Mathematics - Pretty difficult subject, but in school course it will have to go through everything. Movement tasks are especially difficult for students. How to solve without problems and a lot of time spent, we will consider in this article.
Note that if you practice, then these tasks will not cause any difficulties. The decision process can be developed to automatism.
Lamp switch This switch can be pulled out in two steps. Pedal Pedal Slow Pedal. Clutch Pedal By fully depressing the clutch pedal, the operator can disengage the chassis from the engine. When the pedal is not depressed, all engine power is transferred through the clutch to the box.
Use the pedal to move slowly and precisely, switch to loads, etc. fully depressing the pedal also activates the brake. Gas pedal. Depressing the pedal increases the crankshaft speed as the forklift speed increases. Releasing the pedal reduces the engine speed, reducing the speed of the forklift.
Varieties
What is meant by this type of task? These are quite simple and simple tasks, which include the following varieties:
- oncoming traffic;
- after;
- movement in opposite direction;
- river movement.
We propose to consider each option separately. Of course, we will analyze only on examples. But before we move on to the question of how to solve problems for movement, it is worth introducing one formula that we will need when solving absolutely all tasks of this type.
Travel direction lever Speed selection lever. The lever arms are fixed in the floor. There are 2 speeds, both forward and reverse. Make sure the clutch pedal is fully engaged before shifting gears. Bring the truck to a complete stop before changing the travel direction lever. Moving the reverse lever to the reverse position turns on the reversing lights.
Tilt Lever The tilt adjustment of the mast can be controlled with this lever. Bringing the levers together will cause the mast to return to the operator, and pressing the lever will cause the mast to tilt away from the operator. Tilt speed is controlled by a lever, the harder we pull or push faster than the mast tilts, and pressing the accelerator speeds up the tilt.
Formula: S=V*t. A little explanation: S is the path, the letter V denotes the speed of movement, and the letter t denotes time. All quantities can be expressed through this formula. Accordingly, speed is equal to distance divided by time, and time is distance divided by speed.
Movement towards
Lift Lever The traction arm lifts the fork by pushing the fork. The speed of lifting and lowering is controlled by the lever, the harder we pull or push faster than we see, we rise or fall, and also pressing the accelerator speeds up the rise, but does not speed up the lowering.
The rule of three "R" - dimension, reasonableness, calculation
Steering wheel When turning left, lifting the fork to the left and turning to the right causes the cart to turn to the right. During the turn, the back of the cart appears. Support only works when the engine is started. The use of brake pads for front wheel brakes.
This is the most common type of task. To understand the essence of the solution, consider next example. Condition: "Two friends on bicycles set off at the same time towards each other, while the path from one house to another is 100 km. What will be the distance after 120 minutes, if it is known that the speed of one is 20 km per hour, and the second is fifteen. " Let's move on to the question of how to solve the problem of the oncoming movement of cyclists.
direction lever. The shift lever is located to the left of the steering column. Position the seat in a convenient position for the operator and provide easy access to all controls. The chair position can be unlocked by moving the levers under the seat on the right. Before starting work, make sure your seat is well protected.
Movement in the opposite direction
Seat Adjustment for Operator Weight The rear seat has a bracket on which you can adjust the operator's weight using a key. It is recommended to set when the operator is sitting in the chair. The cage cage is made of durable material to keep the operator safe from falling objects. It is forbidden to use a forklift without a cage.
To do this, we need to introduce another term: "speed of convergence". In our example, it will be equal to 35 km per hour (20 km per hour + 15 km per hour). This will be the first step in solving the problem. Next, we multiply the approach speed by two, since they moved for two hours: 35 * 2 = 70 km. We have found the distance that the cyclists will approach in 120 minutes. The last action remains: 100-70=30 kilometers. With this calculation, we found the distance between cyclists. Answer: 30 km.
The mask mask can be fully opened for easy maintenance of the trolley. Radiator Shield The radiator cap can be opened for coolant inspection even when the cap is closed. Radiator filler cap and compensator. The container is under the mask. The cooler is under a cover at the back of the mask.
Attention! Do not use gloves when unscrewing the plug. Fork lock Used to secure the position of the fork. The forks should be placed symmetrically in the middle. Fork lock must not be used. Steering column adjustment. The steering turn is possible individually for the operator. Unlock the steering column by moving the lever down. When you place the steering wheel in the correct position, lock it by moving the lever back.
If you do not understand how to solve the problem of oncoming traffic using the speed of approach, then use another option.
Second way
First, we find the path that the first cyclist traveled: 20*2=40 kilometers. Now the path of the 2nd friend: fifteen times two, which equals thirty kilometers. We add up the distance traveled by the first and second cyclists: 40+30=70 kilometers. We learned which path they covered together, so it remains to subtract the distance traveled from the entire path: 100-70 = 30 km. Answer: 30 km.
Only when the truck is stopped and the handbrake is applied can you install the steering column. b) Once the steering column is in the correct position, pull the steering wheel to make sure the column is properly locked. Safe step and handle. Steps are located on both sides of the cart. The handle is located on the left post of the protective cage. Use step and stick when getting on and off the forklift.
Brake Fluid Reservoir The brake fluid reservoir is located on the left side of the chamber. Hydraulic filler cap The hydraulic plug is located with right side covers. Pour oil into hydraulic system through this hole. Oil level gauge on plug. Gas tank cap.
We have considered the first type of motion problem. How to solve them, now it’s clear, let’s move on to the next form.
Movement in the opposite direction
Condition: "Two hares galloped out of the same hole in the opposite direction. The speed of the first is 40 km per hour, and the second is 45 km per hour. How far will they be from each other in two hours?"
It is located on the left side of the cart. The valve has a vent that allows air to enter. Check the condition of the fan every time you fill up. Stop the car and turn off the engine. Make sure there are no open flames nearby. The operator must not be in the vehicle when refueling. Close the fuel cap when refueling. Improper plug closing can result in fuel leakage and even fire. When checking the fuel level in the tank, never use open fire such as matches or lighters.
Here, as in the previous example, there are two possible solutions. In the first, we will proceed in the usual way:
- Path of the first hare: 40*2=80 km.
- Path of the second hare: 45*2=90 km.
- The path they traveled together: 80+90=170 km. Answer: 170 km.
But another option is also possible.
Removal speed
As you may have guessed, in this task, similarly to the first, there will appear new term. Consider the following type of motion problem, how to solve them using the removal rate.
Rear view mirror The cart is equipped with two rear view mirrors. Only authorized personnel may operate the forklift. Conduct periodic checks oil or water leaks, deformations, gaps, etc. make sure parts are replaced during service. Clean the floor plate, pedals, all controls of the truck if it is contaminated with oil, dirt and water. Turn off the engine during the inspection. Pay Special attention to the radiator fan. Radiator and exhaust may be hot.
Whenever you notice an invalid wheelchair operation, you must stop the truck and report a service disruption. When working with carts at heights, be careful not to slip. If any of the warning lights are on, you should stop the truck in a safe place and check the cause of the problem.
We will find it first of all: 40 + 45 = 85 kilometers per hour. It remains to find out what is the distance separating them, since all other data are already known: 85 * 2 = 170 km. Answer: 170 km. We considered the solution of motion problems in the traditional way, as well as using the speed of approach and removal.
Chasing after
Do not use an open flame to check liquid levels or spills. Do not smoke during exploration, potentially explosive. A fire extinguisher must be prepared on site. If the cart is used in a closed area, make sure there is adequate ventilation. Do not work indoors, exhaust fumes are hazardous to your health.
It is forbidden to get on and off the forklift while moving. Step and knob should be used when turning on and off. Do not start working before sitting in a chair. Before starting work, set up the driver's seat so that you have good access to all controls.
Let's look at an example of a problem and try to solve it together. Condition: "Two schoolchildren, Kirill and Anton, left the school and moved at a speed of 50 meters per minute. Kostya followed them six minutes later at a speed of 80 meters per minute. How long will Kostya catch up with Kirill and Anton?"
So, how to solve problems for moving after? Here we need the speed of convergence. Only in this case it is worth not adding, but subtracting: 80-50 \u003d 30 m per minute. In the second step, we find out how many meters separate the schoolchildren before Kostya leaves. For this 50 * 6 = 300 meters. The last action is to find the time during which Kostya will catch up with Kirill and Anton. To do this, the path of 300 meters must be divided by the approach speed of 30 meters per minute: 300:30=10 minutes. Answer: in 10 minutes.
Before carrying out any work, make sure that no one is nearby and that the travel lever is in the neutral position. Park the truck on a level surface, apply the handbrake. If the forklift is parked on slopes, the wheel must be locked. Lower the fork to the ground and tilt the mast forward.
Drive the truck smoothly, avoid heavy braking, starting and twisting. Control your speed and keep track road signs. When driving on roads common use follow the road code. Watch the road where the cart is moving. It is forbidden to ride on forks, pallets or carts.
findings
Based on the foregoing, some conclusions can be drawn:
- when solving motion problems, it is convenient to use the speed of approach and removal;
- if we are talking about the oncoming movement or movement from each other, then these quantities are found by adding the speeds of objects;
- if we are faced with the task of moving after, then we use the action, the opposite of addition, that is, subtraction.
We have considered some problems for movement, how to solve them, figured it out, got acquainted with the concepts of "speed of approach" and "speed of removal", it remains to consider the last point, namely: how to solve problems for movement along the river?
Grading and rewarding students
Before driving on truck ramps or bridges, make sure they are properly secured and secure. To do this, hold your arms and legs. When transporting large loads that restrict visibility, move the forklift to the rear. Free and use sound signal when you leave the hall or visually impaired.
Store containers of liquids, paper, chemicals, etc. from a forklift. Use lights and slow down when working at night. The substrate used by the truck must be flat and firm, such as concrete, asphalt. Pay attention to holes, inequalities, and anything else that could cause you to lose control of your wheelchair. Release on wet and slippery surfaces. Move away from the edge.
Flow
Here you can meet again:
- tasks to move towards each other;
- pursuit movement;
- movement in the opposite direction.
But unlike the previous tasks, the river has a flow rate that should not be ignored. Here the objects will either move along the river - then this speed should be added to own speed objects, or against the current - it must be subtracted from the speed of the object.
An uneven surface may cause vibration. Too much air in tires can cause vibration and rolling noise. Do not use the forklift during bad weather. weather conditions, such as strong winds, thunderstorms, snow, etc. Noise exceeds 100 dB during the operation of the trolley. Noise near the operator does not exceed 95 dB.
When uphill or downhill, you must ride with the load on the hill and no return charge. Do not twist when driving on slopes - risk of tipping over. While you are driving downhill, keep your speed down by using the preventive brakes.
An example of a task for moving along a river
Condition: went downstream at a speed of 120 km per hour and returned back, while spending two hours less time than against the current. What is the speed of the jet ski in standing water?" We are given a current speed equal to one kilometer per hour.
Do not hold the fork high. Their height during movement should be from 15 to 30 cm above the ground. Don't use the movement if the load is high - it threatens to lose balance. A trolley with an attached mount must be handled as a trolley.
Drive with the load down and lean back. Avoid heavy braking or rapid descents. There is a danger that the load will fall or the truck will overturn. Stop the forklift before changing direction. Use special tools for transporting unusual loads. Avoid attaching the product to a fork or carriage.
Let's move on to the solution. We propose to create a table for good example. Let's take the speed of a motorcycle in still water as x, then the speed downstream is x + 1, and against x-1. The round trip distance is 120 km. It turns out that the time spent moving upstream is 120:(x-1), and downstream 120:(x+1). It is known that 120:(x-1) is two hours less than 120:(x+1). Now we can proceed to filling in the table.
Do not use attachments other than those installed on your cart. The protective cover protects the operator from falling loads. The mast carriage serves to ensure load stability. The cart must not be used without these two components.
It is forbidden to stand or walk under the forks or other devices in which the cart is installed. It is forbidden to stand on the fork. It is forbidden to put your head between the mast and the safety cage - a threat of death. Do not put your hands between the inner and outer mast.
When loading goods from a stack of pallets, be careful and approach the load carefully. Don't rush with high speed cargo. Before lifting a load, make sure it is stable. Stop centrally in the middle of the load and then place the load on the forks while moving forward.
What we have: (120/(x-1))-2=120/(x+1) Multiply each part by (x+1)(x-1);
120(x+1)-2(x+1)(x-1)-120(x-1)=0;
We solve the equation:
We notice that there are two possible answers here: + -11, since both -11 and +11 give 121 squared. But our answer will be yes, since the speed of a motorcycle cannot have negative value, therefore, we can write down the answer: 11 km per hour. Thus, we have found the required quantity, namely the speed in still water.
Make sure the weight is securely attached and in the center of both forks. Do not lift loads using only one fork. Avoid loading on sloping ground. Avoid loading forks where the maximum load is higher than that of the ambulance. If it is not possible to make sure that the load on the forks is stable. Move backwards or guide the operator when driving with limited visibility.
When loading and unloading, limit the movements of the mast and forward tilt. Do not tilt the mast forward until there is very little load on the ground. When unloading goods on high altitude, rotate the mast vertically with the load at a height of 15 to 20 cm above the ground, and then raise. Never tilt the mast when lifting a load.
We've covered everything possible options tasks for movement, now when solving them you should not have problems and difficulties. To solve them, you need to know basic formula and such concepts as "the speed of approach and removal". Be patient, work through these tasks, and success will come.
TASKS FOR ONCOMING TRAFFIC
Most simple tasks on oncoming traffic begin to decide already in the 4th grade. The solution of such problems is usually carried out in 2 - 3 steps. In all tasks for oncoming traffic, such a concept is used as approach speed, i.e. the total speed of two bodies with which they move towards each other. The approach speed is a key value in solving problems for oncoming traffic.
The main formula for solving problems for oncoming traffic is the same formula, where the distance is expressed in terms of speed and time:
S = v t
A feature of the application of this formula is that the speed of approach of two bodies is taken as the speed, i.e. the sum of their speeds. This is the speed of oncoming traffic, which we talked about. Thus, the formula for solving problems for oncoming traffic can be written as follows:
S = v (approach) t
v (approach) = v 1 + v 2
where v 1 is the speed of the 1st body, v 2 is the speed of the 2nd body.
Examples of tasks for oncoming traffic:
1) From two piers, the distance between which is 90 km, two motor ships simultaneously left towards each other. The first ship was moving at a speed of 20 km/h, the second at a speed of 25 km/h. How many hours later did they meet?
2) Two swallows fly at a speed of 23 m/s. In how many seconds will they meet if the distance between them is 920 m?
3) Two trains left two cities at the same time towards each other. One train was traveling at a speed of 63 km/h. What was the speed of the second train if the distance between cities is 564 km? The trains met after 4 hours.
4) From two berths, the distance between which is 90 km, two boats simultaneously left towards each other. The first went at a speed of 8 km/h, the second - at a speed of 10 km/h. How many hours later did the boats meet?
5) A cyclist and a motorcyclist left the village and the city at the same time towards each other. The cyclist was traveling at a speed of 16 km/h and the motorcyclist was traveling at a speed of 54 km/h. The cyclist traveled 48 km before meeting. How far did the motorcyclist travel before meeting?
6) Two boys simultaneously ran towards each other along a sports track, the length of which is 200 m. They met after 20 s. The first one ran at a speed of 5 m/s. How fast was the second boy running?
7) Two stations left at the same time freight trains and met 5 hours later. One train traveled 29 km per hour, and the other 35 km. What is the distance between these stations?
8) 2 buses left two cities at the same time towards each other. The speed of the first bus is 25 km/h, the speed of the second is 50 km/h. The first bus passed 100 km before the meeting. How many kilometers did the second bus travel before the meeting?
9) The distance between the two cities is 81 km. Two cyclists left at the same time towards each other. One cyclist travels 3 km more per hour than another. At what distance from the cities did they meet if the meeting took place 3 hours after the departure?
10) Two riders left at the same time towards each other from two points, the distance between which is 100 km. The riders met after 4 hours. Find the speed of the first rider if the speed of the second is 13 km/h.
11) A boat and a boat departed from two piers at the same time towards each other. Before the meeting, the boat traveled 48 km, and the boat - 24 km. Boat speed - 8 km / h. Find the speed of the boat.
12) Two boats simultaneously departed from two piers towards each other, which met after 3 hours. The speed of one boat is 15 km / h, the speed of the second boat is 18 km / h. Find the distance between the piers.
13) Two motorcyclists left two cities at the same time towards each other. One motorcyclist was moving at a speed of 80 km/h. He traveled 320 km before meeting. How far did the second motorcyclist travel before the meeting if he was moving at a speed of 65 km/h?
14) A boat and a boat departed from two piers at the same time towards each other and met after 3 hours. The speed of the boat is 15 km / h, the speed of the boat is 4 times more. Find the distance between the piers.
15) Two planes simultaneously took off from two airfields towards each other and met after 3 hours. The speed of one plane is 600 km per hour, and the second plane is 900 km / h. Find the distance between airfields.
16) From two cities, the distance between which is 840 km, 2 trains left at the same time towards each other. The speed of the first train is 100 km/h, the second - 10 km/h more. In how many hours will the trains meet?
17) A boat and a boat departed from two piers at the same time towards each other. They met after 5 hours. The speed of the boat is 12 km/h, and the speed of the boat is 5 times greater. Find the distance between the piers.
18) A steamboat sailed from one pier at 11 o'clock in the morning, passing at 15 km / h, and from another pier towards it at 3 o'clock the next morning another steamer left, passing at 17 km / h. In how many hours after the departure of the second steamer will they meet if there are 380 km between the piers?
19) Two tourists, the distance between which is 140 km, left towards each other one after the other after 3 hours. How many hours after the departure of the first one will they meet if the first traveled 10 km/h and the second 12 km/h?
20) A motor ship and a boat left the two piers towards each other at the same time. The ship was moving at a speed of 33 km / h, and the boat - 25 km / h. After 3 hours they met. What is the distance between the piers?
21) From two villages at the same time, a girl came out towards each other, who moved at a speed of 3 km / h, and a boy, who moved 2 times faster than the girl. The meeting took place 4 hours later. What is the distance between villages?
22) Two trains go towards each other from two stations, the distance between which is 385 km. The first one left earlier by 2 hours and moves at a speed of 53 km/h. 3 hours after the second train left, they met. What is the speed of the second train?
23) From two cities, the distance between which is 484 km, two trains left at the same time towards each other. The speed of one train is 45 km/h. Determine the speed of the other train if the trains meet after 4 hours.
24) Passenger and freight trains set off from two cities at the same time towards each other. They met 12 hours later. What is the distance between cities if it is known that the speed of a passenger train is 75 km/h, and that of a freight train is 35 km/h?
25) Two trains left two cities at the same time towards each other. One was walking at a speed of 42 km / h, and the other - 52 km / h. After 6 hours the trains met. Find the distance between cities.
26) The distance along the river between the two cities is 275 km. A steamboat and a barge left these cities at the same time towards each other. The ship was moving at a speed of 28 km/h. Find the speed of the barge if it is known that its meeting with the steamer took place 5 hours after leaving.
27) From two cities, the distance between which is 1380 km, two trains left at the same time towards each other and met after 10 hours. The speed of one of them is 75 km/h. Find the speed of the other train.
28) The distance between the villages is 48 km. After how many hours will two pedestrians meet, who went out at the same time towards each other, if the speed of one is 3 km/h and the other is 5 km/h?
29) From the village to the city 340 km. A motorcyclist traveled from a village to a city at a speed of 42 km/h. After 2 hours, a cyclist rode towards him at a speed of 22 km / h. In how many hours will they meet?
30) Two motorcyclists left two cities at the same time towards each other and met after 10 minutes. The speed of one of them is 920 m/min, and the other one is 970 m/min. Find the distance between cities.
31) Two trains left one city to another at the same time towards each other and met after 9 hours. The speed of one train is 48 km/h, and the speed of the other is 5 km/h more than the other. Find the distance between cities.
- < Назад
- Next >
