Kuban Cossacks, Kuban (Cossacks) Cossack army - part of the Russian Cossacks, inhabiting the territory of modern Krasnodar Territory, the western part of the Stavropol Territory, as well as the Republics of Adygea and Karachay-Cherkessia. The center of the Cossacks - the city of Ekaterinodar - modern Krasnodar. The Cossack army was officially formed in 1860 on the basis of the Black Sea (Cossacks) Cossack army and part of the Caucasian (Cossacks) linear Cossack army.
The Cossack army was first controlled by kosh (elected) chieftains, later by chief chieftains appointed by the tsar. The Kuban Cossack region was divided into 7 departments, headed by chieftains appointed by the chief chieftain. At the head of the Cossack villages and Cossack farms were elected chieftains, who were approved by the chieftains of departments.

Black Sea Cossacks, Black Sea Cossacks
By the end of the 18th century, after numerous political victories Russian Empire the development priorities of southern Ukraine, which at that time was part of the Russian Empire, and the Cossacks living there changed radically Zaporozhian Sich. With the conclusion of the Kyuchuk-Kainarji Treaty (1774), Russia received access to the Black Sea and Crimea. In the west, the weakened Commonwealth was on the verge of partition.
Thus, the further need to maintain the presence of the Cossacks in their historical homeland to protect the southern Russian borders disappeared by the Cossacks. At the same time, the Cossack traditional way of life often led to conflicts between the Cossacks and Russian authorities. After repeated pogroms by the Cossacks of Serbian settlers, and also in connection with the support of the Cossacks of the Pugachev uprising, Empress Catherine II ordered the disbanding of the Cossack Zaporozhian Sich, which was carried out on the orders of Grigory Potemkin to pacify the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks by General Peter Tekeli in June 1775.
After, however, about five thousand Cossacks fled to the mouth of the Danube, creating the Transdanubian Cossack Sich under the protectorate of the Turkish Sultan, several attempts were made to integrate the remaining twelve thousand Cossacks into Russian army and the society of the future New Russia, but the Cossacks did not want to submit to the requirements of harsh discipline.
In the same time Ottoman Empire, which received additional forces in the person of the Danube Cossacks, threatened with a new war. In 1787, from the former Cossacks, Grigory Potemkin formed the Army of Faithful Cossacks of the Cossacks.
Russo-Turkish War 1787-1792 turned out to be a decisive victory for Russia, the contribution of the Cossacks was significant. As a result of the Iasi Peace, Russia territorially strengthened its influence on southern borders. The new priority was the basis of the land won by the Cossacks and the need of the Cossacks finally disappeared.
In 1784, the Kuban became part of Russia, an uninhabited fertile steppe land that was strategically important for Russia's expansion into the Caucasus, but vulnerable due to the presence of the Circassians. In 1792, Catherine II proposed to the Cossack military ataman Anton Golovaty to move his Cossack army (renamed the Black Sea Cossack army in 1791) to a new frontier.
So by 1793, the Black Sea Cossacks, consisting of 40 kurens (about 25 thousand people), moved as a result of several campaigns. The main task new Cossack army began the creation of a Cossack defensive line along the entire region and the development of the Cossack National economy on the new Cossack lands. Despite the fact that the new Cossack army was significantly reorganized according to the standards of other Cossack troops of the Russian Empire, the Chernomortsy Cossacks were able to preserve many of the traditions of the Zaporozhian Cossacks in the new conditions, for example, free Cossack election and Cossack uniforms.
Initially Cossack territory(until the 1830s) was limited from Taman along the entire right bank of the Kuban to the Laba River. Already by 1860, the Cossack army numbered 200 thousand Cossacks and fielded 12 cavalry Cossack regiments, 9 foot (plastun) Cossack battalions, 4 batteries and 2 guard squadrons of Cossacks.

Linear Cossacks, Linear Cossacks
Lines are Don Cossacks, at the end of the XVIII century, resettled in the Kuban. They inhabited the Caucasian, Labinsk, Maikop and Batalpashinsky departments of the Kuban region.
Ascribed Cossacks, Cossacks
In the first half of the 19th century, state peasants, cantonists and retired soldiers who were enrolled in the Cossacks moved to the Kuban. Sometimes they settled in existing villages, sometimes they formed new ones.
Organization of the Cossacks
The Kuban Cossacks were a free paramilitary agricultural population. At the head of the Kuban Cossack army was the chief ataman (at the same time - the head of the Kuban region), who militarily enjoyed the rights of the head of the division, and in civil terms - the rights of the governor. He appointed atamans of departments, to whom the elected atamans of villages and farms were subordinate. supreme body The stanitsa power was the stanitsa gathering, which elected the ataman and the board (consisted of the ataman and two elected judges, from 1870 - ataman, judges, assistant ataman, clerk, treasurer). Stanitsa societies performed various duties: military, "general search" (maintenance of postal stations, repair of roads and bridges, etc.), stanitsa (maintenance of "flying mail", escort of prisoners, guard duty, etc.). In 1890, the day of the military holiday was established - August 30. From 1891, the Cossacks elected additional judges, who were the cassation instance on the decisions of the stanitsa courts.
Publications of the Cossacks in 1863-1917 came out "Kuban Military Bulletin"; in 1914-1917 - the magazine "Kuban Cossack Bulletin" and other publications.
Cossacks in 1916 accounted for 43% of the population of the Kuban region (1.37 million people), that is, less than half. Most of the arable land belonged to the Cossacks. The Cossacks opposed themselves to the non-Cossack part of the population. The attitude towards out-of-town ("hamsels") peasants was arrogant and dismissive. By this time there were 262 villages and 246 farms. The bulk of their population were Cossacks. Nonresident for the most part lived in cities and villages.
The Kuban Cossacks had a high literacy rate for the 20th century - more than 50%. Schools appeared among the Kuban Cossacks in the 18th century.

Story
1792 The first Zaporizhian Cossacks, who were renamed in 1791 as Black Sea Cossacks, arrive in Taman Cossacks.
1793 The city of the Cossacks Yekaterinodar was founded.
1796 Two regiments of the Cossacks were sent on a "Persian campaign", as a result of which the Cossacks lost half of their composition from hunger and disease. This caused in 1797 the so-called "Persian revolt" of the Black Sea Cossacks who returned to the Kuban.
1812 in the Patriotic War participated in the 9th foot regiment of the Cossacks, the 1st combined cavalry regiment of the Cossacks and the Life Guards of the Cossacks Black Sea Cossack Hundred.
1828 Storming of the Turkish fortress of Anapa by the Cossacks.
1853-1856 During Crimean War the Black Sea Cossacks, represented by the Cossacks, successfully repulsed the attacks of the Anglo-French landings off the coast of Taman, and the 2nd and 8th Plastun (foot) battalions took part in the defense of Sevastopol by the Cossacks.
1860 Composition of the Cossack troops: 22 Cossack cavalry regiments, 3 Cossack squadrons, 13 Cossack foot battalions and 5 Cossack batteries.
1865 The Kuban Cossack army was granted the St. George Banner “for the Caucasian War”, and a number of Cossack regiments were awarded the St. George Banners (11th and 17th - “for distinction in Turkish war” and “in cases against the highlanders in 1828-1829 and during the conquest of the Western Caucasus by the Cossacks in 1864”).
1873 A detachment of Kuban Cossacks participated in Khiva campaign to Central Asia.
1877-1878 Cossacks fought in the war with Turkey, fought in Bulgaria. The Cossacks especially distinguished themselves in the defense of Shipka, Bayazet, the capture of Kars and in actions against the Turks in Abkhazia. For this, a number of Cossack units were awarded St. George's standards.
1881 Three regiments of Kuban Cossacks participated in the capture of the Turkmen fortress Geok-Tepe.
1904-1905 Kuban Cossacks participated in Russo-Japanese War. In May 1905, the Cossacks under the command of General P. I. Mishchenko during a horse raid captured 800 Japanese soldiers and destroyed the enemy’s artillery depot.
1914 Number of troops: 11 cavalry regiments and 1 division, 2.5 guard hundreds, 6 scout battalions, 5 batteries, 12 teams and 1 hundred militia (up to 19 thousand people in total)
History World War I. The Kuban Cossack army fielded 37 cavalry regiments and 1 division, 2.5 guard hundreds, 22 plastun battalions, 6 batteries, 49 different hundreds and 6 half-hundreds, 12 teams (about 90 thousand people in total).
1917-1920 Big mass Cossacks, led by the Kuban Rada, supported the idea of ​​Kuban independence, as well as the Volunteer Army of General A.I. Denikin.
1918 The leadership of the Cossacks supported the idea of ​​uniting the Kuban with the Ukrainian Power of Hetman Skoropadsky as a federation. Ambassadors were immediately sent to Kyiv, but the unification was not destined to come true, since Yekaterinodar was occupied by the Red Army, and after a while the power of Skoropadsky fell under the onslaught of the troops of the Directory.
1918-1920 On January 28, 1918, the Kuban Rada proclaimed an independent Kuban region on the lands of the former Kuban region. people's republic with its capital in Yekaterinodar, which existed until 1920.
1920 The Republic and the Army are abolished.
1920-1932 Repression and dispossession.
1932-1933 Famine. Mass evictions.

Cossacks ... A very special social stratum, estate, class. Its own, as experts would say, subculture: the manner of dressing, speaking, behaving. Peculiar songs. A sharpened concept of honor and dignity. Pride in one's own identity. Courage and dashing in the most terrible battle. For some time now, the history of Russia has been unimaginable without the Cossacks. Here are just the current "heirs" - for the most part, "mummers", impostors. Regrettably, the Bolsheviks really "tried" to uproot the real Cossacks to the root back in. Those who were not destroyed were rotted in prisons and camps. Alas, the destroyed cannot be returned. To honor traditions and not become Ivans, not remembering kinship ...

History of the Don Cossacks

Oddly enough, but even known exact date birth Don Cossacks. She became January 3, 1570. , having defeated the Tatar khanates, in fact, provided the Cossacks with every opportunity to settle in new territories, settle and take root. The Cossacks were proud of their freedom, although they took an oath of allegiance to one or another king. The kings, in turn, were in no hurry to enslave this dashing gang completely.

During the Time of Troubles, the Cossacks turned out to be very active and active. However, they often took the side of one or another impostor, and by no means stood guard over statehood and the law. One of the famous Cossack chieftains - Ivan Zarutsky - even himself was not averse to reigning in Moscow. In the 17th century, the Cossacks actively explored the Black and Azov Seas.

In a sense, they have become sea ​​pirates, corsairs, terrifying on merchants and merchants. The Cossacks often found themselves next to the Cossacks. officially included the Cossacks in the Russian Empire, obliged them to the sovereign service, canceled the election of chieftains. The Cossacks began to take an active part in all the wars waged by Russia, in particular, with Sweden and Prussia, as well as in the First World War.

Many of the Don people did not accept the Bolsheviks and fought against them, and then went into exile. Well-known figures of the Cossack movement - and A.G. Shkuro - actively collaborated with the Nazis during the Second World War. In the era of Gorbachev's perestroika, they started talking about the revival of the Don Cossacks. However, on this wave there was a lot of muddy foam, following fashion, outright speculation. To date, almost none of the so-called. Don Cossacks, and even more so chieftains, by origin and by rank, are not.

History of the Kuban Cossacks

The emergence of the Kuban Cossacks dates back to a later time than the Don Cossacks - only to the second half of the 19th century. The place of deployment of the Kuban was the North Caucasus, the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, the Rostov Region, Adygea and Karachay-Cherkessia. The center was the city of Ekaterinodar. Seniority belonged to the koshevoy and kuren chieftains. Later, one or another Russian emperor began to appoint the supreme chieftains personally.

Historically, after Catherine II disbanded the Zaporozhian Sich, several thousand Cossacks fled to Black Sea coast and tried to restore the Sich there, under the auspices of the Turkish Sultan. Later, they again turned to face the Fatherland, made a significant contribution to the victory over the Turks, for which they were granted the lands of Taman and Kuban, and the lands were given to them for eternal and hereditary use.

Kuban can be described as a free paramilitary association. The population was engaged agriculture, led a settled way of life, and fought only for state needs. Newcomers and fugitives from the central regions of Russia were willingly accepted here. They mixed with local population and became "theirs".

In the fire of revolution and civil war the Cossacks were forced to constantly maneuver between the Reds and the Whites, looking for a "third way", trying to defend their identity and independence. In 1920, the Bolsheviks finally abolished both the Kuban army and the Republic. Massive repressions, evictions, famine and dispossession followed. Only in the second half of the 1930s the Cossacks were partially rehabilitated, the Kuban choir was restored. The Cossacks fought on an equal footing with others, mainly together with the regular units of the Red Army.

History of the Terek Cossacks

Terek Cossacks arose approximately at the same time as the Kuban one - in 1859, according to the date of the defeat of the troops of the Chechen Imam Shamil. In the Cossack power hierarchy, the Tertsy were the third in seniority. They settled along such rivers as Kura, Terek, Sunzha. Headquarters of the Terek Cossack army - the city of Vladikavkaz. The settlement of the territories began in the 16th century.

The Cossacks were in charge of the protection of the border territories, but they themselves sometimes did not disdain raids on the possessions of the Tatar princelings. The Cossacks often had to defend themselves from mountain raids. However, close proximity to the highlanders brought the Cossacks not only negative emotions. The Tertsy adopted some linguistic expressions from the highlanders, and in particular the details of clothing and ammunition: cloaks and hats, daggers and sabers.

centers of concentration Terek Cossacks the cities of Kizlyar and Mozdok were founded. In 1917, the Tertsy self-proclaimed independence and established a republic. With the final establishment of Soviet power, the Tertsy suffered the same dramatic fate as the Kuban and Donets: mass repressions and eviction.

• In 1949, the lyrical comedy directed by Ivan Pyryev "Kuban Cossacks" was released on the Soviet screen. Despite the obvious varnishing of reality and the smoothing of socio-political conflicts, the mass audience fell in love with it, and the song “What were you like” is performed from the stage to this day.
• Interestingly, the very word "Cossack" in translation from the Turkic language means a free, freedom-loving, proud person. So the name stuck to these people, to know, is far from accidental.
• The Cossack does not bow to any authorities, he is fast and free, like the wind.

In 1775, the free Cossacks of the Zaporizhzhya Sich decided to submit to the Russian Empire. This is how the Kuban Cossacks appeared, which today remains faithful to the oath given at the end of the 18th century.

Then, at the behest of Empress Catherine II, all settlements Zaporozhye Cossacks were destroyed, and the very word "Sich" was forbidden to pronounce.

Part of the free Cossacks went to Turkey, where the "New Sich" was created. But far from all the Cossacks went to "foreign shores", many decided to officially serve Russia, receiving salaries and lands for this.

Little Russia needed people who would guard the empty border of the Black Sea. One of the first who advocated the creation of a new Cossack army was Prince Potemkin-Tauride.

The favorite of the empress called for the service of the Cossacks. From their number, the Black Sea Cossack army was formed. Soon the Cossacks led by Sidor Bely, Zakhary Chepega and Anton Golovaty distinguished themselves in the war with Turkey: they took Izmail and Ochakov.

For courage and devotion, the Black Sea Cossacks were granted new lands on Taman. The rescript of Empress Catherine II said: "The army of the faithful Black Sea Cossacks was granted the island of Phanagoria with lands between the Kuban and the Sea of ​​Azov." The award was also a military banner with the inscription "For Faith and Loyalty" and the right to trade in wine and goods.

Since that time, the Cossacks forever said goodbye to Ukraine. More than 20,000 Cossacks arrived in the Kuban, and they took up colonization. Dozens of villages were built, which the Black Sea people called kurens. The newborn capital was christened in honor of the Empress - Ekaterinodar.

On the territory of the Black Sea Cossacks, the Khoperskys and Cossacks of the line lived. They, like the Cossacks, were sent here to populate empty lands and guard the border.

At Black Sea Troops had its own flotilla, consisting of frigates, longboats, yachts and boats. Fame came to them in 1811, when the guards hundred became famous for their feat near Leipzig.

The Black Sea people participated in the wars against Turkey, suppressed Polish uprising, I had to fight a lot in the Caucasian war. long and bloody war with the highlanders demanded control over the conquered territories. By the end of the war, a decision was made to divide the Caucasian Cossack line and create two troops - Terek and Kuban.

In 1860, the Kuban Cossack army began its history, to which the Black Sea army was also attached. Major General Nikolai Ivanov was appointed the first ataman. The seniority of the troops has been considered since 1896. It was then that the Khopersky regiment was formed from the Don Cossacks, which later became part of the Kuban troops.

A new Cossack army was formed from the Zaporizhzhya and Linear Cossacks, which was located on the territory of the modern Krasnodar Territory, part of the Stavropol Territory, Adygea and Karachay-Cherkessia.

The Kuban Cossacks participated in all the wars of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. For their military merits, they repeatedly received awards from the hands of the emperors themselves. But the Cossack duties extended not only to military service, but also to the repair of roads, the maintenance of postal stations and village buildings, and much more. As a reward for all these efforts, a land allotment from 7 to 9 acres was given.

But the Kuban people were not proud of wealth, silver and gold. The Cossacks were famous for their valor and courage, and their army - for centuries-old traditions and culture. “I didn’t drink Kuban water - I didn’t eat Cossack porridge,” they said, recalling that the Cossacks are a way of life where honor and loyalty were above all.

By the beginning of the Civil War, the Kuban Cossack army was about 1.5 million people. In revolutionary times, the Kuban sided with the White movement.

In 1920, tens of thousands of Cossacks, led by Ataman Naumenko, were forced to emigrate. But the descendants of the Cossacks live in the Krasnodar Territory even now, trying to revive the glory of the Kuban army. Loyal to their land, people to this day sing a song dedicated to the Kuban:

Remembering you here
Can't stand up for you
Is it for your old glory
Shouldn't you give your life?
We, as our humble tribute,
From glorified banners
We send you, dear Kuban,
Bow to the damp earth.

The Cossacks in the Kuban are part of the Russian Cossacks of the North Caucasus, who today inhabit the territories of the Krasnodar Territory, the western part of the Stavropol Territory and the south of the Rostov Region, as well as the Republics of Adygea and Karachay-Cherkessia.

The military headquarters of the Kuban Cossacks is the city of Krasnodar (formerly Ekaterinodar). The Kuban army was created in 1860, on the basis of the Black Sea Cossack army, adding to it the parts of the Caucasian linear Cossack army, "simplified as unnecessary", after the end of the Caucasian war.
Initially, the Cossack army was ruled by kosh and kuren chieftains, then by chief chieftains, who were personally appointed by the Russian emperor.
The military holiday is celebrated on September 12, the day of St. Alexander Nevsky.

Cossacks

Of course, in quantitative terms, it is far from what it used to be. Its ranks during the October Revolution and the Civil War that followed it, and before that the First World War, thinned significantly. According to the latest data contained in the statistics, there are now 48 thousand Cossacks in the Kuban, and taking into account their family members - just over 150 thousand. Today the Cossacks consist of eight departments, one district, 56 Cossack district societies, 486 primary societies.

Where does the name "Kuban Cossacks" come from?

from their habitats. And it is connected with the great river Kuban, whose sources are in Karachay-Cherkessia. The melt water of one of the seven highest peaks of the world, Elbrus, feeds the three largest rivers of the North Caucasus - the Kuban, Malka and Baksan. By the way, Elbrus has other names - Mingi-Tau (Karach - Balk), Oshkhamakho (Kabard - Cherk.) - a stratovolcano in the Caucasus with a height of 5642 meters above sea level. The length of the Kuban River exceeds 870 kilometers. The area of ​​its basin is 57,900 square kilometers. It is fed by the rivers Laba, Akhtyr, Urup, Karasun, Psekups, Big Zelenchuk. And the Kuban River flows into the Sea of ​​Azov. Although she used to prefer the Black Sea, but suddenly, in times far from us, she abruptly changed course and made friends with the gray-haired Azov. And here it would be appropriate to say - ancient Gorgippia, now the city of Anapa, fantastically won from the whim of the Kuban River. Its gold placer stretches along the sea for as much as forty kilometers, which to a large extent made it possible to declare the All-Russian health resort a family and children's resort.

So here's more about the Cossacks. Until 1917, the Kuban Cossack army united more than 1.3 million people in its ranks and was the second largest in Russia. In total, there were from 4.4 to 6 million Cossacks in the state. Of these, 1.5 million are Don; 589 thousand - Orenburg; 278 thousand - Terek. There were their own Cossacks in Semirechye (Kazakhstan) and even on the banks of the icy Sea of ​​Okhotsk in Kolyma. There is something else to note as well. Kuban is a historical region of the North Caucasus, gravitating towards the river with by the same name and its tributaries. Since the Middle Ages, it belonged to the Nogai Horde, Circassia and the Crimean Khanate. In 1783, the picture changed dramatically. Crimean Khanate was abolished, and the Kuban passed under the crown of the Russian Empire.

Gift of Catherine the Great

There were sovereigns in Russia who multiplied the lands of the state. Among them is Catherine the Second, whom the people called the Great with special reverence. It was she who annexed the Crimea, Tauris and Kuban to the empire. But it is one thing to increase the territory of the country, another thing is to settle in new lands. Protect from the adversary. Thanks to Catherine the Great, the Cossacks in the annexed lands were preserved. On June 30, 1792, the Empress signed the Diploma on granting the Black Sea (Zaporozhye) army of the Kuban lands. For valiant service in the last war with the Turks. That is, the Cossacks, in fact, legally received a donation. And a year later, the military judge Anton Golovaty settled forty incense. The Zaporizhzhya regiments Timoshevsky, Rogovskoy Bryukhovetsky and Kanevsky were born. The queen laid the foundations for the relationship of the Cossacks with the Russian Empire, and they practically survived until 1917. The Cossacks received the right to bear arms, the spirit of freemen, freedom, and these were their privileges. Alas, after 1917 there were few hereditary Cossacks left. After the revolution, the Cossacks, as an ethnic group, was abolished, since many of its representatives fought on the side of the White Guard. Nevertheless, in Siberia, on the Don and in the Kuban, hereditary Cossacks, although in small numbers, still remained. With them, the revival of the Cossacks began. In the Kuban, in particular.

Thanks to Catherine the Great

Recall that during the years of her reign, the so-called "Caucasian Line" was created - a network of fortresses from protection from the Crimean Tatars and mountaineers. It is quite clear that the Cossacks lived in fortresses and carried out military service. The center of this line was Ekaterinograd (Kabardino-Balkaria), founded by Prince Potemkin near the confluence of the Malka and Terek rivers. And it happened in 1783. And earlier there was a fortress Catherine. And the station is with her. In gratitude to the Empress for the land granted to the free Cossacks, they were united in Ekaterinograd. At the direction of the prince, a temple, administrative buildings and a palace for His Serene Highness were built in the new provincial center, a pompous arch that opened the way to Georgia. But in 1822 the status of the city was abolished, and the village acquired the name Ekaterinogradskaya. By the way, Griboedov, Lermontov and Pushkin once visited the fortress. And in the current village in 2001 - President Vladimir Putin himself, who examined the museum of Alexander Sergeevich and other sights. And by the way, the name of the settlement changed several times. In 1777 it was the Catherine's fortress. Since 1786 - Yekaterinograd, the capital of the Caucasian governorship of the Russian Empire in the North Caucasus. Since 1921, with Soviet power- Krasnogradskaya. And in 1991 she was returned historical name- Ekaterinograd. It is located sixteen kilometers from the regional center Prokhladny and 75 kilometers from the well-known city of Nalchik in the country.

However, the Black Sea Cossacks remained very grateful to Catherine the Great for the favors granted and other initiatives in her honor. In 1792, at the behest of the highest ranks, they founded another city on the right bank of the Kuban - Ekaterinodar (from Ekaterina's Gift). True, he received his official status as a race on January 1, 1794. Yekaterinodar is conveniently located - there is little near the main river of the Kuban with the same name, but not so far from the two warm seas of Mother Russia; The Black Sea is located 120 kilometers from it, the Sea of ​​​​Azov - 140. For modern transport - mere trifles. On any weekend, you can come to the seas to rest. But with such a glorious name, the city lasted only 126 years. In 1920, the Bolsheviks renamed it Krasnodar, which today, in fact, is the southern capital of the state. It is 1300 kilometers away from Moscow. According to statistics, more than a million people live in it today. But so far, these statistics are not official. They tried to return the former name to Krasnodar. But many citizens strongly oppose it. However, the issue has not been removed from the agenda.

From the days of the past to the days of today - The roots of the Cossacks from Ivan the Terrible

Before moving on to the modern course of time, let us nevertheless point out the roots of the current Cossacks on the scale of the state. The first mentions of the ethnic group date back to 1443-1444. And this is a segment of the era of Ivan the Terrible. The Cossacks helped Ryazan and the Moscow governors fight off the invasion of the Tatar prince Mustafa. And surprisingly, not on horseback, but on skis. And since 1549, for example, the Don Cossacks, who then switched to a settled way of life, including in the Kuban, were recruited into the Moscow state service. Since the reign of Ivan the Terrible, the Cossacks began to disturb with their campaigns not only the Nogais in the Volga region, but also the Crimean Tatar uluses, as well as Turkish fortresses. They played an invaluable role in the Moscow campaigns against the Crimeans in the second half of 1550 and defeated the Crimean-Turkish invasion in 1572, where the Don ataman M. Cherkashin distinguished himself. Detachments of the Don Cossacks participated in the fight against the Nogai horde, in the conquest of Kazan and Astrakhan. In many battles Livonian War, in the defense of Pskov. For service to the sovereign received allowance, land on communal law, and sometimes personal land allotments. When organizing guard and stanitsa service in 1571, boyar children were replaced in Ukrainian settlements, who were returned to the regiments. A year earlier, the Cossacks settled a lot on the Crimean border. It should be noted that the Moscow government of the times of Ivan the Terrible, in dealing with free Cossacks, as in the future era of Catherine the Great, showed tact and the ability to negotiate, but in some cases showed a certain firmness. The state and, in particular, the Cossacks did a truly great, purposeful work on the colonization of territories to the east, south and southeast of the historical center of the Moscow state.

In subsequent centuries, the places of settlement of the Cossacks became clearer. In fact, the Kuban Cossacks are part of an ethnic group that is amazing in its influence. in the North Caucasus. Specifically, on the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, the western part of the Stavropol Territory, the Rostov Region plus the Republic of Adygea and the Cossacks of Circassia. Mostly immigrants from Ukraine. The Cossack army was formed in 1860. Based on the Black Sea Cossack Army. In 178 thousand souls of both sexes, including 866 peasants plus the joined Caucasian linear Cossack army - 269 souls of both sexes, including 665 peasants. But it was abolished at the end of the Caucasian War. Recall at the same time - initially the army was controlled by koshevoi and kuren chieftains. The Kuban region was divided into seven departments headed by atamans. At the head of the villages and farms were elected chieftains, approved by the chieftains of departments. Already closer to our times, the administration of the Krasnodar Territory has designated a new date for the celebration of the KKV - September 12, the Day of the Holy Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky. The Kuban Cossack army historically developed from several groups - the Black Sea Cossacks, linear Cossacks and ascribed Cossacks.

Cossacks today are not soldiers

Speaking about today's days, it must be emphasized that now the Kuban Cossack army is not a unit regular army as it was in the past. And the Cossack is not a soldier. But not a commercial organization, a society that includes in its structure the lower Cossack societies - departments, district, district, primary: city, village, farm. And all, we emphasize, the Cossacks are their members in the primary Cossack societies.
Let us recall once again that the current Kuban Cossack army consists of eight departments, one Cossack district, it has 56 district Cossack societies, 486 primary societies and total 48 thousand Cossacks plus wives, children, grandchildren. Total 150 thousand. Let's call the departments - Labinsk, Yeysk, Caucasian, Taman, Maikop, Ekaterinodar, Batalpashinsky (Karachay-Cherkessia). To them must be added the Special Sukhumi Department.

Plus the Black Sea Cossack District, consisting of seven RKOs - Adler, Khosta, Central Sochi, Lazorevskoye, Tuapse, Gelendzhik, Novorossiysk. The Sukhumi special department is located on the territory of the Republic of Abkhazia.

What are modern Kuban Cossacks busy with?

Their responsibilities are very wide. For example, public order. Together with the police (we often see patrols on our streets). There is a patrol service. Cossacks participate in the protection state border. They actively counteract drug trafficking. Engaged in conservation work. Fight against poaching. Help to eliminate the consequences natural Disasters. Preparation of young Cossacks for military service. For the Kuban Cossacks, field training camps are organized annually.
Their task includes painstaking work with youth - patriotic, spiritual, moral education based on Cossack traditions, customs, culture. Work on their revival and preservation. Kuban Cossacks closely interact with the Russian Orthodox Church. By the media. They are also active in the international arena.
The highest official of the Kuban Cossacks is the military ataman. Since 2007, he has been Cossack General Nikolai Aleksandrovich Doluda.

Open Air Museum - "Ataman"

They rightly say: Better times see than hear a hundred times!". How did the Kuban Cossacks used to live and what were they doing? A very clear and convincing answer to the question is given by the tourist ethnographic complex "Ataman". It is located on as many as 60 hectares. On the shore of the Taman Bay. It has been operating since 2009. In fact, this is a life-size Cossack village. It has several streets and 51 courtyards. And even the courtyard of Baba Yaga. And what - this character is also present in the fairy tales of the Cossacks! There is a chapel. Fair Square. The huts of a priest, a shoemaker, a potter, a fisherman. And what you won’t see in the farmsteads - old spinning wheels, sewing machines, irons, kerosene lamps, pottery machines, tongs, home mills, cradles, embroidered down and other pillows. and for three. In "Ataman" Cossack festivals are held - with songs, dances, playing the folk instruments. And you won't have to go hungry. They will feed you with delicious rich Cossack borscht, dumplings with different fillings, other dishes and a glass of vodka will certainly be presented. Walk with free Cossacks and Cossacks!

Kuban Cossacks, Kuban Cossack army- part of the Russian Cossacks of the North Caucasus, inhabiting the territory of the modern Krasnodar Territory, the western part of the Stavropol Territory, as well as the Republics of Adygea and Karachay-Cherkessia. The military headquarters - the city of Ekaterinodar - modern Krasnodar. The army was formed in 1860 on the basis of the Black Sea Cossack army, with the addition of a part of the Caucasian linear Cossack army, which was "simplified as unnecessary." , as a result of the end of the Caucasian war.

Initially, the army was controlled by kosh and kuren (from "kuren") chieftains, later - by chief chieftains appointed by the Russian emperor. The Kuban region was divided into 7 departments, headed by chieftains appointed by the chief chieftain. At the head of the villages and farms were elected chieftains, who were approved by the chieftains of departments.

Seniority since 1696, military holiday - since 1890 appointed by the royal decree on August 28-30. The administration of the Krasnodar Territory has designated a new date for the celebration of the KKV, September 12, the day of St. Alexander Nevsky.

History of the Kuban Cossack army

Postage stamp of Russia, 2010: Kuban Cossack army

Modern sleeve patch VKO KKV

Flag of the Kuban Cossacks

Traditional dance of the Kuban Cossacks, 2000

The Kuban Cossack army historically developed from several various groups Cossacks.

Black Sea Cossacks

By the end of the 18th century, after numerous political victories of the Russian Empire, the priorities for the development of the lands taken from Turkey and Little Russia, which at that time was part of the Russian Empire, and the Little Russians and Cossacks of the Zaporozhian Sich living there, radically changed. With the conclusion of the Kyuchuk-Kainarji Treaty (1774), Russia received access to the Black Sea and the Crimea. In the west, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, weakened by "gentry democracy", was on the verge of partition.

Thus, the further need to maintain the presence of the Cossacks in their historical homeland for the protection of the southern Russian borders has disappeared. At the same time, their traditional way of life often led to conflicts with the Russian authorities. After repeated pogroms by the Cossacks of Serbian settlers, and also in connection with the support of the Cossacks of the Pugachev uprising, Empress Catherine II ordered the Zaporizhzhya Sich to be disbanded, which was carried out on the orders of Grigory Potemkin to pacify the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks by General Peter Tekeli in June 1775.

After, however, about five thousand Cossacks fled to the mouth of the Danube, creating the Transdanubian Sich under the protectorate of the Turkish Sultan, several attempts were made to integrate the remaining 12 thousand Cossacks into the Russian army and society of the future New Russia, but the Cossacks did not want to submit to the requirements of harsh discipline.

At the same time, the Ottoman Empire, which received additional forces in the form of the Danube Cossacks, threatened a new war. In 1787, from the former Cossacks, Grigory Potemkin formed The army of faithful Cossacks.

The Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1792 turned out to be a decisive victory for Russia, the contribution of the Cossacks to the victory was significant. As a result of the Iasi Peace, Russia territorially strengthened its influence on the southern borders. After the conclusion of peace, the "Troops of Faithful Cossacks" were provided with new Russian lands received as a result of the war - along the Black Sea coast between the Dniester and Bug rivers, and the army itself was renamed the "Black Sea Cossack Host". In 1792, at the head of the Cossack delegation, the ataman of the Black Sea Cossack army, Anton Golovaty, went to the capital with the aim of presenting Catherine II with a petition for granting land to the Black Sea Cossack army in the Taman region and "surroundings" in exchange for the selected Sich lands. The negotiations were not easy and long - having arrived in St. Petersburg in March, the delegation waited Supreme Decision I'm at home. Golovaty asked to allocate land to the army not only in Taman and the Kerch Peninsula (which Potemkin had already agreed to in 1788), but also land on the right bank of the Kuban River, then not yet inhabited by anyone. Tsarist dignitaries reprimanded Golovaty: "You demand a lot of land." But it was not in vain that Golovaty was chosen as a representative - his education and diplomacy played a role in the success of the enterprise - at an audience with the "enlightened monarch" Golovaty spoke Latin and managed to convince Catherine of the general benefit of such a resettlement - the Black Sea Cossacks were granted lands on Taman and Kuban "in perpetual and hereditary possession."

By 1793, the Black Sea people, consisting of 40 kurens (about 25 thousand people), moved as a result of several trips to Kuban lands. The main task of the new troops was the creation of a defensive line along the entire region and the development of the national economy in the new lands. Despite the fact that the new army was significantly reorganized according to the standards of other Cossack troops of the Russian Empire, the Black Sea people were able to preserve many of the traditions of the Cossacks under the new conditions, though changing Turkish trousers for more comfortable local clothes: Circassians, etc.

Initially, the territory (until the 1830s) was limited from Taman along the entire right bank of the Kuban to the Laba River. Already by 1860, the army numbered 200 thousand Cossacks and fielded 12 cavalry regiments, 9 foot (plastun) battalions, 4 batteries and 2 guard squadrons.

They made up the majority of the Cossacks in the Yeysk, Yekaterinodar and Temryuk departments of the Kuban region.

Kuban Cossacks

Line Cossacks

linemen called the Cossacks, who, during the formation of the Kuban Cossack army in 1860, left the Caucasian linear Cossack army into a new army.

The first of them is the Kuban regiment, its members were the descendants of the Don and Volga Cossacks who moved to the middle Kuban immediately after the Kuban became part of Russia in the 1780s. Initially, it was planned to resettle most of the Don army, but this decision caused a storm of protests on the Don, and then Anton Golovaty suggested that the Chernomorians leave Budzhak for the Kuban in 1790.

The second is the Khopersky regiment, this group of Cossacks originally lived between the Khoper and Medveditsa rivers since 1444. After the uprising of Bulavin in 1708, the land of the Cossacks was almost cleared by Peter I. Part of the Bulavins who went to the Kuban formed the first outcast Cossacks - the Nekrasov Cossacks, who later went to the Balkans and then to Turkey. Despite the actual cleansing of Khopra in 1716, the Cossacks returned there, who were involved in northern war, and after a pardon from the Voronezh governor, they were allowed to build the Novokhopyorsk fortress. For half a century, the Khopersky regiment has grown again. In the summer of 1777, during the construction of the Azov-Mozdok line, the Khoper Cossacks were resettled in the Middle Caucasus, where they fought against Kabarda and founded the fortress of Stavropol. In 1828, after the subjugation of the Karachais, they settled in the upper Kuban. They formed part of the first Russian expedition to Elbrus in 1829.

After the formation of the Kuban army in 1860, seniority was borrowed from the Khoper Cossacks, as the oldest. In 1696, the Khopers distinguished themselves in the capture of Azov during Azov campaigns Peter I.

A military holiday was also established - August 30, the day of Alexander Nevsky. On the eve of the revolution, the Lineians inhabited the Caucasian, Labinsk, Maikop and Batalpashinsky departments of the Kuban region.

Ascribed Cossacks

In the first half of the 19th century, state peasants, cantonists and retired soldiers who were enrolled in the Cossacks moved to the Kuban. Sometimes they settled in existing villages, sometimes they formed new ones.

Organization

Kuban Cossacks at the May Day parade in 1937

The Kuban Cossacks were a free paramilitary agricultural population. At the head of the Kuban Cossack army was the chief ataman (at the same time - the head of the Kuban region), who militarily enjoyed the rights of the head of the division, and in civil terms - the rights of the governor. He appointed atamans of departments, to whom the elected atamans of villages and farms were subordinate. The highest body of the stanitsa power was the stanitsa gathering, which elected the ataman and the board (consisted of the ataman and two elected judges, since 1870 - ataman, judges, ataman's assistant, clerk, treasurer). Stanitsa societies performed various duties: military, "general search" (maintenance of postal stations, repair of roads and bridges, etc.), stanitsa (maintenance of "flying mail", escort of prisoners, guard duty, etc.). In 1890, the day of the military holiday was established - August 30th. Since 1891, the Cossacks elected additional judges, who were the cassation instance on the decisions of the village courts.

In 1863-1917, the Kuban Military Bulletin was published; in 1914-1917 - the magazine "Kuban Cossack Bulletin", other publications were also printed.

On the eve of 1914, the army had about 1,300,000 Cossacks, 278 villages and 32 farms with total area 6.8 million acres of land. It was divided into 7 sections: Yekaterinodar, Tamansky, Yeisk, Caucasian, Labinsky, Maykop and Batalpashinsky. AT Peaceful time Kuban formed:

• L.-Gv. 1st and 2nd Kuban Cossack hundreds of HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY'S OWN convoy (parking in the city of St. Petersburg);
• 1st Khopersky Her Imperial Highness Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna Regiment, Kuban Cossack Host(1st Caucasian Cossack division, camp in the city of Kutaisi);
• 1st Kuban General-Field Marshal Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich Regiment, Kuban Cossack Host (1st Caucasian Cossack division, camp in the village of Karakurt, Kars region);
• 1st Uman Brigadier Holovaty Regiment, Kuban Cossack Host (1st Caucasian Cossack division, camp in the city of Kars);
• 1st Poltava Ataman Sidor White Regiment, Kuban Cossack Host (2nd Caucasian Cossack division, camp in the village of Kinakiri, Erivan province);
• 1st Labinsky General Zass Regiment, Kuban Cossack Army (2nd Caucasian Cossack division, camp in the Helenendorf colony, near the city of Elizavetpol);
• 1st Black Sea Colonel Bursak 2nd Regiment, Kuban Cossack Host (2nd Caucasian Cossack division, camp in Jalal-ogly, Tiflis province, now Stepanavan);
• 1st Zaporozhye Empress Catherine the Great Regiment, Kuban Cossack Host (2nd Caucasian Cossack division, camp in the city of Kagyzman, Kars region);
• 1st Taman General Bloodless Regiment, Kuban Cossack Host (Transcaspian Cossack brigade, camp in the village of Kashi (near the city of Ashgabat), Transcaspian region);
• 1st Caucasian Viceroy of Yekaterinoslav Field Marshal Prince Potemkin-Tavrichesky Regiment, Kuban Cossack Host(Transcaspian Cossack brigade, camp in the city of Merv, Transcaspian region);
• 1st Line General Velyaminov Regiment, Kuban Cossack Host (former 1st Urupsky; 2nd Cossack consolidated division, parking in the city of Romny);
• 1st Yekaterinodar Koshevo Ataman Chapegi Regiment, Kuban Cossack Host (parking in the city of Ekaterinodar);
• Kuban Cossack Division (parking in the city of Warsaw);
• 1st Kuban Plastun General-Field Marshal Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich Battalion (Kuban plastun brigade, camp in the city of Artvin, Kutaisi province);
• 2nd Kuban Plastun Battalion
• 3rd Kuban Plastun Battalion (Kuban plastunskaya brigade, parking in the city of Pyatigorsk);
• 4th Kuban Plastun Battalion (Kuban plastun brigade, parking in the city of Baku);
• 5th Kuban Plastun Battalion (Kuban plastun brigade, camp in the city of Tiflis);
• 6th Kuban Plastun Battalion (Kuban plastun brigade, camp in the fortification of Gunib, Dagestan region);
• 1st Kuban General-Field Marshal Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich Cossack Battery (parking in the city of Erivan);
• 2nd Kuban Cossack Battery (parking in the village of Sarykamysh, Kars region);
• 3rd Kuban Cossack Battery (parking in the city of Maykop, Kuban region]);
• 4th Kuban Cossack Battery (parking in the village of Kaakhka, Transcaspian region);
• 5th Kuban Cossack Battery (parking in the village of Kinakiri, Erivan province).

During the Great War, 41 cavalry regiments (including 2 highlander regiments), 1 plastun regiment, 2 cavalry divisions, 27 plastun battalions, 50 special cavalry hundreds, 9 cavalry batteries and 1 spare cavalry artillery battery were put up - a total of about 89,000 people. and 45 thousand combat horses. After Russia entered the war with Germany and Austria-Hungary (July 19, 1914), the state requisition of horses from the population was announced on the territory of the Kuban region until the end of hostilities.

Story

17th century

• 1696 - Khoper Cossacks distinguished themselves on May 21, taking part in the defeat Turkish fleet, and on July 17, during the capture of Azov, this date then became the seniority of the Kuban army.

18th century

• 1708 - the departure of the Nekrasovites from Khopra and Don to the Kuban.
• 1700−1721 - participation of the Khoper Cossacks in the Northern War.
• 1777 - construction of the Azov-Mozdok line and resettlement of the Khoper Cossacks.
• 1781 - participation of the Khoper Cossacks in the campaign against Anapa;
• 1787−1791 - participation of the Black Sea Cossacks as part of the Chepega cavalry regiment and the White foot regiment in the Russian-Turkish war.
• 1788 - January 14 - Royal favor was declared to the colonel of the former Zaporizhzhya army Sidor Bely and other foremen of this army, and the Cossacks who repented of their error were allowed to settle on the Taman Peninsula.
• 1788 - February 27 - Count Suvorov granted the Zaporizhzhya army a military banner with the inscription " For faith and loyalty ».
• 1788 - May 13 - the army "Kosha of the faithful Zaporozhian Cossacks" settled on Taman was named " The army of faithful Cossacks of the Black Sea ».
• 1792 - the first Black Sea Cossacks arrived in Taman.
• 1792 - June 30 - the army of the Black Sea Cossacks, "as an expression of special attention and mercy, for courageous deeds on land and on the waters and unflinching loyalty during the successfully ended war with the Port of Otoman", granted Phanagoria Island with lands lying between the Kuban and the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov , "in perpetual possession" and, in addition, 2 silver timpani, 2 silver pipes and military banner For faith and loyalty ».
• 1792−1796 - participation of the Black Sea Cossack regiment in the Russian-Polish war, where he distinguished himself in the capture of Prague in 1794.
• 1793 - the city of Yekaterinodar was founded.
• 1796 - two Black Sea Cossack regiments, together with the Cossacks of the Khopersky and Kuban regiments settled on the Caucasian line, were sent to the Persian campaign, as a result of which they lost half of their composition from hunger and disease. This caused in 1797 the so-called Persian revolt on the part of the Black Sea residents who returned to the Kuban.
• 1799 - October 18 - a flotilla was established under the army of the Black Sea Cossacks.

19th century

A platoon of old Kubans from St. George Knights. From an article on the 200th anniversary of the Kuban army.

• 1800 - Black Sea Cossacks participated in a punitive expedition against the highlanders for raids on their villages.
• 1801 - February 16 - the army was ordered "to signify the service to his Throne" to use the bestowed: military banner " Grace to him ”, 14 regimental banners, mace and pernach.
• 1802 - November 13 - the first Regulation on Black Sea Cossack Army , in the composition ten equestrian and ten foot (5-hundred) plkov, and service with guns and flotilla was also assigned to foot Cossacks.
• 1803 - May 13 - the previous charters were confirmed to the army and 6 more regimental banners were granted.
• 1806−1812 - four Cossack regiments participated in the Russian-Turkish war.
• 1807 - two regiments of the Black Sea Cossacks participated in the capture of Anapa, the regiment of Colonel Lyakh was dressed up for the Crimea and the regiment of Colonel Polivoda for the war with Turkey.
• 1808 - March 12 - ordered to relocate to the lands of the Black Sea army, with enrollment in it, about 15,000 Little Russian Cossacks.
• 1810 - the service of the Cossacks in the flotilla was terminated.
• 1811 - May 18 - formed from the best people of the army Guards Black Sea Hundred , assigned to the Life Guards Cossack Regiment.
• 1812 - the 9th foot regiment of the Black Sea Cossack troops, the 1st combined cavalry regiment of Colonel Plokhoy and the Guards Black Sea Hundred participated in the Patriotic War.
• 1813 - April 25 - for the exploits shown in the Patriotic War, the Guards Black Sea Hundred was ordered to be kept in everything in the position of the Life Guards of the Cossack Regiment.
• 1813 - June 15 - L.-Gds. Silver pipes were granted to the Black Sea Hundred For distinction against the enemy in the past campaign of 1813 ».
• 1813−1814 - participation of the Black Sea Cossacks in foreign campaigns of the Russian Army.
• 1815 - 4 cavalry Black Sea regiments of colonels: Dubonosov, Bursak, Porokhni and Golub were sent on a foreign campaign, but only reached the borders of Poland.
• 1820-1864 - The Black Sea Cossacks, together with the Caucasian linear Cossacks, took part in all campaigns and expeditions against the highlanders in the Caucasus.
• 1820 - April 17 - The Black Sea Cossack army is included in the composition of the troops of the Georgian Corps.
• 1820 - April 19 - 25,000 Little Russian Cossacks were enrolled in the army.
• 1825 - from the Black Sea troops for service dressed up: one cavalry regiment on the Prussian border and eight cavalry and six foot regiments for internal service.
• 1826−1828 - participation of two cavalry regiments of the Black Sea, cavalry artillery company and a special team of five hundred in the Russian-Iranian war.
• 1828−1829 - participation of three Black Sea regiments: one foot colonel Zhitovsky and two horsemen: Zalessky and Zavgorodny (on the Danube), as well as four foot regiments and a horse-artillery company of the Black Sea troops (near the Anapa fortress) in the Russian-Turkish war.
• 1828 - assault on June 12 by the Cossacks of the Turkish fortress of Anapa.
• 1830−1831 - 2 Black Sea cavalry regiments participated in the Russian-Polish war.
• 1831 - December 25 - the schedule of the Black Sea Cossack army was drawn up, consisting of: one L.-Gv. Black Sea Squadron (as part of the Life Guards Cossack Regiment), one Black Sea Cavalry Artillery Cossack No. 4 companies, eleven equestrian and ten foot regiments.
• 1832−1853 - Cossacks take part in the fighting in the Caucasus.
• 1842 - July 1 - a new Regulation on the Black Sea Cossack Host was approved, according to which it is divided into 3 districts: Tamansky, Yekaterinodar and Yeisk and is obliged to show one Life Guards Black Sea Cossack Division, twelve horse regiments, nine foot boots and one horse artillery brigade (from three horse-artillery light batteries and one garrison artillery foot company).
• 1843 - October 10 - the military banner of St. George was granted without an inscription, in commemoration of the 50-year existence of the army and in attention to the useful service of the Black Sea people and their courage.
• 1849 - participation of the Assembly Line Regiment in the Hungarian campaign.
• 1853−1856 - during the Crimean War, the Black Sea Cossacks successfully repulsed the attacks of the Anglo-French landings off the coast of Taman, and the 2nd and 8th Plastun (foot) battalions took part in the defense of Sevastopol.
• 1856−1864 - almost the entire Black Sea Cossack army, along with the Caucasian linear Cossack army, participated in hostilities in the Caucasus.
• 1856 - August 26 - The St. George banner was granted to the Black Sea army For bravery and exemplary service in the war against the French, British and Tours in 1853, 1854, 1855 and 1856 ».
• 1856 - August 30 - L.-Gds. The Black Sea Cossack division was granted the St. George standard in memory of the exploits of L.-Gds. Cossack regiment, to which he belonged.
• 1857 - April 12 - L-Guards. Silver pipes were granted to the Black Sea division: “ L.-Gv. The Black Sea Cossack division for the difference rendered by the guards hundred against the enemy in 1813, as part of the L.-Gds. Cossack regiment».
• 1860 - November 19 - renaming of the Black Sea Cossack army in Kuban Cossack army , with the addition of the latter to in full force first six bridad, foot battalion and two horse batteries of the Caucasian linear Cossack army.
• 1860 - composition of the Army: 22 cavalry regiments, 3 squadrons, 13 foot battalions and 5 batteries.
• 1861 - A combined line regiment and two Kuban cavalry regiments participated in the suppression of the Polish rebellion.
• 1861 February 2 - the Life Guards Black Sea Cossack Division was ordered, having connected with the Life Guards the Caucasian Line Cossack squadron of His Majesty's Own convoy, to reorganize into L.-Gv. 1st, 2nd and 3rd Caucasian squadrons of His Majesty's Own convoy , in which to have 3/4 of the Cossacks of the Kuban army and 1/4 of the Terek army. Standard and silver trumpets of the L.-Gds. The Black Sea Cossack division was ordered to have with the squadron that is in the service.
• 1862 - May 10 - in order to populate the foothills of the Western Caucasus, it was ordered to resettle there 12,400 people of the Kuban Cossacks, 800 people, 2,000 state peasants (including the Little Ossian Cossacks) and 600 married people of the lower ranks Caucasian army, including everyone in the Kuban army.
• 1864 - October 11 - for the resettlement of most of the Cossacks to the Kuban region Azov army , this army, as an independent one, was abolished and its banners were ordered to be transferred to the Kuban army.
• 1865 - July 20 - The St. George banner was granted to the Kuban Cossack army For the Caucasian War ", A number of regiments (10th and 11th, 12th and 13th, 14th and 15th, 16th and 17th, 18th and 19th, 20th and 21st, 22nd) - St. George banners" ", with the preservation of the previous inscriptions; all other regiments, foot battalions and horse artillery batteries of the Kuban Cossack army - insignia for headgear " For distinction during the conquest of the Western Caucasus in 1864 » .
• 1867 - October 7 - Terek Cossacks L.-Gds. allocated to a special squadron, and from the Kuban made up L.-Gv. 1st and 2nd Caucasian Kuban Cossack squadrons of His Majesty's Own convoy .
• 1870 - August 1 - a new regulation on military service and on the maintenance of combat units of the Kuban Cossack army was approved, according to which the composition of the army in ordinary peacetime was determined as follows: 1) two L.-Gv. Kuban Cossack squadron of HIS MAJESTY'S OWN convoy; 2) ten horse regiments; 3) two foot scout battalions; 4) five horse artillery batteries, 5) one division in Warsaw and 6) one educational division.
• 1873 - part of the Yeysk regiment of the Kuban army participated in the Khiva campaign in Central Asia.
• 1874 - March 28 - the seniority of the Kuban Cossack army was established for the Khopersky regiment from 1696, the regiments: Urupsky - from 1858, Labinsky - from 1842 and Kuban - from 1732, and the rest of the regiments and battalions - from 1788. No special seniority was assigned to batteries.
• 1877−1878 - on the occasion of the war with Turkey, the entire Kuban army took part in hostilities, the Cossacks fought in Bulgaria; they especially distinguished themselves in the defense of Shipka (scouts), Bayazet (two hundred Umanets), in the defense of the Zorsky pass, in the Deva-Boynu and in the capture of Kars, and, likewise, in suppressing the uprising of the highlanders in Dagestan and in actions against the Turks in Abkhazia . For this, a number of Cossack units were awarded the St. George standards.
• 1880 - August 30 - The St. George banner was granted to the troops " For distinction in the Turkish war of 1877 and 1878 ».
• 1881 - three regiments of the Kuban army: Tamansky, Poltava and Labinsk took part in the capture of the Turkmen fortress Geok-Tepe.
• 1882 - June 24 - a new regulation on the military service of the Kuban Cossack army was approved, according to which its service staff is divided into 3 categories, of which the combatant, in addition, into 3 lines. The troops are ordered to be put into service: 1) in peacetime: two squadrons of His Majesty's escort, ten cavalry regiments, one cavalry division, two battalions of scouts and five cavalry artillery batteries; 2) in war time, besides these parts, more: twenty cavalry regiments and four battalions of scouts.
• 1890 - December 24 - the day of the military holiday is established: August 30 .
• 1891 - March 12 - the squadrons of the convoy are named L.-Gv. 1st and 2nd Kuban Cossack Hundreds of His Own Imperial Majesty convoy .
• 1896 - September 8 - in commemoration of the special Monarch's favor for loyalty and devotion to the Throne and the Fatherland, the army was granted: St. George's military banner "In memory of the 200-year existence of the Kuban Cossack army » « 1696-1896" with the anniversary Alexander ribbon - to the Kuban Cossack army. St. George banner "' For distinction in the Turkish War and in deeds against the Highlanders in 1828 and 1829 and during the conquest of the Western Caucasus in 1864'» « 1696-1896 - 1st Khopersky Her Imperial Highness Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna Regiment; St. George Banner For distinction during the conquest of the Western Caucasus in 1864 » « 1696-1896 "- 2nd Khopersky regiment; a simple banner For fighting in the Turkish war and in cases against the Highlanders in 1828 and 1829 » « 1696-1896 "- to the 3rd Khopersky regiment, all three - with commemorative Alexander ribbons.

20th century

Kuban Cossacks on the side of Germany

• 1904−1905 - about 2 thousand Kuban Cossacks participated in the Russo-Japanese War. In May 1905, the Cossacks under the command of General P. I. Mishchenko during a horse raid captured 800 Japanese soldiers and destroyed the enemy’s artillery depot.
• 1904 - August 26 - in eternal preservation and reminder of the glorious names of the commanders of the Kuban army, who led it to victories, it was ordered to give the first order regiments: Tamansky, Poltava, Umansky, Ekaterinodarsky, Labinsk and Urupsky names: General Bezkrovny, Kosh Ataman Sidor Bely, Brigadier Golovaty, Kosh Ataman Chepega, General Zass and General Velyaminov.
• 1905-1906 - the entire second line of the Kuban army was mobilized to maintain order within the Empire.
• 1910 - April 22 - in eternal preservation and reminder of the glorious name of the organizer of the Yekaterinoslav and Black Sea troops Viceroy of Yekaterinoslavsky, Field Marshal Prince Potemkin-Tavrichesky , it was ordered to give his name to the 1st Caucasian regiment of the Kuban Cossack army.
• 1910 - August 8 - in memory of the services to Russia of the glorious Zaporozhye Cossacks, long time who carried frontier service, and in memory of the founder of the Black Sea army, it was commanded to name the 1st Yeysk regiment of the Kuban Cossack army 1st Zaporozhye Empress Catherine the Great Regiment, Kuban Cossack Host , and the 2nd and 3rd Yeysk regiments - to name 2nd and 3rd Zaporozhye .
• 1911 - May 18 - St. George's Standard was granted For distinction in the defeat and expulsion of the enemy from Russia in 1812 and for the feat shown in the battle of Leipzig on October 4, 1813» « 1811-1911 » L.-Gv. 1st and 2nd Kuban hundreds of His Imperial Majesty's Own convoy, with the jubilee St. Andrew's ribbon.
• 1914 - the number of troops: 11 cavalry regiments and 1 division, 2.5 guard hundreds, 6 battalions of scouts, 5 batteries, 12 teams and 1 hundred militia (up to 19 thousand people in total).
• 1914−1918 World War I. The Kuban Cossack army fielded 37 cavalry regiments and 1 separate Cossack division, 2.5 guard hundreds, 24 plastun battalions and 1 separate plastun battalion, 6 batteries, 51 different hundreds, 12 teams (about 90 thousand people in total).
• 1917−1920 - part of the Cossacks, led by the Kuban Rada, supported the idea of ​​the independence of the Kuban. Another part, led by the chieftain of the regiment. A.P. Filimonov in alliance with Volunteer army advocated the slogan "United and indivisible Russia".
• 1918 - the leadership of the Cossacks supported the idea of ​​uniting the Kuban with the Ukrainian Power of Hetman Skoropadsky as a federation. Ambassadors were immediately sent to Kyiv, but the unification was not destined to come true, since Yekaterinodar was occupied by the Red Army, and after a while the power of Skoropadsky fell under the onslaught of the troops of the Directory.
• 1918−1920 - On January 28, 1918, the Kuban Rada proclaimed an independent Kuban People's Republic with its capital in Ekaterinodar, which existed until 1920, on the lands of the former Kuban region. Immediately after the execution of the Chairman of the Kuban Cossack Rada, Kulabukhov, on the orders of Denikin, for refusing to transfer the gold of the Rada, the Cossacks, one by one and in whole units, began to withdraw from the front and go home, and the White Guards rolled away from Moscow.
• 1920 - The Republic and the Army are abolished.
• 1920−1932 - repression and dispossession.
• 1932-1933 - famine and mass evictions (see "Black Boards").
• After 1933, repressive measures against the Cossacks were abolished, the Kuban Cossack choir was restored, and the Cossack units of the Red Army were formed.

During the Great Patriotic War, with the threat of the occupation of the Kuban, a whole corps was created, which consisted of about 20 thousand Kuban Cossacks. There were also Kuban units on the side of the Third Reich, a special contribution to the creation of which was made by Andrey Shkuro.

In the late 1940s the feature film "Kuban Cossacks" was released on the screens.

• January 9-10, 1956 - riots in the city of Novorossiysk. When a group of Kuban Cossacks was detained, a fight broke out between them and the police, which formed a huge crowd (about 1000 people) threw stones at the police station, broke into it and attacked employees, attacked the building of the State Bank, tried to break into the post office. Several people were killed, 3 policemen and 2 soldiers were injured, 15 Cossacks were detained. [ source not specified 544 days]
• 1961 riots in the city of Krasnodar due to rumors about the beating of a serviceman by police officers during detention for violation of wearing a uniform. The events involved 1300 Cossacks, who surrounded the building of the GOVD. Applied during acceleration firearms, 1 person was killed. 24 participants in the unrest were brought to criminal responsibility. [ source not specified 544 days]
• December 1980-9 KGB note to the secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPSU “On negative processes in the Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Region”: “Among a certain part of the indigenous population of the KChAO, negative processes are noted, characterized by nationalist, anti-Russian sentiments. On this basis, antisocial manifestations take place, as well as criminal offenses ... Daring hooligan antics, rape and group fights, sometimes threatening to turn into riots.
• On August 28, 1991, the Regional Public Organization “Kuban Cossack Circle “Kruglik” was registered in the Department of Justice of the Krasnodar Territory under No. 61.

Kuban Cossack Association "Russia" 09/24/91 for No. 75 Rada (All-Kuban Cossack Host) 08/27/93 for No. 307 Kuban Cossack Host 05/15/92. for number 284

• In the early 1990s The "Kuban Cossack Army" formed by the Cossacks, headed by Ataman Vladimir Gromov, declared itself the successor to the historical Army. The new army showed itself in Georgian-Abkhaz war, breaking first into Sukhum in 1993. Today, the VKO "Kuban Cossack Army" has about 30 thousand fighters in the register. AT armed forces separate Cossack units appear for contract soldiers and conscripts from Cossack families [ source not specified 1024 days] .

XXI Century

• 2008 Nikolai Doluda, vice-governor of the Krasnodar Territory, was elected the new Ataman of the Kuban Cossack Army, at the initiative of Governor Alexander Tkachev.

Kuban Cossacks in Moscow at the 1945 Victory Parade

Troop organization

• 1st Khopersky Her Imperial Highness Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna Regiment
• 1st Kuban General Field Marshal Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich Regiment
• 1st Zaporozhye Empress Catherine the Great Regiment
• 1st Ekaterinodarsky Koshevogo Ataman Chepegi Regiment
• 1st Poltava Koshevoy Ataman Sidor Bily Regiment
• 1st Caucasian Viceroy of Yekaterinoslav General-Field Marshal Prince Potemkin-Tauride
• 1st Uman Brigadier Holovaty Regiment
• 1st Taman General Bloodless Regiment
• 1st Labinsky General Zass Regiment
• 1st Line General Velyaminov Regiment
• 1st Black Sea Colonel Bursak 2nd Regiment

• Kuban Cossack division:
  • 1st Kuban Plastun Battalion
  • 2nd Kuban Plastun Battalion
  • 3rd Kuban Plastunsky battalion
  • 4th Kuban Plastun Battalion
  • 5th Kuban Plastun Battalion
  • 6th Kuban Plastun Battalion

• Kuban Cossack artillery:
  • 1st Kuban Cossack Battery
  • 2nd Kuban Cossack Battery
  • 3rd Kuban Cossack Battery
  • 4th Kuban Cossack Battery
  • 5th Kuban Cossack Battery

• Kuban local teams
  • His Imperial Majesty's Own Escort. 1 and 2 hundred. Seniority 05/18/1811. The general holiday of the convoy is October 4, the day of St. Erofei. Dislocation - Tsarskoye Selo (1.02.1913). The bulk of the ranks of the Convoy (including officers) shaved their heads. The general suit of horses is bay (grey for trumpeters).

Population

Cossacks in 1916 accounted for 43% of the population of the Kuban region (1.37 million people), that is, a little less than half. Most of the arable land belonged to the Cossacks. The Cossacks opposed themselves to the non-Cossack part of the population. Attitude to nonresident ("gamselam"), peasants was arrogant and disdainful. By this time there were 262 villages and 246 farms. The bulk of their population were Cossacks. Non-residents mostly lived in cities and villages. Believing Kuban Cossacks are Orthodox.

Quite high for the beginning of the 20th century was the literacy rate of the Kuban Cossacks - more than 50%. The first schools appeared among the Kuban Cossacks at the end of the 18th century.

Administration of the Kuban army

Yeysk Cossack Department of the KKV

Corresponds to the old Yeysk department of the Kuban region. 7 RKO, headquarters - Yeysk

• Yeysk RKO - covers the Yeysk district of the Krasnodar Territory, headquarters - the city of Yeysk.
• Shcherbinsk RKO - covers the Shcherbinovsky district of the Krasnodar Territory, the headquarters - the station of Staroshcherbinovskaya
• Starominsk RKO - covers the Starominsk district of the Krasnodar Territory, the headquarters - the station of Starominskaya
• Kushchevskoye RKO - covers Kushchevskaya district of the Krasnodar Territory, headquarters - station Kushchevskaya
• Kanev RKO - covers the Kanev district of the Krasnodar Territory, the headquarters of the station Kanevskaya
• Uman RKO - covers the Leningradsky district of the Krasnodar Territory, the headquarters of the Leningradskaya station (until 1934 - Umanskaya)
• Krylovskoye RKO - covers the Krylovskaya district of the Krasnodar Territory, headquarters - station Krylovskaya
• Pavlovsky RKO - covers Pavlovsky district (Krasnodar Territory), headquarters - Pavlovskaya station

Caucasian Cossack Department of the KKV

Corresponds to the old Caucasian department of the Kuban region. 10 RKO, headquarters - Tikhoretsk

• Bryukhovetsky RKO - covers the Bryukhovetsky district of the Krasnodar Territory, the headquarters of the station Bryukhovetskaya
• Timashevskoye RKO - covers the Timashevsk district of the Krasnodar Territory, headquarters - Timashevsk
• Korenovsky RKO - covers the Korenovsky district of the Krasnodar Territory, headquarters - the city of Korenovsk
• Vyselkovskoye RKO - covers the Vyselkovsky district of the Krasnodar Territory, the headquarters of the village of Vyselki
• Tikhoretsk RKO - covers the Tikhoretsky district of the Krasnodar Territory, headquarters - Tikhoretsk
• Novopokrovskoye RKO - covers the Novopokrovskiy district of the Krasnodar Territory, the headquarters - the station Novopokrovskaya
• Beloglinskoye RKO - covers the Beloglinsky district of the Krasnodar Territory, the headquarters is the village of Belaya Glina
• Tbilisi RKO - covers the Tbilisi district of the Krasnodar Territory, the headquarters of the station Tbilisskaya
• Caucasian RKO - covers the Caucasian region of the Krasnodar Territory, headquarters - Kropotkin
• Gulkevichsky RKO - covers the Gulkevichsky district of the Krasnodar Territory, headquarters - the city of Gulkevichi

Taman Cossack Department of the KKV

Corresponds to the old Taman department of the Kuban region. 8 RKO. Headquarters - Krymsk

• Primorsko-Akhtarskoye RKO - covers the Primorsko-Akhtarsky district of the Krasnodar Territory, headquarters - the city of Primorsko-Akhtarsk
• Kalinin RKO - covers the Kalinin district of the Krasnodar Territory, the headquarters of the station Kalininskaya
• Slavyansk RKO - covers the Slavyansky district of the Krasnodar Territory, headquarters - Slavyansk-on-Kuban
• Poltava RKO - covers the Krasnoarmeisky district of the Krasnodar Territory, headquarters - station Poltavskaya
• Temryuk RKO - covers the Temryuk district of the Krasnodar Territory, headquarters - the city of Temryuk
• Anapa RKO - covers the territory of the urban district of Anapa, headquarters - the city of Anapa
• Crimean RKO - covers the Krymsky district of the Krasnodar Territory, headquarters - Krymsk
• Abinsk RKO - covers the Abinsk district of the Krasnodar Territory, headquarters - the city of Abinsk

Yekaterinodar Cossack Department of the KKV

Partially corresponds to the old Ekaterinodar department of the Kuban region. 5 RKO. Headquarters - Krasnodar (until 1920 - Yekaterinodar)

• Ust-Labinsk RKO - covers the Ust-Labinsk district of the Krasnodar Territory, headquarters - Ust-Labinsk
• Dinskoye RKO - covers the Dinskoy district of the Krasnodar Territory, the headquarters of the station Dinskaya
• RKO Yekaterinodar Cossack society- covers the territory of the urban district of the city of Krasnodar, there is also a headquarters.
• Seversky RKO - covers the Seversky district of the Krasnodar Territory, the headquarters of the Severskaya station
• Goryacheklyuchevskoye RKO - the territory of the Goryachiy Klyuch urban district, headquarters - Goryachiy Klyuch

Maikop Cossack Department of the KKV

Partially corresponds to the Maykop department of the Kuban region. 8 RKO. Headquarters - Maykop

• Krasnogvardeyskoye RKO - covers the Krasnogvardeysky district of the Republic of Adygea, headquarters - the village of Krasnogvardeyskoye
• Belorechenskoye RKO - covers the Belorechensky district of the Krasnodar Territory, headquarters - Belorechensk
• Apsheronsk RKO - covers the Apsheronsky district of the Krasnodar Territory, headquarters - Apsheronsk
• Giaginskoye RKO - covers the Giaginsky district of the Republic of Adygea, the headquarters - the village of Giaginskaya
• RKO of the city of Maikop - covers the territory of the urban district of Maikop, there is also a headquarters.
• Maykop RKO - covers the Maikop district of the Republic of Adygea, the headquarters - the urban-type settlement of Tulsky
• Koshekhablsky RKO - covers the Koshekhablsky and Teuchezhsky districts of the Republic of Adygea, the headquarters is the village of Koshekhabl
• Mostovskoe RKO - covers the Mostovsky district of the Krasnodar Territory, the headquarters - the urban-type settlement of Mostovskoy

Labinsk Cossack Department of the KKV

Corresponds to the old Labinsk department of the Kuban region. 6 RKO. Headquarters - Armavir

• Kurganinsk RKO - covers the Kurganinsky district of the Krasnodar Territory, headquarters - Kurganinsk
• Novokubansk RKO - covers the Novokubansky district of the Krasnodar Territory, headquarters - Novokubansk
• Armavir RKO - covers the territory of the city district of Armavir, headquarters - the city of Armavir
• Uspenskoye RKO - covers the Uspensky district of the Krasnodar Territory, the headquarters is the village of Uspenskoye
• Labinsk RKO - covers the Labinsk district of the Krasnodar Territory, headquarters - Labinsk
• Otradnensky RKO - covers the Otradnensky district of the Krasnodar Territory, the headquarters - the station Otradnaya

Batalpashinsky Cossack Department of the KKV

Corresponds to the old Batalpashinsky department of the Kuban region. 5 RKO. Headquarters - Cherkessk (until 1934 - Batalpashinsk)

• Batalpashinsky GKO - covers the Abaza, Adyge-Khablsky districts of Karachay-Cherkessia, as well as the territory of the urban district of Cherkessk, and the headquarters there.
• Prikubansky RKO - covers the Prikubansky district of Karachay-Cherkessia, headquarters - the village of Kavkazsky
• Urupskoye RKO - covers the Urupsky district of Karachay-Cherkessia, the headquarters of the station Predgradnaya
• Zelenchuksky RKO - covers the Zelenchuksky district of Karachay-Cherkessia, the headquarters of the station Zelenchukskaya
• Ust-Dzhegutinsky RKO - covers the Ust-Dzhegutinsky district of Karachay-Cherkessia, headquarters - the city of Ust-Dzheguta

Black Sea Cossack District KKV

Historically, it was not part of the Kuban region, but in the Black Sea province. Today 7 RKO. Headquarters - Sochi

• Novorossiysk RKO - covers the territory of the urban district of Novorossiysk, headquarters - Novorossiysk
• Gelendzhik RKO - covers the territory of the urban district of Gelendzhik, headquarters - Gelendzhik
• Tuapse RKO - covers the Tuapse district of the Krasnodar Territory, headquarters - the city of Tuapse
• Lazarevskoye RKO - covers the Lazarevsky district of the Sochi urban district, headquarters - the Lazarevskoye microdistrict
• Sochi RKO - covers the Khostinsky district of the Sochi urban district, the headquarters is the Khosta microdistrict
• Central RSC of the resort city of Sochi - covers central District Sochi, headquarters - Sochi
• Adler RKO - covers the Adler district of the Sochi urban district, the headquarters is the Adler microdistrict

Abkhaz Special Cossack Department of the KKV

Historically, the territory of the Gagra region was part of the Black Sea province. After the civil war, the famine in 1933 and the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict in 1993, many refugees and volunteers from the Kuban settled in Abkhazia. Now the special department includes one full-fledged RSC.

• The Gagra RKO covers the Gagra district of Abkhazia, the headquarters is the city of Gagra

The KKV also includes many villages in the neighboring Stavropol Territory, including in the territories of Novoaleksandrovsky, Izobilnensky, Shpakovsky, Kochubeevsky, Andropovsky and foothill areas. In addition, there are many organizations located outside the Kuban, including in Moscow, St. Petersburg, on the Don and in other cities and regions of Russia and beyond.