Photo 1. Tverskoy Boulevard in Moscow in an old photograph

Tverskoy Boulevard - the origin of the name

It was originally called Boulevard, due to the fact that it was the only one in Moscow. In 1796, it was named Tverskoy Boulevard along, to which it adjoined.

History of Tverskoy Boulevard

"Projected plan of Moscow in 1775" contained the initial project for the development of Tverskoy Boulevard.

In 1782, a wall was demolished on this site, but the boulevard itself was laid only 14 years later, in 1796. The architect S. Karin supervised the work.

The alley was first planted with birches. These trees did not take root and lime trees were planted in their place. Over time, maples, oaks, elms, spruces and thuja were added to them.

Gradually, the street was built up with classic mansions of that era, and the boulevard became a favorite place for Muscovites to walk.

In 1812, Tverskoy Boulevard was badly damaged due to a severe fire that broke out in Moscow when Napoleon's army entered the city.

As a result natural disaster noble mansions were badly damaged.

Contributed to the devastation of the area and the French soldiers, who set up camp on the territory of the boulevard. They cut down and used for firewood almost the entire avenue of trees.

After these events, Tverskoy was restored in a fairly short time. In addition to the newly planted trees, it was ennobled with green gazebos and fountains, various bridges.

In the 1980s, a city horse-drawn railway was laid along the street, which was replaced by tram rails in 1911.

At the end of the 19th century, the noble mansions of the classical style are replaced by tenement houses made in the Art Nouveau and eclectic styles.

In October 1917, battles were played out on the territory of the boulevard between the junkers and the Bolshevik detachments. As a result of the battle, a house located at the beginning of the boulevard burned down. In its place, in 1923, a monument to K. A. Timiryazev was erected.

In the 1920s, book markets were organized on the boulevard.

The redevelopment and improvement of Tverskoy Boulevard was carried out in 1946 according to the designs of V. I. Dolganov.

Young trees and flower beds were planted, a cast-iron fence and benches were installed. The development of the cast-iron fence was carried out under the guidance of the architect G. I. Lutsky.

In 1949 the tram line was replaced by a trolleybus line.

In 1950, the monument to A. S. Pushkin was moved to Pushkin Square, its current location.

One of the last significant events in the history of Tverskoy Boulevard - the installation of a monument to S. A. Yesenin in 1995.

Natalia, May 18, 2008 (updated: November 10, 2018) While looking for material for an article about the Stroganovs, I came across a publication about house No. 26 at Tverskoy boulevard, or rather about the ensemble of houses.

In 1779, the twenty-five-year-old former favorite of Catherine the Great, Ivan Nikolaevich Rimsky-Korsakov, fell in love with the beautiful Countess Ekaterina Petrovna Stroganova. She had just returned from overseas with her husband. Ivan Nikolayevich bewitched, charmed her. She accepted the love of the young major general and reciprocated.
Empress Catherine II sent Rimsky-Korsakov from St. Petersburg to Moscow. Ekaterina Petrovna Stroganova left her husband and followed her beloved. Alexander Sergeevich Stroganov was calm about his wife's romance. He not only did not interfere with the location of his wife to Rimsky-Korsakov, but even endowed her with money, a large estate of Bratsevo near Moscow and a house in Moscow.
Stroganov A.S. bought a house for Ekaterina Petrovna from the princes of Drutsky. The neighboring house of the Belozersky princes was bought by Ivan Nikolayevich Rimsky-Korsakov.

Both main houses stood at the ends of the current Tverskoy Boulevard, broken in 1796 under the direction of the architect Karin. The boulevard immediately became a popular place for walking among secular society. The boulevard was planted with birches, which soon withered, then they were replaced with lindens. “At noon, all the high society of Moscow gathered here. Here you can find out latest news, latest fashion, see everyone and show yourself. Even after the terrible 1812, when the French cut down part of the lime trees for fuel, and on the other part they hanged those suspected of setting fire to houses, the boulevard did not work. notoriety and after the war again began to attract a lot of people walking.

After the war, Rimsky-Korsakov decided to rebuild the united estates. The work was carried out under the guidance of the great Osip Bove: the old houses were not demolished, their ends were skillfully distinguished in the new facades along the boulevard as centers of an extended composition.
According to contemporaries, the house of Rimsky-Korsakov "with a large magnificent garden, with gazebos, statues and ponds, was visited by all of Moscow" and was known as one of the most beautiful buildings. Literary critics claim that I. Rimsky-Korsakov is the prototype of Griboedov's Famusov. Who has not been to Tverskoy Boulevard, 26! It is believed that Pushkin called on Ivan Nikolaevich, asked him about Catherine II, and then included the details told by the major general in last chapter"The Captain's Daughter"

Rimsky-Korsakov lived almost openly with Stroganova in Moscow. Prince M. M. Shcherbatov in his notes “On the Corruption of Morals in Russia” writes that the Favorite of Catherine II, in general, “increased the shamelessness of voluptuousness in wives”, and until the end of his days remained a ladies’ gentleman. The famous actresses Catalani and Phyllis even lived in his house.

In the book of Maikov P. “Rimsky-Korsakov Ivan Nikolaevich”, according to Prince I.M. Dolgorukov, it is written that “Rimsky-Korsakov lived outside big light, in seclusion. The reason for this was the fact that Rimsky-Korsakov's wife lost the movement of her legs and could not control them, retaining all her mental capacity and that tempting and entertaining conversation, which she distinguished.
Be that as it may, the ensemble of residential buildings of Catherine's retired favorite was an adornment of Tverskoy Boulevard. Already in the early twenties of the 19th century, a guide to Moscow said: "The house of Major General Rimsky-Korsakov is especially distinguished by its magnificent facade."

In the post-revolutionary decades, there were communal apartments on Tverskoy Boulevard, 26. Little has survived from their former luxury. In the middle of the 20th century, the "Famusov House" was restored, and in 1960, by a decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, the entire ensemble between Tverskoy Boulevard and Gnezdnikovsky Lane was registered as an architectural monument federal significance. In the 70s, communal apartments were resettled, and the monument was transferred to the Union of Artists, and after another 20 years it became clear that they did not have the means to maintain a complex of six buildings. As a result, the Moscow Government terminated the lease agreement with the artists. The question arose: what to do with the historical ensemble?

In June 2000, the Moscow Government decided to restore the property at 26 Tverskoy Boulevard and open a cultural center of Russian antiquity there. On June 26, 2001, a monument of federal significance was handed over for restoration, creation cultural center and... the expansion of the cafe "Pushkin", located next door at 28. Unexpectedly, the "restorers" were prevented by those buildings that Rimsky-Korsakov had not dared to demolish once. In 2002 working group The Commission for the Preservation of Buildings in the Historically Established Districts of Moscow under the Government of Moscow allowed three of the six buildings to be demolished. And in August 2003, the remaining buildings were also demolished. From the entire historical ensemble, only one facade remained along Tverskoy Boulevard, 26 and outbuilding at number 24.

Historian, archaeologist, expert in antiquities Aleksey Sergeevich Uvarov bequeathed "to destroy indifference to domestic antiquities, to cherish native monuments, to appreciate every remnant of antiquity, every building erected by our ancestors, to preserve and protect them from any destruction."
We do not carry out his order and helplessly watch how old Moscow perishes.

Tverskoy is the longest boulevard in Moscow, its length is 872 meters. Tverskoy Boulevard starts at Nikitsky Gate Square, from which the numbering of houses is carried out, and reaches Pushkinskaya Square. On the left from the boulevard you can exit to Bolshaya Bronnaya Street, Bogoslovsky and Sytinsky lanes. The structure of Tverskoy Boulevard is as follows: it consists of two alleys - the main and side shady. But we will start the walk from the end of the boulevard, or rather from Novopushkinsky Square, which appeared here not so long ago. In 1976, on Tverskoy Boulevard, a square was laid out on the site of a whole block of houses that had been demolished. It was here near the square on Tverskoy Boulevard that the first McDonald's restaurant in Moscow was opened.
The route was prepared based on the materials of the project "Lesson in Moscow"

We descend along Novopushkinsky Square to the intersection of Sytinsky Lane and Bolshaya Bronnaya Street.

On Sytinsky Lane we go out to the odd side of Tverskoy Boulevard and head to house number 25

We pass to the neighboring house number 23

We continue to move along the odd side of the boulevard, cross the Bogoslovsky lane and stop at house number 19

We return to the odd side, we approach the house number 17, we enter the courtyard through the gate in the arch

We return to the street and go to house number 13

We pass a few meters and look at a small mansion at number 11

We continue to move along the street and approach the house number 9

We approach the intersection of the boulevard and Malaya Bronnaya street, look at house number 7

We go along the boulevard to Nikitsky Gate Square and stop at house number 1

On the transition we return to the boulevard itself, we approach the monument to K.A. Timiryazev

• In October 1917, fierce battles took place on Tverskoy between the armed detachments of the Bolsheviks and the junkers, which caused a house to burn down at the beginning of the boulevard. In its place in 1923 a monument to K.A. Timiryazev was erected. Granite figure in the mantle of an honorary doctor University of Cambridge carved from a single piece piece of Swedish granite. And during the war of 1941-1945. a large bomb fell on the square, and shock wave the monument was demolished from the pedestal. Later it was returned to its place, but you can still see potholes from fragments on the pedestal.

  We look opposite, on the even side of the boulevard

We pass a few meters to the house number 6

We pass along the boulevard to the neighboring building

We look at the neighboring building number 10

We continue to move along the boulevard and look at the even side. We approach the house number 12

• The building of the Nizhny Novgorod-Samara Land Bank

  House No. 12 was built in 1891 for the Nizhny Novgorod-Samara Land Bank by the famous architect K.M. Bykovsky. Now it is difficult to find the border between the 12th and 10th houses, and in early XIX centuries, these were two different possessions. House 12 was occupied by a bank, house 10 by N. Lamanova's fashion studio. Two around the world, two different architects.

Tverskoy Boulevard is located in central district Moscow between and.

The nearest metro stations are Tverskaya, Pushkinskaya, Chekhovskaya. Not far from metro station Arbatskaya.

Turandot (Tverskoy Boulevard, 26, building 3, turandot-palace.ru)

The boulevard was built in 1796 on the site of the walls white city demolished in 1782. At first it was simply called "Boulevard", as it was the only one in Moscow. But soon after its creation, it was renamed Tverskoy Boulevard, after the name of Tverskaya Street, to which it adjoined.

noteworthy

odd side:

House number 1

The six-story house with a two-story mezzanine was built in 1949 for military personnel according to the project of architects K. D. Kislova and N. N. Selivanov. The first two floors are faced with rustication. There is a jewelry store on the ground floor.

The House 3

Residential building (Stalinka). lived here Soviet military leader D. S. Sukhorukov.

House 7/2

Profitable house of the Society for Assistance to Needy Students of the Imperial Moscow University (1882, architects V.P. Zagorsky, N.D. Strukov, I.I. Pozdeev). The poet Vasily Nasedkin lived in the house, who often visited the poet (1895 - 1925).

Building 9

Profitable house of I. M. Korovin (1906, architect I. G. Kondratenko). Aircraft designer Vadim Shavrov lived here.

House 11 building 1

House-Museum of M. N. Ermolova. The actress lived here from 1899 until her death in 1928. In this house, the actress was visited by V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, K. S. Stanislavsky, F. I. Chaliapin, A. P. Lensky, A. I. Yuzhin and other prominent actors and theater figures. AT last years Yermolova was seriously ill, she was oppressed by cloudy days. To brighten them up, pink glass was inserted into the windows of the room, which have survived to this day. In 1875, the architect K. N. Chichagov changed the facade and added an outbuilding. The building is an object cultural heritage federal significance.

House 17, building 1, 2, 7

Profitable building with outbuildings (1879, architect S. S. Eybushits).

House 17, building 4

The main house of the city estate of Plakhovo, Ostashevsky, L. S. Polyakov (end of the 17th century, 1760s, 19th century).

House 19

Profitable house (1870s, architect A.A. Martynov. An outstanding Russian surgeon N.V. Sklifosovsky lived in this house since the late 1880s.

House 23/16

Moscow Drama Theatre. A. S. Pushkin (since 1950), website: teatrpushkin.ru.

In 1914, the Chamber Theater of A. Ya. Tairov was opened in this building. The building was rebuilt to house the theater by the architect P.P. Kiselyov. Later, the theater building was reconstructed again: in 1931, according to the project of the architect K. S. Melnikov, new hall; at the same time, according to the project of V. A. and G. A. Stenberg, the facade of the building was completed.

The building itself is a former city ​​estate XVII-XX centuries. In 1802, it belonged to I. F. Dmitriev-Mamonov, then to P. A. Kologrivov, Vyrubov, and the Parshin brothers.

House 25 (Manor of Yakovlev A.A. (XVIII-XIX centuries)

Previously, there was the house of the Kologrivovs, acquired in 1819 for the Moscow Chief of Police, then (in mid-nineteenth century) passed into the ownership of the police (later - the mayor). In this house, during the reception, the Moscow mayor P.P. Shuvalov was killed.

House 24

Residential building (beginning of the 19th century, architect O. Bove).

House 26

The building of the restaurant "Turandot" (opened in January 2006), architect P. Yu. Andreev.

It is located on the site of the northern part of the city estate of one of the favorites of Empress Catherine II I. N. Rimsky-Korsakov, built mid-eighteenth century.

Only facades remained from the manor complex.

House 28/17

Residential building (1939-1941, architect A. G. Mordvinov).

Monuments

Monument to Timiryazev

The sculpture of the Russian naturalist Kliment Arkadyevich Timiryazev is located near the Nikitsky Gate Square. The monument was erected in 1923. The authors of the monument are the sculptor S. D. Merkurov and the architect D. P. Osipov. On the pedestal of the monument is carved: "K.A. Timiryazev Fighter and thinker."

Oak is located opposite the house number 14s1.

The poet often visited Tverskoy Boulevard. On the site of house 22 (now the Moscow Art Theater named after M. Gorky) stood the Kologrivovs' estate, where in December 1828, at the dance master Yogel's ball, the poet first met Natalya Goncharova.

Oak has existed since 1814.

The oak has a sign: “Pedunculate oak. Quercus robur L. Age 200 years.

Images

Tverskoy Boulevard in Moscow, early 20th century, Seregin M.P. (Tver Regional Art Gallery)

Notes

1) Single State Register objects of cultural heritage (monuments of history and culture) of the peoples of the Russian Federation

In literature

- Moscow hotels

The oldest boulevard of the Boulevard Ring is listed in the Projected Plan of Moscow in 1775 and leads from Nikitsky Gate Square to Tverskaya Street, after which it got its name. But on the real map of the city, Tverskoy Boulevard appeared later, after the demolition of the wall of the White City on this section. In the summer of 1796, the townspeople could already make a promenade along a shady birch alley.

Soon, birch trees that did not take root were replaced by lindens and oaks, and on both sides of the boulevard, the construction of noble mansions in the style of classicism began. In 1812, the new buildings were badly damaged during a fire, and French soldiers set up camp on the boulevard itself, destroying almost all the trees. After the occupiers were expelled, the boulevard was re-landscaped with pavilions, bridges and fountains.

Significant changes have taken place in late XIX century - tenement houses in the eclectic and modern style appeared on the boulevard, a horse-drawn line was laid, in 1880 a monument to Alexander Pushkin by sculptor Alexander Opekushin was erected at the intersection with Tverskaya Street. “Our everything” of Russian poetry, seventy years later, will for some reason be moved to opposite side Tverskoy, the horse-drawn tram will sink into the past, and the tram that replaced it, and noble estates they will slightly make room and let several residential buildings, TASS and the new building of the Moscow Art Theater enter the old boulevard.

The abbreviation of the name of the boulevard to "Tverbul" appeared, probably, in the 1920s, when lovers made dates "on Tverbul near Pampush" (that is, near the monument to Pushkin). This is mentioned by writers Korney Chukovsky and Vladimir Mayakovsky. The word did not enter into the wide use of the townspeople, but in local history it would be quite appropriate. A walk along the longest boulevard in the center of Moscow promises to be informative. Ahead 872 meters from Nikitsky to Tverskaya. According to information stands, this distance can be covered on foot in 13 minutes.

Information Center Managing Company South-West Administrative District "Prospekt" has prepared an eight-minute video dedicated to some buildings of Tverskoy Boulevard:

1926: https://pastvu.com/p/103933

1934-1936: https://pastvu.com/p/24166 In these photographs, in general, the view of the beginning of Tverskoy Boulevard, familiar to our contemporaries. But before October revolution these places looked different - at the end of the boulevard (where the square with the monument to Timiryazev is now) stood big house Prince Gagarin, who in 1917, during the battles of the Red Guards with the junkers, was seriously injured and could not be restored.

Funeral procession at the Nikitsky Gate. 1917: https://pastvu.com/p/542610 Gagarin's house is in the background, instead of the houses on the right, the TASS building will be built much later.

This picture was taken 100 years later from about the same point

By 1923, the wasteland was landscaped and a monument to Professor Timiryazev was erected. Natural scientist, specialist in plant physiology, researcher of photosynthesis Kliment Timiryazev (1843-1920) is depicted in the gown of a doctor of Cambridge University. His figure was reproduced by the sculptor Sergei Merkurov from two pieces of black granite, the “curve of plant physiology” defined by Timiryazev and the inscription “K.A. Timiryazev - a fighter and thinker” are carved on the pedestal. Stylized granite microscopes are installed at the entrance to the boulevard.

During the bombardment of Moscow in 1941 blast wave knocked over the monument from the pedestal, as evidenced by the traces of fragments on the mantle and at the left leg of the sculpture.

The corner six-story house on the left (Tverskoy Boulevard, No. 1) was built in 1948-1949 for military personnel Soviet army(architects K. Kislov and N. Selivanov)

Tverskoy Boulevard, No. 5 - a residential building built in 1986 is neatly docked with an army stalin

For its construction, a whole block of mansions and tenement houses was destroyed. 1973: https://pastvu.com/p/399326

Leontievsky lane, No. 1 - a modernist building was built for the TASS press center in 1970-1977 according to the project of a group of architects led by V. Egerev. Once upon a time there were residential buildings on this site, Tverskoye public school, the shops. The original project was to build high building with underground garages and giant information boards on the facade. One and a half meter letters of the "creeping line" of news reports would be visible from everywhere. But the city authorities have chosen an option that is in harmony with the surrounding buildings, successfully fitting the nine-story building into the surrounding landscape.

According to experts, the semi-circular windows, reminiscent of TV screens, are combined with the semi-circular niches of the neighboring building's balconies.

Telegraph agency Soviet Union(TASS) was founded in 1925, however, if desired, the years lived by the agency can be counted from tsarist times - the first institution to distribute government information was founded in 1904. The leading Russian news agency has an extensive correspondent network and maintains partnerships with foreign colleagues. The photo archive contains several million photographs and negatives.

The renaming of TASS into the Information Telegraph Agency of Russia (ITAR-TASS) in 1992 resulted in the replacement of the emblem above the main entrance to the building. A new name appeared around the bronze globe. Already today, it was decided to return to the TASS brand again, which looks strange, because the Soviet Union has not existed for a quarter of a century.

The agency collaborated with such masters of photography as Naum Granovsky, Leonid Velikzhanin, Max Alpert, Emmanuil Evzerikhin, Evgeny Khaldei, Nikolay Sitnikov and others who filmed news events in different countries peace, in different regions USSR and, of course, in Moscow. On the sites of old photographs, you can find many of their works, which only preserved the lost landscapes of the capital, they capture the atmosphere of the Soviet era, work, rest, life of Muscovites.

In the lobby you can do small digression into history technical means for journalism. In the photographs: teletype, puncher, Morse undulator, voice recorder, laptops.

TASS annually holds more than 1,000 press conferences and briefings. In the photo: the Lube group, Natalya Golubentseva with Khryusha and Stepashka dolls, Dmitry Malikov and a live tiger cub.

Tverskoy Boulevard, No. 6 - The House of the St. Petersburg Insurance Society (Korobkova House) was built in 1902, architects A. Zelenko and A. Meisner. The building was catastrophically damaged under artillery fire in 1917, after a shell hit, the pharmaceutical warehouse in the basement and the office of the Sabashnikov publishing house caught fire. One of the most elegant houses of that time, although it was restored a few years later, lost its former rich decor.

Korobkova's house. 1904: https://pastvu.com/p/10857

Korobkova's house. 1917: https://pastvu.com/p/18138

The battles of 1917 are reminiscent of a memorial plate installed on the boulevard closer to Pushkinskaya Square

Tverskoy Boulevard, No. 7 - tenement house"Societies for the benefit of needy students of the Imperial Moscow University" (1882, architects V. Zagorsky, N. Strukov, I. Pozdeev). Cheap furnished rooms were affordable for students of the conservatory and the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. The house was nicknamed "Romanovka" by the name of its owner.

However, the history of this building is even older. "Romanovka" appeared as a result of the restructuring of the estate, family owned Golitsyn, and then Princess Maria Ukhtomskaya. The first Golitsyn estate on Tverskoy Boulevard, consisting of the main building and two outbuildings, was supposedly built by Matvey Kazakov, stood for a hundred years, but perished in the fire of the catastrophic Moscow fires of 1812. After the war, the house was restored, and Mikhail Golitsyn spared no expense to improve the surroundings by installing multi-colored lanterns on alcohol on the boulevard.

Well, "Romanovka" became a mecca for artists, Rimsky-Korsakov, Korovin, Vrubel, Khlebnikov visited here, Chaliapin sang, Mayakovsky read poetry, rehearsals of operas for the theater of Savva Mamontov took place. The so-called Romanov Hall, intended for concerts and theatrical performances, was attached to the main building. Once the Art Theater of Stanislavsky and Nemirovich-Danchenko rehearsed in it, and now it is the stage of the Theater on Malaya Bronnaya.

Public spaces are an integral part of the urban landscape, and in some cases, these are institutions that citizens urgently need. public toilet appeared on Tverbul in the 1950s, was built longer than a year and, according to urban conspiracy theorists, the long-term construction is associated with the equipment in the neighborhood of much more important underground facilities for civil defense. In fact, TASS does not hide the existence of its reserve point - underground bunker at a depth of 50 meters, which can be opened only by command of a special situation, but where exactly the object is located is a company secret. During Gorbachev's "perestroika", cooperators began to seize free city toilets, turning them into commercial ones or even changing the profile of the establishment. One of the first cooperative commission shops was opened in the toilet on Tverskoy Boulevard.

Public toilet. 1959: https://pastvu.com/p/163394

Tverskoy Boulevard, No. 8 - apartment house of V. Geffe (1910, architect N. Lazarev)

On this section of the boulevard, the houses stand as a solid wall. Tverskoy Boulevard, No. 10 - the house of N. Lamanova (1908, architect N. Lazarev). Nadezhda Lamanova was a magical dressmaker, in her atelier (which was located in this house) lined up fashionistas who wanted to wear dresses, as in Paris. Mrs. Lamanova was the official supplier of Yeya's court Imperial Majesty, and after the revolution sheathed the Soviet elite. For the performances of the Vakhtangov Theater and the Moscow Art Theater, she created women's outfits of stunning beauty, sewed costumes for the films "Circus" and "Alexander Nevsky".

Next Tverskoy Boulevard, No. 12 - hostel People's Commissariat Finance (1920-1927, architect I. Ivanov-Shits) and Tverskoy Boulevard, No. 12, building 1 - Board of the Nizhny Novgorod-Samara Land Bank (1889, architect K. Bykovsky - 1909, architect I. Rerberg - 1929, 1938, architects N .Vishnevsky, V.Vorobiev)

Tverskoy Boulevard, No. 14, building 1 - administrative building TASS (1997-1998, architect D. Deev)

This oak that grew near earth rampart White City, over 200 years old