I erected a monument to myself not made by hands,
Will not grow to him folk trail,
He ascended higher as the head of the rebellious
Pillar of Alexandria.
No, all of me will not die - the soul is in the cherished lyre
My ashes will survive and decay will run away -
And I will be glorious as long as sublunar world
At least one piit will live.
The rumor about me will spread throughout the great Russia,
And every language that is in it will call me,
And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now wild
Tungus, and a Kalmyk friend of the steppes.
And for a long time I will be kind to the people,
That I aroused good feelings with lyre,
That in my cruel age I glorified Freedom
And he called for mercy on the fallen.
By the command of God, O muse, be obedient,
Not afraid of resentment, not demanding a crown,
Praise and slander were accepted indifferently
And don't argue with the fool.
Analysis of the poem "I erected a monument to myself not made by hands" by Pushkin
A draft of the poem was discovered after Pushkin's death. It dates from 1836. It was first published in posthumous edition works of the poet (1841).
The poem started a controversy that continues to this day. The first question concerns the source that inspired Pushkin. Many considered the work a simple imitation of the numerous odes of Russian poets on the subject of the monument. A more common version is that Pushkin took the main ideas from Horace's ode, from which the epigraph to the poem was taken.
A more serious stumbling block was the meaning and meaning of the work. The lifetime praise of his merits, the author's conviction in his future glory caused criticism and bewilderment. In the eyes of contemporaries, this, at least, seemed to be excessive self-conceit and insolence. Even those who acknowledge great merit poet in front of Russian literature, could not tolerate such impudence.
Pushkin compares his fame with " miraculous monument", which exceeds " Alexandria pillar"(Monument to Alexander I). Moreover, the poet claims that his soul will exist forever, and creativity will spread throughout multinational Russia. This will happen because throughout his life the author brought people the ideas of goodness and justice. He always defended freedom and "called for mercy to the fallen" (probably to the Decembrists). After such statements, Pushkin also throws a reproach to those who do not understand the value of his work (“do not argue with a fool”).
Justifying the poet, some researchers stated that the verse is a subtle satire of the author on himself. His statements were considered a joke on his difficult position in high society.
Almost two centuries later, the work can be appreciated. The years have shown the poet's brilliant foresight of his future. Pushkin's poems are known all over the world, translated into most languages. The poet is considered the greatest classic of Russian literature, one of the founders of the modern Russian language. The saying “all of me will not die” was fully confirmed. Pushkin's name lives not only in his works, but also in countless streets, squares, avenues and much more. The poet became one of the symbols of Russia. The poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” is a well-deserved recognition of the poet, who did not expect this from his contemporaries.
The poem by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "" is not an entirely original source. When Pushkin sat down to write it, he was familiar with the original - the poem "To Melpomene" by Horatio, free translations and transcriptions of foreign and Russian poets. In Russia, Batyushkov, Derzhavin (whose verse is often with Pushkin's), and Lomonosov wrote on this subject. Later - Lermontov, A. Fet, Kapnist.
And at the same time, an analysis of the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” shows that it is not a translation, like the works of Lomonosov, Fet, Kapnist. It's not even an imitation ancient Roman poet who lived in pre-Christian times. Although some of Horatio's motives Pushkin's work are present. The ancient Roman ode served as a form, a kind of wrapper for Pushkin's original poem, in which the poet put his content - feelings and worldview.
The poem was written in 1836, shortly before his death. It was a time of creative flourishing, grandiose literary plans and personal mental crisis.
In this poem, Pushkin, summing up his work, says:
And for a long time I will be kind to the people,
That I aroused good feelings with lyre,
That in my cruel age I glorified Freedom,
And he called for mercy on the fallen.
And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now wild
Tunguz, and a Kalmyk friend of the steppes.
Between the lines one can read the poet's belief that people will someday be free and educated, and Pushkin will be translated into other languages. Well, that prophecy came true.
The appeal to the Muse to be obedient to the command of God is a call to writers who will create after him.
Not afraid of resentment, not demanding a crown,
Praise and slander were accepted indifferently,And don't argue with the fool.
The poem is close to the genre of ode, it is written in iambic six-foot. This rhythm, more than others, corresponds to ancient poetry, and fits the ode. But unlike the ancient literary works, Pushkin's poem is not read heavily. On the contrary, the rhythm of the verse is energetic, and the work itself sounds solemn. True, the last stanza is set out in iambic tetrameter, which makes it energetic.
The work consists of 5 stanzas, the rhyme is crossed, feminine rhyme alternates with male. It can be divided into 3 parts: in the first, the poet says that he erected a monument to himself. In the second part, he explains how, in his opinion, he will be "kind to the people." And the third part is a call to the poets who will create after him.
The poem is related to the ode by Old Slavonicisms - head, pillar, piit, existing; and polyunion.
The poem uses means artistic expressiveness helping to feel the mood of the poet. These are epithets - miraculous, rebellious, great, cherished, proud, kind, wild, cruel.
The poem itself is metaphorical in essence. Everyone knows that Pushkin is not an architect or a sculptor, and did not build anything. He applied the inversion. Monument means all literary creativity which will keep the memory of him among the people. He says that his soul lives in his works. "Soul in the cherished lyre". Lyra is ancient Greek musical instrument symbolizing poetic creativity. Annenkov confirms the same idea:
"Real, full life his [Pushkin's] lies in his very works, generated, so to speak, by its course. In them, the reader can study both the soul of the poet and the circumstances of his existence, moving from one artistic image to another. This is how Pushkin wrote his biography... The reader may have the pleasure of tracing this poetic story about himself, starting from the first imitations of our poet to the erotic writers of France, until, after a series of powerful creations, he could exclaim in just pride:
I erected a monument to myself not made by hands:
The folk trail will not overgrow to it.
Exegi monumentum
I erected a monument to myself not made by hands,
The folk trail will not grow to it,
He ascended higher as the head of the rebellious
Pillar of Alexandria.
No, all of me will not die - the soul is in the cherished lyre
My ashes will survive and decay will run away -
And I will be glorious as long as in the sublunar world
At least one piit will live.
The rumor about me will spread throughout the great Russia,
And every language that is in it will call me,
And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now wild
Tungus, and a Kalmyk friend of the steppes.
That I aroused good feelings with lyre,
That in my cruel age I glorified Freedom
And he called for mercy on the fallen.
By the command of God, O muse, be obedient,
Not afraid of resentment, not demanding a crown,
Praise and slander were accepted indifferently
And don't argue with the fool.
Pushkin, 1836
The poem is written on the theme of ode Horace « To Melpomene» ( XXX Ode to Book III), from where the epigraph is taken. The same ode to Horace was translated by Lomonosov; Derzhavin imitated her in his poem “ Monument».
Exegi monumentum- I erected a monument (lat.).
Alexandria pillar- Alexander Column, a monument to Alexander I in St. Petersburg on Palace Square; Pushkin left St. Petersburg 5 days before the opening of the Alexander Column, so as not to be present at the ceremony along with the chamber junkers, my comrades". The reason was, of course, deeper - Pushkin did not want to participate in the glorification of Alexander I.
In the draft manuscript of the 3rd stanza, other nationalities living in Russia are also named, who will name Pushkin: Georgian, Kyrgyz, Circassian. The fourth stanza read originally:
And for a long time I will be kind to the people,
That new sounds for songs I found,
That after Radishchev I glorified Freedom
And mercy sang.
After Radishchev- as the author of the ode " liberty" and " Travel from St. Petersburg to Moscow».
I glorified freedom- refers to the freedom-loving lyrics of Pushkin.
Mercy to the fallen called- Pushkin talks about his " Stansakh» (« In the hope of glory and good ...”), about the poem “ friends", about " Feast of Peter I", maybe about " hero”, - those poems in which he called on Nicholas I to return the Decembrists from hard labor.
I reread Pushkin's poem "Monument". Awesome thing! And contagious. After him, many poets in one form or another also began to build poetic monuments for themselves. But this memorial mania did not come from Pushkin, but from the depths of centuries from Horace. Lomonosov was the first in Russian literature of the 18th century to translate Horace's verse. This translation sounds like this:
I erected a sign of immortality for myself
Above the pyramids and stronger than copper,
What a stormy aquilon cannot erase,
Neither many centuries, nor caustic antiquity.
Not at all will I die; but death will leave
Great is my part, as I end my life.
I will grow in glory everywhere
While the great Rome owns the light.
From Horace this monument mania also went. Based on the text of Horace, Derzhavin also wrote his "Monument".
I erected a wonderful, eternal monument to myself,
It is harder than metal and higher than pyramids;
Neither his whirlwind, nor thunder will break the fleeting,
And time will not crush him.
So! - all of me will not die, but a large part of me,
Fleeing from decay, after death he will live,
And my glory will grow without fading,
How long will the universe honor the Slavs?
The rumor will pass about me from the White Waters to the Black ones,
Where the Volga, Don, Neva, the Urals pour from the Riphean;
Everyone will remember that among innumerable peoples,
How from obscurity I became known for that,
That I was the first to dare in a funny Russian syllable
Proclaim the virtues of Felitsa,
In the simplicity of the heart to talk about God
And tell the truth to kings with a smile.
O muse! be proud of just merit,
And whoever despise you, despise those yourself;
With a leisurely, unhurried hand
Crown your forehead with the dawn of immortality
Behind him writes his famous "Monument" Pushkin
I erected a monument to myself not made by hands,
The folk trail will not grow to it,
He ascended higher as the head of the rebellious
Pillar of Alexandria.
No, all of me will not die - the soul is in the cherished lyre
My ashes will survive and decay will run away -
And I will be glorious as long as in the sublunar world
At least one piit will live.
Rumors about me will go throughout the great Russia,
And every language that is in it will call me,
And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now wild
Tungus, and a Kalmyk friend of the steppes.
And for a long time I will be kind to the people,
That I aroused good feelings with lyre,
That in my cruel age I glorified freedom
And he called for mercy on the fallen.
By the command of God, O muse, be obedient;
Not afraid of resentment, not demanding a crown,
Praise and slander were accepted indifferently
And don't argue with the fool.
The attentive reader will notice that these three poetic monuments are in many ways similar to each other.
Then off we go. A good monument to himself is erected by the poet Valery Bryusov, where he declares with confidence that his monument “cannot be knocked down” and that his descendants will “rejoicely call”
My monument stands, from the stanzas of consonant complex.
Scream, run amok - you can't knock him down!
The disintegration of melodious words in the future is impossible, -
I am and shall always be.
And the camps of all fighters, and people of different tastes,
In the closet of the poor, and in the palace of the king,
Rejoicing, they will call me - Valery Bryusov,
Speaking of a friend with friendship.
In the gardens of Ukraine, in the noise and bright dream of the capital,
To the thresholds of India, on the banks of the Irtysh, -
Burning pages will fly everywhere,
in which my soul sleeps.
For many I thought, for all I knew the torments of passion,
But it will become clear to everyone that this song is about them,
And, in distant dreams in irresistible power,
Glorify proudly every verse.
And in new sounds the call will penetrate beyond
Sad homeland, and a German, and a Frenchman
Dutifully repeat my orphaned verse,
Gift of supportive Muses.
What is the glory of our days? - casual fun!
What is the slander of friends? - contempt blasphemy!
Crown my brow, glory of other centuries,
Leading me into the world temple.
The poet Khodasevich also hoped that
"In Russia new and great,
They will put up my two-faced idol
At the crossroads of two roads
Where is the time, wind and sand…"
But Akhmatova in the poem "Requiem" even indicated the place where to erect a monument to her.
And if ever in this country
They will erect a monument to me,
I give my consent to this triumph,
But only with the condition - do not put it
Not near the sea where I was born:
The last connection with the sea is broken,
Not in the royal garden at the treasured stump,
Where the inconsolable shadow is looking for me,
And here, where I stood for three hundred hours
And where the bolt was not opened for me.
Then, as in blissful death I fear
Forget the rumble of black marus,
Forget how hateful the door slammed
And the old woman howled like a wounded animal.
And let from motionless and bronze eyelids
Like tears, melted snow flows,
And let the prison dove roam in the distance,
And the ships are quietly moving along the Neva.
In 2006, in the year of the fortieth anniversary of Akhmatova's death, in St. Petersburg, on the Robespierre embankment, opposite the Kresty prison building, a monument was unveiled to her. Exactly where she indicated.
I. Brodsky erected a kind of monument to himself.
I erected a monument to myself,
Back to the shameful century
To love with your lost face,
And the buttocks to the sea of half-truths ...
Yesenin also, probably jokingly, built a monument to himself:
I erected a monument to myself
From bottled wine corks.
Corks were then called bottles of wine. Talking about the meeting with Yesenin in Rostov-on-Don in 1920, Yu. Annenkov recalled an episode that took place in the Alhambra restaurant. Yesenin pounding on the table with his fist:
- Comrade footman, cork!
Yesenin was erected a well-deserved monument by the people. And not alone. The folk trail will not overgrow to them.
But the poet A. Kucheruk stubbornly writes verse after verse, in order to also create a monument not made by hands. But he doubts “whether there will be a path to it?”
They tell me it's all in vain;
write poetry ... What are they for now?
After all, there are no beautiful ladies in the world for a long time.
And there are no knights among us for a long time.
For a long time to the verses all souls have cooled
down to minus two on the Kelvin scale...
Well, what are you clinging to them, really?
What, there are no other occupations on the Earth?
Or maybe you're a graphomaniac? Here you are scribbling
knocking lines into orderly rows?
How sewing machine, day and night
poems you sew full of water.
And I don't know what to say to that
because I'm really ready
with the energy of a poet
sing friends and crush enemies.
Verse after verse ready to write stubbornly,
but if so my country is blind,
let me create a monument not made by hands...
Will there be a path leading to it?
Watching how others create monuments for themselves, I also became infected with this monument mania and decided to create my own miraculous one.
I also erected a monument to myself,
Like Pushkin, like old Derzhavin,
Your last name under the nickname NIK
I have already glorified my creativity.
No, gentlemen, I'm completely fucking dying,
My creations will outlive me.
For always being faithful to goodness,
The descendants in the temple will light a candle for me.
And so I will be kind to the people,
That I was excited by the creativity of my heart,
What from enemies and all other freaks
I have defended Holy Russia all my life.
My enemies will die of envy.
Let them die, it seems they should!
Their descendants will erase them from memory,
And NIK will thunder like a cannonade.
Rumors about me will spread everywhere and everywhere,
And both the Chukchi and the Kalmyk will remember me.
In a circle, my creations will be read,
A good man, they will say, was NIK.
(Joke)
But, like Kucheruk, I doubt whether there will be a path to my monument?
Reviews
Excellent work Nikolay Ivanovich! I read it twice. And one more time waking up to his wife. What is surprising, but your monument also fell into line, after all the great and not so great. So you are a good person, Nick. It's not even discussed. And this is the most important thing. main monument. Oh, and a sense of humor too! Thank you!
This means that the poet must combine his will with the "God's command" (which is all-good and infallible) and thereby acquire true freedom of creativity and reach the peaks accessible to him. AT general case such a combination is beneficial for every person striving for a high goal:
Like an Arkhangelsk man
By your own and God's will
He became smart and great.
(Nekrasov, "Schoolboy")
Following the command of God as the highest law for himself, the poet will not opportunistically "bend" before the authorities and neglect spiritual values in pursuit of material ones. If self-interest prevails in the poet, then the creative gift will be taken away from him, and he will turn into an artisan and lose his happiness:
Under the yoke of years, the soul caved in,
She cooled down to everything
And the Muse completely turned away,
Full of bitter contempt.
("The Poet and the Citizen")
Let us recall how a similar phenomenon (which cannot be explained from purely material positions) was described and deeply investigated by Gogol in the story "Portrait".
AT recent times Much is said about the expediency of synergy, i.e. interaction of two or more factors, in which the final effect significantly exceeds simple sum effects of each individual component. However, it has long been known from the Scriptures and many literary works that greatest effect can give a voluntary and active cooperation of man with God, who is Omnipotent and Omniscient.
The described noble image of the muse is complemented by the features of Nekrasov's "muse of revenge and sorrow" - "The sad companion of the sad poor, / Born for labor, suffering and shackles."
How poetry is written
Poems are not written - they happen,
like feelings or a sunset.
The soul is a blind accomplice.
Did not write - it happened.
(A. Voznesensky)
Poetry is complex and high view art, the service of which "does not tolerate fuss":
Not the poet who knows how to weave rhymes
And, hiding with feathers, he does not spare the paper. (Pushkin)
Pushkin has repeatedly described the secret process of creating poetry, starting from the time of his studies in Tsarskoye Selo:
In those days in the mysterious valleys
In the spring, with the cries of swans,
Near the waters shining in silence
The muse began to appear to me.
The muse - a poetic personification of his creative gift - flew to him like some kind of wonderful guest, "revitalizing" his flute "with divine breath and filling his heart with holy charm." The epithets "divine and holy", which Pushkin so often uses in relation to his poetic inspiration, were not only a beautiful metaphor: they hide a deep sacred meaning, a genuine sense of the poet's spiritual connection with another world.
Here is how the poet wrote about this, being in the Boldino family estate:
And the thoughts in my head are worried in courage,
And light rhymes run towards them,
And fingers ask for a pen, pen for paper.
A minute - and the verses will flow freely.
In other words, a true poet is a mediator between two realities, he is, as it were, a channel through which the spirit rushes from above, carrying people truth, goodness and beauty. No wonder Yesenin directly called himself "God's pipe."
There is also an alternative opinion, expressed by Mayakovsky, in the article "How to make poetry?": "Poetry is production. The most difficult, most difficult, but production." "The best, most talented poet Soviet era"mocks at those for whom the main process supposedly" is an inspired lifting of the head, waiting for the heavenly poetry-spirit to descend on the bald head in the form of a dove, peacock or ostrich. It is not difficult to expose these gentlemen. It is enough to compare Tatyana's love and "the science that Nazon sang" with the draft law on marriage ... ". Such a primitive, utilitarian view of a subtle phenomenon and such a limited sensitivity in the field of the spirit. Of course, when doing " social order", which runs counter to spiritual attitudes, it is difficult to expect help from above, however, in many of his poems, inspiration manifested itself clearly.
