Hello dear readers! Have you ever thought about how often you mention the seasons and talk about the weather? Whether it is communication with colleagues, emails, talking on the phone - we do all this almost every day. We discuss what the weather is like outside today, talk about our favorite time of the year, or say what time of the year our birthday is. seasons
What if you're learning English or chatting on social media with a British or American friend? And if you were asked to write an essay in English on the topic “Seasons” at school or university? As you may have guessed, today we will talk about how to name the seasons on English language, or as they are called in English - seasons.
How to name the months, days of the week and seasons in English is one of the most important topics which anyone who has begun to learn English must know. These are the basics that will help you communicate with native speakers when writing letters, messages, or when traveling and traveling abroad. In addition, knowing the seasons of the year in English is useful for general development.
First, let's list the seasons, write their pronunciation and translation:
- winter ["wɪntə] - winter
- spring - spring
- summer ["sʌmə] - summer
- autumn ["ɔːtəm] (in the UK) or fall in the USA - autumn
As you can see, the Americans refer to "autumn" differently from the British. They prefer to call this season "fall". Do not confuse with the action verb "fall".
How to talk about the seasons in English?
If you need to write an essay or just talk about the seasons in English, then this should be done as follows:
First you need to list all the seasons, something like this: the year has four seasons - winter, spring, summer, autumn. Then you can tell which months are in each season. And then proceed to the description of each season: weather conditions, events in nature or in people's lives.
These translation exercises will help you write essays and memorize the topic.
Grammar
What grammar rules in English do you need to remember in order to use the seasons correctly in speech and writing?
- You already know that in America they use “in the fall” instead of “in autumn”
- With the designation of the seasons, the preposition "in" is used: in summer
- Only in the combination "in the fall" is the article used, in all other cases it is not used with the seasons
- The article is put only when it is implied or there is a qualifying definition: in the winter of 1953
- In combinations of the nouns "winter, spring, summer, autumn" with the words "That, all, every, any, one, each, next, last, this", neither the article nor the preposition is used: this spring
- Finally, only two seasons apply in possessive— autumn and spring: This autumn’s festival… but The festival this winter…
Only 6 simple rules.
Like a shower
it popular expression characterizing the heavy autumn rain is familiar to us from childhood. In English, too, there are such phraseological units. So downpour with cold strong wind they call the phrase "it is raining cats and dogs", which in translation is "rain from cats and dogs." Why cats and dogs?
This English idiom comes from the past. Formerly people believed that witches turn into cats and, foreshadowing bad weather, fly under the clouds on broomsticks. And the dogs, according to legend, were the servants of Odin, the god of thunder, and personified the wind. Meeting under the clouds together, cats and dogs, along with rain and wind, fell down.
Another suggestion was made famous writer Jonathan Swift, using this expression in one of his works. Where it was described that the drainage system in the cities of the 17th and 18th centuries could not withstand a heavy downpour, and all the contents of the sewer spilled into the street, including the corpses of cats, dogs and rats.
From this collection you will learn how the seasons, days of the week and months are called in English. Please note that the site has a separate article on, in which the topic is considered in more depth: expressions with days of the week are also given.
| Seasons - Seasons | ||
|---|---|---|
| season | [ˈsiːzn] | season |
| winter | [ˈwɪntə] | winter |
| spring | Spring | |
| summer | [ˈsʌmə] | summer |
| fall (Am.) autumn (Br.) | [ˈɔːtəm] | autumn |
| Months in English - Months of the Year | ||
| January | [ˈʤænjʊəri] | January |
| February | [ˈfɛbrʊəri] | February |
| March | March | |
| April | [ˈeɪprəl] | April |
| May | May | |
| June | [ʤuːn] | June |
| July | [ʤuˈlaɪ] | July |
| august | [ˈɔːgəst] | August |
| September | September | |
| October | [ɒkˈtəʊbə] | October |
| November | november | |
| December | December | |
| Days of the Week | ||
| Monday | [ˈmʌndeɪ] | Monday |
| Tuesday | [ˈtjuːzdeɪ] | Tuesday |
| Wednesday | [ˈwɛnzdeɪ] | Wednesday |
| Thursday | [ˈθɜːzdeɪ] | Thursday |
| Friday | [ˈfraɪdeɪ] | Friday |
| Saturday | [ˈsætədeɪ] | Saturday |
| Sunday | [ˈsʌndeɪ] | Sunday |
Abbreviated names of months in English
In writing, the names of the months are usually abbreviated to three letters, as are the days of the week. Only May, June, July are not reduced. September is shortened to four letters: Sept. Please note that days of the week and months in English are written with capital letter, and the names of the seasons are lowercase.
Refinement by seasons and seasons
1. Word season can mean not only “season” (summer, winter, spring, autumn), but also “season” as part of the year, suitable for some kind of activity, work:
- Spring is my favorite season. - Spring is my favorite season.
- Tomorrow is the opening day of the duck hunting season. - Opening tomorrow season duck hunting.
2. In some tropical countries, for example, in Singapore, there are only two seasons (seasons):
- Raining season - the rainy season.
- Dry season - dry season.
3. The seasons, except for autumn, can also be called with the addition of the root time:
- winter-wintertime.
- spring-springtime.
- summer - summer time.
These words are translated into Russian either in the same way as the original ones (spring, summer, winter), or: spring time, summer time, winter time.
Autumn - Autumn or Fall?
Word fall(autumn) used in the US, spoken and written in the UK autumn.
By the way, in a conversation about the seasons, especially if it is school assignment, the phrase " favorite time year” – it has differences between American and British spelling: favou rite season (Br.) - favorite season (USA).
- fall is my favorite season. - Autumn is my favorite time of the year. (USA)
- Autumn is my favorite season. - Autumn is my favorite time of the year. (Br.)
It is noteworthy that the word fall did not originate in America, but is just the original term for the season, which arose in England no later than the 16th century. It was originally short for fall of the year(fall year) or fall of the leaf(falling leaves) , but by the 17th century it had become established as a single word, long before the development of American English. Therefore, although the word is predominantly used in America, it is neither exclusively American nor even a word of American origin.
Word autumn came into English from French automne in the 15th or 16th century, but only came into common use in the 18th century.
In Canada, as in the United States, they use predominantly fall, and in Australia - autumn.
Different meanings of the word Fall
Word fall has two main meanings: 1) autumn, 2) fall. Because of this, a play on words with "autumn-fall" is sometimes used.
Photo from http://www.imdb.com
For example, in the title of the American film “Legends of the Fall”, some viewers and critics saw an ambiguity. On the one hand, the name can be understood as “Legends of Autumn”, on the other hand, as “Legends of the Fall”, because the film tells the story of a family with a very difficult fate.
The title is considered in the same way. computer game Max Payne 2: The Fall of Max Payne - this can be either "The Fall of Max Payne" or "Autumn of Max Payne". Both options are well suited to the plot and style of the game.
Today we have probably one of the easiest lessons in the section, it is dedicated to the names of the English months. As you can see, the family resemblance of this group to French, German and even Russian is obvious:
The origin of the names of the months is quite varied. The names of the gods and the rulers are mixed here ancient rome, and holidays, and even sequence numbers months in the calendar (again, ancient Roman). The only thing you need to remember now: since these are names and titles, in English they should always be written with a capital letter (as well as).
Use of prepositions with months
Only 2 prepositions are used directly with the days of the week - these are IN and ON. Their closest translation into Russian is V and NA.
"In" is used when referring to the month, not the date. Example:
Abbreviations
It is strange that the topic of English abbreviations is not touched upon anywhere. month names, and the short form (short) has to be used much more often than the full one.
So, There are only three nuances here:
- As already mentioned: always with a capital letter.
- Shorten the title to three letters. The four-letter June and July are up to you. You can leave them whole, then it will be classic English version(British). You can remove the "extra" letter - you get the American version.
But, there is an exception: September is reduced not to 3 letters, but to 4 - September. - At the end, either put a full stop - American English, or not - British.
Often learning new foreign words It turns out that we already know them well. For example, Oktoberfest is very popular. german holiday reminiscent of old Russian fairs, only with modern entertainment. The second part of the name "fest" is an abbreviation for the word festival. And what does the first part mean and when is this holiday held?
Test: English months
So how do you remember these words? Method from:
we propose not to memorize the names, but to memorize them in practice. For this, an original test memory was made. Most likely, you will not be able to pass it on the first attempt and you will receive a well-deserved 2. But on the second attempt, the result should be higher.
The test consists of three stages and goes from simple to complex:
Stage #1: Most simple part. You are offered a word in English, your task is to translate it into Russian. If you do not remember, then perhaps a hint will help, which appears after a couple of seconds.
Stage #2: We complicate the task. Now we need to do the reverse translation.
Stage #3: Listening or listening comprehension. In this step, you listen to the recording and write down the suggested word (in English). To listen again, just click on the image of the note, no points are deducted for this.
Word 0 of 0
Result 0 points
Learning the months in English is easy, because their names come from Latin and, to some extent, resemble Russian counterparts. It will be more interesting to learn a little from the history of the emergence of these "names", as well as some grammar rules associated with their use in speech. So go ahead!
Months in English: writing, transcription, use
We write and pronounce correctly!
"How can I enumerate English months in order?" - ask those who are just starting to master the wisdom foreign language. Greet them, one by one!
NB! And remember that their names (as well as the names of the days of the week and seasons) should be capitalized!
In this table, we have indicated the months in English with transcription so that their pronunciation does not cause you any difficulties. To create a “complete picture of the year”, get acquainted with the seasons:
| Winter | ["wɪntə] | Winter |
| Spring | Spring | |
| Summer | ["sʌmə] | Summer |
| Autumn | ["ɔːtəm] | Autumn |
NB! The American version of the word "Autumn" - Fall.
Suggestion examples:
My favorite month is June. – My favorite month is June.
I arrived in Saint-Petersburg last September. – I arrived in St. Petersburg last September.
Name all the seasons and months
Learning to use in speech!
To correctly use the months of the year in English in speech, both written and oral, you need to learn the following rules.
- On the letter, you should separate the day and month from the year with a comma:
The house was built in October, 2003. - The house was built in October 2003.
- When specifying dates in full (including the day, month, year), ordinal numbers must be used to indicate the number and quantitative numbers for the year:
on 23 February, 1478 = on the twenty third of February, fourteen seventy eight (23 February 1478)
NB! AT similar cases"year" in speech we omit.
Prepositions with months in English
As for grammatical points, it is worth paying attention to the following:
- Prepositions are not used in expressions like "*** + name of the month" with the words one, next, last, this/that, every, all, any.
I was in Moscow last June. – I was in Moscow last June.
I'm going to my cousin this March. - I'm going to go to cousin this March.
- The preposition IN is used with the name of the month in the circumstances of time.
In May - in May, late in August - at the end of August.
- The preposition ON is necessary when, in addition to the month, there is an indication of a date or a day.
On January 2, 1389 - January 2, 1389, on a warm September day - a warm September day.
- The preposition OF is needed if it is implied attribute function month.
Let's get acquainted with abbreviations!
The information will be incomplete if we do not talk about the reduction of months in English. Such abbreviations are often found in various forms, travel tickets and, of course, in calendars.
NB! Short forms contain, basically, only three letters. The exceptions are June, July (where you can keep the word unchanged) and September (2 options are allowed here: Sept and Sep).
Abbreviations, like full forms are always written with a capital letter. The abbreviation ends with a period in American English, or the punctuation mark is omitted if we are talking about the British language.
Short Writing Example
From the history of the names of the months
Surely, you will be interested to know why the months sound so similar in English and in Russian. The reason is that they all came from Latin and have ancient Roman roots.
January, January - on behalf of the ancient Roman god Janus (Janus).
February, February - from the name of the Roman holiday of purification Februa.
March, March - on behalf of the ancient Roman god Mars (Martius / Mars).
April, April - on behalf of the ancient Greek goddess Aphrodite (Aphrilis).
May, May - on behalf of the ancient Greek nymph, one of the beloved Zeus, Maya (Maius).
June, June - on behalf of the ancient Roman goddess Juno (Juno).
July, July - on behalf of famous Julius Caesar (Julius). It was he who began to reform the Roman calendar.
August, August - on behalf of the no less famous Octavian Augustus (Augustus). And he completed the reform of the calendar.
September, September - from septem (seven, seventh month).
October, October - from octo (eight, eighth month).
November, November - from novem (nine, ninth month).
December, December - from decem (ten, tenth month).
12 months in English: for children and not only
With the help of various picture diagrams, you can start learning the months and seasons even with preschoolers, bright colors and funny drawings will be of interest to them:
Learning with children
To remember the number of days in each month, you can use an interesting poem:
Another interesting exercise, which will be interesting for both children and adults - "The name of the months in English: name, write, draw." Make 12 abbreviation cards with either only the first letters or numbers from 1 to 12. Flip them face down. Pulling out one at a time, say the name of the corresponding month, write its name on a piece of paper and draw an association picture with this month next to it.
In this way, various exercises and training you for short term achieve brilliant result and learn the names of all the months in English.
Mini-lesson for memorizing the names of the months:
Husband. The Moon is the Earth's satellite; night luminary, Cossack sun, moon, resin. | Type of the moon, counted in quarters: new month, old month. | The time of the moon's revolution around the earth: in relation to the sun: 29, days, synodic month, solar; in… … Dictionary Dalia
month- Moon. ... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and expressions similar in meaning. under. ed. N. Abramova, M .: Russian dictionaries, 1999. month, month, month, month, moon (sickle, disk) Dictionary of Russian synonyms ... Synonym dictionary
MONTH- period of time1) synodic shift period lunar phases, equal to 29.5306 sr. solar days.2) Sidereal (sidereal) time full turn The moon around the Earth relative to the stars, equal to 27.3217 days. 3) The draconian time interval between ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
MONTH- MONTH, a, pl. s, ev, husband. 1. Unit of time calculation according to solar calendar, equal to one twelfth of a year (from 28 to 31 days); period of 30 days. Calendar m. (January, February, March, etc.). Vacation on m. For months (for whole months) not ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
month- lifeless (Bryusov); pale gold (Terpigorev); pale matte (Chulkov); pale silver (Ogarev); pale (Blok, Zhukovsky); blue (Ice); graceful (Artsybashev); distant (Golenishchev Kutuzov); two-horned (Balmont, K.R., Sologub, ... ... Dictionary of epithets
Month- see Calendar... bible encyclopedia Brockhaus
MONTH- MONTH, months, pl. months (months wrong), male. 1. The unit of time calculation is each of the twelve parts into which it is divided astronomical year. Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
MONTH- Gennady Andreevich (born 1936), electronics scientist, academician (1984) and vice president (since 1987) of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Proceedings on high-current emission electronics, gas electronics, high-current accelerators, powerful nanosecond pulse technology. ... ... Russian history
month- month, gen. month; pl. months, gen. months and admissible month, months, dates. months and months... Dictionary of pronunciation and stress difficulties in modern Russian
MONTH- Brehat for a young month. Volg. Unapproved To lie, deceive someone. Glukhov 1988, 7. Sitting out an oblique month. Arch. To sit for a very long time where l., sit up with someone l. AOS 8, 193. Terrible month. Priamur., Sib. The position of the moon with its horns up, which, according to ... ... Big Dictionary Russian sayings
Month- This term has other meanings, see Month (meanings). Month (Latin mēnsis, Greek μήνας) is a unit of time associated with the revolution of the Moon around the Earth. Lunar months are the basis of many calendars. As a result ... ... Wikipedia
Books
- A month in the French province, P. N. Ardashev. Month in the French province. From the diary of Professor P. N. Ardashev. Reproduced in the original author's spelling of the 1903 edition (Yuriev Publishing House, K. Matthiesen Printing House `). ... Buy for 1870 UAH (Ukraine only)
- Month Gennady Andreevich. 2016 , --. Month Gennady Andreevich. 2016…
