Russian people have endured enough, They have endured this railroad as well - They will endure everything that the Lord sends!
He will endure everything - and he will pave a wide, clear Chest path for himself.
At that moment a deafening whistle Screeched - the crowd of the dead disappeared! "I saw, dad, I have an amazing dream, - Vanya said, - five thousand men,
Representatives of Russian tribes and breeds suddenly appeared - and he told me: "Here they are - the builders of our road! .." The general laughed!
"I was recently within the walls of the Vatican, 7 I wandered around the Colosseum 8 for two nights, I saw St. Stephen in Vienna, 9 So... did the people create all this?
Excuse me for this impudent laugh, Your logic is a little wild. Or is Apollo Belvedere for you 10 Worse than an oven pot?
Here are your people - these terms11 and baths, A miracle of art - he pulled everything away! "-" I'm not talking for you, but for Vanya ..."But the general did not object
"Your Slav, Anglo-Saxon and German Do not create - destroy the masters, Barbarians! A wild crowd of 12 drunkards! .. However, it's time to take care of Vanya;
You know, it’s a sin to revolt a child’s heart with the spectacle of death, sadness. Now you would show the child the Bright side ... "
I'm glad to show you! Listen, my dear: the fatal works are over - the German is already laying the rails. The dead are buried in the ground; the sick are hidden in dugouts; working people
They gathered in a close crowd at the office ... They scratched their heads tightly: Each contractor 13 should stay, Absent days have become a penny!
The foremen kept everything in the book - Did you take it to the bathhouse, was the patient lying down: “Maybe there’s a surplus here now, Yes, go ahead! ..” They waved their hand ...
In a blue caftan - a venerable meadowsweet, 14 Thick, crouching, red as copper, A contractor rides along the line on a holiday, He rides to see his work.
The idle people make way sedately... The merchant's wife wipes sweat from her face And says, akimbo akimbo picturesquely: "Okay ... something ... well done! .. well done! ..
With God, now go home - congratulations! (Hats off - if I say!) I expose a barrel of wine to the workers And - I give arrears! .. "
Someone cheered. They picked it up Louder, friendlier, longer ... Look: The tenants rolled a barrel with a song ... Here even the lazy could not resist!
Unharnessed the people of the horses - and the merchants With a cry of "Hurrah!" rushed along the road ... It seems difficult to draw a more gratifying picture, General? ..
literatura5.narod.ru
TRAILS- words and expressions used by the author of the text in a figurative sense.
EPITHET- this is a figurative definition that answers the question what? which? which? which? and usually expressed by an adjective. The epithet differs from the usual definition in artistic expressiveness, it conveys the author's feeling for the depicted object, creates a lively, vivid idea of it.
Throughwavy fogs the moon sneaks onsad Glades she pours a sad light. (A. S. Pushkin)
PERSONALIZATION- attribution of qualities, actions, emotions of a person to objects, nature, abstract concepts.
Storm darkness covers the sky, twisting snow whirlwinds: then like a beast, she will howl, thenwill cry like a child (A.S. Pushkin)
The earth is sleeping in the glow of blue (M.Yu. Lermontov)
COMPARISON- comparison of two objects or phenomena in order to explain one of them with the help of the other, to reveal new important properties in the object of comparison. Most often, comparisons are introduced into a sentence with the help of unions HOW, EXACTLY, AS LIKE, AS IF.
The ice is fragile on the icy river,like melting sugar lies (N.A. Nekrasov)
METAPHOR- transfer of properties from one object to another based on their similarity
The metaphor is based on comparison, but it is not formalized with the help of comparative conjunctions, therefore the metaphor is called a hidden comparison.
Metaphor can be easily converted into a comparison using the words AS, LIKE, LIKE.
Empty skies transparent glass;
Crimson bonfire of sunset (I.A. Bunin)
(The sky is clear as glass = heaven clear glass; Sunset like a crimson fire = crimson bonfire sunset)
METONYMY- allegorical designation of the subject of speech, "renaming", replacing one concept with another that has a causal relationship with it
A) the name of the vessel is used in the meaning of what is contained in this vessel;
C) the name of the place of action replaces the name of the people who are in this place;
D) a detail of appearance or clothing is used instead of the name of a person.
All flags will visit us (A. S. Pushkin) (that is, the port city will receive ships with flags of all countries of the world.)
I ate three plates (I, A. Krylov)
Drank the whole bottle.
He willingly read Apuleius, but did not read Cicero (A.S. Pushkin).
I have read all of Turgenev.
Violent Rome rejoices (M.Yu. Lermontov)
Gray helmets with a red star in a white horn shouted: "Stop!" (V.V. Mayakovsky)
SYNECDOCHE- a kind of metonymy, when the name of the part is used instead of the name of the whole or vice versa
BUT) singular used instead of the plural;
B) the plural is used instead of the singular;
C) a generic concept instead of a specific one;
D) a specific concept instead of a generic one.
And it was heard until dawn, howforged a Frenchman. (M.Yu. Lermontov)
We all look at Napoleons. (A. S. Pushkin)
Well, sit down, it was shining (i.e. the sun). (V. Mayakovsky)
Most of all, take care of a penny (i.e. money). (N.V. Gogol)
HYPERBOLA- excessive exaggeration of certain properties of the depicted object
Tearing the mouth of a yawn wider than MexiKansky Bay (V.V. Mayakovsky)
In a hundred thousand suns the sunset burned (V.V. Mayakovsky).
LITOTES- excessive underestimation of the properties of the depicted object or phenomenon
Your Pomeranian, lovely Pomeranian, no more than a thimble! (A.S. Griboyedov)
IRONY- hidden mockery; the use of a word or expression in the reverse sense of the literal
Where, smart, are you wandering, head? (appeal to the donkey in the fable of I. Krylov).
PERIPHRASE- Descriptive turn of speech, replacing the name of an object or phenomenon with a description of their distinguishing features or an indication of character traits. Used to avoid speech repetition.
The king of beasts (instead of a lion) Our smaller brothers (instead of animals)
tricks- special syntactic constructions that give expressiveness to speech (often figures of speech):
ANTITHESIS (OPPOSITION)- a sharp opposition of concepts, thoughts, images. Antithesis is often created with antonyms.
You are wretched, You are plentiful, You are powerful, You are powerless, Mother Russia! (N. Nekrasov)
INVERSION- the arrangement of the members of the sentence in a special order that violates the usual, direct order, in order to enhance the expressiveness of speech, reverse word order.
It was annoying, they were waiting for the battle (M.Yu. Lermontov)
GRADATION- sequential arrangement of words or expressions in the order of their increasing (less often decreasing) meaning (semantic or emotional). A chain of concepts or definitions with a gradual increase or decrease in significance.
Glowing, burning, shining huge blue eyes.
All facets of feelings, all facets of truth
Erasedin worlds, in years, in hours. (A. Bely)
OXYMORON- a contrasting combination of words that are opposite in meaning.
Dead souls, living corpse, sad joy, sweet bitterness of memories
PARCELLATION- an artistic technique consisting in dividing the sentence into separate fragments, which are incomplete sentences, intentional violation of the boundaries of the sentence; division of one sentence with the help of dots into several parts - two or more.
And all the Kuznetsky Most and the eternal French ... Destroyers of pockets and hearts! When the Creator delivers usFrom their hats! Cheptsov! And studs! And pins! (A. S. Griboyedov)
It happened a long time ago. A long time ago. Anna is in trouble. Big.
ANAPHORA monophony, repetition of words at the beginning of lines or at the beginning of sentences.
Wait me and I'll be back.
Just wait a lot.
Wait when sad
yellow rain,
Wait when it snows,
Wait when the heat
Wait when others are not expected,
Forgetting yesterday. (K. Simonov)
EPIPHORA- repetition of words at the end of lines or at the end of sentences.
I don't know,where is the border
Between North and South
I don't know,where is the border
Between friend and friend! (M. Svetlov)
I would like to know why Ititular adviser? Why exactlytitular adviser? ELLIPSIS- omission of the predicate, giving speech dynamism.
We sat down - in ashes, hailstones - in dust. (V. Zhukovsky)
LEXICAL REPETITION- intentional repetition of the same word or phrase to enhance the emotionality, expressiveness of the statement.
It seemed that everything in nature fell asleep:sleeping grass,slept trees,slept clouds!
QUESTION AND ANSWER FORM OF PRESENTATION- a form of presentation in which questions and answers alternate. What to do? Don't know. Who to ask for advice? Unknown.
SYNTAX PARALLELISM- the same syntactic construction of neighboring sentences. People are learning Knowledge. People learn Memory. People learn Conscience. (According to Yu. Lotman)
CITATION- use of quotes in the text.
There is such a beautiful saying: "Patience is beautiful" (According to N. Gorlanova)
Syntactic means of expression:
ROWS OF HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS OF THE OFFER - one or more rows of homogeneous members in a sentence.
For example, in the sentence "And the years passed quickly and inaudibly and carried away these memories with them," there are two rows of homogeneous members: 1) predicates: "went and carried away", 2) circumstances: "quick and silent"
INTRODUCTORY WORDS - words (phrases) that are not grammatically related to the sentence.
For example, in the sentence "So," honor is internal moral dignity man, valor, honesty, nobility of soul and a clear conscience "" introductory word - so - indicates the connection of thoughts in the text.
HANDLING - a word or combination of words that names the person (sometimes the subject) to whom the speech is directed.
For example, in the sentence "Guys, isn't Moscow behind us?" (M.Yu. Lermontov) the address is the word "guys".
rhetorical address - not only names the person to whom the speech is addressed, but at the same time can convey expressive-emotional relationships.
For example, in the sentence "Dreams, dreams! Where is your sweetness" (A.S. Pushkin), a rhetorical appeal - Dreams Dreams(inanimate noun)
or in the sentence "What do you see, martin, to the window that, freestyle, do you sing?" (A. Delvig) appeals " swallow", "free", name the one who does not respond to the appeal to him.
EXCLAMATION SENTENCES - sentences that are pronounced with a special exclamatory intonation.
For example, "Duel!"
QUESTIONS - interrogative sentences for the purpose of the statement, pronounced with a special interrogative intonation.
For example, "But what about Pushkin?"
RHETORICAL QUESTION - a question that does not require an answer, an affirmation or denial expressed in the form of an interrogative sentence.
For example, "Wealth is good to have; But should anyone dare to be proud of it?" (A. Sumarokov)
COMPARATIVE TURNOVER - one of the brightest means of expression Russian language. It is used to compare an item or feature with another item or feature.
For example, "Black as pitch, the shadows lay on the grass" (A.N. Tolstoy)
CONVERSATIONAL SYNTAX CONSTRUCTIONS characteristic of colloquial speech, more often these are incomplete sentences or constructed in violation of syntactic norms.
For example, "Grish, and Grish! Look, a piglet ... Laughs ... Yes, but in his mouth! .. Look, look ... a blade of grass in his mouth, by golly, a blade of grass! .. That's something! (A.I. Kuprin)
NAME OFFERS - one-part sentences, in the grammatical basis of which there is only one main member of the sentence - the subject.
For example, "And I kept looking at the cement cone, rereading the names again. Righteous G.A., private. Proskurin S.M., private. Pyzhov A.S., lieutenant. Rogachev M.V., junior sergeant. Rodionov N.I., private ... "(E. Nosov)
Phonetic means of expression.
sound recording- playing with sounds to enhance expressiveness.
ASSONANCE- the repetition of the same vowel sounds in poetic speech.
I quickly fly along cast-iron rails. I think my mind. (N. NotKrasov)
ALLITERATION- the repetition of the same consonant sounds in poetic speech.
Frost drunk puddles are crunchy and fragile, like crystal. (AND.Northerner)
Lexical means of expression:
SYNONYMS words that are close in meaning.
Mysweet and tender beast.
CONTEXT SYNONYMS- words that are similar in meaning only in this text(outside the text they have no similarity in lexical meaning).
His heavy body is filledflexible, bestial graces (M. Sholokhov).
ANTONYMS- Words with opposite meanings.
You andmighty , You andpowerless , Mother-Russia! (N. A. Nekrasov)
CONTEXT ANTONYMS- words that are contrasted in meaning only in the given text.
Millions - you. Us- darkness, and darkness, and darkness (A. Blok).
For you -century, for us -single hour. (A. Blok).
PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS- stable combinations of words, understood not literally, but figuratively.
Far away, work carelessly.
DIALECTISMS- words used only by residents of a particular area (dialect in Greek means "local dialect"): in some Russian villages towel called differently towel, squirrel - vekshey, hare - ushkan, wolf - biryuk.
Were in the ravinesgoats . (= snakes) (According to I.S. Turgenev)
TERMS - words or combinations of words denoting a concept used in science, technology, art. In fiction, terms are used more often as a means of creating the speech characteristics of characters.
One day, when the winter ended andantifreeze was no longer needed in the car, I opened the faucet, and all the liquid fromradiator spilled onto the ground, onto the lawn under the windows of our village house. (V. Soloukhin)
INDIVIDUAL AUTHOR'S WORDS (OCCASIONALISMS) - words that are the word creation of a writer or poet. They are created with a specific stylistic goal, they make up the writer's lexicon. They should be distinguished from neologisms proper.
They sat in front of me in their filthy overalls, but their fashionable haircuts were visible, they used words at the levelhighest education, it was difficult and interesting to talk to them. (D. Granin)SPEECH - words characteristic of the colloquial style of speech, often rude words that do not correspond to standardized literary speech.
Why should I scream: "Hey you, let's go to the buffet,let's devour or something!" (S. Lvov)
BOOK VOCABULARY - high style words. Arise, prophet, and see, and listen ... Selflessness, duty ...
Zheleznaya road
Slavnaya autumn! Healthy, yadreny
Vozdukh ustalye sily bodrit;
Led neokrepshy on river studenoy
Slovno kak tayushchy sakhar lezhit;
Okolo lesa, like v myagkoy posteli,
Vyspatsya mozhno - pokoy i prostor!
Listya pobleknut yeshche ne uspeli,
Zhelty i svezhi lezhat, like carpet.
Slavnaya autumn! frosty night,
Yasnye, tikhiye days.
Net bezobrazya v nature! I kochi,
I mokhovye swamp, i pni -
All khorosho pod sianyem lunnym,
Vsyudu rodimuyu Rus uznayu.
Bystro lechu ya po relsam chugunnym,
Dumayu dumu svoyu.
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