A. Akhmatova " Motherland».
The poem was written in 1961 in a hospital, on the verge of death; it is dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. In him we are talking not about the country as such, but about its eternal symbol- fertile chernozem, which farmers still revere as their breadwinner. In the poem, the poetess showed a simple philosophical view to the future. L. Chukovskaya in her notes about Akhmatova recalls: “I wanted to leave, “Native Land” really hit my nerves.”
Speaking about the Motherland, poets usually show love for their native land through the landscape. Akhmatova does not have it. The land is mentioned only in the title.
Multiple negatives in the first stanza:we don’t wear on our chests, we don’t compose, we don’t stir, it doesn’t seem - and confidence in the following:
For us itdirt on galoshes
Yes, this is for us.crunch on the teeth.
And we grind, and knead, and crumble
That unmixed dust, - lead the reader to the idea that the poetess is having a dispute-dialogue with someone. According to its genre, it is a sonnet. In three quatrains, the theme of the poem sounds, and in the last couplet (But we lie down in it and become it, That's why we call it so freely - our own .) is the result. The epigraph (the poem "I am not with those who left the earth" (1922) is very important for Akhmatova. in a key way both in the epigraph and in the poem there is “earth”: this is soil (dust, dirt), this is dust (dust, remains), this is the country, this is the Motherland. The image of the lyrical heroine is collective. The pronoun "we" indicates that she is part of the people. That is why the suffering of the lyrical heroine is the suffering of the people (recall Requiem).
The motif of death sounds very calm: "But we lie down in it and become it, that's why we call it so freely - ours." Akhmatova says that at any moment we can turn into dust, but at the same time, this is also a generational change.
These simple final lines contain the highest philosophical meaning: there is no need to speak high-flown words about the native land, it is enough just to remember that it, the native land, is part of such a concept as “homeland”.
Analysis of the poem
1. The history of the creation of the work.
2. Characteristics of the work lyrical genre(type of lyrics, artistic method, genre).
3. Analysis of the content of the work (plot analysis, characterization lyrical hero, motifs and tone).
4. Features of the composition of the work.
5. Analysis of funds artistic expressiveness and versification (the presence of tropes and stylistic figures, rhythm, meter, rhyme, stanza).
6. The meaning of the poem for the entire work of the poet.
The poem "Native Land" was written by A.A. Akhmatova in 1961. It was included in the collection "Wreath of the Dead". The work belongs to civil lyrics. Its main theme is the feeling of the motherland by the poet. The epigraph to it was the lines from the poem “I am not with those who left the earth ...”: “And in the world there are no people more tearless, Haughtier and simpler than us.” This poem was written in 1922. About forty years elapsed between the writing of these two works. Much has changed in Akhmatova's life. She survived terrible tragedy- her ex-husband, Nikolai Gumilyov, was accused of counter-revolutionary activities and shot in 1921. Son Leo was arrested and convicted several times. Akhmatova survived the war, famine, illness, the blockade of Leningrad. Since the mid-twenties, it has ceased to be published. However ordeal, the loss did not break the spirit of the poetess.
Her thoughts are still turned to the Motherland. Akhmatova writes about this plainly, sparingly, sincerely. The poem begins with a denial of the pathos of patriotic feeling. The love of the lyrical heroine for the Motherland is devoid of external expressiveness, it is quiet and simple:
AT cherished amulets do not wear on the chest,
We do not compose verses sobbingly about her,
She does not disturb our bitter dream,
Doesn't seem like a promised paradise.
We do not do it in our soul
The subject of buying and selling,
Sick, distressed, silent on her,
We don't even remember her.
Researchers have repeatedly noted the semantic and compositional similarity of this poem with the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Motherland". The poet also denies state-owned, official patriotism, calling his love for the Motherland "strange":
I love my homeland, but strange love!
My mind won't defeat her.
Nor glory bought with blood
Nor full of proud trust peace,
No dark antiquity cherished legends
Do not stir in me a pleasurable dream.
But I love - for what, I don’t know myself - ...
official, state Russia Lermontov contrasts natural and folk Russia - the breadth of its rivers and lakes, the beauty of forests and fields, the life of the peasantry. Akhmatova also seeks to avoid pathos in her work. For her, Russia is a place where she is ill, in poverty, experiencing hardships. Russia is “dirt on galoshes”, “crunch on the teeth”. But at the same time, this is the Motherland, which is infinitely dear to her, lyrical heroine as if grown together with her:
Yes, for us it is dirt on galoshes,
Yes, for us it is a crunch on the teeth.
And we grind, and knead, and crumble
That unmixed dust.
But we lie down in it and become it.
That is why we call it so freely - ours.
Here we involuntarily recall Pushkin's lines:
Two feelings are wonderfully close to us -
In them the heart finds food -
Love for native land
Love for father's coffins.
(Based on them from the ages
By the will of God
human self,
pledge of his greatness).
In the same way, Akhmatova's independence of a person is based on his inextricable, blood connection with his homeland.
Compositionally, the poem is divided into two parts. In the first part, the lyrical heroine refuses from excessive expression and pathos in the manifestation of her feelings for Russia. In the second, she denotes what the Motherland is for her. The heroine feels like an organic part of a single whole, a person of a generation, of her native land, inextricably linked with the Fatherland. The two-part composition is reflected in the metrics of the poem. The first part (eight lines) is written in free iambic. The second part is in three-foot and four-foot anapaest. The poetess uses cross and pair rhyming. We find modest means of artistic expression: epithet (“bitter dream”), idiom (“promised paradise”), inversion (“we do not do it in our souls”).
The poem "Native Land" was written in the final period of the poetess's work, in 1961. It was a period of summing up, memories of the past. And Akhmatova in this poem comprehends the life of her generation against the backdrop of the life of the country. And we see that the fate of the poet is closely connected with the fate of her Motherland.
The poem is called "Native Land" - this is a very important word for everyone. In fairy tales, heroes always carried a handful of their native land with them. And she helped them - she gave strength in battles. Even in the most dangerous moment rescued!
Here the author Anna (Akhmatova) writes that they do not wear this earth on their chests. In my opinion, in vain, but this means that the heroes of the poem are serious, adult people who do not believe in fairy tales. Even the heroes with her (Anna uses the word “we”) do not compose poems about the Motherland “sobbing”, that is, poems that would make one want to cry. And they don’t even dream of their native land ...
And their dreams are heavy. In reality, their land does not seem like paradise to them. (We also know at home that in other countries it is also often more fun and easier to live! But this did not make us love our country less.) And then good words that, on the other hand, they do not sell or buy their land. Probably, they would not have exchanged the house of their grandparents (even a very old one) for an apartment in a high-rise building in the very center of the city.
More heroes get sick and, in general, live poorly on this earth. Pity them. But this, of course, is not the fault of the Motherland. They don't specifically mention it. For them, it is just a natural part of life - the basis.
Anna asserts further (at the beginning of each line "yes") that the Motherland for "us" is only dust and dirt, which you only swear at. But then he calls her ashes. That is, this is what remains of the old days, from fires, from everything ... And what remains of everything. Their ashes will mix with that old one, so they have the right to call this land theirs.
There are many in the poem obsolete words, the meaning of which I can only guess ... There is also a beautiful and strange epigraph.
I liked the poem, although it could have been more optimistic. But I know that poetry, in general, is often sad. In sadness, you can notice such subtleties that slip away in fun. The verse is not very large, but capacious.
Option 2
The poem "Native Land" was written by Akhmatova when she was in one of the hospitals in Leningrad.
The work belongs to the civil - patriotic lyrics, filled with a sense of compassion, sincerity, mystery. The first years after the war were a rather difficult stage in the life of the poetess. Tragedies in the family, lack of freedom of speech and press, persecution and mass negative emotions. The poem, imbued with the spirit of patriotism, was created in secret from a wide public circle. The native land for Akhmatova continued to be such. Many poets and writers emigrated to hard times from the country, but Akhmatova, in spite of everything, continued to believe in the victory of truth and common sense.
"Native land" - the poem is saturated popular recognition. Pure love and honoring one's country, these are the feelings that permeate every line of the poem.
The work is not large in size and consists of only 14 lines, the first half is written in iambic meter, and the final part is in anapaest. Cross rhyming: "breasts - stir, we compose - paradise" gives a feeling of free composition.
It is important to note that the whole of Russia is represented in the image of the earth, which is famous for its fertile soil. It is precisely such a Russia (loose, dirty, but at the same time its own) that the Russian people observe in front of them day after day, for which Akhmatova writes.
The main theme is the image of a country dear and dear to the heart. Her image appears not majestic, but quite everyday. The native land in the understanding of the Russian people is a place of hard work.
The poem leads the reader to philosophical reflections. At the end, the author expresses his personal position regarding the understanding of what native land is. It becomes such only for those who live on it and go into it. Immediately, a parallel image of a mother arises in the mind of the reader, whom no one chooses and does not change throughout her life. Akhmatova managed to prove all devotion and loyalty by personal example. home country despite the difficulties and harassment from the authorities.
The work "Native Land" is not full of artistic means expressiveness, because Akhmatova had a desire to present everything simply and freely. The method of comparison used in the sentence: "We do not make the land in our souls an object of purchase and sale," emphasizes that the Motherland is one in the soul of a patriot.
Analysis of the poem Native Land Akhmatova
A lot of poets after the revolution in our country decided to move from hungry Russia to well-fed and monetary Europe. It should be noted that such a poetess as Anna Akhmatova also had quite a few opportunities to change her place of residence, but however, she did not decide to take advantage of any of them, sincerely believing that Russia is her homeland, and to leave her homeland means to betray her. That is why, when Anna received various similar offers from relatives and acquaintances, she experienced a strong sense of annoyance, sincerely not understanding how people can just take it and leave everything, setting off for an easy life.
That is why, after she experienced terrible and hard years in the life of our country in 1961, the poetess wrote the poem "Native Land". main goal of her work, Anna considers it possible to convey to more of people main idea, homeland - everyone has one, and leaving your homeland means betraying yourself.
But despite this, in this work it is not about the country, but about its fertile power, about its land. The earth that feeds and waters everyone, giving not only food, but also shelter, and much more.
However, it is worth noting that in the past, the attitude to the land was completely different, so the poetess considered it necessary to point out this fact too.
The fact is that by the time it was written this poem the tradition of worshiping the earth is a thing of the past, and a new direction has come to replace it. Now the land is treated, nothing more than natural resource.
But, it is worth noting that Anna Akhmatova considered herself one of those people who nevertheless understood the full significance of the earth for every person.
This is what she wanted to express in her poem, and she fully succeeded.
As for the various epithets, the poem is filled with them in full. Each used artistic element allows you to make this poem so bright, colorful and memorable.
In conclusion, I would like to say that even modern world, in the era developed humanity do not forget about the benefits the land gives us and how much a person receives from it, actually depending on it. Therefore, one simply cannot treat this natural resource obscenely and disrespectfully, considering it nothing more than just its opportunity to earn income. When you profit from land, don't forget to return replacements to it. Treat with respect what our ancestors have preserved for us for centuries.
Analysis of the poem Native land according to the plan
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1961 The poem "Native land" was written. At the Leningrad hospital in last years life of the poetess, with an epigraph from her own poem.
Why is the earth
An analysis of Akhmatova's poem "Native Land" should begin with an answer to the question: "Why is it the native land, and not the country, not Russia?"
The poem was written on the occasion of her twentieth anniversary. But Anna Andreevna writes not about the country, but about her native land, fertile soil - the nurse. By the sixties, the tradition of worshiping the earth remained in the past, but Anna Andreevna is sure that ethnic memory still lives in the souls of people. And yes, “this is dirt on galoshes,” but Russia is nowhere without it. This dirt feeds us and takes us into itself at the end life path. There is a great sense in the lines of the poetess. There is no need to write odes about the land, you just need to remember that this is part of our homeland.
The theme of the motherland has always sounded in the poetry of Anna Andreevna. It was not just devotion, but service to the motherland, in spite of any trials. Akhmatova has always been with the people. Near. Together. She didn't look at native people top to bottom, like other poets.
Why not Russia, but the land? Because the poetess perceives her homeland not as a country, but as the land on which she was born and lives. She does not accept political system, repression and war. But she loves her homeland, the people with whom she lives, and is ready to endure all hardships with them.
She wrote about this in 1922. “I’m not with those…” - it was from this poem that the last lines for the epigraph were taken. And for four decades, in spite of everything, her attitude to her native land has not changed. And there was a lot of tragedy in these 40 years, both in her fate and in the fate of the country.
The Importance of Backstory
An analysis of Akhmatova's poem "Native Land" cannot be complete if you do not know the life story of the poetess. It is impossible to understand how courageous and devoted one had to be in order not to give up her words and convictions of forty years ago, if one does not know what she experienced during these years.
The analysis of A. Akhmatova's poem "Native Land" should not be started in the traditional manner - with an analysis of rhymes and other things, this will not work. And you should start with what happened before writing this poem in the life of "Anna of All Russia", as her contemporaries called her. Only then will it become clear deep meaning works, all the bitterness and all the patriotism invested in it.
In 1921, Anna Andreevna learns that her close friend leaves Russia. And this is how she reacts to the departure of a loved one: she writes "I am not with those who left the earth." A poem written in next year and included in the collection Anno domini. In this poem, there is indignation, anger and a fully defined civil which should change in connection with subsequent events, but only strengthens.
Life between two poems
From 1923 to 1940, Anna Andreevna was not printed. And it's hard for her. She was subjected to indirect repression. But it wasn't the hardest part. In 1935, her son Leo was arrested. And also her husband, but he was soon released. And Lev Nikolaevich after brief release was arrested again. For five years, Akhmatova lived in tension and fear - whether her son would be pardoned or not.
In 1940, the wind of hope appears; the poetess is allowed to publish, some people are let out of Stalin's camps. But in 1941, the war begins. Hunger, fear, evacuation.
In 1946, when the grip of censorship seemed to have weakened, Anna Andreevna was expelled from the Writers' Union and forbidden to publish her collections. In fact, they are deprived of their livelihood. In 1949, the son of Anna Andreevna was again arrested, and again she stood in lines with parcels.
In 1951, it was restored in the Writers' Union. In 1955, a small house was allocated to the homeless poet in the village of Komarovo near Leningrad, after being evicted from the Fountain House in March 1952. However, they are in no hurry to publish it. And for several years, Akhmatova's poems have been published by samizdat.
In May 1960, Anna Andreevna begins to suffer several heart attacks, ordeals begin in hospitals. And in this state she is in the hospital at the time of writing "Native Land". What will and devotion it was necessary to have in order to carry through all the losses one’s love for the motherland and not change one’s civic position.
Traditional Akhmatova "Native land"
This work is about love for the motherland, but the word “love” itself is not in it. Analyzing Akhmatova's poem "Native Land", it is easy to understand that it is deliberately excluded. The poem is structured in such a way that even without this word it reveals all the love for the native land. For this, the two-part work is used, which is clear from the change in size.
The change in size is immediately evident when you analyze the poem "Native Land". Akhmatova clearly verified everything. iambic six-foot - the first 8 lines. Further, the transition to anapaest is three-foot, and after - four-foot. Yamb is a denial of what is not included in the understanding of the love of the poetess. Anapaest - statement simple definition. A person is a part of the earth, and to freely consider it one's own means to love.
It should also be noted the meaning of the word "land" itself, when analyzing the poem "Native Land". Akhmatova used them in pairs. The poem has two meanings. The first is the place where we live and die, a place that must not be abandoned, no matter what happens. The second is soil, dust, "crunching on the teeth." Everything is simple here. Both the epithets (“promised”, etc.) and “decorative” vocabulary (“beredite”, “ladanka”) remain in the first, iambic part. The second part consists of vernacular, no epithets. Everything is much simpler, but deeper. true love no need for pathos.
The revolution of 1917 completely turned the worldview and consciousness great poetess- Anna Akhmatova. She, despite dozens of opportunities to go abroad, rid herself of fear and hunger, did not do this. Inner voice prompted her that such an act can be called a real betrayal of the motherland. That is why Akhmatova remains in Russia and meets all obstacles with pride, with her head held high.
She survives death ex-husband she breaks up with best friends. A woman withstands the arrest of her own son, tries to find support and support in such difficult times, marry.
In 1961, from under her creative pen, the poetic work "Native Land" was published. Meaning creative work reveals not the very concept of the country, but of Russia, as fertile land, which with its rich black soil feeds not only grain growers, but also all its inhabitants.
By the beginning of the 60s, the tradition to love and sing of the native land was completely eradicated, disappeared. The poetess writes that no one wears earth in amulets, pressing it to his chest. However, Akhmatova is sure that memories of the wealth of the earth still remain in the memory of a person.
The 60s turned the earth into ordinary mud on galoshes. Hard work in the fields takes so much strength from people. And yet, without all this "dirt", Russia would not be able to live and exist.
The lines of the poetic work appropriately notice that even at the end of its life path, it is the earth that accepts a person. We lay down in it and become it.
This poetic work once again reminds us, the readers, that we need to appreciate everything that surrounds us, which helps us live, which makes our existence carefree and better.
