Ways of expressing future events in English language not a few, and each of them is responsible for his own, strictly limited, patrimony. Today we will study an aspect that allows us to designate completeness this action to the specified future time. Expressions with this meaning are typical examples of the future perfect, often found both in texts and in English speech. Let's get acquainted with their construction, usage situations and the contexts they convey. The form of this time is not at all complicated, but very useful for enriching speech.
English grammar allows you to use the future perfect in both active and passive predicates. Let us consider separately how these types differ and how the schemes for their construction look in sentences of various types.
Active voice
If it is necessary to express the action of the subject in an affirmative form, then to compose the predicate, you will need to take three elements: the founder verb of the future tense will, auxiliary have and participle of the past (participle II). According to the meaning of the aspect, the translation into Russian will be carried out by verbs perfect look.
- Our workers (1) will (2) have (3) finished (4) excavations by the next Friday Our workers will have completed the excavation by next Friday.
The construction will be the same for all numbers and types of nouns and pronouns, which is proved by the examples of sentences below.
- She will have cooked the chicken by 7 o'clock -She iscookchickento 7hours.
- I will have watched the film before the guests comeII will inspectmoviebeforeTogo,howwill comeguests.
Do not forget that when using clauses in the future tense, their predicate cannot take the form with will, therefore it is always expressed in one of the forms of the present.
When creating questions, the perfect future aspect is no different from other future tenses and also moves will to the beginning of the phrase. If the sentence contains a special question, then it takes the first place, and will follows it.
- Will you have learned the unit by the evening? -Youlearnthistopictoevening?
- When will he have written his book? -Whenhewill writemya book?
Expressions of negative shades are also built according to the rule already known to us: will + not, for the first person it is rare to use shall + not. Both in writing and in colloquial speech, abbreviations of the form won't / shan't are often used.
- Weshallnothaveopenedtheshopuntilwe lay out the goods We will not open the store until we have laid out the goods.
- The train won't have yet arrived by the time I finish work -Trainmorenotwill arrivetoto thattimehowIfinishwork.
And the last possible construction is interrogative sentences for negation in the future perfect. Their use can often be found in colloquial speech, in the sense of "isn't it ...?". Pay attention to behavior particles not in the full and abbreviated form of the predicate.
- Will you not have yet sent the fax by Wednesday? -IsyoumorenotsendthisFaxtoenvironment?
- Won'tshehavecutherhairbeforeshegoestothebirthday? Won't she cut her hair before going to the birthday party?
Let us dwell a little on the application of this aspect, although the main purpose of the future perfect has already been outlined by the examples given in the material. AT active pledge its use is dictated by only one situation: it is necessary to express an event that will start in the future and end by the time period specified in the expression. This period can be indicated both by a specific time moment and by the presence of a second action.
However, sometimes there are moments that require the use of this construction, but already in the passive. Let's consider them further.
Passive voice
The predicates of such forms express the actions performed on some object, but not by him, but by a third party. Since the object of actions comes to the fore in passive sentences, the subject that performs these actions will be expressed not by the subject, but by the complement. In addition to syntactic permutations, the main form of the predicate also changes.
For building the future perfect passive, it is necessary to take the construction of the statement of the active voice, and add only one element to it - the third form to be.
- The building (1) will (2) have (3) been (4) built (5) by the company "Leen" in two years(6) - This building will be built by Lin Company in two years.
Please note that in these constructions, the preposition by helps to denote not only time, but also the main performer. Often actor on different reasons may not be specified at all.
- The picture will have been exhibited in the city's museum by the next month –Tonextmonththispaintingwill beexhibitedinurbanmuseum.
Such sentences can also have interrogative and negative forms.
- Will the album have been recorded by Jack MacGrain by the 2019 year? -Thisalbumwill berecorded byJackMcGrainby 2019year?
- The film won't have been shown by the Second Channel until autumn begins -Thismovienotwill beshownSecondchannel,byenotwill beginautumn.
So, we have analyzed both pledges, which will be quite enough for an average level of English knowledge. For those who claim a higher grammatical level, it would not be superfluous to mention one more meaning of this aspect of time.
Exists a special case posing sentences in the future perfect of the active voice. It's about about its use for transmission modal expression must have done. In Russian, the analogue of this combination will be introductory words « most likely», « probably», « should be”, i.e. the speaker assumes that the specified actions were committed. It is noteworthy that in such a construction the meaning is opposite to the form: the future tense expresses past events.
- They will have noticed many mistakes in my letter -They are,maybe,noticedbunchmistakesinmineletter.
- Shewillhavereadaboutthesecasesinthemagazines She must have read about these cases in the magazines.
Note that such expressions are extremely rare in speech, but are quite actively used in journalistic, scientific and artistic texts.
Future Perfect examples of time indicators
Each category of tenses in English has its own signal words, i.e. circumstances of time, by which it is easy to determine the use of this group. Let's bring short list future perfect tense satellites, preposition and conjunctions of subordinate clauses.
- by the time, by the end, by …day, month, year and etc. - by a given time, by the end, by a day, month, year, etc. The most commonly used preposition with the perfect future;
- until/till - until (indicates the onset of the second action);
- before - before, before;
- when - when, at the time, how.
This article is dedicated to those who have achieved certain time Future Perfect is rarely used, but adds zest to the speaker's speech and makes it clear to the interlocutor that his knowledge of English grammar is simply excellent. it grammatical tense belongs to the category of complex future tenses and is used only in certain cases. The main condition for use is the end of the action by the specified date in the future.
Using the Future Perfect
AT English grammar this aspectual-temporal form refers to perfect (perfect) times. The Future Perfect form is tense, identical and past perfect, only for the future. The Future Perfect tense speaks of any action that will begin in the future and end by a certain date. future perfect examples
Indicators of the future perfect tense are certain pointer words. As mentioned above, if we want to express the end of the action and situation to certain moment, we use the Future Perfect. Examples of pointers of this time:
- by (to a certain point in the future);
- by the time (by a specific time);
- by then (until that time);
- by tomorrow (until tomorrow);
- before (before), until / till (before / before).
Untill and till are used exclusively in negatives. When is also a pointer.
Future Perfect: Example Sentences and Usage
Consider the cases when this time is used.
He plans to resign from work in a year. He will have worked for 6 years for this organization by then. He plans to quit his job in a year. By then he will have been with the organization for six years.
Please note that after using unions when, before, until/till the present tense is used, even if the situation itself in the Russian translation is described in the future tense. This is a feature of the Future perfect. Examples with translation into Russian are presented below.
She won't have stopped quarelling until we agree with her. She won't stop arguing until we agree with her.
Sam will have sold an old lorry before his mother returns from a trip to Alaska. Sam will sell the old truck before his mother returns from her trip to Alaska.
Future Perfect Education Formula
The formula for forming the future perfect tense is quite simple: subject + verb will have + verb c (if it is correct) or the third type of irregular verb.
I/You/He/She/We/ They + will have + semantic verb in the third form (which carries semantic load).
it general scheme Education Future perfect. Examples of constructing sentences:
- I will have redone this work by the time he arrives. I will redo this work by the time he arrives.
- Zak will have visited his granny by the end of spring. Zach will visit his grandmother before the end of spring.
Comparative analysis of Future Perfect and Future Perfect Continuous: usage examples
Often English learners are faced with the question: what time to choose, Future Perfect or Future Perfect Continuous?
Future Perfect long time- most rare language. It has one single function and is practically not used in the speech of native speakers. English and Americans usually use the future simple or continuous tense and other constructions to express future actions, with which English abounds. However, in one exceptional case, it is necessary to use the Future Perfect Continuous. Let's consider it in detail.
This aspect-temporal form describes a situation that will begin before another action in the future and will continue at this moment. With the help of this tense, emphasis is placed on the fact that the action will continue at some point.
- We will have been studying maths for 5 years next month. - We will start studying mathematics already for 5 years next month.
- By the first of April we will have been prepearing for an exam for a year. - The first of April will be the year we prepare for the exam.
It should be remembered that after by, when and some other unions, the future tense is not used. It is being replaced by the present. In the affirmative form of the perfect-long tense, to be is used in the aspect-temporal form of Future Perfect and the basic semantic verb, to which the so-called "ing" ending is added. Thus, unlike the future perfect tense, the emphasis here is on the duration of the action. Also, the second distinctive feature of a long time is that one situation occurs before another and will be completed at some time period or moment.
Future Perfect Tense is another temporal form of the English language that expresses an action that has taken place, but in the future tense. At first glance, this topic should cause many difficulties for a Russian-speaking person. But in fact, everything is quite simple. Future Perfect Tense simply specifies the future action. Meaning of Future Perfect Tense
What is Future Perfect Tense?
Future Perfect Tense (Future perfect tense) expresses an action or event that will be completed before a specified point in the future. The action expressed in the Future Perfect can be called “pre-future”, because. it will be over by the specified time.
As a rule, Future Perfect Tense is translated into Russian by the verb of the future tense of the perfect form. Often, when translating, the adverb "already" is added.
The future perfect tense of the English language is extremely rarely used both in colloquial speech and in writing. Usually it is replaced by a simpler temporary form - Future simple tense. The Future Perfect tense is used only when it is necessary to emphasize that the action will be completed exactly by the specified moment in the future.
Rules for the formation of Future Perfect Tense
Future Perfect Tense is formed using the auxiliary verb to have in Future Simple Tense (will have / shall have) and past participles of the semantic verb (Past Participle).
The Past Participle is formed by adding the ending -ed to regular verbs. In the case of irregular verbs - you need to refer to the III form in the table irregular verbs.
Subl. + will have / shall have + Past Participle ...
For education interrogative sentence must endure auxiliary will / shall in the first place before the subject, and leave the rest of the temporary form (have and Past Participle) after the subject.
Will/ Shall + Gen. + have + Past Participle …
Negative sentences are formed using the negative particle not, which is placed after the first auxiliary verb Will / Shall. In colloquial speech, they merge into one:
- will not - won't
- shall not - shan't
Subl. + will/ shall + not + have + Past Participle ...
Conjugation table of the verb to develop in Future Perfect Tense
| Number | Face | affirmative form | Interrogative form | negative form |
| Unit h. | 1
2 3 |
I shall/ will (I"ll) have developed He/ She/ It will (he "ll/ she'll) have developed |
Shall/ Will I have developed? Will you have developed? Will he/ she/ it have developed? |
I shall/ will not (shan "t/ won't) have developed He/ She/ It will not (won't) have developed |
| Mn. h. | 1
2 3 |
We shall/ will (we"ll) have developed You will (you "ll) have developed They will (they'll) have developed |
Shall/ Will we have developed? Will you have developed? Will they have developed? |
We shall/ will not (shan "t/ won't) have developed You will not (won't) have developed They will not (won't) have developed |
Future Perfect Tense is used:
I. To express a future action that will be completed before a certain moment in the future tense. This moment can be specified:
1. With such circumstantial words that indicate the time by which the action will be completed:
- by 2020 - by 2020
- by that time
- by the end of the week
- by Monday - by Monday
- By the end of the week I shall have given up smoking - By the end of the week I will quit smoking
- We will have left this countryside by the end of the year - We will leave the village by the end of this year
- By Saturday she'll have finished her project - By Saturday, she will have finished her project
An example of using Future Perfect Tense 2. Another future action in the subordinate clause of time and condition expressed by the verb in present simple Tense. It is assumed that by the beginning of this action, the action in the main clause (expressed by the verb in the Future Perfect Tense) will already have ended. As a rule, with such unions as:
- before - before
- when - when
- I'll have seen you before you leave - I'll see you before you leave
- He'll have left before I arrive at the station - He will leave before I arrive at the station
- We'll have repaired this fridge before you return - We will fix this refrigerator before you return
But in the subordinate clauses themselves, instead of Future Perfect Tense, they use Present Perfect Tense. Example:
- I’ll buy you an ice-cream if you have done your lessons − I’ll buy you ice cream if you do your homework
3. This point can be understood from the context. Example:
- 2 years! Everyone will have forgotten us! - 2 years! Everyone will already forget us!
II. To express a past intended action. In this case, the use of Future Perfect Tense is not related to the future tense, it replaces the construction must + Perfect Infinitive. Such sentences are translated into Russian in the past tense with the words "probably" or "should be." Examples:
- They'll have heard the news about my father's new invention - They must have heard about my father's new invention
- The viewer will have noticed their positive attitude to any form of democracy - The viewer probably noticed them positive attitude to any form of democracy
Although Future Perfect Tense is very rare in English, don't neglect learning it. Who knows, you may have to face him more than once.
Watch the following video tutorials on the topic:
"Future Perfect Tense - Future Perfect Tense"
Having studied the basics of English grammar and backing them up with a decent vocabulary, you can safely begin to delve into topics that linguists refer to as Intermediate (intermediate) and Advanced (advanced) levels. So, for example, the times of the group Perfect can be attributed to such topics. Due to the fact that they have no analogues in Russian and are actively replaced by the tenses of the Simple group in English, the tenses of the perfect are often avoided without even trying to understand their meaning. However, this group is not at all complex and interesting. As proof, let's take a closer look at one of them, namely Future time perfect.
Future Perfect Tense or Future Perfect Tense in English is a tense used to express an action that will happen up to a certain point in the future. Perhaps it can be safely called one of the most rarely used tenses.
- I will have completed my final exams by June. (By June, I will have completed all my final exams.)
- John will have started his project by Monday. (John will start his project by Monday.)
- We will have finished our dinner by 9 pm. (By 9 p.m. we will have finished our lunch.)
Unlike, without knowing Future Perfect, you can easily communicate with native speakers, watch movies, read books, and even work. Now the time of Future Perfect is rather used by true aesthetes of the English language, but this does not mean at all that it is not necessary to study it. If you use this time for its intended purpose, believe me, they will pay attention to it, which means they will understand that your knowledge of English deserves praise and respect.
In addition, there are certain situations in which this time will help you express yourself correctly and focus on certain moments of the future. Another no less pleasant reason is that, like any other difficult time, there are very, very few cases of using the Future Perfect. Based on the above advantages of studying the future perfect tense, we will consider the rules for the formation, forms and methods of using the Future Perfect.
Education Future Perfect should not cause you any difficulties if you are already familiar with other representatives Perfect bands and at times Future. Time is formed with the help of two verbs: auxiliary and semantic. The semantic role is played by the verb to have in the form of a simple future tense. In other words, the auxiliary verb will is placed before the verb have. The auxiliary tense verb Future Simple does not change in numbers and tenses, always remaining unchanged:
| I You |
will have |
| He She It |
will have |
| We You They |
will have |
It is worth noting that earlier for the pronouns of the 1st person in the future tense, the verb shall was used. Now it is very rare to meet him in the future, and even more so in the perfect future, which is practically not used anyway. However, this form must be kept in mind to avoid misunderstandings.
To form a semantic verb, past participles (Participle II) are used, which have two forms applicable to different types verbs. The formation of the past participle with regular verbs occurs by adding the ending -ed.
If you have difficulty adding an ending, study the appropriate topic.
With irregular verbs, participles are formed without following any rules. They are usually indicated in the third column of the table of irregular verbs and you just need to try to remember them.
Future Perfect: sentence forms
Now let's move on to sentence forms to understand how to use formed verbs.
Affirmative sentences in Future Perfect
The affirmative form of sentences in Future Perfect Tense is built according to standard formula: auxiliary and semantic verbs follow after the subject.
Don't forget that English verbs can be expressed in active voice (the Active Voice) and passive voice(the Passive Voice). In the examples above, the verbs are used in the active voice. In such sentences, the subject performs an action. However, in order to show that the subject is affected by someone else, the Passive Voice must be used.
Future Perfect Passive is formed by adding the verb to be in the third form (been) before the semantic verb:
Negative sentences in Future Perfect
In the negative future form, the negative particle not is used between will and have:
The rule is preserved for sentences with Passive Voice:
| The expectations will not have been justified. | Expectations will not be met. |
In both affirmative and negative forms, the following abbreviations are often used in speech:
| Full form | Short form | |
| +
statement |
I will have escaped. She will have managed. They will have observed. |
I'll have escaped. She'll have managed. They'll have observed. |
| —
negation |
We will not have written. It will not have been noticed. You will not have decided. |
We won't have written. It won't have been noticed. You won't have decided. |
Interrogative sentences in Future Perfect
The interrogative form is formed based on the type of questions:
- For general question word order changes: the auxiliary verb will comes before the subject:
Such questions need a short answer:
- Alternative questions practically do not differ from the general ones. They only have a second subject, a semantic verb, or another member of the sentence to provide a choice, which is connected to the first word with the conjunction or. Formula for clarity:
This question requires a complete answer:
| We will have to come. | We'll come. |
| They will have to come. | They will come. |
| Neither we nor they will have come. | Neither we nor they will come. |
| Both we and they will come. | Both we and they will come. |
- AT special issues the form of the general question is retained, but interrogative words are added before the auxiliary verb will:
Special questions also need a detailed answer:
In such a question, the answer will contain only the auxiliary verb will have:
| + | Yes, she will have. | Yes, he will write. |
| — | No, she won't have. | No, he won't write. |
Future Perfect: Usage
Having analyzed the formation and forms of sentences of the future perfect tense, let's move on to its use in practice. The Future Perfect is used in the following situations:
- When it is necessary to express a future action that will occur up to a certain point in the future. As a rule, in such constructions there are certain pointers by which you can navigate. These include the preposition by (for some time) and its derivatives: by tomorrow (tomorrow), by Friday (to Friday), by spring (to spring), by the end of the day/ week / month / year (by the end of the day / week / month / year), by 2020 (by 2020), by then / by that time (by that time). They are used as time markers, indicating by what time period an action needs to be taken. Consider examples:
Often in such sentences there may be a preposition-pointer at (at) with time:
| I will have been in France at 7 o'clock in the morning. | I will be in France at 7 o'clock in the morning. |
| Theo will have finished work at 5 p.m. | Theo will finish work at 5 pm. |
Although this preposition is translated differently, it implies the same thing as the preposition by: by such and such a time the action will be completed.
- The future perfect can also be used in conditional and tense clauses, where the main clause is used in the Future Perfect tense and the subordinate clause in the Present Simple. Do not confuse the order by replacing Future Perfect Simple time otherwise the sentence will be invalid.
Such sentences are used to show that the action in the main clause has already ended by the time the action in the subordinate clause takes place. The input of the subordinate clause is carried out by temporary markers: before (before), when (when), until / till (until). The last pair is usually used in negative sentences.
- Sometimes the Future Perfect can be used without pointers if its choice is explained by the context. In such cases, a certain moment in the future is indicated before the sentence in the Future Perfect Tense:
- The Future Perfect tense is also used when future actions continue beyond a certain point. In such constructions, for is found in the meaning of “during”, and with the translation into Russian, such sentences often have the adverb “already”:
In this case, try not to confuse Future Perfect and Future Continuous. The Future Continuous is used to convey prolonged action at a certain point in the future. Future Perfect in this construction shows that by a certain moment the action will happen and will continue. Compare:
- In addition to the above cases, Future Perfect can also act as the past tense, replacing the construction must + Perfect Infinitive. This usage is acceptable when you need to make assumptions about the past. The Russian analogue of such a construction can be sentences with the words “should”, “maybe”, “probably”.
You can talk about times for a long time, but Future Perfect is not the case. As you can see, with this time everything is quite simple. In fact, it is used only for two situations in the future and the past, so it will be quite easy to study and understand it. In order to remember the nuances of this time and use it correctly, practice the language by immersing yourself in the language environment, compose your own examples and periodically return to this page.
Many people think that once Future Perfect(completed tense) belongs to the most difficult group of English tenses (Perfect), it is not easy to master it.
But this is not so, and now you will see everything for yourself.
This tense is used when you want to say that in the future you will do something by a certain moment. For example: “I will lose weight by the summer. She will have finished the report by Wednesday. We'll fix the car before my father comes."
As you can see, we say that in the future we will get a certain result in the future, therefore this is perfect - perfect tense.
Knowing this time will greatly diversify your speech and make it richer.
In this article, I will explain to you when to use the Future Perfect and how to correctly build sentences in this tense.
From the article you will learn:
If you are unfamiliar with Perfect times, I advise you to start with the following articles:
Rules for using the Future Perfect tense in English
When we use the Future Perfect
1. Time Future Perfect (future perfect / completed) we use when we say that we will finish something (we will get a result) by a certain point in time in the future.
For example: I will have read this book by the weekend.
2. This tense can also be used to say that one action will end before another happens.
For example: They will clean the apartment before their parents arrive.
As you can see, understanding the use of this time is very simple. Let's take another look at an illustrative example.
For example, today you are thinking of writing a book, or maybe you have even started writing it. And you tell your friends that by the end of the year (one month, one week, etc.) you will write it. That is, you will have a finished result - a written book.
So that you do not confuse Future Perfect with other future tenses, let's look at their difference.
Difference between Future Perfect, Future Simple and Future Continuous
All these 3 tenses are very easy to distinguish. Let's see how they differ.
Difference between Future Simple and Future Perfect
Future Simple is translated as "future simple".
We use it when we talk about an action that will happen in the future. Read more about this time.
Let's look at an example:
I will fly to New York.
I will fly to New York.
In this sentence, we are talking about action as fact which will happen in the future.
Now let's look at the sentence in Future Perfect:
In this sentence, you are saying that by a certain point in the future (Friday), the action will already be over and you will receive result You will be in New York City.
Difference between Future Continuous and Future Perfect
Future Continuous is translated as "future continued".
We use this tense when we want to emphasize duration of action. That is, the action will begin in the future and will last for some time. You can read more about this time in this article.
Let's look at an example:
I will be flying to New York this time.
I will be flying to America at this time.
That is, we say that in the future we will sit on a plane and will be in the process of flying for some time.
Let's go back to our proposal in Future Perfect:
I will have flown to New York by Friday.
I'll be in New York by Friday.
You do not care how long you will be in flight, that is, the duration / process of action. important to you result- your landing and location in New York.
Tenses comparison table: Future Perfect, Future Simple and Future Continuous
| Time | Example | What do we focus on | |
| Future Simple |
I will clean my room. |
We talk about an action as a fact that will happen in the future. |
|
| Future Continuous |
I will be cleaning my room for 2 hours. |
We emphasize the duration of the action that will occur in the future. That is, the action will begin in the future and will continue for some time. |
|
| Future Perfect | I will have cleaned my room by evening. I will have cleaned my room by evening. |
We say that the action will end by a certain moment in the future, and we will get the result. | |
Education of the Future Perfect tense in English
Sentences in the completed future tense are formed using:
- auxiliary verb have which we putinto the future tense, adding will to it. It turns out will have;
- verb in the past tense.
Verbs in the past tense
Verbs in the Future Perfect are in the past tense. There are regular and irregular verbs in English. Depending on the verb, this form is formed as follows:
- if the verb is correct, then we add the ending -ed to it: cook - cooked, finish - finished.
- if the verb is irregular, then we put it in the 3rd form: do - done, eat - eaten
There is no rule by which one can determine the correct or irregular verb in front of us. The only way to find out is by looking it up in a dictionary or memorizing it.
The same is true for the forms of irregular verbs. They must be memorized or looked up in a dictionary.
The scheme for the formation of an affirmative sentence in Future Perfect (future perfect tense):
Actor + will have + regular verb with ending -ed or 3rd form of an irregular verb
| I | ||
| You | ||
| We | read | |
| They | will have | finished |
| She | cooked | |
| He | ||
| It |
I will have cleaned our home by the time you come.
I will have cleaned our house by the time you arrive.
She will have passed her exams by the end of summer.
She will pass her exams by the end of the summer.
Complex sentences in Future Perfect
If you are talking about an action that will be completed before some other action happens in the future, then:
- in the first part we use Future Perfect (future completed) - we are talking about an action that we will finish in the future
- In the second part of the sentence, we use the present tense ( Present Simple) - we are talking about the action that will happen after.
Wherein the verb (action) in the part where we use Present Simple will be in the initial form.
For example:
I will have read this article before you return.
I will read this article before you return.
If in the second part the character is he she it, we add ending -s to our verb (action):
They will have cooked dinner by the time she come s.
They will have prepared dinner by the time she arrives.
Abbreviations
We can abbreviate will in such a sentence.
will = "ll
For example:
They "ll have built a house by the winter.
They will build a house for winter.
Words used in the future perfect tense
Very often in Future Perfect tense we use the following expressions:
by…- to…
by the end of…- by the end…
by the time…- by the time when…
by then- by that time
before- before
when- when
She will have finished it by the end of month.
She will finish it by the end of the month.
They will have built this house by then.
They will have built this house by then.
We will have fixed it by Monday.
We'll fix it by Monday.
Negative sentences in Future Perfect in English
To say that you won't finish an action by a certain point, we use negation.
To form a negative sentence in the future completed tense, we add to the auxiliary verb will negative particle not.
Negative sentence scheme in Future Perfect:
Actor + will + not + have + regular -ed verb or 3rd form of an irregular verb
| I | |||
| You | |||
| We | read | ||
| They | will not | have | finished |
| She | cooked | ||
| He | |||
| It |
He will not have repaired a car by then.
He won't have fixed the car by then.
We will not have read an article by the time she calls.
We won't have read the article by the time she calls.
Reduction
We can abbreviate will and not as follows:
will + not = won't
For example:
They won't have finished his work by evening.
He won't finish his work by tonight.
Interrogative sentences in Future Perfect in English
To ask if something will be finished by a certain time, we put will at the top of the sentence.
Interrogative sentence scheme in Future Perfect:
Will + character + have + regular -ed verb or 3rd form of an irregular verb
| I | |||
| you | |||
| we | read? | ||
| Will | they | have | finished? |
| she | cooked? | ||
| he | |||
| it |
Will they have painted the walls before we return?
Will they paint the walls before we get back?
Will she have watched the movie by then?
Will they have seen the movie by then?
Question answers in Future Perfect
The answer to the question can be positive or negative.
Also we can give:
- short answer
- full answer
Short positive answer in the future perfect tense contains the word yes, the protagonist and the auxiliary verb will have:
Will will have.
Will they make it by Friday? Yes.
Short no answer starts with no, and we add the particle not to will.
Will won't have.
Will they make it by Friday? No.
Full positive response looks like affirmative sentence, only at the very beginning we put yes.
Will they have done it by Friday? Yes, they will have done it by Friday .
Will they make it by Friday? Yes, they will do it by Friday.
Full negative answer looks like a negative sentence, only at the very beginning we put no.
Will they have done it by Friday? No, they won't have done it by Friday .
Will they make it by Friday? No, they won't make it by Friday.
So, we have analyzed the time of Future Perfect. Let's practice making sentences at this time.
Reinforcement task
Translate the following sentences into English:
1. He will buy new car by that time.
2. She won't cook dinner before we come.
3. Will they have completed this project by the end of the year?
4. He will have painted this picture by Friday.
5. We will not have translated the article by 5 o'clock.
6. Will you be back by the time we leave?
