PLO facilities for Puma Naval In 2001, the Romanian Agency for Military Research (ACTTM) demonstrated at the international specialized exhibition EXPO Mil (Bucharest, Romania) an aircraft version of the SIN-100 sonar.

Judging by the comments, the conversion of the Romanian locator to the needs of carrier-based aviation did not cause enthusiasm. EXPO Mil 2001. SIN-100 sonar on the floor (Romania) At the same exhibition, ACTTM demonstrated a prototype “launcher for anti-submarine grenades” (lansator de grenade anti-submarine). The launchers were mounted on the external hardpoints of aircraft and were designed to use ammunition that was already produced at the mechanical plant TOHAN S. A. (Brashov, Romania). It was about depth charges BAE-1 caliber 45 kg, of which the weight of explosives was 25 kg. The BAE-1 depth charges are claimed to sink at about 2.1 m/s. Exhibition EXPO Mil 2005. To the right of the dummy - launcher for depth charges BAE-1 (Romania) Exhibition EXPO Mil 2001. Depth charge BAE-1 (Romania) I believe that the use of depth charges of up to 50 kg caliber is effective at shallow depths: for the protection of external roadsteads and coastal waters, as well as border rivers. They are good for arming patrol boats, for example, the “type 80” of the Swedish Navy or the ships of the Danube Flotilla of the Romanian Navy. But for anti-submarine operations on the high seas, these bombs, to put it mildly, are ineffective. In 2007, at the EXPO Mil exhibition, the Romanian plant TOHAN S.A. demonstrated at its stand a launcher for light air-launched anti-submarine torpedoes manufactured by Portsmouth Aviation Ltd. It is not clear whether the Romanians were going to produce them under license, or whether they were talking about acquiring a batch of such launchers. Exhibition EXPO Mil 2007. Launchers for aircraft torpedoes produced by Portsmouth Aviation no. The same author also posted photos of other Romanian depth charges produced by the TOHAN S.A. plant. Apparently, to expand the range of knowledge, since they are unlikely to be related to helicopter topics. Puma SOCAT In the early 90s, the Romanian company IAR, together with the Israeli company Elbit Systems, began to draw up a plan for the modernization of the helicopter fleet of the Romanian armed forces (the Puma-2000 project). The goal of the program was to create a modern attack helicopter, designed primarily to combat enemy armored vehicles. From 1999 to 2005, 25 vehicles underwent modernization, and they were delivered to the aircraft under the designation IAR 330 Puma SOCAT. This cost the Romanian treasury 150 million euros. SOCAT (System Optronic de Cercetare și Anti-Tanc). Sistem Optronic (rum.) = optoelectronic system. Cercetare (Rom.) = observation, reconnaissance. Anti-Tanc (rum.) to fight tanks. That is, this is a version of the helicopter, which is equipped with an optoelectronic system for reconnaissance, as well as search and destruction of tanks on the battlefield. Armament of Puma SOCAT (tank destroyers): Rocket: 32 x NAR S-5K or S-5M in 2 outboard blocks on pylons; 8x Spike-ER ATGM from Rafael in 2x suspended blocks on pylons; Cannon: 1x 20 mm M621 cannon (GIAT/Nexter) on a THL 20 forward movable turret. A helicopter equipped with the same M621 cannons, but in hanging containers (NC 621), was also tested. However, preference was given to the gun on the bow turret. Tank killer IAR 330 Puma SOCAT of the Romanian Air Force Puma Naval second generation In 2008, IAR received an order to adapt 3 Puma SOCAT machines to the needs of the Romanian fleet. They were supposed to replace the previous generation of Puma Naval helicopters on the decks of the frigates "Mareshesti", "Regele Ferdinand" and "Regina Maria". In March 2009, the Romanian Navy received a new generation of Puma Naval helicopters. This became possible thanks to cooperation not only with Elbit Systems Ltd., but also with other manufacturers: Turbomecanica, Aerostar, Aeroteh, Aerofina, Airbus Helicopters, Rafael, Breeze Eastern, Rockwell-Collins, Terma AS, Thales Underwater Systems, CCIZ, Condor. Puma Naval 2nd generation retained the Elbit IR surveillance and sighting system installed on the Puma SOCAT and, finally, in 2011 received the Telephonics RDR-1500B airborne radar. The Puma Naval hulls have undergone anti-corrosion treatment, and the machines themselves have received richer equipment. Here is an incomplete list: - All-round radar; - laser irradiation warning system; - electronic warfare system; - automatic identification system of ships; - equipment for detecting emergency beacons; - electromechanical system for folding rotor blades; - external fuel tank; - latch (harpoon), locking helicopter on the deck of the ship; - 2 landing and search lights; - energy-absorbing pilot seats; - rescue winch; - flight suits with thermal insulation and life jackets for the crew. Exhibition BSDA 2014 (Black Sea Defense & Aerospace Exhibition) Demonstrated the 3rd helicopter Puma Naval-2 (tail number 142) Suspended fuel tank along the side of the helicopter. Along the other side is a training torpedo. The Harpoon system on the deck modification of the Puma helicopter. The deck team attaches the helicopter to the deck of the frigate in a stowed way. And in this way the helicopter is attached to the frigate's hangar. 2007, the Puma Naval program has been operating for only 2 years. Armament of the Puma Naval Deck-mounted Pumas that have undergone adaptation have lost their missile, cannon and small arms weapons. The issue of using 45 kg depth charges by helicopters remained unsolved. And what in return? A plan for the modernization of carrier-based helicopters was drawn up and approved. It included the installation of various weapons, systems and equipment. The implementation of the plan was divided into several stages. Stage E1 was implemented in the period 2005-2008. Certification of the machine in the approved configuration was carried out in May 2007, delivery of the upgraded helicopters was completed in December 2008. Stage E2A: in the period 2008-2011. Certification - in June 2011, delivery of machines in November 2011. Stage 2B: 2012-2015. (broken into 2 sub-steps 2B-1 and 2B-2). Certification of both sub-stages in September 2014, deliveries of machines (2B-1) October-January 2014 and 2B-2 September-December 2015. On December 17, 2015, the Romanian Navy received another Puma Naval version 2B-2 helicopter. And now the 57th Tuzla helicopter group has 4 helicopters. With this, the Puma Naval plan to develop carrier-based helicopters for the Romanian Navy was completed. After the finalization of the 2B-2 stage, the Puma Naval helicopters were supposed to become truly multi-purpose. Especially for the NATO operation “Atlanta”, one of the helicopters received pivot (swivel) installations in the doorway for mounting 7.62 / 12.7-mm machine guns. Technicians install a DShKM on a 2nd generation Puma Naval Anti-Piracy Operation Atlanta, 2012. Air shooter (door gunner) of the Romanian helicopter with DShKM. The function of the gunner is performed by a flight mechanic, who is also a winch operator. After Operation Atlanta, options for arming Puma Naval helicopters with a 12.7-mm Browning M2 machine gun and even a six-barreled rapid-fire machine gun M134 Minigun were proposed. The Romanians abandoned Browning, and at the end of 2012, a 6-barreled Minigun was adopted: a 7.62-mm machine gun GAU-17 (M134D Minigun) from Dillon Aero. But, apparently, things did not go further than exhibition demonstrations and training firing. This is understandable, because, according to the author of the article in romanialibera.ro, the state spent 500 thousand euros to upgrade one anti-pirate helicopter (installation of an optical-electronic surveillance system and DShKM). Heavy machine gun Browning M2 6-barreled Minigun at BSDA 2014. Eh! Dreams, dreams… Sonar buoys are visible on the floor After the exhibition, the Minigun was dismantled from the helicopter, the buoys were taken away and it flew to the base for another upgrade: launchers for StingRay torpedoes will be mounted. On August 09, 2013, the Romanian Ministry of National Defense (MApN) announced a tender for the purchase of 18 light torpedoes. 55 million lei (USD 16.5-17 million) have been allocated from the budget. While the tender was going on, users on the Romanian forums wondered: they were buying torpedoes either for frigates or for carrier-based helicopters. And they compared the merits of light torpedoes. Who will be preferred: either the British Stingray, or the American MU-90 (replacing the Mark 46)? Finally, everything cleared up: they bought the Sting Ray from the British. There were rumors that the torpedoes were not new. It seems like they were decommissioned by the British, underwent restoration work and then sold to Romania. The first Stingray torpedo in service with the Romanian Navy. Now the admiral will make a speech, and the priest will bless everything around Demonstration on the day of the Romanian Navy (August 15, 2015). Helicopter Puma Naval is preparing to launch a training torpedo. The commentary to the photo says that the torpedo was made in Romania and is a complete analogue of the Stingray torpedo. Oh how! Launch of the training torpedo Stingray The power plant of Puma helicopters The power plant of Puma helicopters consists of two gas turbine engines (GTE) Turmo (Turmo) IV-CA with a capacity of 1588 hp. each. They have been produced in Romania since the mid-70s under license from the French company Turbomeca. Kerosene is used as fuel. Somewhere in Somalia. The car has flown more than 250 hours and technicians are fiddling with the engine. Operation Atlanta, 2012 Mr. Puma Naval Deck helicopters of the Romanian Navy are based at the Tuzla airfield, near the port of Constanta. This unit is called the "57th Tuzla Helicopter Group" (Grupul 57 Elicoptere Tuzla). From the moment the group was formed (2005) for 10 years, its permanent commander was Commander Tudorel Duce. This officer made his first flight 34 years ago while studying at the Dimitrie Cantemir military college (Brasov, Romania). Two decades of service in the Romanian Air Force followed, during which he perfected his professional skills. 1984: graduated from the Military aviation school pilots "Aurel Vlaicu" (Buzau, Romania). He was awarded the rank of lieutenant, mastered the profession of "military pilot-helicopter pilot". 1995: graduated from the Military technical academy(Bucharest, Romania). Received a bachelor's degree. 2002: graduated from the Joint Military College (Paris, France). Received a master's degree. 2003: transferred to the service in Naval Forces Romania. Trained throughout the year French Institute Flight Safety (Paris, France). At the end of the course, he received a diploma as a “flight safety officer”. In November 2005, at the General Headquarters of the military naval forces Romania established the Aviation Control Center. Commander Tudorel Duce* was appointed chief of the Aviation Control Center (and commander of the helicopter group). His rank corresponds to the rank of captain of the 2nd rank (Navy) or lieutenant colonel of the ground forces. Already in December, the first group of 8 naval officers became cadets of the Aurel Vlaicu flight school (Şcoala de Aplicaţie pentru Forţele Aeriene "Aurel Vlaicu"). The commander himself, then still a young lieutenant, graduated from this school 21 years ago. * Tudorel is a diminutive form of the name Tudor (Fyodor). I understand when mom talks like that or loving wife. But imagine that the foreman or junior officer reports to the lieutenant colonel: “Fedyunchik! Your order has been carried out!” I can't. Commander Duce is rightfully considered the founder of the Romanian naval aviation. Per huge contribution in the matter of creating, developing and defending the interests of naval aviation, he was given the nickname “Man Puma Naval” (Omul "Puma Naval"). Do not take it for pathos, but for the Romanian naval aviation this person is comparable to Vasily Filippovich Margelov. Mr. "Puma Naval" Commander Tudorel Duce Commander personally participated in almost all exercises and campaigns. For example, in the international operation "Atlanta" to combat Somali pirates. The Romanian Navy sent the frigate Regele Ferdinand to the operation with a deck helicopter on board. The car was piloted by Commander Duce. Operation Atlanta, 2012. Tudorel Duce at the Puma Naval helicopter, the deck of the frigate “Regele Ferdinand” The exercises of the 2nd group of NATO ships on the Black Sea in March 2015 (Standing NATO Maritime Group 2) also did not go without the participation of Mr. Duce. The machine under the control of the commander was delivered on board the frigate "Regina Maria" Romanian Defense Minister Mircea Dusa (Mircea Dusa). That morning it blew strong wind, the sea was restless, the wave height reached 3 meters, but the helicopter with the minister made a successful landing. The Minister of Defense of Romania thanks the commander for the flight. Exercise Standing NATO Maritime 2015, deck of the frigate “Regina Maria” Tudorel Duce is fluent in French and English and thanks to this he received excellent training not only in Romania, but also abroad. For impeccable service and professionalism, Commander Duce was awarded the highest government awards, including orders of merit/valor of various degrees. 2009: Cavalier degree of the Order of Naval Merit (Ordinul Virtutea Maritimă în grad de Cavaler). 2013: Officer degree of the Order of Naval Merit (Ordinul Virtutea Maritimă în grad de Ofitţer). 2014: Cavalier degree of the Order of Military Merit (Ordinul Virtutea Militară în grad de Cavaler). It is noteworthy that in 2013 the officer degree of the order was also awarded to other senior officers, including the chief of the main headquarters of the Romanian Navy, Rear Admiral Alexander Mîrşu. During his long service, Tudorel Duce accumulated about 3,000 hours of flight experience, and in the spring of 2015 he retired. The last flight of the commander On April 22, 2015, Commander Duce made his last flight as a military pilot. The father of the Romanian naval aviation and the commander of the helicopter group raised the car from the Tuzla airfield at his native military base near Constanta. It all started as usual: pre-flight medical control, then a briefing and receipt of flight documentation. It was cloudy and rainy that day, but sometimes the sun peeped through the clouds. The weather was calm, but the pilot was briefly in the turbulence zone. As Commander Duce said after landing, the change in weather during the flight - summary all his life that he spent in the air. Such moments are faced by any pilot during his long career. The future military pensioner flew around the airfield and the port of Mangalia: in a word, everything that has become close and dear over the decade. During the flight and until the very landing, the commander's helicopter was accompanied by a pair of light-engine Diamond DA20. A kind of honor guard or motorcade as a sign of respect for a worthy commander and person. Landing of the retired Commander Tudorel Duce Many of his colleagues lined up on the airfield to meet the pilot. Even the head of the main headquarters of the Romanian Navy and a friend of the pilot, Rear Admiral Alexander Myrshu, was present. In the hangar, colleagues organized a small farewell ceremony. After a short speech, the already former commander of the helicopter group with the words "I transfer control into good hands" handed over the helicopter control stick (joystick) to his successor. The founder of the Navy Air Force has retired, but the Puma Naval project will continue to develop after his departure. Commander's last flight as a military pilot. Below I tried to compile a comparative table of several carrier-based helicopters. The following are participating in the comparison: IAR 330 Puma Naval (deck modification of IAR 330 Puma) of the Romanian Navy .; SH-32 Cougar (deck modification Super Puma AS-532SC) Chilean Navy; Lynx HAS.3 (HAS = Helicopter, Anti-Submarine) of the Royal Navy of Great Britain. Curious facts The Italian Aerospatiale, after several mergers, became part of Eurocopter, then Aérospatiale-Matra and finally Airbus Helicopters. Helicopters Westland "Lynx" - a joint development of the British company Westland and the French Aérospatiale. The English Westland was also absorbed several times and first became part of AgustaWestland, then Finmeccanica, and since April 28, 2016 Leonardo-Finmeccanica. The French Turbomeca is part of the Safran group. In 1968, the joint venture Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Limited (RRTM) was registered. The Anglo-French joint venture was created to develop the Adour theater for the SEPECAT Jaguar fighter (SEPECAT Jaguar). The joint venture has developed and manufactures two types of aircraft engines: turbofan (TEF) Adur and gas turbine (GTE) RTM322. In 2001, Rolls-Royce Turbomeca was awarded a $1 billion contract to equip 399 German, French and Dutch Eurocopter NHI NH90 helicopters with RTM322 engines. As of 2012, Turbomeca supplies engines for civil and military helicopters not only to Eurocopter, but also to other leading manufacturers: AgustaWestland, Sikorsky, HAL, NHI. In 2013, negotiations were underway with Russia for the installation of Turbomeca Ardiden 3G engines on the Ka-62 and Arrius 2G1 on the Ka-226T. On the Romanian site rumaniamilitary.ro, someone suggested that, apparently, the IAR 330 PUMA Naval is the swan song of the Romanian helicopter industry. But many are sure that the IAR enterprise has a future. Indeed, there is room to move: it is possible to establish the production of new engine models to replace the development of 40 years ago. Firstly, these engines can replace the outdated Romanian Air Force and Navy helicopters (about 40 units). Secondly, about 60 helicopters were exported to the following countries: Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (Bereg Ivory), Congo, Kenya, Lebanon, UAE, Pakistan, Sudan, South Africa. It is possible that these countries will also wish to receive new engines for their machines. Even Great Britain bought 6 helicopters from South Africa for spare parts for the needs of the Royal Air Force. That is, the British also have a number of similar helicopters. In total, more than 170 IAR 330 Puma helicopters have been produced, and many are in need of spare parts or upgrades. Yes, and the IAR 316 Aluette produced about 130 machines for which components are needed. In addition, the manufacturer offers a civilian modification of the IAR 330 Puma VIP in the VVIP configuration for comfortable accommodation of 12 VIPs. Yes, the Romanian aircraft industry is not in the best condition. And the proof of this is the fact that since 2000 the IAR enterprise has been divided into 3 companies: IAR Ghimbav - production and repair of helicopters. Construcţii Aeronautice - production and repair of aircraft. Top Therm - production of PVC windows and doors. In short, they spin and survive as best they can. But, as they say, wait and see. Below I post interesting videos with the participation of the Puma carrier-based helicopter. The author thanks Bongo for advice. THE END. Sources of information: "Marina Romana" magazine (January - February 2006). Savinsky Yuri Ezekeyevich. Helicopter universe // Helicopter world.

The totality of the Ground Forces. The Air and Naval Forces of the Republic of Romania form the Armed Forces of Romania, designed to protect the freedom, independence and territorial integrity of the state.

The strength of the Armed Forces (AF) of Romania is 71,400, plus 79,990 in reserve. The ground forces have 42,600 military personnel, the Air Force - 8,400, the Navy - 6,900 and 13,500 are the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces - General Nicolae Ionel Chuka. He reports directly to the Minister of National Defence. In wartime, the President of the country becomes the Supreme Commander-in-Chief.

In 2006, Romania abolished the general military duty and the transition to a contract army took place.

ROMANIAN LAND FORCES

The ground forces (SV) of Romania include three infantry divisions and three separate brigades. This is the 1st "Dacian" Infantry Division. It consists of the 1st mechanized brigade "Vasile Lupu", the 2nd infantry brigade "Rovine", the 2nd mountain brigade "Sarmizegetusa".

The 2nd Infantry Division has in its composition the 9th, 15th, 282nd mechanized and 3rd engineering brigades.

4th Infantry Division "Jemin" - 18th Infantry, 61st Mountain, 81st Mechanized Brigade).

Separate brigades: 6th MTR, 8th artillery, 10th engineering.

The army of Romania is armed with mostly outdated equipment. The tank fleet includes 250 Soviet T-55,42 TR-580, 145 TR-85 and TR-85M1 "Bison" (TR - Romanian modification of the same T-55). More than 30 newer T-72 tanks are disabled.

Infantry fighting vehicles - 124 BMP MLI-84 and MLI-84M "Marten" - are a copy of the Soviet BMP-1. In addition, there are 75 Romanian-designed MLVM units for mountain rangers.

With the exception of 31 new Swiss armored personnel carriers MOVAG "Piranha" IIIC and 60 armored trucks of all-terrain vehicles "Max-Pro", the rest of the armored personnel carriers are locally produced: 69 units of VZZ "Zimbru", 384TAV-71, 161 TAV-77, 388TAVS 79. All of them are the processing of the extremely outdated Soviet BTR-60.

The artillery includes six self-propelled guns2S1 "Gvozdika", 18 units of 122-mm self-propelled guns M89 (on the MLI-84 chassis, with a turret from 2S1), more than 720 towed guns and howitzers, 133 units of 122-mm MLRS APR-40 ( Romanian version of the BM-21 "Grad"), 54 Israeli-made 122/160-mm MLRS LAROM, more than 260 120-mm mortars. In addition, there are 23 Soviet anti-tank self-propelled guns SU-100 of Czechoslovak production.

Anti-tank weapons include 138 ATGM units - 90 Malyutka, 48 Konkurs, 208 M77 guns (100 mm). air defense ground forces includes Soviet air defense systems: 40 launchers "Cube", 24 "Osa" and Romanian - 40SA-95 (licensed "Strela-1" on the chassis TAVS-79). Currently, all of them have practically lost their combat capability. 297 SA-94 MANPADS (a copy of the Soviet Strela-2), 36 German ZSU Gepard, 42 anti-aircraft guns remain in service: 24 Swiss GDF-203 (20 mm), 18 Soviet (37 mm).

NAVAL FORCES

The fleet is based on two naval bases(Constanta and Mangalia) and six bases on the Danube River - Braila, Galati, Giurgiu, Sulina, Tulcea, Drobeta-Turnu-Severin.

The administrative management of the Navy is entrusted to the headquarters of the Navy (Bucharest). operational management formations and units of the naval forces in Peaceful time exercises command of the fleet of the Romanian Navy (Naval Constanta). When crisis situation or with the outbreak of war, a naval operations control center (COCAN) is formed at the base of the fleet command.

The combat strength of the Romanian Navy includes four corvettes, three frigates, five mine ships, six combat boats and several auxiliary vessels. Navy reserve - 60 ships and boats. The helicopter group is represented by three IAR-330 "Puma" carrier-based helicopters. A river flotilla is stationed on the Danube. It consists of three river monitors of project 1316, five river patrol boats of the Brutar type and nine river armored boats. The Navy also includes a battalion of marines.

AIR FORCE

The Romanian Air Force has the following structure: Romanian Air Force Headquarters, Air Force Operations Center, four air bases (71,86,95th airbase and 90th transport airbase), 1st anti-aircraft missile brigade, 70th aviation engineering regiment, 85th 1st Communications Regiment, Capu Midia Air Force training ground. In addition, the Air Force includes three educational institutions. Fighter aviation is represented by aircraft of the same type - the MiG-21, built in the 1960-1970s. In the 1990s, they underwent modernization in Israel, but the aircraft's resource has already been almost completely exhausted. Currently, 98 MiG-21s are formally combat-ready. Of these, no more than 36 are in service, the rest are in storage. There are 14 MiG-29s in storage, brought to full combat capability. To replace the MiG-21 in Portugal and the United States, F-16A / B fighters will be purchased.

The naval forces, as one of the branches of the armed forces of Romania, are intended mainly to protect the national interests of the state in the Black Sea and on the river. Danube. Within the framework of the North Atlantic Alliance, the Romanian Navy also solves the entire range of tasks assigned to them by the NATO Command in Europe (headquarters in Naples, Italy).

In peacetime, the naval forces are entrusted with the following main tasks:
- control of the situation in the territorial waters and the Black Sea economic zone;
- ensuring freedom of navigation on the Black Sea and the river. Danube;
- support for the actions of border police units;
- patrolling the territorial waters of Romania;
- participation in peacekeeping and anti-terrorist operations led by NATO, the EU and the UN;
- search and rescue of crews of ships in distress.

In wartime, the Navy performs the following tasks:
- reflection of enemy attacks in the coastal direction;
- security and defense of objects of strategic and operational importance;
- protection of sea and river communications;
- organization of antiamphibious defense of the country's coast in the event that the enemy conducts amphibious landing operations;
- support for the actions of ground forces in the coastal direction and in the delta of the river. Danube.

The Navy has 16 combat ships, 20 combat boats, and 16 auxiliary vessels. There are 60 ships and boats in the Navy reserve. The number of personnel of the Romanian Navy is 8 thousand people.

The system of basing and logistic support of the naval forces Romania includes two naval bases (Constanta and Mangalia) and six bases on the river. Danube (Braila, Galati, Giurgiu, Sulina, Tulcea, Drobeta-Turnu-Severin).

The administrative control of the forces and means of the country's Navy in peacetime and wartime is entrusted to the headquarters of the Navy (Bucharest). Operational control of formations and units of the naval forces in peacetime is carried out by the command of the fleet of the Romanian Navy (Naval Constanta), and in the event of a crisis situation and with the outbreak of war - the joint operational command of the national armed forces through the operational control center for naval operations (COCAN) formed on the basis of the command of the fleet - Centrul Operational de Conducere a Actiunilor Navale).

The organizational structure of the Navy includes the command of the fleet (as part of flotillas and divisions of ships and boats) and the formation of central subordination (see diagram).

The Fleet Command (Naval Base Constanta) is subordinated to: a flotilla of frigates, a river flotilla, three divisions of warships and boats (patrol ships, missile corvettes, minesweepers and minelayers).

The frigate flotilla (Navy Constanta) includes: the frigates "Mărașeshti" (tail number F 111), "Regel Ferdinand" (F 221), "Regina Maria" (F 222) and the support ship "Constanța" (281). The helicopter group is armed with three carrier-based IAR-330 Puma helicopters.

The river flotilla (PB Braila) unites two divisions - the 67th river monitors and the 88th river armored boats.

67th Division includes project 1316 river monitors - "Mikhail Kogalniceanu" (45), "Ion Bratianu" (46), "Lascar Katarzhiu" (47) - and river artillery boats "Rakhova" (176), "Opanez" (177), "Smyrdan" "(178)," Posada "(179)," Rovinj "(180).

88th division river armored boats is equipped with nine river patrol boats (side numbers 147-151, 154, 157, 163, 165) and an artillery boat (159).

The 50th division of patrol ships (VMB Mangalia) includes: corvettes "Admiral Petr Berbunya-nu" (260), "Vice Admiral Eugen Roshka" (263), "Rear Admiral Eustaciu Sebastian" (264), "Rear Admiral Horia Mechelariu" (265), as well as torpedo boats "Smeul" (202), "Vizhe-lia" (204) and "Vulcanul" (209).

AT 150th division missile corvettes (Navy Mangaliya), missile corvettes "Zborul" (188), "Peskarushul" (189) and "Lastunul" (190) were brought together. In addition, it includes a battery of Rubezh coastal anti-ship missile systems consisting of eight launchers.

146th division minesweepers and minelayers (Naval Constanta) has in its composition the base minesweepers "Lieutenant Remus Lepri" (24), "Lieutenant Lupu Dinescu" (25), "Lieutenant Dimitrie Nicolescu" (29), "Junior Lieutenant Alexandru Axente" (30) and minelayer "Vice Admiral Constantin Belescu" (274).

The formations of central subordination include: the 307th Marine Corps Battalion, the 39th Divers Training Center, the Naval Logistics Base, the 243rd Gallatis Electronic Surveillance Center, the Marine Hydrographic Department, the Center for Information Training and Software Modeling, the Center for Informatics, the Center for Military -marine medicine, the naval academy "Mircea cel Batrin", the training school for non-commissioned officers of the Navy "Admiral I. Murgescu".

307th Marine Battalion(Babadag) is a mobile unit of the Navy, designed to conduct combat operations independently or jointly with units of the ground forces as part of amphibious assault and defense operations sea ​​coast. The battalion has about 600 men. It consists of ten divisions: two amphibious assault companies (capable of landing from watercraft), two assault assault companies on armored personnel carriers, artillery and anti-tank batteries, reconnaissance, communications and logistics platoons, and an engineering platoon. The battalion is armed with armored personnel carriers TAVS-79, TAVS-77 and 120-mm M82 mortars.

39th Divers Training Center(VMB Constanta) solves reconnaissance and special tasks in the interests of the General Staff and the headquarters of the Romanian Navy. To intelligence missions include: conducting underwater reconnaissance of the coastal strip of enemy territory, tracking the movement of ships and their location in parking lots. Special tasks, both in peacetime and in wartime, are associated with the mining of enemy ships in raids and at base points, port and hydraulic structures, bridges; preparation of crossings and landing sites; conducting anti-sabotage struggle; search and destruction of mines and land mines; ensuring the recovery and evacuation of sunken military equipment; participation in the repair of ships (change of propellers, repair of outboard fittings, steering gear, etc.).

The organizational center includes: 175th division of combat swimmers, mobile detachment of divers rapid response, two laboratories - hyperbaric (allows simulating divers diving to a depth of 500 m) and research, department for repair and testing of diving equipment, communications and logistics departments. The center was assigned: the sea tug "Grozavul", the diving vessel "Midiya", the search and rescue vessel "Grigore Antipa" and the diesel submarine "Dolphin" (project 877 "Varshavyanka"). Combat swimmers-saboteurs are equipped with LAR-6 and -7 diving devices manufactured by Drager (Drager, Germany), as well as equipment for underwater operations by Bushat (Beuchat, France), Zeeman sub (Seeman sub, Germany) and "Coltri sub" (Coltri sub, Sweden).

Naval Logistics Base(Naval Base Constanta) is intended for the logistics of the forces of the fleet, for the repair of ship's weapons and military equipment. It includes: a naval weapons storage center, three military depots, four rear sections, a communications center and an engineering company. About 40 reserve ships and boats, as well as special and auxiliary vessels, are assigned to the MTO base. The vehicle fleet of the base has 200 vehicles.

243rd Electronic Surveillance Center "Gallatis"(VMB Constanta) is designed to control the maritime and airspace in the zone of operational responsibility of the national navies, conducting electronic warfare and organizing information support for both the headquarters of the navy and the leadership of the armed forces.

The Marine Hydrographic Office (VMB Constanta) deals with the problems of marine cartography and navigation, oceanography and the delimitation of maritime zones. In order to ensure the safety of navigation, a developed system of navigational equipment was created. More than 150 objects are deployed on the coast of the country, including seven light beacons (Constanța, Mangalia, Tuzla, Midia, Gura, Portice, Sfantu, Gheorghe, Sulina), one radio beacon (Constanța) and four fog alarms (Constanța, Mangalia, Tuzla and Sulina). The department consists of five departments: hydrography and oceanography, marine cartography, lighthouse service and navigation safety, meteorology and research. At his disposal are the hydrographic vessel "Hercules" and two lifeboats.

Center for Information Training and Software Modeling(VMB Konstanta) organizes individual combat training of the Navy personnel in various military specialties and contributes to an increase in the level of general information training of military personnel as a whole. It allows you to work out the combat coordination of crews (combat units and subunits) without using the material part of the ships (weapon systems).

As an educational and material base in the center based on personal computers deployed automated workplaces of specialists - posts of combat crews. Here you can assess the initial operational situation, simulate possible options its development and develop recommendations for the use of fleet forces, depending on the tasks assigned.

Informatics Center(Naval Constanta) is intended for information support of units and divisions of the Navy. He coordinates the functioning of the information infrastructure in all formations of the naval forces, collects, processes and analyzes data in the interests of ensuring the information security of the Navy. The Center also administers existing and installs new local computer networks in units and divisions of the Navy, their special technical support, as well as support for the official information portal The Navy on the Internet (www.navy.ro) provides interaction with similar centers of other types and structures of the armed forces.

Naval Medical Center(Constanta) deals with the issues of medical support for the personnel of the Romanian Navy, conducts Scientific research in the field of treatment and prevention of occupational diseases of a number of fleet specialists, in particular in the interests of the 39th diver training center. The center has the necessary staff of medical specialists, medical rooms and laboratories equipped with modern equipment.

AT naval academy"Mircea cel Batryn" (Naval Base Constanta) trains specialists from all levels of management of the national Navy. It has a training school "Vice Admiral Constantin Belescu", designed to train officers of the command and staff level of the Navy. The academy has at its disposal a training transport ship "Albatross" and a sailing brig "Mircha".

Non-commissioned officer training school "Admiral Ion Murgescu"(VMB Constanta) trains specialists in the following specialties: navigation, ship artillery systems, anti-ship and anti-aircraft missile weapons, underwater weapons, hydroacoustics, ship power plants, electrical equipment.

The service life of most ships and boats of the naval forces is more than 20 years. According to Romanian experts, up to 30% of them need medium and major repairs, and about 60% - current ones. Due to obsolescence and physical deterioration of power plants, navigation systems and communications, as well as financial constraints in the purchase of spare parts and modernization, only the minimum required number of warships and auxiliary vessels remain in the combat strength of the Navy.

In peacetime, the main forces and means of the Navy are in naval bases and bases in constant combat readiness. Control of the situation within the boundaries of the operational zone of responsibility is carried out by duty forces and means consisting of:

On the Black Sea: one frigate-class ship, one auxiliary vessel each in the Constanta and Mangalia naval bases, one diving vessel;
- on the river. Danube: one monitor or river artillery (patrol) boat, one auxiliary vessel each at the bases of Tulcea and Braila.

In the event of a crisis situation and with the outbreak of war, it is planned to carry out measures to resupply formations and units with personnel, weapons and military equipment and their deployment from places of permanent deployment to areas of operational assignment.

Prospects for the development of the Navy. The construction of the national naval forces is carried out in accordance with the "Strategy for the Development of the Armed Forces of Romania", calculated for the period up to 2025. Its main areas are:

Improving the organizational and staffing structure, bringing it to the standards of the North Atlantic Alliance;
- achieving compatibility with the navies of other NATO member states;
- maintaining ships and boats in readiness to ensure the fulfillment of their tasks;
- increasing the combat capabilities of the Navy by modernizing warships in order to increase their maneuverability, firepower, reduce the level of physical fields, improve weapons, technical means of navigation and communications, reconnaissance and electronic warfare, radar and hydroacoustics;
- purchase of new military equipment;
- exclusion from the Navy of ships and boats, the repair and further maintenance of which is not economically feasible.

During this period, the Romanian Navy provides for the implementation of a number of important targeted programs.

First of all, this is the completion of the deployment integrated system communications, surveillance and control of the surface situation of the Naval Forces (2013).

The start of this project was laid in 2007 with the commissioning of a new information system combat command and control of the country's naval forces (MCCIS - Maritime Command, Control and Information System). This system provided a direct connection of the headquarters of the Romanian Navy through dedicated optical, radio and radio relay communication channels to the automated control system of the headquarters of the NATO Naval Forces Command in the Naples naval base.

At present (with financial support from the United States), the implementation of the second phase of the project is being completed, which provides for the commissioning of two HFSWR coastal radar stations (manufactured by the Canadian division of Raytheon Corporation) capable of detecting surface targets in difficult weather conditions and in conditions of enemy electronic countermeasures at a distance up to 370 km. According to Western experts, the commissioning of modern radar stations will allow the Romanian command to bring the system of monitoring the maritime situation in line with NATO criteria, as well as ensure the necessary security of the located in the area of ​​​​n. the village of Deveselu of the American military base, where by 2015 it was planned to place three batteries of anti-missiles "Standard-3" global system PRO USA.

The following programs are aimed at improving the structure of the ship composition and the combat capabilities of the fleet forces:

1. Carrying out the second stage of modernization of the frigates "Regel Ferdinand" and "Regina Maria" (until 2014), involving the replacement of power and energy plants, as well as equipping ships with more powerful on-board weapons.

At the first stage of modernization, the main part of the work on re-equipping frigates with new weapons systems, modern means navigation, communications and fire control was carried out by the British company "BAe systems" in the naval base Portsmouth (Great Britain). In particular, the ships were equipped with modern Terma Soft-Kill Weapon System DL 12T anti-submarine systems and the CACS 5 / NAUTIS FCS 3 automated ship control system. In addition, the ships are equipped with new ones: BAE Systems Avionics MPS 2000 communication and navigation systems - GDMSS Inmarsat B , Sperry Marine LMX 420 GPS, Sperry Marine Mk 39.

According to the calculations of the Romanian Ministry of National Defense, the total cost of work on the second stage of the modernization of frigates could be about $450 million.

2. Acquisition for the Navy of four multi-purpose missile corvettes (until 2016), four minesweepers (until 2014), a supply ship and four river-sea tugs (until 2015).

3. Modernization of three missile corvettes, which are in service with the 150th missile corvette division (until 2014), in order to ensure the compatibility of their equipment and weapons systems with ships of a similar class from other NATO countries.

4. Restoring the combat capability of the Delfin submarine (until 2014), which has been in a non-combat-ready state for the past 15 years, and the crew has completely lost their professional skills in operating it. Since September 2007, the boat has been assigned to the 39th diver training center. To restore its combat capability, first of all, it must be carried out overhaul her power plant and running units, batteries were replaced, and then the communication equipment was modernized and partially replaced.

The command of the armed forces of Romania is working on the issue of forming an underwater component of the forces of the Romanian fleet. In this regard, along with the commissioning of the Delfin submarine, the possibility of purchasing three more ultra-small submarines (until 2025) is being studied.

The implementation of all the planned programs on time will, according to the estimates of the command of the Romanian Navy, significantly improve the balance of the ship composition and the combat capabilities of the fleet, including with their participation in NATO operations in the Black and Mediterranean Seas, as provided for by the charter of the North Atlantic Alliance.

FOREIGN MILITARY REVIEW No. 10/2001, pp. 42-47

NAVAL FORCES

Captain 1st rank V. CHERTANOV

The top military leadership of Romania is assessing the capabilities of its own armed forces to ensure national security and defense of the country in the event of a conflict of medium intensity in Central and Eastern Europe (not to mention a more serious threat) as very limited. It counts on a radical increase in defense capability not only with a focus on internal resources, but also through Active participation in the system of European and Euro-Atlantic security.

Romania hopes to join the North Atlantic Alliance no later than 2005 and become a member of the European Union (EU) in another five years, although the country's leadership is aware that internal and external factors may delay or prevent its transition to NATO member status .

Since the beginning of the 90s of the last century, the Romanian Armed Forces have been undergoing a process of deep military reforms: changes have been made to military legislation, the Ministry of National Defense has been restructured, the types of armed forces have been reorganized, the total number of personnel has decreased from 320 thousand to 126 thousand military personnel and 37 thousand civilian personnel, separate programs for the modernization of weapons and military equipment have been initiated. At the same time, significant efforts were directed at organizing interaction with NATO forces within the framework of the Partnership for Peace (PfP) program, to which Romania was one of the first to join in 1994, as well as within the Stabilization Forces (SFOR) in the Balkans.

At the beginning of 2000, the "Military Strategy of Romania" (developed by the Ministry of Defense) was published and the program for the restructuring and modernization of the Armed Forces, calculated up to 2010 (FARO 2005/2010), was approved. At its first stage (2000 - 2003), it is planned to practically complete the restructuring, carry out a further reduction in the Armed Forces (to 112 thousand military personnel) with recruitment both on a professional basis (the number of contract soldiers and regular military personnel will increase from 47 to 71 percent) and on conscription and achieve minimum operational capabilities (including NATO standards) to ensure reliable defense of the country. The second stage of the program (2004 - 2007) will be focused on the modernization of weapons and military equipment (with a significant increase in allocations for this item of the defense budget) and the achievement of full operational capabilities. At the third stage (after 2007) it is planned to complete bringing the types of aircraft in line with existing NATO standards and implement plans for their re-equipment.

All these reforms are directly related to the country's naval forces, which are designed to protect the interests of the state on the Black Sea and the river. Danube and accordingly structured. They are managed by the chief of staff of the Navy (he is also commander) through his headquarters (Navy Constanta). The commands of the fleet on the Black Sea, the Danube River Flotilla, the marines, which mainly provide coastal defense, and naval aviation are subordinate to him. According to the foreign press, the number of personnel of the regular forces currently stands at 20,144 (including about 10,000 marines), including more than 12,000 conscripts. The reserve component of the Navy includes 18 thousand people.

The fleet has 30 warships, including: one submarine, URO destroyer, six frigates, seven corvettes, nine river monitors, two minelayers and four base minesweepers; 73 combat boats: three missile boats, 27 torpedo boats, 18 river patrol boats and 25 river minesweepers; more than 30 support vessels, including two research (primarily reconnaissance) vessels, a sail training ship, four supply transports, eight river transports, four tankers, four ship demagnetizers, two ocean and several port tugs, and a flagship boat.

The naval aviation is represented by an air squadron of IAR-316B Aluette III (six) carrier-based anti-submarine helicopters and five Mi-14PL Hayes A base helicopters, which are based at the Tuzla air base.

Fleet Command on the Black Sea(headquarters in the naval base Constanta) organizationally unites five brigades: submarines, missile ships, anti-submarine ships, mine-sweeping ships and torpedo boats.

Submarine brigade exists almost nominally, since the submarine forces of the fleet are represented by the only diesel-electric submarine "Delfinul" (Fig. 1) of the Kilo type (project 877E), transferred to Romania by the former USSR in 1986. The boat is in a non-combat ready state (requires repair and re-equipment) and is based in the Constanta naval base. The brigade was also attached to units of combat swimmers-divers and a group of support ships (vessels).

Missile Ship Brigade includes the destroyer URO "Maresheshti" (Fig. 2), three missile corvettes of the "Zborul" type ("Tarantula I", project 1241 RE) and three missile boats of the "Osa I" type (project 205).

EM URO "Mareshesti" was built in 1985 according to the national project at the shipyard in Naval Base Mangalia is the largest surface ship in the Navy (total displacement 5,790 tons). In 1988, due to lack of fuel and understaffing of the crew, it was transferred to the category of non-combat-ready, in the period from 1990 to 1992 it was modernized and re-entered the active fleet (based in the naval base of Constanta). The ship is armed with SS-N-2C Styx anti-ship missiles (four twin launchers), torpedoes (two triple-tube torpedo launchers), rocket launchers (two RBU 1200), 76- and 30-mm artillery mounts, it does not have anti-aircraft missile systems and therefore belongs to subclass of URO destroyers conditionally, equipped with a platform for basing two IAR-316B Aluette III helicopters. So far, he has made several exits to military service in the Mediterranean Sea.

Corvettes of the "Zborul" type ("Tarantula I", Russian-built in 1985, Fig. 3) became part of the Romanian fleet in 1990 - 1992, armed with Styx anti-ship missiles and gun mounts. Of the six RCAs of the Osa I type that arrived from the USSR in 1964-1965, one was replaced (in 1981) with a boat of national construction, and three were scrapped. The armament of the boats remaining in service is similar to that installed on the corvettes (see table). Both are based in the naval base Mangalia.

Brigade of anti-submarine ships equipped with frigates of the "Tetal" type (four) and "Tetal improved" (two) - the most combat-ready, as noted in the foreign press, ships in the fleet, as well as Democracy-class corvettes (four). All of them are based in the naval base Constanta.

Both types of frigates are of national construction (Mangalia shipyard) 1983 - 1987 (the first four), 1989 and 1997 (the last two). The improvement of the ships of the second series consisted not only in the installation of more modern and rapid-firing artillery weapons systems, but also in the change of the superstructure, as well as in the equipment of the helicopter platform, while maintaining the old hull and main power plant (GEM).

Democracy-class corvettes are former German minesweepers of the M 40 But project built in 1954-1956, converted in Romania from 1976 to 1983. The mine-sweeping systems were dismantled on them, and on the fourth ship, Vice Admiral Ioan Georgescu, a small helicopter platform was built into the aft part of the deck.

Brigade of mine-sweeping ships It has two minelayers (ZM) of the Kosar type, which are also used as floating bases for mine-sweeping forces and based in the Konstanta naval base, and four base minesweepers (BTShch) of the Mushka type (Midiya naval base). All ships were built at the national shipyard in the Mangalia naval base: ZM - in 1980 - 1981, BTShch - in 1987 - 1989. In addition to mine and anti-mine systems, they are equipped with artillery and anti-submarine weapons. The minelayer Vice Admiral Ioan Murgescu (tail number 271) is equipped with a helicopter platform in the aft part of the deck, and the ZM Vice Admiral Constantin Babescu (274) is equipped with a powerful cargo crane (Fig. 4).

torpedo boat brigade performing the tasks of patrol forces in the Black Sea, based in the Mangalia naval base. It includes 12 TKA of the Epitrop (Naluki) type, built in 1979 - 1982 at the national shipyard according to the RSA Osa project (with the replacement of anti-ship missile launchers with torpedo tubes), and 15 of the Huchuan type (Romanian-built 1974 - 1983 and 1988 - 1990 - according to the Chinese project).

Auxiliary vessels fleets (except for river ones) are based in the Constanta naval base. They are equipped with anti-aircraft artillery mounts of 57, 37 and 30 mm calibers, 14.5- and 12.7-mm machine guns, and two supply vehicles (AE) of the Kroitor type (with a total displacement of 3,500 tons) are also armed with SA-N- 5 "Grail" (two quadruple launchers), anti-submarine RBU 1200 (two five-pipe) and can carry the IAR-316 "Alouett III" helicopter.

Cadets of the Naval Academy (in the Konstanz Naval Base) undergo sea practice on the Mirna sailing training ship (Fig. 5). The ship was built in Germany (Hamburg) in 1939 according to the type of sailboats of the US Coast Guard "Eagle", the German "Gork Fok" and the Portuguese "Zagres", but has smaller dimensions (sail area 5,739 m2, takes on board up to 140 cadets ). In 1966, it underwent a major overhaul at a shipyard in Hamburg, and in 1995-1997 it was repaired in Romania.

The country's merchant fleet, according to Lloyd's Register, has 325 ships with a total tonnage. 1 220 556 brt.

Danube Flotilla(headquarters in the Braila PB), consisting of two brigades, has nine river monitors (gunboats) of the Brutar (six, Fig. 6) and Ko-galnichanu (three) types, 18 patrol boats of the VB 76 Monitor type, before 25 minesweepers of the VD 141 type, two groups of combat divers and several small auxiliary vessels (river transports, ship degaussing vessels). The ships, boats and vessels of the flotilla are dispersed along the river bases of Braila, Tulcea, Sulina, Giurgiu, Galati and Drobeta-Turnu-Severin.

The gunboats were built at the national shipyard in Mangalia Naval Base in the period from 1986 to 1993 (six of the first type) and in 1993-1996 (three of the second). In addition to anti-aircraft systems, their artillery armament includes 100-mm guns (in armored tank turrets) and 122-mm unguided rockets (VM-21 installations). Patrol boats of the VB 76 "Monitor" type (with a displacement of 127 tons) were built at the same shipyard in 1976-1978, armed with a 76-mm gun, two twin 14.5-mm machine guns and an 81-mm mortar.

River minesweepers of the VD 141 type (with a displacement of 97 tons) were built at the Drobeta-Turnu Severin shipyard in the period from 1976 to 1984 specifically for use on the Danube. They are designed not only for sweeping, but also for laying minefields and are armed with two twin 14.5-mm machine guns and mines (up to six).

The Danube flotilla is provided by eight river transports of the type "Braid" (AG) with a displacement of 240 tons built in 1967 - 1970 (at the shipyard in the PB Braila). Four ship degaussing ships (ADG / AGI) built in 1972 - 1973 and 1989 are used both for their intended purpose (serve ships with a displacement of up to 3,000 tons) and as reconnaissance ones (including for transporting groups of frogmen-divers).

Marine Corps Command(headquarters in the Konstanz naval base) organizationally unites, according to foreign military press reports, two mechanized, motorized infantry and artillery brigades, as well as an air defense regiment, an anti-tank division and a reconnaissance battalion. The MP is armed with 120 main battle tanks of the TR-580 type, 208 armored combat vehicles and 138 artillery pieces of 130 mm caliber (used as part of four coastal defense divisions), as well as 57.37 and 30 mm (equip six air defense divisions). The Navy's limited amphibious landing capabilities are planned to be filled by the purchase of DKVP hovercraft landing craft. According to the Janes Fighting Shipe directory, one such DKVP was allegedly built at the Mangalia shipyard in 1998.

Direction of combat training and prospects for the development of the Navy. The priority task of the country's naval forces on this stage is to achieve operational cooperation with the NATO Navy in the framework of the Partnership for Peace program. It is envisaged, in particular, the regular participation of Romanian warships and support vessels in model PfP exercises, as well as the organization vocational training naval officers in the countries of the alliance (mainly in France). Since January 1994, the country's Navy has taken part in 53 exercises of the Cooperative Partner and Sea Breeze series. The Fleet Command intends to intensify this type of activity in support of the government's aspirations for NATO membership.

The military committee of the bloc requires Romania to ensure the deployment of the following fleet forces to participate in the operations under the PfP program: one surface anti-submarine ship (which also has certain air defense capabilities), two minesweepers, a team of frogmen-divers with a vessel supporting them, six river armored boats (or monitors ) and one river tug. By the end of 2001, ships and boats that meet the necessary requirements should be ready to practice basic tactical tasks in cooperation with NATO forces, including the ability to establish and constantly maintain surveillance of the surface, underwater and air situation using standard technical means. Until the end of 2003, ships intended to be deployed outside the operational areas of Romania in order to participate in PfP activities or provide collective defense of the countries - members of the alliance, must be fully aligned with all NATO standards, as well as meet specific requirements and standards ( ship class). The fulfillment of these conditions, which ensure the operability of the Romanian Navy with the fleets of the countries of the block, is of paramount importance.

Other important tasks of the Navy still include maintaining the combat readiness of formations, units and ships of the fleet to ensure national security and the country's defense against possible aggression from the sea. According to the requirements of the command, the operational and tactical training of the fleet forces is aimed at achieving such a degree of combat capability that would make it possible to exclude the surprise of an attack, ensure the emergency deployment of ships directly from their base areas and seize the initiative in the difficult conditions of modern combat operations at sea, both independently and jointly with others. types of armed forces. In the annual cycle of organizing combat training, it is planned to reach the level of a 60-day stay of ships at sea.

PERFORMANCE AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COMBAT SHIPS AND BOATS OF THE ROMANIAN NAVY

The main programs for the modernization of the Navy provide for the creation of an integrated system of command and control and communications, the renewal of naval weapon systems and the further development of resupply capabilities at sea (mobile logistics support). By 2005, the Romanian military leadership intends to complete the deployment of a surveillance, reconnaissance and navigation control system in the Black Sea. Measures are planned to improve the system of basing and logistic support of the fleet with the development of infrastructure and conditions for logistics and maintenance of ships in bases and ports.

AT long term(by 2010) the Romanian naval forces, in accordance with the new structure of the country's Armed Forces, should, according to representatives of their command (in particular, in the person of the chief of staff of the Navy), be represented by a joint operational command, navy- two flotillas on the Black Sea, the river (Danube) flotilla, equipped with anti-submarine, patrol and mine-sweeping ships, as well as the necessary auxiliary vessels. Current plans provide for the construction of a frigate, artillery and two landing ships (or boats) at national shipyards, the purchase of several combat surface ships, missile and patrol boats. In particular, the possibility of acquiring in the United States two destroyers URO type "Spruence", four frigates URO type "Oliver X. Perry" and two small submarines (in France).

Naval aviation should receive significant development, which is planned to receive three reconnaissance and six patrol aircraft, as well as up to 20 anti-submarine and nine transport helicopters.

The Ministry of Defense and the Naval Staff, recognizing that the anti-aircraft and anti-submarine capabilities of the fleet do not yet meet NATO standards, and the system of combat command and control of forces requires a radical modernization, intend to, as a matter of priority, bring the combat capability of formations and ships to the level of full participation in the actions of multinational forces within the framework of the Euro-Atlantic partnership and equip them with new means of communication that fully ensure participation in joint and combined operations in the alliance's area of ​​responsibility and beyond.