GIFT EDITION OF THE FAMOUS HISTORY OF COUNT A.K. TOLSTOY
THE BEST MANUAL FOR STUDYING NEW TEXTBOOKS ON THE HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
STORY
STATESRUSSIAN
FROMGOSTOMISLABEFOREOF OUR DAYS
Compiled by Count Alexei Tolstoy in 1868.
Continued and illustrated in 1975
raznochinets Yevgeny Chernyavsky.
♦
VOCATION OF THE VARYAGS
1. Listen, guys, What will your grandfather tell you.
Our land is rich, There is only no order in it.
2. And this truth, children, For a thousand years already
Our ancestors realized: There is no order, you see.
3. And they all stood under the banner, And they say: “How should we be?
Let's send to the Varangians: Let them come to reign.
4. After all, the Germans are tory, They know darkness and light,
Well, our land is rich, There is only no order in it.
5. Messengers quickly went there
And they say to the Varangians: “Come, gentlemen!
6. We will send you gold, What Kyiv sweets;
Our land is rich, there is only no order in it.
7. The Vikings got scared, But they think: “What is there?
Trying is not a joke - Let's go, if they call!
8. And then three brothers came, Varangians of middle age,
They look - the land is rich, There is no order at all.
9 “Well,” they think, “a team! Here the devil will break his leg,
Es ist ja eine Schande, Wir müssen wieder fort.”[It's a shame, we have to get out. (German)]
862-879. Rurik's reign
10. But elder brother Rurik “Wait,” he said to others, “
Fortgeh'n wär ungebürlich, Vielleicht ist's nicht so schlimm.
[It would be indecent to leave, maybe it's not so bad after all. (German)]
11 Though lousy team, Almost one trash;
Wir bringen’s schön zustande, Versuchen wir einmal.”
[We can do it, let's try. (German)]
12. And he began to reign strongly, he reigned for seventeen years,
The land was plentiful, Well, there is no order!
882 - 945. The reign of Oleg and Igor
13. Prince Igor reigned behind him, And Oleg ruled over him,
Das war ein großer Krieger And smart man. [He was a great warrior (German)]
946-972. The reign of Olga and Svyatoslav
14. Then Olga reigned, And after Svyatoslav;
So ging die Reihenfolge of the Pagan powers. [This was the sequence (German)]
972-980. FIRST FRATHRITICAL WAR
between the sons of Svyatoslav from different wives.
980 - 1015. The reign of the kagan-prince Vladimir
15. When Vladimir entered his father's throne,
Da endigte fur immer Die alte Religion. [Then came the end of the old religion. (German)]
16. He suddenly said to the people: “After all, our gods are rubbish,
Let's go to be baptized in the water!” And Jordan made us.
17. “Perun is very nasty! When we put him down
See what order we will make!”
BAPTISM OF RUSSIA
. Vladimir was baptized with the name Vasily. Christianity has become state religion- Metropolis of Kyiv of the Patriarch of Constantinople. Persecution of the Magi and other pagans.
Second fratricidal war (between 12 sons of Vladimir from several wives)
18. He sent for priests to Athens and Constantinople,
The priests came in droves, they cross themselves and incense,
19. They sing to themselves touchingly And fill their pouch;
The earth, as it is, is plentiful, Only there is no order.
20. Vladimir died of grief, Without creating order.
The Great Yaroslav soon began to reign behind him.
1015 - 1054. The reign of Prince YaroslavI
21. It is, perhaps, with this Order would be,
But out of love for children, he divided the whole earth.
22. The service was bad, And the children, seeing that
Let's beat each other: Who, how and what in what!
Third fratricidal war— between the descendants of Yaroslav - went almost 600 years.
1223. THE APPEARANCE OF THE MONGOLS. Battle on Kalka. Defeat of Rurikovich.
23. The Tatars found out: “Well, they think, don’t be afraid!”
We put on bloomers, We arrived in Russia.
24. “From your alleged dispute, the Earth went upside down,
Wait, we'll get you in order soon."
1237 . Invasion of Batu Khan. Foundation of the Golden Horde.
1237 - 1480. RUSSIA - ULUS OF THE GOLDEN HORDE.
25. They shout: “Give tribute!” (at least bring the saints out)
There is a lot of all sorts of rubbish It has come to Russia.
26. Like a day, then brother against brother In the horde bears a burden;
The earth, it seems, is rich - There is no order at all.
1462-1505. Ivan's reignIIIVasilyevich
1480. "Standing on the Ugra" and the end of the Tatar yoke.
27. Ivan appeared the Third; He says: " You're naughty!
We are no longer children!” He sent a shish to the Tatars.
28. And now the earth is free From all evils and troubles
And very grainy, And yet there is no order.
1505 -1537. Basil's reignIIIand his widow Helena, ur. Glinskaya
1547 -1586. Tsar Ivan IV Vasilievich (Grozny)
29. Ivan the Fourth has come, He was the grandson of the Third;
Kalach on the kingdom grated And many wives spouses.
30. Ivan Vasilyich the Terrible He was name
For being a serious, respectable person.
31. Receptions are not sweet, But the mind is not lame;
This brought order, At least roll a ball!
32. It would be possible to live carelessly With such a king;
But ah! - nothing lasts forever - And Tsar Ivan will die!
1586 - 1598. Tsar Fedor and boyar-oprichnik Boris Godunov
33. Fedor began to reign behind him, a living contrast to the Father;
Was the mind is not bodor, Ringing only much.
END OF THE FIRST DYNASTY (Rurikovich)
♦
15 years of INTERGOVERNMENT from 1598 to 1613, or TIME OF TROUBLES
1598 - 1605. Tsar Boris Godunov. The first patriarch Job.
34. Boris, the royal brother-in-law, was seriously smart,
Brunet, not bad face, And sat on the royal throne.
35. Under him, everything went smoothly, The former evils were gone,
There was a little order In the ground, he did not start.
36. Unfortunately, the impostor, Out of nowhere,
Such a dance gave us, That Tsar Boris died.
1605 - 1606. Tsar Dmitry Ivanovich. The first impostor, recognized by the boyars, the clergy and the mother of Tsarevich Dmitry. Patriarch Ignatius was appointed in place of Job exiled to Staritsa. The impostor was chrismated to the kingdom in the Assumption Cathedral. The boyars and princes Rurikovich (including Dmitry Pozharsky) swore allegiance to the impostor. Killed by supporters of the boyar Vasily Shuisky (Rurikovich).
37. And, on Boris's place Climbing up, this impudent
From joy with the bride, Nogami chatted.
38. Although he was a brave guy And not even a fool,
But under his power, the Pole began to rebel.
39. And that is not to our liking; And then one night
We gave them pepper and drove them all away.
1606 - 1610. Tsar Vasily Ivanovich (Shuisky). The boyars forcibly tonsured him a monk and took him to Polish king Sigismund, where he died in captivity.
40. Vasily ascended the throne, But soon the whole earth
We asked him to come down.
41. The Poles returned, the Cossacks were brought;
There was confusion and fights: Poles and Cossacks,
42. Cossacks and Poles We are beaten again and again;
We're without a king, like crayfish, Grieving aground.
43. Passions were direct - Well, not a penny.
It is known that without power you will not go far.
44. To fix the royal throne And again elect a king,
Here Minin and Pozharsky Rather gathered an army.
1613 - 1646. Tsar Michael Fed. and Patriarch Filaret (Romanovs).
45. And the power of the Poles drove them out again,
The land of Michael took the Russian throne.
46. It happened in the summer; But was there an agreement?
The story about this is silent until now.
47. Warsaw and Vilna sent us their greetings;
The land was plentiful - There is no order as no.
1646 - 1676. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov
48. Alexei sits on the kingdom, Then give birth to Peter.
Came for the state Here is a new time.
1676 - 1682. Tsar Fedor Alekseevich
1682 -1725. Two tsars Ivan V and Peter I (then one Peter)
49. Tsar Peter loved order, Almost like Tsar Ivan,
And he was also not sweet, Sometimes he was drunk.
50. He said: “I feel sorry for you, you will perish completely;
But I have a stick, And I'm a father to all of you!
And immediately after the order I left for Amsterdam.
52. Returning from there, He shaved us smoothly,
And for Christmas time, so it's a miracle, Dressed up in the Dutch.
53. But this, however, is a joke, I do not blame Peter:
Give the patient to the stomach Useful for rhubarb.
54. Although very strong Was, perhaps, a reception;
And yet the order became quite strong under him.
55. But sleep seized the grave of Peter in the prime of life,
You see, the land is plentiful, There is no order again.
HUNDRED YEARS OF PALACE REVOLUTIONS
56. Here, meekly or sternly, many faces reigned,
There are not too many kings, But more queens.
57. Biron reigned under Anna; He was a real gendarme,
We sat as if in a bath With him, das Gott erbarm! [God have mercy! (German)]
1740 - 1760. The reign of Elizabeth (daughter of Peter and the Lithuanian Marta Skavroschanko = Catherine I)
58. Cheerful queen
Elizabeth was:
Singing and having fun
There is just no order.
END OF THE SECOND DYNASTY (Romanovs)
1761-1762. Emperor Peter III. Duke of Holstein-Gottorp. Killed by the guards
1762 -1796. his wife Catherine II (ur. Sophia-Augusta-Friederike of Anhaldt-Zerbst)
59. What is the reason and where is the root of evil,
Catherine herself could not comprehend.
60. “Madame, with you miraculously Order will flourish, –
Voltaire and Diderot wrote to her courteously,
61. It is only necessary for the people to whom you are a mother,
Rather give freedom, Rather give freedom”.
62. "Messieurs, She replied to them, vous me comblez”, – [Gentlemen, you are too kind to me. (fr.)]
And immediately attached the Ukrainians to the ground.
1796 - 1801. Emperor Paul I Holstein-Gottorp (Romanov). Killed (strangled by conspirators).
63. Paul, the Knight of Malta, reigned after her,
But he did not quite rule In a chivalrous manner.
1801 - 1825. Emperor Alexander I Pavlovich. W fell ill, than is unknown, and died in Taganrog).
64. Tsar Alexander the First Came to him in return,
His nerves were weak, But he was a gentleman.
1812 -1815. War with Napoleon and his allies (12 languages).
65. When a Hundred Thousand Army is on us in excitement
Pushed Bonaparte, He[Alexander] started to recede.
66. It seemed, well, below You can’t sit in a hole,
An, look: we are already in Paris, With Louis le Désiré. [Ludovik (Desired)(fr.) - after restoration]
67. At that time, the color of Russia blossomed very strongly,
The land was plentiful, Well there is no order as no.
68. Last tale I would write mine,
But tea is punishment, I'm afraid monsieur Velliot.
[ Velio I.O. - dir. mail department Ministry of Internal Affairs in 1868-1880]
69. Walking can be slippery On other pebbles,
So, about what is close, We better keep silent.
78. So, having started again, I finish my column
From the birth of Christ In the year sixty-eight.
79. Seeing that things are getting worse for us,
The Lord has sent down a great husband to us.
80. For our consolation to Us, like the light of dawn,
Reveal your face Timashev - Set up order.
81. What is the most sinful On these mortal sheets
Do not finish hastily Or censuses,
82. That, in front and behind Reading all the days,
Correct for the sake of truth, do not curse the Scriptures.
83. Compiled from blades of grass This unwise story
Thin humble monk Servant of God Alexei.
Note. A.K. Tolstoy, mentioning his work in letters, each time gave different abbreviated versions of the titles: "History of Russia", "Abridged Russian History". According to V.M., close to Tolstoy, Zhemchuzhnikova, satire should be titled "Abridged Russian history from Gostomysl to Timashev"(see: A. Baboreko. New information about the poems of A. K. Tolstoy. - In the journal "Russian Literature", 1959, No. 3, pp. 200-201). But nineteenth-century publishers chose the most cumbersome name - History of the Russian state from Gostomysl to Timashev. Chosen for similarity to the title N.M. Karamzin - "History of the Russian State". It became canonical. . And for more than 100 years, readers have had to explain who Timashev is and why he got into Russian History.
Since Tolstoy himself did not finally establish the name, the shortest and most understandable title was chosen from various author's options for the title of the page on the site: "Russian history". In addition, unlike the canonical editions, I inserted into the text important events and dates of government princes and kings, as mentioned in the "History" of Count A.K. Tolstoy, as well as those that he missed. Moreover, to some periods omitted in his "History" and separate incomprehensible expressions, I made Notes (see at the bottom of the page). Made it clean practical purpose- for the convenience of readers, since Tolstoy does not indicate dates at all and often talks about a lot either briefly or with hints that are understandable only to his contemporaries.
We must not forget that his "History" was a satire on the state official ideology - the very one that in our time they dream of reviving in the Russian Federation (see Chimes). Satire A.K. Tolstoy, of course, was distributed secretly, it was copied by hand. The poet could speak about many things in his "History" only in hints and "Aesopian language". Both are well understood by contemporaries, but the next generations no longer understand why the information embedded in each word disappears.
All poets and writers are forced to do the same at any time. An example is the author Continuations"Stories" of Tolstoy, who lived in 100 years after him. Comparing texts, we can easily find similarity in political environment in tsarist Russia 19th century and in the Soviet Union in the 20th century, but, more importantly, with the one that exists in Russia in early XXI in.
I must say that, in addition to "History from Gostomysl to Timashev", Count A.K. Tolstoy wrote many similar works fit "for all time". They are given in other sections on this site, but for now let's return to the "History" and get acquainted with its Continuation in the Soviet period.
CONTINUED HISTORY Count A.K. Tolstoy
From AlexanderIIto General Secretary of the CPSU Brezhnev
wrote in 1975 Author of the magazine "Bat"
Evgeny Borisovich Chernyavsky
Once, from blades of grass, I made up a simple tale
Thin humble monk, Count Alexei Tolstoy.
I will not compete with him, even if you ask me for a century,
I, too, will not find order in Russia.
And the stones are now closer, looking at them is a horror!
Well, okay, sit closer, I'll gossip something.
1903 - 1907. WAR WITH JAPAN and REVOLUTION.
I'll start from afar - the twentieth century has come.
Beat us from the East, we are in revolt, dieOrdnung- weg! (Order out!)
The king was then frightened:
"Mein Tron ist gar nicht fest!" (“The throne is not strong at all!”)
He ordered us to paste the Manifesto at our windows.
There was a lot of noise, and yet, finally,
We sat down to think the Duma in the Tauride Palace.
Send other people's mods - well, just Renaissances:
Arranged factories, Modern and Decadence.
Earth, as of old, vast, as of old, there is no order,
We are sitting quietly at the Duma, but then a neighbor attacked.
1914 ― 1917. WAR WITH GERMANY. The overthrow of the king.
From the German in deliverance, we overthrew the royal throne,
They set up a board of temporary persons.
There are free newspapers, Cadets and Soviets,
Let's go write pamphlets - freedom is not in vain!
scolded defeatists, bourgeois, renegades,
Priests, Jews, Germans, each other and the King!
Ilyich came to us from the Finland Station,
From the armored car he said his famous speech.
In this April speech, he called on all the power
Rather give the Soviets, rather give the Soviets.
[Soon Ilyich prevailed over the provisional power,
And it was in October, and it happened at night].
Since then, fortunately, the Bolsheviks have been in power,
Sharing this power is considered out of hand.
1918-1920. CIVIL WAR
They drove out the Constituent Assembly, removed the "er" from the ends,
And who climbed into the bottle, tasted the severity of the measures.
Decrees repeatedly shook the country;
The capital was carefully transferred to Moscow.
To put things in order, they arranged a Cheka.
However, order was not easy for the peasant.
In addition, life was unsatisfied, and with a sort of melancholy
Both secretly and openly the peasants revolted.
Separate figures from them gathered an army
And they began to fight against the dictatorship.
Estonians and Livonians, Ukrainians, Finnish -
All have become foreigners, the Lord will sort them out!
Poles and Cossacks they beat us packs and packs,
We back up like crayfish, then we move forward.
There was such a slaughter that a groan all over the Earth.
Here I have nothing to add: they exhausted each other.
1921-1924. NEP. Death of Lenin.
When we reconciled, missed: where is the bread?
Ilyich said: “Have you fasted? Enough. There will be NEP!
At this NEP, the people soon corrected the flesh,
But right there, as on a mountain, the Lord called the leader.
[When he was dying, he looked around his people and his country,
But all his wealth was worth nothing compared to the order - per. with him. ].
He bequeathed us to a Georgian before his death.
So that there was no torment, he promised the people:
"Georgian - mustachioed and nasty, does not behave like that,
But still, he will quickly restore order. ”
1924-1953. General Secretary of the CPSU (b) - I.V. STALIN.
A serious man was a mustachioed new leader:
Sometimes for no reason he introduced us into fear and trembling.
« Worry about the rules, he thought, bustle,
While weeds and cramped conditions are on our beds».
Determined to make sense of us this time,
He took up cleaning and weeding at the same hour.
Since then, the fun has gone - we live happily:
Weeding, for the sake of laughter, we call plantings.
We became very rare and waited whose turn it was.
Who is rubbish, and who is candy, they did not know in advance.
They swallowed all the pills, did not wince from enemas:
Collective farms, five-year plans - and lo and behold - socialism!
He already brought his mustachioed order,
Yes, a possessed German led troops against us.
1941 - 1945. THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR.
[ AToyna was without mercy. At first it was hard for us
Then they fought better: the German army surrendered- per. with him. ].
We thought in the wild to taste the fruits of victories:
The land is now a little more, there is no order, however.
1953. Death of I.V. Stalin.
But the leader constantly put us in order,
He worked incessantly, did not spare his health.
And fell ill, and soon died; we had to cry.
With the removal of grief, there were no casualties.
1956 - 1964. General Secretary of the CPSU N.S. Khrushchev
But the holy place is empty for a long time not to be lost:
The heirs for power choked to a crunch.
They fought at the trough, but fat and bold,
Nikita defeated everyone, which justified his name. [Nikita (Greek) - on behalf of the goddess of victory Nike]
Nikita judged order by his saltyk,
He played hide-and-seek with the mustachioed and showed his tongue.
Said: “Mustache is dead, and the cult with him, we don’t give a shit.
Follow me, hold on, guys, we'll show the mother-in-law!"
Putting things in order means building communism!
He’s out there, you see, he’s looming!” And fell into voluntarism".
That's why Nikita sank into oblivion like an axe.
It is still impossible to comprehend this.
Since 1964 - General Secretary of the CPSU BREZHNEV and MEMBERS OF THE POLITBURO.
And on an empty stage, descending to our needs,
Reveal the Lord in exchange Zelo Scholars Husband.
Since then, we have a different management,
Another putting things in order in Russia.
- - - - - - - - - - - -
It is embarrassing to climb the mountain, sliding over the pebbles.
That's why I finish and far from a walker:
And so I feel a chill under my belly.
Not a trace in empty bragging to walk near the geese -
Know the measure in impudence, like the monk Alexei.
Reading these verses, do not be strict, reader,
Thinking about the subject, forgive the clumsy syllable.
Evgeny Chernyavsky. Poems and drawings. 1975
Phrase from the chronicle "The Tale of Bygone Years" by the ancient Russian chronicler, monk Kievo-Pechersky monastery Nestor (XI- beginning of XII c.) - "Our land is great and plentiful, but there is no order in it; yes, go and rule over us."
According to Nestor, in 862 the Slavic ambassadors turned to the Varangians from the Rus tribe.
The Russian historian Vladimir Solovyov in "The History of Russia from Ancient Times" (vol. 1, ch. 4) wrote that before this appeal, the Varangians already ruled the Slavs, but were expelled. After the expulsion of the Varangians Slavic tribes they themselves began to manage their lands, but “they owned it badly, they could not establish internal order: there was no truth between them,” the chronicler continues, clan against clan stood up, strife began. In such circumstances, the tribes gathered and said: "Let's look for a prince who would own us and judge by right." Then they turned to the Varangians of the Rus tribe with a request to return: "Our land is great and plentiful, but there is no order in it: come reign and rule over us."
Then three brothers came - Rurik, Sineus and Truvor to rule the Slavs and, after a while, this land became known as Russia.
The phrase from the annals of Nestor "Our whole land is great and plentiful, but there is no outfit in it" was chosen as an epigraph to his satirical poem "The History of the Russian State from Gostomysl to Timashev" (1868).
The historian describes this episode of Russian history as follows ("" (1803-1826), ch. 4:):
"Nestor writes that the Slavs of Novogorodsk, Krivichi, Ves and Chud sent an embassy across the sea, to the Varangians-Rus, to tell them: Our land is great and plentiful, but there is no order in it: come reign and rule over us. The words are simple, short and strong! The brothers, named Rurik, Sineus and Truvor, famous either by birth or deeds, agreed to take power over people who, knowing how to fight for liberty, did not know how to use it. Surrounded by a numerous Scandinavian retinue, ready to assert the rights of the elected Sovereigns with a sword, these ambitious brothers left the fatherland forever. Rurik arrived in Novgorod, Sineus on Beloozero in the region Finnish people Vesi, and Truvor to Izborsk, the city of Krivichi. Smolensk, also inhabited by the Krivichi, and Polotsk itself were still independent and did not take part in the calling of the Varangians. Consequently, the power of the three rulers, united by ties of kinship and mutual benefit, from Belaozero extended only to Estonia and the Slavic Keys, where we see the remains of ancient Izborsk. This part of the current St. Petersburg, Estland, Novogorodsk and Pskov provinces was then called Rus, but after the Princes of the Varyago-Russians. We no longer know any reliable details; we do not know whether the people blessed the change of their civil statutes?
Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy
Our land is rich, there is only no order in it ... (Humorous and satirical poems)
PRUDENCE
Thinking carefully,
I have chosen my path
And I walk along it without noise,
Little by little, little by little!
However, I'm not fearless,
I'm not cold at heart
And it boils in me
Zealous, zealous!
If someone offends me
I will not let go, how can I!
As soon as I get out of myself,
Be careful, be careful!
I can love without a mind
But to love, of course, really,
I'm ready to cut the truth
Quiet, quiet!
If my brother choked,
I wouldn't wave my hands
I would immediately jump into the water
With bubbles, with bubbles!
Glad to fight for the motherland!
Let me hear only buckshot,
I will lie down with my chest in an open field,
No injury, no injury!
I will serve in the synod,
So that descendants know;
But if you have to fall -
So straws, so straws!
Who is my friend, that friend is forever,
All relatives are close to the heart,
I serve all allies,
Austrian, Austrian!
Late 1853 or early 1854
A. M. ZHEMCHUZHNIKOV
I enter your office
I'm looking for you, slacker
You are not there,
You know, it's Monday.
Perhaps come
To me today with my brother:
Have tea with me
And duck with watercress.
hungarian wine
Waiting for you (in a bottle or in a bottle -
I don't know, but for a long time
The potatoes have been ordered.
I'm alone in the city
And the mother lives in the country,
Because of such reasons
Looking forward to dinner good luck.
Armenian glorious land
Lies behind Ararat,
Perhaps come
To me today with my brother!
Filled with an eternal ideal
I was not born to serve, but to sing!
Do not let me, Phoebus, be a general,
Don't let yourself be foolish!
O Phoebus almighty! at the parade
Hear my voice from above:
Don't let me comprehend, for God's sake,
Holy poetry sock!
SPRING FEELINGS OF THE RAW ANCIENT
Will I wait for that story
When spring comes
And young chicory
Light up yellow!
Already love thirst
My whole chest is on fire
And jump up a sliver each
Strives for a chip.
Earth with new flowers
covered again,
The bulls went with the cows
Walk in the green meadow
And, by the power of charming
We drag them behind the herd,
I'm ready unconsciously
Become a bull yourself!
February 1859
REVOLT IN THE VATICAN
The castrati rebelled
Enter the father's chambers:
Why are we not married?
How are we to blame?"
Dad says to them strictly:
“What is this synagogue?
Are you not afraid of God?
Away! Down with the threshold!
Those to him: "You're okay,
You live cool
But we are so hopeless
It's very annoying!
You live on your own
Tea, rubbed my calluses,
Tell me, is it
In our bitter share?
Dad tells them: “Children,
Before you looked
Losing these things
You have to be patient!
I'm sorry for your loss;
I, perhaps, in the form of a fee,
I will order from the best cotton wool
Insert your patches!”
Those to him: “What do we need wool for?
It's good for a bathrobe!
Not soft but hard
Something we need!”
Dad to them: “I will give a place in paradise,
Every bride will be
Two pounds of dough per month.
Judge: the weight is something!
Those to him: “Yes, what are we in the test,
Whether it be at least two hundred pounds,
You can't make a bride with him
What to live with her together!
"Oh, it's not easy! -
Dad said from the pedestal, -
Since something fell from the cart,
So write, gone!
This thing, - added dad, -
Get lost even at Priapus,
There is no aesculapius for this,
This thing is not a hat!
And what are you really?
Would you live in my chapel,
Under the command of Antonelli,
Yes, they sang cantatas!
“No,” the castrati answer, -
Drink you sort of ninth,
We have become hoarse
Sing cantatas!
Wouldn't you like for a diva
Himself sing to us "Casta diva"?
Yes, not rude, but squeaky,
Subtly especially?
Dad was scared: “Children,
Why should I sing thinly?
And how can I understand
Are these suggestions?
Those to him: “Simple science,
In this we guarantee you
I chirped once, and the whole thing is here -
Here is the razor! Come on!”
Dad thinks: "It's de
It wouldn't even be fashionable
Flaunt me in the middle way!
Flying for De Merode.
De Merode, at that time,
Prepare for battle with the king
Worked under the mountain
Papal infantry:
All in silk cassocks,
Their knapsacks are made of new skins,
Cones full of spruce,
Himself in purple stockings.
Venerati runs up:
“You,” he shouts, “do not care about the rati!
There they want, quite inopportunely,
Baptize dad!"
Experienced in military formation,
De Merode doubled over
See, it's a bad thing
Says: "What is it?"
Venerati repeats:
“Now you don’t care anymore,
There they want, not at all by the way,
Baptize dad!"
Hearing this phrase again
De Merode understood at once
He says: “It is de with the eye;
Obey orders!"
The trumpets immediately blew,
A fierce heat flared up in the army,
So everyone looks, who would
Give a butt in the teeth?
De Merode, in a cocked hat,
In the cassock just with a needle,
All of them are lucky in a one-wheeler
To papa's light.
Only the soldiers entered it,
The castrati were afraid
They say: “We are to blame!
Let's sing without pay!"
Good dad on the loose
Again takes care of the people,
And to the castrates De Merode
Says something like this:
"Wait, you villains!
I will hang everyone for ... me!
Daddy rivers, blushing slightly:
"You have to be smarter!" (Option for ladies:)
…
And to the castrates De Merode
Says something like this:
"Everyone who is involved in this rebellion,
I would deserve to be hanged!"
Daddy is rivers, completely comforted:
"I alone am sinless!"
And the end came to all disputes;
The former decorum at the court,
And the castrati squeal in chorus
Up to ad finem seculorum!
February–March 1864
HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN STATE FROM GOSTOMYSL TO TIMASHEV
Our whole land is great and plentiful, but there is no dress in it.
Nestor, Chronicle, p. 8
Listen guys
What will your grandfather tell you?
Our land is rich
There is just no order in it.
A. K. Tolstoy
History of Russian Goverment
from Gostomysl to Timashev
It is this name that we have attached to the poem by Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy, which he wrote in 1868. This poem - clearly comic, even satirical - in an assertive style sets out the main facts Russian history and therefore, probably, it can serve for today's schoolchildren as an invaluable guide to the subject "History of the Fatherland." In any case, I myself learned history from Tolstoy's poem.
By the way, the study of history is extremely useful. I will give just one famous example. The husband breaks into the house and shouts to his wife from the threshold: “I know everything, you are like that and that!”. And in response he hears an imperturbable: “Yes? You know everything? But when was the Battle of Grunwald? Most likely, after that, the husband will immediately realize that he got a little excited.
Returning to the poem by A. K. Tolstoy: probably the ability to be a guide to national history- this is not its only advantage, otherwise it is difficult to explain why it has been very popular for almost a century and a half. And this despite the fact that the reader is still required known level education: Count Tolstoy, a child of his enlightened age, is not at all shy in choosing a language, if he sometimes needs to rhyme something there. Therefore, no edition of the History of the Russian State is complete without comments. From time to time we will also interrupt the reading in order to coordinate our understanding of the underlined words and expressions.
So let's get started? Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, "History of the Russian State from Gostomysl to Timashev".
All our land is great and plentiful, but there is no dress in it. Nestor, chronicle, p. eight
| 1 Listen, guys, What will your grandfather tell you. Our land is rich, There is only no order in it. 2 And this truth, children, For a thousand years already Our ancestors realized: There is no order, you see. 3 And they all stood under the banner, And they say: “How should we be? Let's send to the Varangians: Let them come to reign. 4 After all, the Germans are tory, They know darkness and light, Our land is rich, There is only no order in it. 5 Messengers with a quick step Went there And they say to the Varangians: “Come, gentlemen! 6 We will send you gold, What Kyiv sweets; Our land is rich, There is only no order in it. | 7 The Vikings felt terrified, But they think: “What is there? Trying is not a joke - Let's go, if they call! 8 And then three brothers came, Varangians of middle age, They look - the land is rich, There is no order at all. 9 “Well, - they think, - a team! Here the devil will break his leg, Es ist ja eine Schande, Wir müssen wieder fort". 10 But elder brother Rurik “Wait,” he said to others, Fortgeh "n wär" ungebührlich, Vielleicht ist "s nicht so schlimm. 11 Though lousy team, Almost one trash; Wir bringen "s schon zustande, Versuchen wir einmal". 12 And he began to reign strongly, He reigned for seventeen years, The land was plentiful, There is no order! |
In The Tale of Bygone Years, in a fragment for 862, we read: “... And there was no truth among them, and they had strife, and they began to fight with themselves. And they said to themselves: "Let's look for a prince who would own us and judge by right ...". The advice to invite Rurik and other "Varangians" to Novgorod came from the noble Novgorodian Gostomysl. Tolstoy's Varangians speak among themselves in modern and for some reason German and they say the following.
Es ist ja eine Schande, wir müssen wieder fort(es ist ya aine shande, vir myussen vider fort) - what a shame: we have to get out again (German).
Fortgeh "n wär" ungebührlich, vielleicht ist "s nicht so schlimm(fortgein wer ungebürlich, filleicht ists niht so schlim) - if we leave, then all sorts of talk will go ... maybe things are not so bad (German).
Wir bringen "s schon zustande, versuchen wir einmal(vir bringens shon tushtande, ferzuhen vir ainmal) - yes, we can do it: not gods, tea, pots are burned (German).
| 13 Prince Igor reigned behind him, And Oleg ruled over him, Das war ein großer Krieger And a smart man. 14 Then Olga reigned, And after Svyatoslav; So ging die Reihenfolge of the Pagan powers. 15 When Vladimir entered his father's throne, Da endigte fur immer Die alte Religion. 16 He suddenly said to the people: "After all, our gods are rubbish, Let's go to be baptized in the water!" And made us Jordan. 17 “Perun is very ugly! When we shove him, You will see what order we will make! | 18 He sent for priests to Athens and Constantinople. The priests came in crowds, Crossing themselves and incense, 19 They sing to themselves touchingly And fill their pouch; The earth, as it is, is plentiful, Only there is no order. 20 Vladimir died of grief, Without creating order. The Great Yaroslav soon began to reign behind him. 21 It is, perhaps, with this Order would have been; But out of love for children, he divided the whole earth. 22 The service was bad, And the children, seeing that, Let's hit each other: Who, how and with what, in what! |
The Varangians quietly dissuaded each other, but the author - by inertia, apparently - continues to actively use german words and expressions, rhyming them with Russians. He does it very casually.
Das war ein großer Krieger (das war ein großer krieger) - this was an outstanding warrior (German).
So ging die Reihenfolge (so ging di reihenfolge) - this is the order in which the change took place (German).
Da endigte fur immer die alte Religion(da endigte fur immer di alte religion) - then the old religion ended forever (German).
Made us Jordan- that is, he converted the pagan Kyivans to Christianity, driving them into the waters of the Dnieper. As you know, Jesus Christ himself was baptized in the Jordan River.
| 23 The Tatars found out: “Well, they think, don’t be afraid!” We put on bloomers, We arrived in Russia. 24 "From your, they say, dispute, the Earth went upside down, Wait a minute, we will soon bring order to you." 25 They shout: "Give tribute!" (Though bring the saints out.) There is a lot of all sorts of rubbish It has come to Russia. 26 As the day, the brother against the brother In the horde bears a trace; The earth, it seems, is rich - There is no order at all. 27 Ivan appeared the Third; He says, "You're kidding! We are no longer children!” He sent a shish to the Tatars. | 28 And now the earth is free From all evils and troubles And very grain-bearing, And yet there is no order. 29 Ivan the Fourth has come, He was the third's grandson; Kalach on the kingdom grated And many wives spouses. 30 Ivan Vasilyich the Terrible He had a name For being a serious, respectable person. 31 Receptions are not sweet, But the mind is not lame; This brought order, At least roll a ball! 32 One could live carelessly With such a king; But ah! nothing lasts forever - And Tsar Ivan is dead! |
From the colorful scene of the Tatars pulling on their trousers and to the first (that is, the Third) Ivan Vasilyevich, who sent the mysterious shish to the Tatars, two and a half centuries flashed by completely unnoticed, isn't it?
Name - that is, by name. Tolstoy's parody of official papers, in which the word "name" sometimes served as a substitute real name: "such and such."
| 33 Fedor began to reign behind him, a living contrast to the Father; Was the mind is not bodor, Ringing only much. 34 But Boris, the tsar's brother-in-law, Was seriously smart, Brunet, not bad-looking, And sat on the tsar's throne. 35 Under him, everything went smoothly, The former evils were gone, There was a little order In the land, he did not start. 36 Unfortunately, an impostor, Out of nowhere, Such a dance was given to us, That Tsar Boris died. 37 And, having climbed up to Boris's place, this impudent one For joy with the bride, Nogami began to chatter. | 38 Although he was a brave guy And not even a fool, But under his power, the Pole began to rebel. 39 And that is not to our liking; And then one night We gave them pepper And drove them all away. 40 Basil ascended the throne, But soon we asked Him with all the earth, So that he would come down. 41 The Poles returned, the Cossacks were brought; There was confusion and fights: Poles and Cossacks, 42 Cossacks and Poles They beat us packs and packs; We're without a king like crayfish Grieving aground. |
Time of Troubles ... The impudent, dangling legs on the throne, is the so-called False Dmitry the First, who became the Russian Tsar in 1605 and was killed by conspirators the following year. The time was indeed very vague. Never again did the Poles feel more confident with us than then. One of the boyar-conspirators, Vasily Shuisky, succeeded False Dmitry on the throne of Moscow, but, as they say, lost control, brought the matter even to Swedish intervention, was overthrown and died in Polish captivity.
The ancient word paki means "again", "again".
| 43 Passions were direct - About a penny. It is known that without power you will not go far. 44 To straighten the throne of the king And to elect the king again, Here Minin and Pozharsky Rather gathered an army. 45 And the power of the Poles drove them out again, while the land of Michael brought him to the Russian throne. 46 It happened in the summer; But was there an agreement - The story about this is silent until now. 47 Warsaw and Vilna sent us their greetings; The land was plentiful - There is no order, no way. 48 Sow Alexei to the kingdom, Then give birth to Peter. Came for the state Here is a new time. | 49 Tsar Peter loved order, Almost like Tsar Ivan, And he was also not sweet, Sometimes he was drunk. 50 He said: “I feel sorry for you, you will perish completely; But I have a stick, And I'm a father to all of you! And immediately after the order I left for Amsterdam. 52 Returning from there, He shaved us smoothly, And for Christmas time, so it's a miracle, He dressed us up in the Dutch. 53 But this, however, is a joke, I don’t blame Peter: Give a sick stomach Rhubarb is good. 54 Although very strong Was, perhaps, a reception; And yet the order became quite strong under him. |
But was there an agreement - the minor Michael was enthroned in 1613 (he became the founder royal dynasty Romanovs). According to legend, he allegedly signed some paper that limited his autocratic power.
“But I have a stick, and I am a father to all of you! ..” - Peter's logic looks like A.K. Tolstoy is extraordinarily convincing. In the next passage, Russia will also receive a mother - in the person of Catherine II.
| 55 But sleep seized the grave of Peter in the prime of life, You see, the land is plentiful, There is no order again. 56 Here, meekly or sternly, Many persons reigned, Not too many kings, But more queens. 57 Biron reigned under Anna; He was a real gendarme, We sat like in a bath With him, daß Gott erbarm! 58 The merry queen Was Elizabeth: Sings and has fun, Only there is no order. 59 What is the reason And where is the root of evil, Catherine herself could not comprehend. 60 “Madame, with you marvelously, Order will flourish,” Voltaire and Diderot wrote to her courteously, - | 61 It is only necessary for the people to whom you are the mother, Rather, give freedom, Rather, give freedom. 62 "Messieurs, - She objected to them, - vous me comblez", - And immediately attached the Ukrainians to the ground. 63 Behind her, Paul, the Knight of Malta, began to reign, But he did not quite rule In a knightly manner. 64 Tsar Alexander the First Came to him in return, His nerves were weak, But he was a gentleman. 65 When Bonaparte pushed the Hundred Thousand Army against us in excitement, He began to retreat. 66 It seemed, well, below You can't sit in a hole, But look: we're already in Paris, With Louis le Désiré. |
At the mere mention of the Duke of Courland Ernst Biron, the de facto ruler in the reign of Peter the Great's niece Anna, Tolstoy cannot refrain from a contrite exclamation addressed to the Lord, again in German: "... daß Gott erbarm!" (das gott erbarm) - "... save and have mercy!".
Talking about Catherine the Mother, the author confines himself mainly to her courteous correspondence with Voltaire and Diderot (Diderot - Diderot in French). Madame (madame) - this is how philosophers address Catherine, followed by many pleasant words for her. “Messieurs, vous me comblez (monsieur, vu me komle),“ Gentlemen, you are too kind to me, ”the great German woman on the Russian throne affectionately answers the French.
The mysterious disappearance in Russia of the “hundred-thousand army of the gambling Bonaparte” (and at first it seemed that it was lower than her, Russia, well, “you can’t sit in a hole”) so impressed Europe that the desire of Alexander the First to see the elderly Louis (or Louis - Louis le Désiré (Louis le Desire; désiré and means "desired" in French) was readily performed.
| 67 At that time, the color of Russia blossomed very strongly, The earth was plentiful, There is no order. 68 Last tale I would write mine, But I'm afraid of punishment, I'm afraid monsieur Veillot. 69 Walking can be slippery On other pebbles, So, about what is close, We better keep silent. 70 Let's leave the thrones better, Let's move on to the ministers. But what do I hear? groans, And cries, and sodom! | 71 What do I see! Only in fairy tales We see such an outfit; On a small sledge, the Ministers roll everything. 72 From the mountain with a loud cry In corpore, in full, Gliding, their own descendants Carry away names. 73 Se Norov, Se Putyatin, Se Panin, Se Metlin, Se Brock, Se Zamyatnin, Se Korf, Se Golovnin. 74 There are many, many of them, It is impossible to remember them all, And they fly down the same road, gliding. |
"It can be slippery to walk on other pebbles." This wise thought gives Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy great opportunity do away with historiography and move on to listing more relevant names for his time, but the names are no longer from the first row. Mentioning monsieur Veillot (Monsieur Veillot) (Baron I. O. Velio since 1868 headed the postal department at the Ministry of Internal Affairs and was a constant target for ridicule from A. K. Tolstoy), the author fluently, in corpore (in corpore - in Latin: in general, in in full force) lists other high-ranking officials. Among them we see famous people then: members of the State Council, admirals, academicians and counts. AT different years these people headed the Ministry of Public Education (A. S. Norov, E. V. Putyatin and A. V. Golovnin), the censorship committee (M. A. Korf), the Ministry of Justice (V. N. Panin and D. N. Zamyatnin ), as well as the Ministry of Finance (P.F. Brock).
| 75 I am a sinner: chronicle I forgot my style; I could not resist the picturesque picture. 76 Lyricism, capable of everything, To know, is in my blood; O Venerable Nestor, you inspire me. 77 Calm my conscience, My zeal is in vain, And give me my story To finish without cunning. 78 So, having started again, I finish my column From the birth of Christ In the sixty-eighth year. 79 Seeing that things are getting worse, Things are going with us, The Lord has sent us a great husband. | 80 For our consolation To us, like the light of dawn, Timashev reveals his face - Settle the order. 81 What is sinful On these mortal sheets Not hastily written Or censuses, 82 That, front and back Reading all the days, Correct for the sake of truth, Do not curse the Scriptures. 83 Compiled from blades of grass This unwise story Thin humble monk, Servant of God Alexei. 1868 |
And finally, the ending. Completely "forgetting his chronicle style", Tolstoy did not forget about that main idea which runs like a refrain throughout the poem. The name of this thought is Order. And Order is, as you know, the Ministry of the Interior. It was this department that since 1868 was headed by Alexander Yegorovich Timashev, who was not at all very beloved in liberal circles. But now, when the history of the Russian state has been replenished since the time of Tolstoy with new one and a half centuries, bloody and great, we can hardly be seriously interested in Timashev himself, and Tolstoy's attitude towards him ...
Written in 1868, The History of the Russian State from Gostomysl to Timashev was first published only 15 years later, in 1883, after the death of A. K. Tolstoy. It is interesting: if someone were able to adequately continue his "History" now - from Timashev to, say, Kudrin - what would come of it now?
Valentin Antonov, September 2008
The calling of the Varangians is an example of a deep-rooted lie in Russian history.
If you type the phrase in the heading in Yandex, then the first answer is:
our land is great and plentiful, but there is no order in it{,}
come reign and rule over us. (Slavic ambassadors to the Varangian tribe Rus. 862)
Letop. Nestor. Karamzin. I.G. R. 1.
The first example of self-denunciation of the Slavs abroad; since then, many Russians abroad have scolded their fatherland.
Russian thought and speech. Yours and someone else's. Experience of Russian phraseology. Collection figurative words and allegories. T.T. 1-2. Walking and well-aimed words. Collection of Russian and foreign quotations, proverbs, sayings, proverbs and individual words. SPb., type. Ak. Sciences.. M. I. Mikhelson. 1896-1912.
Here's how it turns out! This is the first example of self-denunciation of the Slavs abroad. Only, contrary to the version of Karamzin, derived by him from The Tale of Bygone Years, the Slavic ambassadors never uttered this phrase.
She appeared from mistranslation, and then was replicated by adherents of the "Norman" theory, according to which there was Germanic tribe Russia, which created statehood, culture, and even transferred its name to the state that became known as Russia, and later Russia.
Historian Sergei Yakovlevich Paramonov, who wrote under the pseudonym Sergei Lesnoy in his book "Where are you from, Rus?" refutes official version calling "Varangians" to Russia.
Here is what he writes:
“Let's start with the classic: “Our land is great and plentiful, but there is no dress in it, but go to reign and rule over us.” So the envoys of the northern tribes said to the Varangian brothers, led by Rurik.
They understood (and translated everywhere) like this: “But there is no order in it.” They not only mistranslated, but also elevated these words to the principle of the entire nation, created a kind of “credo” that disorder is organically characteristic of the Russians.
And further:
"Meanwhile, in the annals it is completely different, it is said:" But there is no outfit in it". Attire does not mean "order" at all, but "power", "management", "order". In our language there is still the expression “order for firewood”, “order for an apartment”, etc. This means an order for the issuance of firewood, an apartment, etc.
The envoys told the Varangian brothers: "Our land is great and plentiful, but there is no control in it, come to reign and rule over us." That this is exactly so is evident from the fact that in some lists of annals, instead of the words “but there is no outfit in it”, there is “but there is no dresser in it”. The matter is crystal clear and understandable: the prince has died, there are no heirs, there is no power, there is discord - messengers are going to invite a new prince.
Further, the author explains why it was the Varangians, led by Rurik, who were called to reign:
"Now let's look at the data. Novgorod Chronicles, which are counted together with Ioakimovskaya 14. It turns out that in Novgorod there was a dynasty of princes, numbering 9 generations by the time the Varangians were called. Rurik's great-grandfather, Burivoi, waged a long struggle with the Vikings. In the end, he was defeated on the Kyumeni River, which served as the border with Finland for centuries, and was forced to flee to his outlying possessions, and the Novgorodians fell under the yoke of the Varangians. It was this moment in history that was the reason that the Novgorodians paid tribute to the Varangians. And yet the Novgorodians did not long endure the yoke of the Varangians. They begged Burivoy for his son Gostomysl, i.e. grandfather Rurik, and when he appeared, they revolted and drove the Varangians away .... The long and glorious reign of Gostomysl began ... "
"Gostomysl had four sons and three daughters. All the sons died: some died of illness, others were killed in the war, leaving no male heirs. According to the laws of that time, Gostomysl married off his daughters to various overseas princes. By the end of his life, Gostomysl was without an heir, which worried him very much. He turned to various magicians, they reassured him, saying that he would have an heir from his root. Gostomysl was perplexed, because he was so old that his wives did not give birth to children. Here in the presentation of the chronicle an element of the miraculous enters: Gostomysl, they say, dreamed that from the womb of his middle daughter Umila grew a big tree, the fruits of which the people of his country eat. This dream-prediction was reported to the people, who were satisfied with this, for for some reason the son of the eldest daughter of Gostomysl was not pleasing to the people (later we will guess why).
Tatishchev, back in the first half of the 18th century, expressed the sensible idea that this whole story with sleep was invented by Gostomysl himself. In ancient times, as you know, dreams were given great value. In dreams they saw the decrees of the gods. There was even a special, highly respected profession of interpreters of dreams.
In the position of Gostomysl, the decision on succession to the throne was a matter of course: if the male line died out, it was possible to restore the dynasty along the female line, taking a grandson from a daughter. This operation continues to this day. The difficulty, however, was that the grandson from the eldest daughter, who was not loved by the people, had the right to inherit. Gostomysl circumvented this difficulty by referring to prophetic dream. But Gostomysl's intention was not realized during his lifetime. Therefore, after his death, troubles began due to the absence of the prince (this very moment marks the Tale of Bygone Years as the starting point of Russian history; in fact, this was far from the beginning).
Now it becomes clear why the choice fell on the "Varangians" and the chosen ones were Rurik, Sineus and Truvor: the decision leaned in favor of following the advice of the late, beloved and respected by all Gostomysl. Thus we get rid of the absurdity that we sent to strangers, for strangers. They sent for the grandchildren of their deceased prince, besides, for the Slavs and for their father. Eldest daughter Gostomysl was already married; probably, the prince was not a Slav, which is why the eldest grandson did not like the people.
In the light of what has been said, it becomes clear why the envoys said to the Varangian brothers “yes, go”, i.e. applied to plural: all three were the legitimate heirs of the old, deceased prince; however, Rurik, as an older brother, dominated.
I'm wondering what version of the calling of the "Varangians" to Russia will be in the new Unified History Textbook. And which version do you prefer, the official one set forth by Nestor in The Tale of Bygone Years and supported by Karamzin, or the version by Sergei Paramonov?
The entry is illustrated with a reproduction of Viktor Vasnetsov's painting "The Calling of the Varangians"
The book by Sergei Lesnoy can be downloaded here.
