Interesting and useful information for schoolchildren about the Victory Day holiday.
On May 9, Victory Day is celebrated in Russia. Victory Day over Nazi Germany in the Great Patriotic war. The war began on June 22, 1941. All our people rose up to fight against fascist german invaders: queues lined up at the military registration and enlistment offices, sometimes they went to the front directly from school bench. Only women, children and the elderly remained behind. They worked in factories, dug trenches, built fortifications, extinguished incendiary bombs on the roofs. And also - raised children, saved the future of the country. The main motto of the whole people was: "Everything for the front, everything for victory!"
But despite the heroic resistance, the enemy was irresistibly approaching Moscow. To deceive German pilots who bombed Moscow Kremlin wall houses and trees were drawn. The domes of the Kremlin cathedrals did not shine with gold: they were painted with black paint, and the walls were smeared with green and black stripes. Our fighters also blocked the way for enemy aircraft. A division under the command of General Panfilov fought on the outskirts of Moscow. At railway siding Dubosekovo, twenty-eight of our soldiers with political instructor Vasily Klochkov stopped the fascist tank column. Klochkov, before the start of a fierce battle, uttered a phrase that became historic: "Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - Moscow is behind." Almost all Panfilov's heroes died, but they did not let the enemy tanks to Moscow.
As we progress Hitler's army to the east in the territories occupied by the Germans began to emerge partisan detachments. The partisans blew up fascist trains, organized ambushes and surprise raids.
Berlin has fallen. The war of the Soviet and other peoples against German fascism ended in complete victory. But the price of this victory was great and bitter. Our country lost about 27 million people in this terrible war.
On May 9, 1945, Moscow was lit up with a salute to the long-awaited victory. Our entire country celebrated the first day of peace with jubilation. Muscovites, leaving their homes, hurried to Red Square. On the streets, the military were hugged, kissed, grabbed in an armful and rocked, tossing the seething sea of people over their heads. At midnight, fireworks never seen before struck. Thirty volleys from a thousand guns were fired.
May 9 holiday has become sacred for each of us. We should all remember the past and give thanks older generation for the great victory.
How to celebrate May 9th with your family
On this holiday, you should definitely congratulate all the veterans you know. A terrible fate was prepared for many peoples by fascist fanatics. They wanted to wipe entire nations off the face of the earth, leaving them without a future - without children. There was not a single family in our country that this war did not bring grief. And we are all born after this terrible war, should be grateful for their lives to veterans of the Great Patriotic War! Buy a few carnations with mom or dad that day, go to the city park. You will surely see people there with orders and medals on their chests. There are fewer and fewer heroes of that war every year. Come and congratulate such a person on the holiday, give him a flower or just a postcard. He will be very pleased that even the smallest Russians remember his feat.
And in the evening, when the whole family is together, ask your parents to show you Family album. Surely there will be photos of the war years of your great-grandfathers and great-grandmothers. These photographs are black and white, sometimes reddened from time to time. Let adults remember the names and surnames of those who look at you from the album pages, remember where your great-grandfathers worked and served during and after the war. If the photos are not signed, sign them with mom and dad. Then you can flip through and sign dad's army photos or student photos of mom and dad. And now your childhood photos are smiling from the album. They are bright, elegant, colorful. This is what those who will forever remain “black and white” dreamed about and fought for. All photographs must be signed. Because memory is short-lived. And “what is written with a pen cannot be cut down with an axe.” Someday you yourself will leaf through this album with your son or daughter and tell them the story of your family. In Russia, it has long been about people who do not remember family traditions, dismissively said: "Ivan, who does not remember kinship." Let's cherish, preserve and increase the history and traditions of our family!
You can finish this slightly sad holiday with songs of the war years. They are known and loved in every Russian family. And, of course, main song this holiday - "Victory Day". Before you sing it all together, you need to stand up and honor the memory of all the dead soldiers of the front and rear with a minute of silence.
Song "Victory Day"
Music: David Tukhmanov
The words: Vladimir Kharitonov
Victory Day,
how far he was from us,
Like in an extinct fire
coal melted.
There were miles
burnt, covered in dust,
We have approached this day
as they could.
Chorus:
This Victory Day
smell of gunpowder
This is a holiday
with gray hair at the temples.
It's joy
with tears in his eyes.
Victory Day!
Victory Day!
Victory Day!
Days and nights
at open-hearth furnaces
Our Motherland did not close
Days and nights
fought a hard battle -
We have approached this day
as they could.
Chorus.
Hello mother,
We didn't all return...
Barefoot to run
Half of Europe walked
half of the earth,
We have approached this day
as they could.
Chorus.
Legendary victory in the Great Patriotic War, legendary date
May 9, 1945, Victory Day, became a great day in history modern humanity. A victory was won over the spreading fascism.
How did it all happen
Root fracture during Battle of Stalingrad led to the fact that the Wehrmacht army began to retreat and when Soviet troops were already in Berlin, General Krebs turned to Stalin with peace talks. But, Joseph Vissarionovich, he didn’t want to hear about anything other than German surrender. German leadership got time to think. After receiving no response, the army Soviet Union opened fire on the remaining Berlin defense army. Recent fights continued from May 1, 1945. May 7 German side signed the act of surrender, but the Soviet command had an order to sign a completely different document. At one in the morning on May 9, 1945 (23 hours on May 8 in Berlin), the act of unconditional surrender Nazi Germany. After that, the peace treaty was never signed. In fact, the end of the war between the Soviet Union and Germany ended only on January 25, 1955.
Victory Day celebration today
And to this day the whole world remembers the great feat of the peoples. 71 years have already passed since the signing of the surrender of Germany, but nothing is forgotten, no one is forgotten. May 9, 1954
Victory Day is celebrated all over the world.
In Russia, Victory Day is celebrated throughout the country. On this day, television broadcasts a festive parade in Moscow, as well as broadcasts live broadcasts from hero cities. Also to the audience, as a reminder of the victory, television shows war films.
Due to time confusion, victory celebrations in a number of European countries take place on the 8th and 9th. English, the only European country celebrating this day on the 9th of May. They celebrate the holidays with restraint and Victory Day is no exception.
In France, the victory is celebrated with a parade and a speech by the president. But apart from this significant date, the French have others important dates associated with World War II.
because of a large number Russians, Israel celebrates Victory Day, but without undue solemnity. And also in Svalbard (Norway), the Russian language is considered official and unofficially Victory Day is celebrated there.
But the Serbs celebrate with all the splendor, including the parade.
Countries former USSR celebrate this date with parades, presidential speeches and the laying of wreaths. Today in Ukraine there is political situation in such a way that the government and radical organizations are trying to destroy the monuments associated with the Soviet Union and call the USSR occupiers.
Germany celebrates the holiday, but veterans receive congratulations, no matter which side they fought on.
Victory Day holiday of the victory of the people of the Soviet Union over Nazi Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Celebrated May 9th. Non-working day in Abkhazia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Transnistria, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine and South Ossetia.
Story
The history of the Victory Day holiday has been going on since May 9, 1945 when in the suburbs of Berlin the chief of staff supreme command Field Marshal V. Keitel from the Wehrmacht, Deputy Supreme Commander-in-Chief Marshal of the USSR Georgy Zhukov from the Red Army and Air Marshal of Great Britain A. Tedder from the Allies signed an act of unconditional and complete surrender of the Wehrmacht.
Berlin was taken on May 2, but German troops resisted the Red Army for more than a week before fascist command, in order to avoid unnecessary bloodshed, the decision was finally made to surrender. But before that, Stalin signed a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR that from now on May 9 becomes public holiday Victory Day and declared a holiday. At 6 o'clock in the morning Moscow time, this Decree was read out on the radio by the announcer Levitan. The first Victory Day was celebrated by people on the streets congratulating each other, hugging, kissing and crying.
On May 9, in the evening, the Victory Salute was given in Moscow, the largest in the history of the USSR: thirty volleys were fired from a thousand guns. But May 9 was a day off for only three years. In 1948, the war was ordered to be forgotten and all forces to be thrown into the restoration of the war-ravaged National economy. Only in 1965, already in the era of Brezhnev, the holiday was again given its due. May 9 again became a day off, Parades resumed, large-scale fireworks in all cities - Heroes and honoring veterans. Abroad, Victory Day is celebrated on May 9 and May 8. This is due to the fact that the act of surrender was signed on Central European time on May 8, 1945 at 22:43. When in Moscow, with its two hour time difference, May 9 has already arrived.
War-torn Europe also celebrated Victory Day sincerely and publicly. May 9, 1945 in almost all European cities people congratulated each other and the victorious soldiers. In London, Buckingham Palace and Trafalgar Square were the center of celebrations. People were congratulated by King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. Winston Churchill delivered a speech from the balcony of Buckingham Palace. In the USA, there are two whole Victory Days: V-E Day(Victory Day in Europe) and V-J Day(Victory Day over Japan). Both of these Victory Days in 1945 were celebrated by the Americans on a grand scale, honoring their veterans and remembering President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who did so much for the Victory and did not live to see it for less than a month (he died on April 12, 1945) 
Banner of Victory
The banner taken from the Reichstag, where Yegorov and Kantaria hoisted it, did not participate in the first Victory Parade. The name of the 150th division, where the soldiers served, was displayed on it, and the country's leadership considered that such a banner could not be a symbol of the Victory, which was achieved by the whole people, and not by one division. This historical injustice was corrected only much later, already in Brezhnev time. In 2007, a dispute flared up again around the banner of Victory: after all, you can see a sickle and a hammer on it - symbols of a state that no longer exists. And again common sense prevailed, and the banner again proudly flew over the ranks of soldiers and cadets, minting a step across Red Square.
Traditions and attributes of May 9 - Victory Day.
In addition to the festive victory parades in the cities of the country, Victory Day has other attributes and traditions:
Laying wreaths and flowers at memorial cemeteries and monuments to soldiers of the Great Patriotic War. Traditionally, flowers are laid on the Poklonnaya Hill and at the monument unknown soldier, in St. Petersburg, the main laying ceremony takes place on Piskarevsky cemetery and at the memorial plaque on Nevsky Prospekt, in Volgograd on Mamaev Kurgan. And throughout the country, thousands of thousands of monuments, commemorative plaques and memorial places, where on Victory Day on May 9, everyone, young and old, bring flowers.
A moment of silence. Solemn and mourning flower-laying ceremonies are traditionally accompanied by a minute of silence in memory of all those who died during the Great Patriotic War. A moment of silence is a sign of respect for all the people who gave their lives so that today we could have a peaceful sky above our heads. 
Salute of victory. Victory Day ends with fireworks. The first salute in Moscow was given in 1943 in honor of successful offensive Red Army, after that there was a tradition to arrange salutes after successful actions With Hitler's troops. And, of course, one of the most grandiose salutes was the salute on May 9, 1945, on the day the complete surrender was announced. fascist troops. Fireworks began at 22:00 Moscow time, since then, every year at 22:00, Victory salutes begin in many cities, reminding that the country has survived, overthrown the invaders and rejoices! 
St. George Ribbon. St. George ribbon - bicolor (two-color) of orange and black. It traces its history from the ribbon to the soldier's order of St. George the Victorious, established on November 26, 1769 by Empress Catherine II. This tape with small changes entered the award system of the USSR as the “Guards Ribbon” - a badge special distinction soldier. She is covered with a block of a very honorable "soldier's" Order of Glory. The black color of the ribbon means smoke, and the orange color means flame. In our time, there interesting tradition associated with this ancient symbol. Young people, on the eve of the Victory Day holiday, tie a “Georgievka” on their clothes as a sign of respect, memory and solidarity with the heroic Russian soldiers who defended the freedom of our country in the distant 40s.
St. George's Ribbon - the action “I remember! IM proud of!". St. George ribbon bicolor with longitudinal black and yellow stripes, also known as guards tape- a sign of special distinction for soldiers, it is covered with a block of the Soviet “Order of Glory” - an honorary award badge. Fewer and fewer living witnesses of that war remain, more and more often political forces some foreign countries trying to denigrate the heroic soldiers of our victorious army. And in order to pay tribute to the memory and reverence for the exploits of our heroes, so that the younger generation knows, remembers and is proud of its history, in 2005 new tradition- tie a St. George ribbon on Victory Day. The action is called “I remember! IM proud of!" The motto of the action needs no explanation and that's it. more cities and residents are included in this action, more and more in these May days you can see tied black and yellow ribbons - a tribute to memory and reverence. 
Metronome sounds. Petersburg has a special attribute of Victory Day - the sound of a metronome from all radio broadcasting points. During the most difficult 900 days of the siege of Leningrad, the sounds of the metronome did not stop for a minute, announcing that the city lives, the city breathes. These sounds gave vitality exhausted by the siege, it can be said without exaggeration that the sounds of the metronome saved thousands of lives. 
Festive Parade. The Victory Parade in Russia is traditionally held on Red Square in Moscow. In addition to Moscow, on May 9, parades are held in other cities - the heroes of the former USSR. The first parade in honor of the Victory of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War on June 24, 1945 on Red Square. The decision to hold the Victory Parade on Red Square was made by Stalin in mid-May 1945, almost immediately after the defeat of the last resisting group Nazi German troops May 13th. June 22, 1945 The Pravda newspaper published an order supreme commander I.V. Stalin No. 370: “In commemoration of the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War, I appoint June 24, 1945 in Moscow on Red Square Parade of troops active army, Navy and the Moscow garrison - Victory Parade. Bring to the Parade: consolidated regiments of the fronts, a consolidated regiment of the People's Commissariat of Defense, a consolidated regiment of the Navy, military academies, military schools and troops of the Moscow garrison. The Victory Parade will be hosted by my Deputy Marshal of the Soviet Union Zhukov. Command the Victory Parade to Marshal of the Soviet Union Rokossovsky. 
The first Victory Parade was prepared very carefully. According to the memoirs of veterans, rehearsals took place a month and a half. Soldiers and officers, accustomed to four years of crawling and moving in short dashes, had to be taught to mint a step at a frequency of 120 steps per minute. First, stripes were drawn on the asphalt along the length of the step, and then they even pulled the ropes to help set the height of the step. The boots were covered with a special varnish, in which the sky was reflected like in a mirror, and metal plates were nailed to the soles, which helped to mint the step. The parade began at ten o'clock in the morning, almost all this time it was raining, at times turning into a downpour, which was recorded by newsreel footage. About forty thousand people participated in the Parade. Zhukov and Rokossovsky went to Red Square on white and black horses, respectively. Iosif Vissarionovich himself from the podium of the Lenin Mausoleum only watched the Parade. Stalin stood on the podium of the mausoleum on the left, giving way to the middle of the front-line generals - the winners. Kalinin, Molotov, Budyonny, Voroshilov and other members of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee were also present on the podium. Zhukov “received” the Parade from Rokossovsky, rode along with him along the fighters lined up in ranks and greeted them with three “cheers”, then went up to the podium of the Mausoleum and read welcoming speech, dedicated to victory USSR over Nazi Germany. Consolidated regiments of the fronts solemnly marched along Red Square: Karelian, Leningrad, 1st Baltic, 3rd, 2nd and 1st Belorussian, 1st, 4th, 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian, consolidated regiment Navy. As part of the regiment of the 1st Belorussian Front Representatives of the Polish Army passed in a special column. In front of the marching columns of the fronts were the commanders of the fronts and armies with drafts drawn. The banners of the formations were carried by the Heroes of the Soviet Union and other order bearers. Behind them moved a column of soldiers of a special battalion from among the heroes of the Soviet Union and other soldiers who especially distinguished themselves in battles. They carried the banners and standards of the defeated Nazi Germany who were thrown to the foot of the Mausoleum and set on fire. Further along Red Square, units of the Moscow garrison passed, then cavalrymen rode, legendary carts drove, air defense units, artillery, motorcyclists, light armored vehicles and heavy tanks followed. Airplanes piloted by famous aces swept through the sky. The Victory Parade is dedicated to the film of the same name by Yefim Uchitel, filmed in 1945, one of the first color films in the USSR.
In 1948, the tradition of holding festive parades on Red Square was interrupted and resumed with its former strength and splendor only in anniversary year 20th anniversary of the Victory - in 1965.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, parades on Victory Day stopped again for a while. They were revived again only in the anniversary year of 1995, when two parades were held in Moscow at once: the first on Red Square and the second on memorial complex Poklonnaya Gora. Since that moment, Victory parades on Red Square have been held every year, however, Combat vehicles no longer participate in them.
For many years in the CIS countries it has been a holiday for everyone. On this day, veterans are congratulated and thanked for the victory over the fascist. They prepare for the holiday in advance: they sign postcards, prepare gifts and concert numbers. For modern man attributes of the Victory Day became St. George ribbons, obligatory evening fireworks and a military parade. But has it always been like this?
The history of the holiday on May 9
The first time it was celebrated in 1945 after the signing of the act of surrender of Nazi Germany. It happened late in the evening on May 8, and a new day has already begun in Moscow. After the act of surrender was delivered to Russia by plane, Stalin signed a decree to consider the May 9 Victory Day a non-working day. The whole country rejoiced. On the same day in the evening was the first fireworks. For this, a volley of 30 guns was fired and the sky was illuminated with searchlights. The first Victory Parade was only on June 24, as they prepared for it very carefully.
But the history of the May 9 holiday was complicated. Already in 1947, this day was made an ordinary working day and festive events were canceled. It was more important for the country at that time to recover from the terrible war. And only on the twentieth anniversary Great Victory- in 1965 - this day was made non-working again. The description of the holiday on May 9 was almost the same for several decades: holiday concerts, honoring veterans, military parade and salute. After the collapse of the Soviet Union for several years, this day passed without a parade and magnificent holiday events. And only in 1995 the tradition was restored - two whole parades were held. Since that time, they have been held annually on Red Square.
The name of the holiday on May 9 - Victory Day - causes awe in the soul of every Russian person. This holiday will always be celebrated in Russia in memory of those who fought against the Nazis for the sake of the life of future generations.
