(1934), Major General of Aviation (1946).
Biography
Born on March 23, 2008 in the village of Belaya Glina Krasnodar Territory. Russian. He spent his childhood in the city of Yeysk. He worked as an assistant in a forge, an apprentice locksmith, minder, driver's assistant at an oil mill.
In the Red Army since 1926. In 1927 he graduated from the Leningrad military-theoretical school of pilots, in 1928 - Sevastopol high school red naval pilots. Served in the Red Banner Air Force Baltic Fleet, and then as an instructor pilot at the School of Naval Pilots and Flight Officers. Stalin in the city of Yeisk. Since 1933 - in reserve.
He worked as a pilot in the Far Eastern Directorate of the Civil Air Fleet. Then he worked in the Chukotka detachment of the Directorate polar aviation Glavsevmorputi.
Colonel-General of Aviation Kamanin recalls: "Anatoly Lyapidevsky - Kuban Cossack, human broad nature, swirling, densely knocked down strong man. He began his journey in aviation in my native Leningrad school theoretical training- "grater". But if I came to the "grater" directly from school bench, then Anatoly worked before her in a forge, in a locksmith's workshop, at an oil mill, as an assistant driver on a bus. When the cry swept across the country: "Young people - to aviation!" - Anatoly Lyapidevsky carried out his cherished dream: became a pilot.
Experienced instructors Vasily Molokov and Sigismund Levanevsky gave him a ticket to heaven. In 1929, Anatoly Lyapidevsky became a pilot, began working as an instructor at the newly formed naval pilot school in Yeysk. I visited test pilots in Moscow, where I received "carriage permits" for the ANT-4. He made several long flights from Moscow to Yeysk.
1933 dramatically changed the fate of the pilot Lyapidevsky. He left the army for the Civil Air Fleet and asked for one of the most difficult lines - Sakhalin. He flew from Khabarovsk through the Tatar Strait to Aleksandrovsk. This track is very difficult, but, having mastered it, the restless lover of new difficulties transferred to the Far North.
And so Anatoly Lyapidevsky received an order to take off on a heavy plane to help the Chelyuskinites. Its crew included: the second pilot E.M. Konkin, pilot-observer L.V. Petrov, flight engineer M.A. Rukovsky".
In 1934, Lyapidevsky took part in rescuing the crew and passengers of the Chelyuskin steamer, which was iced up. First arrived in the search area. In the course of searches on a twin-engine ANT-4 aircraft, he made 29 unsuccessful flights in a snowstorm and in bad weather.
On March 5, 1934, he finally discovered the Schmidt camp, landed on an ice floe and took out ten women and two infants.
Lyapidevsky recalls: “Twenty-nine times we tried to break through the blizzard and fog in the most difficult conditions of the Arctic, and all to no avail ... Finally, luck. The sun, silence, but a terrible frost - 40-45 degrees ... We peered until the pain in our eyes. And finally, they directly "rested" against Schmidt's camp.
The first to see the camp was Lev Vasilyevich Petrov, our navigator, and he pointed his finger at me: "Tolya, look!" I noticed: indeed, a small tent and three people near the tent. Then it turned out that they were Pogosov, Gurevich and the flight engineer Babushkina Valavin, the airfield team, which, living in a tent, monitored the state of the field. A deep crack formed, which cut off the camp from the airfield site ...
I approached with minimum speed and successfully landed. I taxied to these three brave men. We brought them batteries to power the radio station, two carcasses of deer, cheered them up. They made sure that the plane is a real salvation. They consulted with Otto Yulievich Schmidt and decided to immediately take ten women and two girls with them ... The plane was large, heavy ... they shoved, figuratively speaking, into large, heavy little women and children, and they had to lie down for someone, someone then sit, strongly shrinking.
Lieutenant Colonel Krenkel recalls: “It was cold on March 5. The thermometer showed about forty, when ... a flag appeared on the signal tower, meaning: an airplane was flying towards us. This seven and a half meter structure was erected on a six-meter hummock. The tower was used for observations and signaling about the situation at the airport.
The procession of women and children moved towards the airfield. An airplane appeared in the air - a large heavy machine ANT-4. Joyful cry. The plane started landing. Everyone hurried forward to the airfield and ... a huge polynya, several kilometers long and 20-25 meters wide, blocked the road ... An unexpected water barrier was overcome - an ice boat was delivered at a trot ...
On that day, a young Komsomol pilot, Anatoly Lyapidevsky, finally made his way to us. It was a difficult flight. In the chaos of ice blocks and ropaks, finding a camp from the air was no easier than finding a needle in a haystack. From the frost, the flight goggles fogged up, and Lyapidevsky flew in in a fawn mask that protected his face, but worsened visibility. According to his confession, he had never seen such a small platform, 450x50 meters, in his flying life. Lyapidevsky's car was heavy, and it probably wouldn't have been possible to land it on our ice airfield, if not for the pilot's hard training. Taking off from his airfield, he, returning to it, landed on an unthinkably tiny patch, specially marked with signal flags.
The appearance of Lyapidevsky in the Schmidt camp immediately introduced this remarkable young man among the best polar pilots in the world. The world demanded details, but... the journalists had too little information...
I am citing the story of Lev Khvat, a Pravda reporter, about how he got necessary information:
- I jumped into the jeep, I'm in a hurry to Aeroflot ... And now I have a thin folder in my hands: " Brief autobiography pilot A.V. Looking at the sheet, I dictate on the phone to the editorial stenographer: “Pilot Anatoly Vasilievich Lyapidevsky is twenty-five years old ... Yes, yes, only twenty-five ... Paragraph. He was born in 1908, in the family of a teacher. At the age of twelve he went to work in the village of Staroshcherbinskaya in the Kuban, worked as a laborer for almost four years. In the autumn of 1924 he moved to the city of Yeisk, where he joined the Komsomol. For more than a year he worked at an oil mill. The regional committee of the Komsomol was sent to an aviation school ... Recorded? I continue. Paragraph. In 1929, Anatoly Lyapidevsky successfully graduated from the school of naval pilots. Was left as an instructor at an aviation school. Another paragraph. In March 1933, he joined the civilian air fleet. He worked on the airlines of the Far East, then transferred to polar aviation."
After the first flight to the ice floe, Lyapidevsky repeatedly flew from Uelen to the Chelyuskin camp, but because of the weather he could not get through to him.
On March 15, 1934, he was supposed to deliver a supply of fuel to Vankarem. However, during the flight, a crankshaft broke in one of the engines of his car. Lyapidevsky had to make an emergency landing. At the same time, the aircraft damaged the landing gear and was out of action. It took forty-two days to repair.
04/20/34 Lyapidevsky was awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union. After the establishment of the medal " Golden Star"as a sign special distinction for Heroes of the Soviet Union, he was awarded the medal Љ 1. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1934.
Lieutenant Colonel Krenkel recalls: “We developed excellent relations with Lyapidevsky in the future ... A sincere and extremely benevolent person ...
I remember well how five years after our rescue, in 1939, Lyapidevsky and I received the Gold Stars of the Heroes of the Soviet Union. The fact is that the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was established on April 16, 1934, and the insignia - the Gold Star - appeared in 1939. Fate brought us together on the same day in the Kremlin. On the back of each Golden Star there is a regular number. When we left the gates of the Spasskaya Tower on Red Square, I said:
Tolya, just think, the Stars will receive thousands more people. All of them, looking at the number on the reverse side, will remember you, because your Star is number one.
Lyapidevsky smiled and said nothing. My lofty tirade clearly embarrassed him.
When we returned from the Arctic, Tolya was nicknamed "ladies' pilot". They called him that because he took ten adult women and two little girls out of the camp, and the nickname stuck tightly also because Lyapidevsky was a bachelor, and any eloquence is powerless to describe the attention that she bestowed on Hero number one beautiful half kind of human. According to unverified rumors, letters and tender notes were carried to our Tolya, almost like laundry baskets.
The journalist Brontman recalls: “Yesterday I was at ... Lyapidevsky. He told how Voroshilov protects them from all sorts of assassination attempts. Many wanted to take the heroes to work. Voroshilov does not give: let them graduate from the Academy first.
By the 20th anniversary of the Red Army, they wanted to give the guys the rank of major (they were captains). Voroshilov personally wrote "COLONELS!".
In 1939, Colonel Lyapidevsky graduated from the Military Military Academy of the Red Army. Zhukovsky and was appointed deputy head of the Main Inspectorate of the People's Commissariat aviation industry.
He was elected a member of the CEC of the USSR of the 7th convocation and a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 1st convocation.
In 1940-41. - Head of the 8th Department (Department of Operation, Flight Tests and Refinement) of TsAGI, and then - Director of Aircraft Plant No. 156 in Moscow.
Anatoly Vasilievich Lyapidevsky March 10 (23), 1908 (19080323) April 29, 1983 Place of birth ... Wikipedia
Lyapidevsky Anatoly Vasilievich Encyclopedia "Aviation"
Lyapidevsky Anatoly Vasilievich- A. V. Lyapidevsky Anatoly Vasilievich Lyapidevsky (19081983) Soviet pilot, Major General of Aviation (1946), Hero of the Soviet Union (1934, certificate No. 1). He graduated from the Sevastopol School of Naval Pilots (1928), the Air Force ... ... Encyclopedia "Aviation"
LYAPIDEVSKY Anatoly Vasilievich- (1908 83) pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union (1934), Major General of Aviation (1946). In 1934 he participated in the rescue of the crew of the Chelyuskin steamer. During the Great Patriotic War, the director of an aviation plant ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Lyapidevsky Anatoly Vasilievich- [born on 10 (23) 3/1908, the village of Beloglinskaya, now the village of Belaya Glina, Krasnodar Territory], Soviet pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union (20/4/1934), Major General of Aviation (1946). Member of the CPSU since 1934. In the Red Army since 1926, graduated from the Sevastopol school ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Lyapidevsky Anatoly Vasilievich- (1908 1983) Soviet pilot, Major General of Aviation (1946), Hero of the Soviet Union (1934, certificate No. 1). Graduated from the Sevastopol School of Naval Pilots (1928), Military air academy Workers of the Peasant Red Army named after Professor N. E ... Encyclopedia of technology
Lyapidevsky Anatoly Vasilievich- (1908 1983), pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union (1934), Major General of Aviation (1946). In 1934 he participated in the rescue of the crew of the Chelyuskin steamer. During the Great Patriotic War, the director of an aircraft factory. * * * LYAPIDEVSKY Anatoly Vasilievich ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Lyapidevsky, Anatoly Vasilievich- (03/23/1908 04/29/1983) the first Hero of the Soviet Union (1934), Major General of Aviation (1946). In aviation since 1928. He served in the aviation of the Baltic Fleet, then he was an instructor at the Yeysk aviation school. Since 1933, he worked as a pilot in the Far Eastern Directorate ... ... Big biographical encyclopedia
Paradoxically, but true: despite the fact that the title of Hero of the Soviet Union is the highest and honorary award Soviet period, the exact number of heroes is disputed to this day. Different numbers are called, most often - 12,776.
The fact is that many Heroes are classified personalities, and were awarded, respectively, also secretly. No names, no award certificates. Others became Heroes under false names. Many of the awardees were subsequently deprived high rank. There are a lot of those who, after rehabilitation, the star of the Hero was returned back.
In general, the confusion is great and work to clarify the data continues. But the name of the person who was the first to be awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union is absolutely known - Anatoly Lyapidevsky. March 23, 2013 marks the 105th anniversary of his birth.
The rescueChelyuskinites
The country learned about the brave pilot Anatoly Lyapidevsky during the rescue of the Chelyuskinites. The 25-year-old pilot made 29 search flights in blizzards and bad weather before he discovered the forced winter hut of the expedition members. On March 5, 1934, having performed the most difficult landing on an ice floe, Lyapidevsky was the first to save twelve people - ten women and two children. And after him, other Soviet pilots took out the rest of the polar explorers. They managed in time: people were on the verge of death, because the ice floe, on which Otto Schmidt's camp was located, was split and subjected to compression.
Years later, Lyapidevsky recalled: “We were preparing to throw the Chelyuskinites onto the ice floe 29 times. They flew out, took a course and each time returned - the elements were raging, the frost reached forty degrees, and then we flew without glass caps over the cockpit and even without goggles, we just wrapped our faces in reindeer skin and left small slits for the eyes. But nothing saved from the cold. There was no radio communication on the planes, that is, they had to rely completely on their experience. But in the end, on the 30th flight, I discovered this camp. Decided to sit down. I go in for a landing once, twice - but for a large heavy car, the site was very small, only 400 by 150 meters. I miss - I hit the ice, I slip - I fall into the water. I made two circles and sat down on an ice floe at minimum speed. When he got out, everyone around screamed, hugged, climbed to kiss. And I have one thought in my head: hell, how am I going to fly out of here?!”
The last plane took off from the ice floe on April 13, 1934, and a week later, on April 20, in all Soviet newspapers A government decree was published on awarding pilots Anatoly Lyapidevsky, Sigismund Levanevsky, Vasily Molokov, Nikolai Kamanin, Mauritius Slepnev, Mikhail Vodopyanov and Ivan Doronin the title of Hero. The people called them the "magnificent seven." Actually, the title itself was established “under them” - by a resolution of the Central Executive Committee of April 16, 1934.
There was no separate decision on Lyapidevsky, but since he was listed first on the list, they began to consider him Hero No. 1. When the Gold Star was established in August 1939, then medal No. 1 went to him.
Popovskyson
They say that Stalin treated Lyapidevsky with great sympathy. At a reception in the St. George's Hall, where the heroes were honored, he approached the pilots with a bottle of wine in his hands. Seeing that they were drinking narzan, Stalin gave Lyapidevsky his glass and said instructively: “Since it’s a celebration, you should not drink narzan, but wine. What a celebration without wine! And he took a sip directly from the neck of the bottle. And then he said: “Remember, Anatoly, your father is a priest, I myself am almost a priest, so you can always contact me for any reason.” The pilot did not lose his head and immediately turned to the leader with a request to give him the opportunity to continue his studies.
A few days later, People's Commissar of Defense Kliment Voroshilov put on Lyapidevsky's report on admission to the Air Force engineering academy them. N.E. Zhukovsky his famous resolution: “Check the knowledge of comrade. Lyapidevsky: if prepared - accept, if not prepared - prepare and accept.
Lyapidevsky's request may seem strange only at first glance. In fact, the way for him to the academy was actually closed. And precisely for the reason Stalin mentioned, Hero No. 1 had an unreliable biography.
Anatoly Lyapidevsky was born in Cossack village White clay ( Krasnodar region). His father was a village priest, and the "priestly" origin seriously complicated the guy's life. He spent his childhood in Yeisk. He worked as an assistant in a forge, an apprentice locksmith, an assistant driver at an oil mill, and a mower minder. And dreamed of the sea. But in maritime school guys with the “correct” origin passed, and he was told that “quotas have been chosen”. Someone, taking pity on the guy, advised me to go to the Sevastopol School of Naval Pilots, which was transferred to Yeysk. Well, a pilot is also a man's profession, Lyapidevsky decided. However, after graduating from school, he - for "non-proletarian origin" - was sent to serve in Far East, in transport aviation. So, most likely, he would have remained an unknown air mail carrier on the edge Soviet empire, if, on the advice of friends, he had not filed a report with a request to be enlisted in the newly opened department of the Main Northern Sea Route. And in the meantime, the Chelyuskin steamer had already gone to sea - towards its death and ... salvation, which immortalized the name of Anatoly Lyapidevsky.
classifiedhero
Before the war, every schoolboy knew the name of Lyapidevsky. And soon after its completion, the legendary pilot was somehow “forgotten” right away. No fanfare sounded, no newspapers were written. In Stalin's times, this was not something unusual. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union did not protect against the label "enemy of the people." People disappeared suddenly and forever. From portraits, from newspapers, from memory. But the case with Lyapidevsky is special. Anatoly Vasilyevich was simply "classified".
After the war, which he successively went through as deputy commander of the Air Force of the 19th Army, head of field repairs of the 7th air army and the director of an aircraft factory, Lyapidevsky frankly missed the honorary commanding positions, expressing obvious dissatisfaction with the fact that he did not find a "real living business." One day, on the eve of May 1, 1949, Mikhail Khrunichev, the head of the USSR aviation industry, called Lyapidevsky and said that he had been relieved of all his posts without explanation. “I can’t understand anything myself, Anatoly Vasilievich, an order from above!” the minister sympathized.
The opal lasted two months. Lyapidevsky was acutely worried about what had happened. For two months he did not leave the office and did not even answer the phone calls. Anatoly Vasilyevich was preparing for the worst.
Until now, one has to hear the opinion that Lyapidevsky got sideways the publication in Ogonyok, dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the Chelyuskin expedition. Like, envious people showed Stalin a magazine with a ceremonial portrait of a pilot-deputy minister, whose chest is covered with medals and orders, and the “father of peoples” decided to besiege the upstart. But, most likely, one of Stalin's favorite tricks took place here - before the next appointment, he thus checked a person “for lice”.
The appointment soon followed. Hero No. 1 unexpectedly received one of the leading positions in the top-secret KB-25 (now All-Russian Research Institute automation), engaged in the creation of a hydrogen bomb.
He did not even tell his closest relatives about his work. Neither son Robert, named after the polar explorer Robert Peary, nor daughter Alexandra, nor son-in-law, the famous comrade Sukhov, actor Anatoly Kuznetsov.
- But at that time my father was twice awarded the order Lenin, but for what exactly the awards were given, he never told anyone, - recalls Robert Anatolyevich. - He just came home and, out of soldierly habit, lowered orders into a glass of vodka. You understand, in that branch of the order were given without fanfare. We learned about what he was doing only in 1961.
Lastfrom " magnificentsevens"
On October 30, 1961, everyone knew about it. On that day, the world's most powerful 50-megaton rocket was tested over Novaya Zemlya. H-bomb, which went down in history under the name Tsar Bomba and the unofficial nickname "Kuzkin's mother". All members of the government commission received a severe dose of radiation.
In the same year, Lyapidevsky retired for health reasons. The diagnosis of "leukemia" did not become a sentence for him. He lived another 22 years. Not sitting in retirement, enough long time worked as a leading designer at the Mikoyan Design Bureau - led the development of MIGs.
Anatoly Vasilievich died from a common cold, which he caught at the funeral of Vasily Molokov, his heroic comrade, with whom he saved the Chelyuskinites half a century ago.
On April 29, 1983, Lyapidevsky died - he was the last to leave the "magnificent seven" of the first heroes.
Lyapidevsky Anatoly Vasilievich - legendary pilot, The hero of the USSR. Born March 23, 1908 in the village of Beloglinskaya (now the village of Belaya Glina, Krasnodar Territory). Russian. He spent his childhood in the city of Yeysk. He worked as an assistant in a smithy, a fitter's apprentice, minder, driver's assistant at an oil mill.
In the army since 1926. In 1927 he graduated from the Leningrad military-theoretical school of the Air Force, in 1928 - the Sevastopol school of naval pilots. He served in the combat unit of the Air Force of the Baltic Fleet, then as an instructor pilot at the Yeisk School of Naval Pilots. Since 1933 - in reserve.
He worked as a pilot in the Far Eastern Directorate of the Civil Air Fleet. In 1934 he took part in the rescue of the Chelyuskinites. He made 29 search flights in a snowstorm and in bad weather, before on March 5, 1934, having discovered their camp, he landed on an ice floe and took out 12 people from there - 10 women and 2 children.
For courage and bravery shown during the rescue of the Chelyuskinites, on April 20, 1934, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In November 1939, at the presentation of the Gold Star medals, he was awarded the Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union N 1.
Since 1935 - again in the army. In 1939 he graduated from the N.E. Zhukovsky. Since 1939 - Deputy Head of the Main Inspectorate of the NKAP, Director of the Aviation Plant N156 (at the Central Aerodrome).
Member of the Great Patriotic War: from September 1942 to September 1943 - Deputy Commander of the Air Force of the 19th Army, head of field repairs of the 7th Air Army (Karelian Front). Since 1943, again director of an aircraft factory. After the end of the war, he worked as the chief controller of the State Control of the USSR, deputy minister of the aviation industry, and director of an aviation plant. Since 1961, Major General of Aviation Lyapidevsky A.V. - in reserve.
Lived in Moscow. He worked as a deputy chief engineer of a pilot plant. He died on April 29, 1983. He was buried in Moscow, at the Novodevichy cemetery.
Awarded 3 orders of Lenin, orders October revolution, the Red Banner, the Patriotic War of the 1st and 2nd degree, the Red Banner of Labor, 2 orders of the Red Star, the Order of the Badge of Honor, medals. A street in Moscow is named after him.
Biography
Anatoly Vasilyevich Lyapidevsky (1908-1983) - Soviet pilot, Major General of Aviation (1946), the first Hero of the Soviet Union (1934).
Born on March 10 (23), 1908 in the village of Belaya Glina Stavropol province(now Krasnodar Territory) in the family of a priest. A family from a dynasty of clergy in the Tula province. Russian. He spent his childhood in the village of Staroshcherbinovskaya and the city of Yeysk, Kuban Region (now Krasnodar Territory). He worked as an assistant in a forge, an apprentice locksmith, a mower minder, an assistant driver at an oil mill.
In the Red Army since 1926. In 1927 he graduated from the Leningrad military-theoretical school of the Air Force, in 1928 - the Sevastopol school of naval pilots. He served in the combat unit of the Air Force of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet, then as an instructor pilot at the Yeisk School of Naval Pilots. Since 1933 - in reserve. He worked as a pilot in the Far Eastern Directorate of the Civil Air Fleet (GVF).
In 1934, A.V. Lyapidevsky took part in the rescue of the Chelyuskinites. He made 29 search flights in a snowstorm and in bad weather, before on March 5, 1934, having discovered their camp, he landed on an ice floe and took out 12 people from there - 10 women and two children.
For courage and heroism shown during the rescue of the Chelyuskinites, Lyapidevsky Anatoly Vasilyevich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on April 20, 1934 with the award of the Order of Lenin (No. 515). On November 4, 1939, at the presentation of the Gold Star medals, he was awarded medal No. 1.
Since 1935, again in the ranks of the army. In 1939 he graduated Faculty of Engineering Air Force Academy named after N. E. Zhukovsky. Since 1939 - Deputy Head of the Main Inspectorate People's Commissariat aviation industry, director of aviation plant No. 156 (Moscow, since October 1941 - Omsk).
Member of the Great Patriotic War: from May to September 1942 - head of the 4th department of the Air Force Research Institute, in September 1942 - September 1943 - deputy commander of the Air Force of the 19th Army, head of field repairs of the 7th Air Army (Karelian Front).
Since 1943 - again director of an aircraft factory. After the end of the war, he worked as the chief controller of the State Control of the USSR, deputy minister of the aviation industry, director of a plant of the Ministry of Medium Machine Building. Since 1961, Major General of Aviation A. V. Lyapidevsky has been in reserve.
He died on April 29, 1983, having caught a cold at the funeral of V. Molokov. He was buried in Moscow, at the Novodevichy cemetery.
Awards
Medal "Gold Star" No. 1.3 orders of Lenin No. 515, No. 253642, No. 259557.
Order of the October Revolution.
Order of the Red Banner No. 256655.
Order of the Patriotic War 1st class.
Order of the Patriotic War 2nd class.
Order of the Red Banner of Labor No. 347628.
3 Orders of the Red Star No. 253642, No. 259557, No. 925115.
Order of the Badge of Honor.
Medals.
Memory
Released in 1935 Postage Stamp USSR, dedicated to the feat of Lyapidevsky.Streets in many cities of Russia and Ukraine are named after Lyapidevsky.
The monument to A. V. Lyapidevsky was erected in 1990 in the park of the 30th anniversary of the Komsomol in the village of Belaya Glina (now this park is called the "Park named after the first hero of the Soviet Union A. V. Lyapidevsky").
A memorial plaque was installed on the building of the school where A. V. Lyapidevsky studied, and a monument was erected in the courtyard of the school.
The name of A.V. Lyapidevsky was named after the Omsk Flight Technical College of Civil Aviation.
Named after A. V. Lyapidevsky secondary school No. 1 of the village of Staroshcherbinovskaya, Krasnodar Territory. A bust of the legendary pilot is installed in the school yard.
In the name of A. V. Lyapidevsky, secondary school No. 2 of the city of Yeysk is named, of which he was a graduate.
