A characteristic headdress was the grenadier, since the triangular hats worn by infantrymen at that time fettered the actions of the grenadiers. However, contrary to popular belief, it was not related to throwing grenades. Grenades were thrown from the bottom up, from under the arm. new type The grenadiers needed a headdress due to the fact that the gun in the grenadier units was worn on a belt over the shoulder, and would rest against the edge of a triangular hat. Other infantrymen were not burdened with grenades and could constantly carry a gun in their hands. Grenadiers were also worn by dragoons at that time - their hands were occupied with the reins of horses.
Grenadier's cap for a private of the Life Campaign. Russia, 1740-1760s. GIM
The first grenadiers were round, low, sometimes lined with fur. Later, headdresses became taller, acquired a pointed shape, and often ended in a bright tassel. The front of the grenadiers began to be decorated with rich embroidery, either with a relief brass plate, or a combination of both elements. As a rule, the entire grenadier was pointed, but in some cases the cap remained small and round in shape, but a pointed brass plaque was attached to it in front.
Created in 1671 from German volunteers, the Royal German Regiment always wore high hats, like grenadiers. This part gained its fame only in last days of its existence, since it was she who became a participant in the event that served as the reason for the storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, causing unspeakable discontent among the Parisians two days earlier, when the cavalrymen of this regiment hacked to death several demonstrators who had gathered in the Place Louis XV.
Mounted grenadiers
The company of mounted grenadiers of the Blue Retinue, which was part of the guards of the Royal House, was formed in 1676 by order Louis XIV. Its number in different time ranged from 88 to 150 cavalrymen. This company was intended to move in the vanguard of the cavalry troops of the Royal House, paving the way for them. It was a mixed-purpose unit, as needed, it could be used on horseback during field battles or in on foot, leading the units that stormed the fortifications. AT last case the grenadiers were to throw hand grenades. This company was the only one among the cavalry units of the Royal House, in which people of non-noble origin could be enlisted. Until the disbandment of the company in 1776, its apartments were located in Vitry-le-Francois, near Versailles.
Second half of the 18th century
Prussian grenadier (first from left), 1780.
The grenadier units were already at that time perceived precisely as elite, and received various privileges. For example, in many armies, the grenadier had a privilege to wear a mustache - the rest of the soldiers were clean-shaven. To achieve uniformity, grenadiers with light mustaches were often forced to paint them black, and those without mustaches glued or painted them. Otherwise, the uniform of the grenadiers more or less corresponded to the uniform of other infantry units. In addition, noticing that tall, tall soldiers often turned out to be more enduring, the grenadiers began to be specially selected for height, setting the lower bar - at least 170 centimeters, higher in many armies. Friedrich of Prussia, distinguished by a maniacal love for the army in general and for the grenadiers in particular, recruited high and strong people throughout Europe, bringing the lower limit of growth to almost 190 centimeters.
In the second quarter of the eighteenth century, the practice of sheathing grenadiers with bearskin returned. But the acute-angled shape of the caps was preserved.
Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
The soldiers enrolled in the Guards of the Directory were selected in the most careful way. They were all cavalrymen serving in royal army, with impeccable morals and a height of 178 to 184 cm. Bonaparte, becoming First Consul, immediately included this regiment in his consular guard, in whose ranks they took part in the battle of Marengo.
In 1804, this elite regiment, under the command of General Order, took first place among the regiments of the Imperial Guard.
nineteenth century
Foot grenadiers
Subsequently, the tactics of warfare changed, the use of grenades decreased, and the grenadiers were preserved only as units made up of selected soldiers. The French grenadiers also glorified their name in the era of Napoleon. They were armed with rifles with bayonets and sabers. They wore a shako, uniform and boots.
Mounted Grenadiers
- The British grenadiers were distinguished by ceremonial high bearskin hats.
- In Prussia and Austria, horse grenadiers were abolished in the 18th century.
In Russia
Hiking
In Russia, grenadiers appeared a little late - under Peter the Great. A grenadier company was formed in each infantry regiment, which was in line with European practice. However, to mid-eighteenth For centuries, the Russian army was dominated by entirely grenadier units - battalions and regiments of grenadiers. Like their European counterparts, the Russian grenadiers were armed with grenades (grenadiers), and the fuzei (a type of gun) of the grenadiers were slightly shorter and, therefore, lighter than general infantry, due to which they could rush behind their backs when throwing bombs.
Separate equestrian grenadier regiments in the Russian army existed in 1709-1725, 1756-1763. and 1790-1793. in quantities from 1 to 6.
Grenadier units were used for close combat in conditions trench warfare. Absence heavy weapons in small units and the realities of battles led to the replacement of the platoon with a larger one and "assault platoons" by 1917 gave way to "assault battalions".
The Second World War
- In Nazi Germany, the motorized (motorized) divisions of the Wehrmacht and the SS troops were called grenadiers (more precisely, panzer-grenadiers), and their soldiers, respectively, were grenadiers.
- In the USSR, during the Great Patriotic War, from November 17, 1941 to January 16, 1942, there was the 1st Grenadier Brigade - a military unit unique for the Red Army in name.
Modern grenadiers
- In Great Britain, a regiment of guards grenadiers is preserved as a ritual unit (the number does not exceed a battalion).
- Since the creation of the Bundeswehr in Germany, motorized rifle units in it (as in the Wehrmacht) are called "panzergrenadier" (English) Russian(German Panzergrenadiertruppe), and their soldiers, respectively, tank grenadiers ( literal translation) or panzergrenadiers.
- A company of paratrooper grenadiers appeared in Switzerland total strength 100 people, divided into three platoons.
E or Yo?
Correct to say " grenadier", through E.
Despite the widespread use of the letter “Yo” in this word in everyday life, it is erroneous.
Gallery
Grenadier of the British Guards in field uniform.
British grenadiers are distinguished by ceremonial bearskin hats and red coats. March of the Grenadiers of the Guard of Honor from Buckingham to St. James's Palace.
Grenadier of the infantry regiment of the Russian army 1700-1732
see also
Notes
Literature
- Yearbook of the Russian army, part 1.
Links
- Rakint V. Historical sketch of the centenary service and life of the Grenadier sappers and their pioneer predecessors 1797-1897. St. Petersburg, 1898 on the site
They used something resembling hand grenades. In Europe, the first hand grenades were used in the Spanish and Austrian armies, as well as in England during the Civil War.
A characteristic headdress was the grenadier, since the triangular hats worn by infantrymen at that time fettered the actions of the grenadiers. However, contrary to popular belief, it was not related to throwing grenades. Grenades were thrown from the bottom up, from under the arm. A new type of headgear was required by the grenadiers due to the fact that the gun in the grenadier units was worn on a belt over the shoulder, and would rest against the edge of a triangular hat. Other infantrymen were not burdened with grenades and could constantly carry a gun in their hands. Grenadiers were also worn by dragoons at that time - their hands were occupied with the reins of horses.
The first grenadiers were round, low, sometimes lined with fur. Later, headdresses became taller, acquired a pointed shape, and often ended in a bright tassel. The front of the grenadiers began to be decorated with rich embroidery, either with a relief brass plate, or a combination of both elements. As a rule, the entire grenadier was pointed, but in some cases the cap remained small and round in shape, but a pointed brass plaque was attached to it in front.
The grenadier units were already at that time perceived precisely as elite, and received various privileges. For example, in many armies, the grenadier had a privilege to wear a mustache - the rest of the soldiers were clean-shaven. To achieve uniformity, grenadiers with light mustaches were often forced to paint them black, and those without mustaches glued or painted them. Otherwise, the uniform of the grenadiers more or less corresponded to the uniform of other infantry units. In addition, noticing that tall, tall soldiers often turned out to be more enduring, the grenadiers began to be specially selected for height, setting the lower bar - at least 170 centimeters, higher in many armies. Friedrich of Prussia, distinguished by a manic love for the army in general and for the grenadiers in particular, recruited tall and strong people throughout Europe, bringing the lower limit of growth to almost 190 centimeters.
In the second quarter of the eighteenth century, the practice of sheathing grenadiers with bearskin returned. But the acute-angled shape of the caps was preserved.
Created in 1671 from German volunteers, the Royal German Regiment always wore high hats, like grenadiers. This unit gained its fame only in the last days of its existence, since it was she who became a participant in the event that served as the reason for the storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, causing unspeakable discontent among the Parisians two days earlier, when the cavalrymen of this regiment hacked to death several demonstrators who had gathered on Place Louis XV (now Place de la Concorde).
The soldiers enrolled in the Guards of the Directory were selected in the most careful way. They were all cavalrymen who served in the royal army, with impeccable morals and a height of 178 to 184 cm. Bonaparte, becoming First Consul, immediately included this regiment in his consular guard, in whose ranks they took part in the battle of Marengo.
In 1804, this elite regiment, under the command of General Order, took first place among the regiments of the Imperial Guard.
Mounted grenadiers
The company of mounted grenadiers of the Blue Retinue, which was part of the guards of the Royal House, was formed in 1676. by order of Louis XIV. Its number at different times ranged from 88 to 150 cavalrymen. This company was intended to move in the vanguard of the cavalry troops of the Royal House, paving the way for them. It was a mixed-purpose unit, as needed, it could be used on horseback during field battles or on foot, leading units that stormed fortifications. In the latter case, the grenadiers had to throw hand grenades. This company was the only one among the cavalry units of the Royal House, in which people of non-noble origin could be enrolled. Until the disbandment of the company in 1776, its apartments were located in Vitry-le-Francois, near Versailles.
Second half of the 18th century
Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
nineteenth century
Foot grenadiers
Subsequently, the tactics of warfare changed, the use of grenades decreased, and the grenadiers were preserved only as units made up of selected soldiers. The French grenadiers also glorified their name in the era of Napoleon. They were armed with rifles with bayonets and sabers. They wore a shako, uniform and boots.
- In the 19th century, grenadiers appeared in Latin America.
- Artillery brigades corresponding in number to grenadier divisions are also referred to as grenadier.
Mounted Grenadiers
- The British grenadiers were distinguished by ceremonial high bearskin hats.
- In Prussia and Austria, horse grenadiers were abolished in the 18th century.
see also
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .
Synonyms:In the section on the question Who are the grenadiers? given by the author Neurologist the best answer is grenadiers
(French grenadiers, from grenade - grenade), a kind of infantry in European armies 17th-20th centuries Initially, G. was called grenade launcher soldiers who appeared during Thirty Years' War 1618-1648. By the end of the 17th century. grenadier companies are formed in all European armies (for the first time in France in the 70s). G. intended for action in the head of the assault columns, on the flanks. At the beginning of the 18th century separate grenadier units appear. By the end of the 18th century G. are transformed into troops of choice in composition, which do not differ in armament and the nature of actions from the rest of the infantry. Limited distribution had equestrian G. who performed the same tasks as G. in the infantry.
In Russia, grenadier companies were first mentioned in 1694 in separate shelves. In 1704 they were introduced in all infantry and cavalry regiments. In 1708, the first grenadier regiments were formed, which existed in 1708-25 and 1756-1917 in numbers from 4 to 20. In 1811 they were consolidated into 2 divisions, in 1814 the Grenadier Corps was formed from 3 divisions. Horse grenadier regiments existed in 1709-25, 1756-63 and 1790-93 in numbers from 1 to 6. In 1831 the Life Guards Dragoon Regiment renamed Horse Grenadier. At the beginning of the 20th century the following grenadier units existed: in the guard - 1 cavalry and 1 infantry regiments and 1 company (palace g.), in the army - 16 infantry regiments combined into 4 divisions), 4 artillery brigades, 1 artillery battalion and 1 engineer battalion. 1st and 2nd grenadier divisions were part of the Grenadier Corps. G. had some differences in uniforms [the image of a burning Grenada (grenades) on headdresses, buttons, cassocks and buckles]. Preserved in the English guards (1 regiment); in the West German army "Panzer-G." were called motorized rifles.
Source: Yandex
Answer from Alexei[guru]
GRENADIERS - tall, mustachioed soldiers designed to throw grenades (grenades) in an era before their invention. Subsequently, the G. turned simply into heavy infantry. AT Russian army G., usually worn triangular caps from polished copper, granted to them for their courage in battle. In Germany, during the Second World War, divisions of the so-called Volkssturm were formed from the Volkssturm. "people's grenadiers", consisting of a male population aged 15 to 65 years old, suffering from tuberculosis and hemorrhoids.
Answer from get christened[guru]
Soldiers armed with hand bombs in addition to guns. The grenadiers were selected especially strong.
Answer from Request[active]
I can only join Alexey's answer.
The meaning of the word GRENADER in the Big Modern explanatory dictionary Russian language
GRENADIER
grenadier, grenadier
Serviceman - soldier or officer - selected infantry or cavalry units (originally - armed with hand grenades) (in the army Russian state until 1917 and in the armies of some European states) .
A tall, broad-shouldered man.
Large modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. 2012
See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is GRENADER in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- GRENADIER
[French grenadier] 1) in the 16th-19th centuries. a soldier trained in throwing hand grenades; 2) grenadiers - a select part of the infantry (cavalry) in many ... - GRENADIER in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
unfold GRENADER, a, b. pl. grenadier (with collected meanings) and grenadiers, grenadiers (with designation of individuals), m., soul., ist. AT … - GRENADIER in encyclopedic dictionary:
, -a, genus. pl. grenadier (with collected meanings) and grenadiers (with designation of individuals), m. In the royal and in some ... - GRENADIER in the Full accentuated paradigm according to Zaliznyak:
grenade "r, grenade" ry, grenade "r, grenade" ditch, grenade "r, grenade" r, grenade "r, grenade" ram, grenade "r, grenade" ditch, grenade "r, grenade" rum, grenade "rami, grenade" re, ... - GRENADIER in the Dictionary of synonyms of Abramov:
cm. … - GRENADIER in the dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian language:
giant, tall, colossus, ... - GRENADIER in the New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language Efremova:
m. 1) Soldier or officer selected - according to high growth- infantry or cavalry units, armed with hand grenades (in the army ... - GRENADIER in the Dictionary of the Russian Language Lopatin:
- GRENADIER full spelling dictionary Russian language:
grenadier, -a, r. pl. -der and... - GRENADIER in the Spelling Dictionary:
grenadier, -a, r. pl. -d`er and ... - GRENADIER in the Dictionary of the Russian Language Ozhegov:
In the tsarist and in some foreign armies: a soldier of some selected infantry regiments of the Palace Company ... - GRENADIER in the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language Ushakov:
grenadier, m. (fr. grenadier). Once a soldier of a special kind of troops armed with grenades, later a soldier from the elite part of the troops with a particularly tall ... - GRENADIER in the Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova:
grenadier m. 1) A soldier or officer of selected - tall - infantry or cavalry units, armed with hand grenades (in ... - GRENADIER in the New Dictionary of the Russian Language Efremova:
m. 1. A soldier - a soldier or officer - of selected infantry or cavalry units (initially - armed with hand grenades) (in the army ... - FREDERICK II THE GREAT in the Character Handbook and places of worship Greek mythology:
King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty, who ruled from 1740-1786. Son of Frederick William I and Sophia Dorothea of England. Zh.: from 1733 ... - EROPKINS
Eropkins - Russians noble families. The first of them comes from a descendant of Rurik in the 17th generation, Ivan Astafyevich, nicknamed Eropka. … - DOROKHOV IVAN SEMENOVICH in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Dorokhov, Ivan Semenovich - hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, lieutenant general (1762 - 1815). Studied in engineering cadet corps. In time … - FRIEDRICH (IN PRUSSIA)
(Friedrich). In Prussia: F. I (11.7.1657, Koenigsberg, - 25.2.1713, Berlin), prussian king from 1701; from 1688 to 1701 Elector of Brandenburg ... - UDINOT NICOLAS CHARLES in big Soviet encyclopedia, TSB:
(Oudinot) Nicolas Charles (April 25, 1767, Bar-le-Duc, - September 13, 1847, Paris), Marshal of France (1809), Duke of Reggio (1810). From a bourgeois family. In 1784-87 on ... - GORCHILIN ANDREI IVANOVICH in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
Andrei Ivanovich (party pseudonym - Grenadier), participant revolutionary movement in … - ERFURT CONGRESS
this is the name of the congress of sovereigns and ministers, held, at the request of Napoleon I, in the city of Erfurt from September 27 (15) to 14 ... - EXELMANN REMY-JOSEPH-ISIDOR in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
(Count Exelmans or Excelmans, 1775-1852) - French marshal. He began his service as a volunteer in 1791; distinguished himself in 1799 during ... - KINGDOM OF POLISH in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
(Kr?lewstwo Polskie) - the so-called part of Poland, annexed in 1815 to Congress of Vienna to Russia. AT recent times this is … - FRIAN in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
(Louis Friant) - count, one of the most fearless generals of the times of the revolution and the empire (1758-1829). In 1781, F. entered ...
