Speech sounds are obtained through a whole complex of kinemas (movements of the articulatory organs). Correct pronunciation all kinds of sounds largely depends on the strength, mobility, and also differentiated work bodies articulation apparatus. That is the pronunciation speech sounds- this is a rather difficult motor skill that will help develop articulation exercises.

The main goals of articulation gymnastics

You can observe how the baby makes various (facial and articulatory) movements with the tongue, jaw and lips. At the same time, characteristic sounds are reproduced - babble and muttering. This is the first stage in the development of the speech of each person. He has great importance. In children, such movements are developed and develop gradually. They value strength, precision and differentiation.

A set of exercises of articulation gymnastics will help to develop and develop full-fledged movements, which is important for the correct reproduction of speech sounds.

It consists of a huge number of exercises aimed at training the mobility of organs, working out various positions of the lips, soft palate and tongue.

First of all, articulation gymnastics should be done every day. This contributes to the qualitative assimilation and consolidation of the developed skills in children. It is recommended to do articulation exercises three or four times a day, for about 5 minutes. No need to load baby large quantity new exercises immediately. It is enough for 2-3 exercises at a time.

Secondly, the exercise is performed not once, but several times (about five). should be done for 10-15 seconds.

Thirdly, it is necessary to competently approach the selection of exercises and take into account the traditional sequence: from simple to complex. It is better to spend 3-4 years in a playful way, fun and emotionally.

Fourth, new exercises should be introduced gradually, one at a time. Don't forget to review and reinforce what you've learned. You should not start new exercises if the previous tasks are not performed very well. work out old stuff possible with new game techniques.

And, fifthly, it is better to perform articulatory gymnastics while sitting. In this position, the body, arms and legs do not tense in children. It will be easier for children to complete new tasks if they see themselves and the leader. This will require a wall mirror. You can start gymnastics with exercises for the lips.

Organizing time

When explaining a new exercise, an adult should use as much as possible playing tricks. Then comes the visual demonstration. After that, under the supervision of an adult, it is performed by a child.

When children perform articulation exercises, it is important to control the quality of movements. It is important to consider the symmetry of both sides of the face. Without this, articulatory gymnastics is absolutely meaningless.

Each exercise must be approached creatively.

At first, the movements will be tense. Gradually they will become more free, organic and coordinated.

The complex of articulation exercises should include both static and dynamic tasks.

Lip exercises

They exist great amount. This is:

• Smile - lips are held in a smile, teeth should not be visible.
• Proboscis - lips are pulled forward with a long tube.
• Fence - a smile with closed teeth.
• Bagel - round and stretch lips forward. The teeth must be closed.
• Rabbit - the exercise is performed with closed teeth. raise upper lip, exposing the corresponding incisors.

Tasks for the development of lip mobility

Articulation exercises for children should be aimed at the development of lip mobility. This is:

• Scratching and biting with the teeth of both lips.
• Pull lips forward with a tube. Then stretch them into a smile.
• Pull out the lips with a tube. spin them in a circular motion, move left and right.
• Imagine yourself as a fish that talks. Clap your lips against each other.
• Take the nasolabial fold of the upper lip with two fingers of one hand, and the lower lip with the thumb and index fingers another. Stretch them up and down.
• "Kiss". The cheeks are pulled inward, after which the mouth opens sharply with a characteristic sound.
• "Duck". Massage the elongated lips with your fingers, trying to depict a beak. Wherein thumbs both hands should be under the lower lip, and the other - on the upper.
• "Unhappy Horse" Try to make a sound like a horse snorting.

Static and dynamic exercises for the language

High-quality articulation is impossible without hard work. Among the static exercises, the following can be distinguished:

• Chicks. Open your mouth wide, while the tongue lies motionless.
• Spatula. The mouth should be open, stick out the tongue, relax it and lower it in a wide position on the lower lip.
• Cup. Open your mouth wide. Stick out the tongue, while lifting the front and side edges. The tongue should not touch the teeth.
• Sting. Push forward a narrow tense tongue.
• Slide. Raise the back of the tongue up, while the tip should rest firmly against the lower incisors.
• Tube. Bend up the side edges of the tongue.
• Fungus. Stick your tongue to the palate.

A set of articulation exercises should include dynamic tasks:

• Pendulum. Slightly open your mouth and stretch your lips into a smile. Touch the corners of your mouth with the tip of your tongue.
• Football. The mouth must be closed. With a tense tongue, alternately rest against one or the other cheek.
• Teeth cleaning. Close your mouth. Circle the movement of the tongue in a circle between the teeth and lips.
• Horse. Tongue stick to the sky, then click the tongue. Click hard and slowly.
• Delicious jam. Open your mouth and lick your upper lip with your tongue.

Articulation exercises for the sound "p"

The first exercise is called "Whose teeth are cleaner." To do this, open your mouth wide and inside upper teeth to move (left-right) with the tip of the tongue.

The second is "Malyar". Open your mouth, stretch your lips in a smile. Move the tip of the tongue back and forth across the palate.

The third - "Who will drive the ball further." The exercise is done with a smile. Make the language wide. Put its edge on the lower lip and try to pronounce the sound “f” for a long time. Then put the cotton on the table and blow it to the opposite side.

These are just some articulation exercises for the “r” sound that will help you develop the correct movements of the tongue, its mobility, lifting, etc.

The tasks presented in the article will help strengthen and develop certain skills in children. Articulation exercises require competent and creativity adult. Be sure to perform them in a playful way, do not forget to say the names of each of them, which will cause direct associations. And then the children will be interested in doing a variety of exercises.

1. Tube(the same as for the “elephant” babies. The difference is to keep more long time, without a hole, tightly squeezing the lips).

2. Snorting- to relax the lips.

3. Tube to the side and into place (several times).

4. Tube to the other side and into place (several times).

5. Tube up and into place (several times).

6. Tube down and into place (several times).

7 . Scratch your upper lip with your lower teeth, and vice versa.

8. The alternation of a tube stretched forward and a smile with lips flattened to each other. Fast. Several times in a row. You can change the pace - sometimes slowly, sometimes with acceleration.

9. Upper lip bends upper teeth and extends into the mouth. And we are trying to pull her out of there, but she resists (stretching occurs for a while - the lip should get tired).

10. The same with the bottom lip. We pull, and she resists.

11. The same exercise, but together at the same time the upper and lower lip. Only in fast pace.

12. Try to fold the mustache area above the upper lip into folds - like a pleated skirt. With two hands. Hold the folds. The lip hurts a lot. Let go. Repeat the exercise three times.

13. Raise the upper lip "by the thread" as if. Like puppet puppets. Lower. Repeat 10 times.

14. The same, but lower the lower lip.

15. Alternation: raise the top, lower the bottom, lower the top, raise the bottom.

After these exercises, there is a feeling of tired lips, they become hot - the blood rushed to them. This is the effect you want.

Language exercises

(to the exercises that are listed in the section for children 4–6 years old, I also add these):

1. Tongue describe circles on the gums with outside 10 laps one way, 10 laps the other. (In this exercise, the root of the tongue relaxes.)

2. Fold the tongue in all possible directions.

3. Try to reach the tongue to the nose, to the chin.

Diction

Now the articulatory apparatus is stretched. You can move on to diction. (Speak better after breathing and moaning exercises.)

Children don't speak well! They do not know how to formulate an idea. Around us we often hear speech fuzzy, indistinct, with a skip of sounds, filtering through clenched jaws, with an abundance of jargon, with poor intonation. That melodious, rich in shades of Russian speech, with good drawling vowels, you will not find anywhere.

Diction is the correct, clear pronunciation of speech sounds, words.

All groups use wine corks. It, as a disturbing factor, forces the tongue to work with effort. So after a traffic jam, it is easier to speak, and the speech itself is clearer.

Don't swallow the endings!

A child or an adult, when he speaks in everyday speech or from the stage, and we hear only the beginning of a word, phrase. There is not enough breath energy, emotional infection to finish, and even to highlight the last sound (sounds). We do not notice this in life, we get used to talking like that. If this is tolerable in everyday speech, then it is completely unpleasant in stage speech. If we compare the speech sounding from the stage with cooking and treating us, spectators-guests, with dishes, it seems that the owner served a raw dish, undercooked.

Recommendations: It is necessary to pay attention to the pronunciation of the ends of words - especially consonants at the end - B, P, C, F, K, G, D, T. Their enhanced pronunciation contributes to correct work breathing. The fact is that with a clear pronunciation of these consonants at the end of the word, excess air remains are ejected from the lungs, and the ribs automatically open to suck in a new portion of air.

The pace of speech reduces her culture!

Of course, if we mean unprepared, everyday speech. (Not tongue twisters in the training, which are designed to develop speech clarity at a fast pace.) But the way everyone in the ordinary life. When there is "porridge" in the mouth. That is why I constantly ask students in the classroom to speak slowly, clearly, distinctly. So that the articulatory apparatus has time to refine, negotiate. In addition, in the resulting pauses, the visions necessary for full communication with a partner have time to appear in the mind of the speaker. “Rays” of interaction with him have time to arise, in pauses there is a moment “Understood, did not understand? Then I'll explain it differently! With fast speech, nothing will arise. I'm talking about initial stage learning. Children who have been studying for several years are taught and can pick up the pace without harming understanding, interaction and evaluation of what is happening.

Exercises: articulatory, diction.

Also pay attention to the pronunciation of double consonants, standing either in the middle of a word, or at the end of one and at the beginning of the next word. For example, reading the tongue twister: The weaver weaves fabrics for Tanya's shawls, in words weave t t quality meets double hard sound"T". In everyday speech, we do not follow this nuance, but for a full-fledged correct speech good diction requires the pronunciation of exactly two sounds: tt . Or in another phrase: “From the clatter of hooves, dust flies across the field”. You also need to pronounce the double "T" well - about t t opota. It is better to take these two words and work them out separately from the whole tongue twister, at different paces.

My child doesn't say "rrrr"!!!

Depending on what type of defect is presented in this case. As a rule, there is a flaccid tongue. Therefore, you should do exercises to restore the tone of the tongue, put it in the correct position and do EVERY DAY SEVERAL TIMES the “Motor” exercise. To achieve a flutter of the tip of the tongue.

work out a good air jet, pump up the muscles of the tongue, relax the tongue.

Exercises breathing, articulation exercises

The sound “R” requires special attention. It is necessary to instill in children a love for rolling long sound. To distract children from increased pronunciation - excessive tension in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe tongue ( oral cavity), we connect the hand. At the moment of exhalation, in the process of pronouncing the sound, we make rotational movements, as if the hand is a corkscrew, and we are drilling a wide wall with it. The tension is removed from the articulation, it becomes easier and more fun to do the exercise. In addition, in the section Finger gymnastics” talks about the relationship between speech and hand movements. This principle is successfully applied here.

Similar information.

Many people, not even connected with public speaking as such, it is often necessary to take on the role of a speaker, presenter or entertainer. It can be a project presentation or a report, an event or just a story. interesting history with friends. What can we say about those for whom performances are a profession? But it doesn’t matter at all whether a person performs professionally, is only learning this skill, or has nothing to do with it at all, in any case correct articulation will always play into his hands, tk. thanks to her, all spoken words will sound distinct, clear and precise, and the speech will be beautiful and memorable. In particular, this, of course, applies to those people who are directly related to the speeches. In this article, we present to your attention 10 effective exercises to improve articulation.

Each of the exercises is aimed at training muscles speech apparatus and improve their mobility. When performing, it is important to pay special attention to the fact that the load should be directed to specific muscle groups. It is also important that the muscles of the neck and shoulder region can work freely, and the pace of exercises should be slowed down - this helps to get from the exercises the greatest effect. Before performing the exercises, it is imperative to perform warm-up exercises of the speech apparatus. You can devote only 5-7 minutes to it, but the quality of the practice will improve significantly.

Articulation gymnastics

Articulation gymnastics differs in types:

Gymnastics for cheeks

1. Retraction and inflation of the cheeks alternately
2. Distillation of air from one cheek first to the other cheek, then under the lower lip, then under the upper lip
3. Tension of the cheeks and lips with an attempt to push air out of the oral cavity
4. Retraction of the cheeks and simultaneous closing and opening of the lips

Gymnastics of the lower jaw

• Fists on the lower jaw and jaw pressure on the fists
• Various movements of the lower jaw: up and down, back and forth, circular

Gymnastics of the soft palate

1. Yawning with open mouth
2. Movement of the tongue, collected in the "scapula" to the soft palate and return to the alveoli - the base of the upper lower teeth
3. Pronunciation of vowels with yawns
4. Imitation gargling

Lip gymnastics

• Tight smile with closed teeth and puckering of the lips with a straw
• Various movements of the lips with closed teeth: up-down, left-right, circular
• Lip chewing
• Pulling the lips over the teeth and the subsequent smile with the sliding of the lips over the teeth
• Pull up of the upper lip, exposing the upper teeth, then the lower lip, exposing the lower teeth
• snort

Gymnastics of the tongue

1. Rotation of the tongue in a circle in the space between the lips and teeth and retention of the tongue under the right and under the left cheeks alternately
2. Tongue chewing
3. Patting tongue with lips
4. Pulling the tongue forward with a "needle"
5. Attempts to reach the tongue to the chin and to the nose
6. Folding the tongue with a “tube”, moving the “tube” back and forth and blowing air into it
7. Turning the tongue on different sides
8. Holding the tongue against the upper palate

After the articulation gymnastics is over and you are convinced that all parts of the speech apparatus are developed, you can proceed to the main exercises to improve articulation.

Articulation exercises

Exercise 1

An exercise in feeling the tip of the tongue - its hardness and activity in pronunciation. To do this, use your imagination: imagine that your tongue is a small hammer. Then beat him in the teeth with the tip, saying: yes-yes-yes-yes-yes. After that, practice pronunciation of the letters "T-D".

Exercise 2

Exercise to release the larynx and tongue. Its essence lies in the fact that you need to quickly take a short breath through your nose and exhale completely through your mouth. The exhalation should also be sharp and should be accompanied by the sound "Fu". The same exercise can be supplemented with an exercise to strengthen the muscles of the larynx: say the letters "K-G" several times.

Exercise 3

Exercise for quick activation of the labial muscles. You need to puff out your cheeks and dump the air you have taken in with a sharp pop through pursed lips, while pronouncing the letters “P-B” vigorously.

Exercise 4

An exercise to develop the skill of gaining air before each new phrase. Take any poem or piece of work and consciously take a breath before each new phrase. Try not to forget about it so that a habit develops. And you also need to take into account three points: breathing should be silent, at the beginning of each phrase, you should keep your lips a little open, and after the end of each sound, you should immediately close your mouth so that the ending does not “chew”.

Exercise 5

Exercise for the correct distribution of air. As a rule, more breathing is required for a person to speak loudly, but speaking quietly often involves more control of exhalation. Practice pronunciation of phrases quietly and in a loud voice and determine how much air you need for each of them. Combine this technique with the previous one.

Exercise 6

Exercise for the smooth pronunciation of vowels in a single stream and a clear pronunciation of consonants within this stream. Choose any poem (or several lines from it) and do as follows: first, exclude all consonants from the lines and pronounce only the vowels evenly, stretching them out a little. After that, start inserting clear and fast consonants into the vowel stream, trying to ensure that the vowel stream remains as sonorous.

Exercise 7

Diction exercise. It is a simple reading of tongue twisters. Choose for yourself a few tongue twisters with different letter combinations and start honing your pronunciation. At first slowly, slowly. Then increase the pace. Watch the rhythm, control diction, intelligibility and expressiveness.

Exercise 8

Another exercise to improve diction. It consists in the fact that at the end of each word you need to give Special attention sharp emphasis on its ending. This will make the pronunciation of the word clearer and more expressive.

Exercise 9

An exercise to improve the pronunciation of sounds. It is used for those sounds that are most difficult for you to pronounce. Take a dictionary, open the letter that is causing you difficulty, and read all the words in a row that have a sound that is difficult for you, listening carefully to it. Through repeated repetitions, pronunciation will improve. In addition to this exercise, you can use a voice recorder to track your progress: write down all the spoken words, then listen to the recordings and work on the mistakes.

Exercise 10

An exercise to develop the timbre and acoustic properties of the voice. It includes the development of the muscles of the pharynx and tongue. It is necessary to silently pronounce the letters “A-E-O” 10 times, while trying to open not the mouth, but the cavity of the pharynx.

And as small bonus another great one and effective reception to improve overall quality not only articulations, but also introductions in general - this working with a mirror. Choose a passage of prose or a poem that you remember and read it while watching your reflection in the mirror. Track your facial expressions, the movement of lips, eyes, eyebrows, cheekbones. Listen to your voice. The main evaluation criteria should be aesthetics, naturalness, harmony, as well as psychological and physical comfort. You must achieve that you like yourself, so that the sound of your voice is pleasant for you, and facial expressions and gestures evoke only positive emotions.

Naturally, these exercises are not exhaustive and unique. And they should serve you only as pointers in the work on your articulation. If you wish, you can find a huge number similar exercises on the Internet or specialized literature. But to sum it up, one can short summary and highlight a few key principles:

• Of particular importance in the training of articulation are the systematic training and their conscious control.
• It is very important to work regularly in front of a mirror.
• In the process of training, you must be demanding of yourself, be able to look (listen) to yourself from the side
• It is imperative to do numerous repetitions of unpronounceable sounds until you feel a state of complete comfort when pronouncing them.
• Particular attention should be paid to working with muscle and emotional clamps.
• Progress significantly speeds up listening to audio and watching videos with recordings of people with excellent articulation

Be guided in your practice by these principles, and desired result will make itself known very soon. And the first tangible effect will appear already at the initial stage. Remember that it is recommended to develop articulation not only for singers, professional presenters, lecturers, speakers or actors, but for any person in general, if only for the simple reason that we all live in society, and we constantly have to interact with other people.

We wish you good luck with your articulation work. Speak beautifully!

To train articulation and cheer up, we suggest you take a short test:

1. Try it without using your hands and with closed mouth turn the lower lip inside out
2. Try to do the same, but with your mouth open
3. Repeat step #2 at the mirror

Perhaps the definition of "articulatory gymnastics" will be bewildering. After all, everyone is used to the fact that gymnastics is needed to strengthen muscles, for flexibility, dexterity ... That's right. The organs involved in sound production - lips, cheeks, tongue - also consist of muscles. And when they are not sufficiently developed, strong, mobile, speech turns out to be illegible, the speaker has a “porridge” of sounds in his mouth. Therefore, in the development of speech of preschoolers, articulation gymnastics for children has great value. After all, it is in childhood that it is easier and most important to develop necessary qualities muscles involved in speech.

The most childish games

What do these muscles need? Lips, cheeks and mandible- mobility, tongue - strength, elasticity, dexterity, sufficient length of the bridle, the ability to quickly take different positions and states. Equally important is the ability to exhale necessary strength and in the right direction. The child may well acquire all these abilities by the time active speaking begins (about 2 years old), if all this time he is engaged in articulatory gymnastics. In addition, there are various sets of articulation exercises that allow you to correct the incorrect pronunciation of certain speech sounds (hissing, whistling, [l], [r]) in children 4, 5, 6, 7 years old. So it is difficult to overestimate the importance of such activities.

In order to have as few problems with incorrect pronunciation as possible, you can start classes on the development of articulation even before 1 year old - already from the first months of a baby's life. At first, these will be the sounds that the mother shows the child. Moreover, it shows exaggeratedly, making each movement exaggerated, so that the baby gradually remembers the movements of the lips.

For example, when bathing, dressing, during games for the smallest children, you can depict:

• water noise;
• cackling geese;
• fish (slap lips without sound);
• the howl of the wind;
• horses - clatter, snort;
• dogs; sticking out their tongue or growling;
• elephants extending their proboscis;
• kitties that lap, lick, meow;
• hooting owls;
• ticking clock;
• cock singing;
• mouse click, etc.

Such classes should be carried out constantly so that the baby gets used to the fact that speech is active work lips, tongue and all other muscles involved in the process of sound production. At first, he will just watch how adults do it.

Two to four

At the age of 2-3 years, the child can already repeat the simplest exercises after the parents. From this age, classes with preschoolers should be systematic.

To make sure that everything is done correctly, the child definitely needs a mirror. And so that the kid does not consider classes boring lessons that you don’t want to do, they should take place in the form of a game. At this time, you can tell the baby fairy tales about the travels of a tongue, an elephant, brave mushroom pickers, little cooks, etc. You can clothe each exercise in a poetic form.

At the age of 3-4 years, it is already possible to control the correct execution of each movement, in older children it is important to develop clarity and smoothness.

Kids 2-4 years old are not able to concentrate for a long time and get tired quickly, even from games. Therefore, articulation gymnastics for children of this age should not last more than 10 minutes. You need to start at all with 2-3 minutes a day, from the most simple exercises, gradually learning all the new ones, as the previous ones are mastered.

During such “lessons”, alternate static and dynamic exercises in order to keep the baby’s interest in the lesson longer.

At this age, the following articulation exercises are suitable.

Static:

• "Smile" - the child smiles, hiding his teeth behind closed lips, the position is maintained for 4-5 seconds;
• "Pancake" - the tongue is laid out in a relaxed, flat state on the lower lip, but does not move forward (we also hold for about 5 seconds);
• "Hippo" - the baby keeps his mouth wide open for about 5 seconds;
• "Proboscis" - the lips fold into a tube and stretch forward as far as possible (hold the position for up to 5 seconds);
• "Hungry hamster" - draw in your cheeks and stay in this position for 5-6 seconds.

Dynamic:

• “Knead the dough” - the tongue is in the “pancake” position, at this time the child closes and opens his lips, slightly bites his tongue with his teeth;
• “Brushing teeth” - with the tip of the tongue, the baby should run over the upper teeth from left to right, then in the same way along the lower ones;
• “Snake (arrow)” - the tongue must be made narrow, sharp and pulled as far forward as possible, held for a few seconds;
• "Swing" - with an open mouth, you must alternately raise the tongue up and down. You can perform a variation: do the exercise in front of the teeth and behind the teeth;
• "Watch" - with an open mouth, the baby alternately touches the tip of the tongue of the right and left corners of the mouth;
• "Balls" - the baby puffs out his cheeks, and then claps his fingers on them, releasing air;
• "Full hamster" - first both cheeks are inflated, then each in turn.

You need to start with 2-3 repetitions, gradually increasing their number to 7-10. But if the child gets tired, the lesson should be stopped and the rest completed at another time.

Homework on the development of the articulatory apparatus in a baby should not be stopped if he went to kindergarten. Classes conducted by the teacher with the entire group in kindergarten may not be enough. After all, in children's team it is difficult to give enough attention to each child individually to make sure that he does everything correctly and in the right amount. Even if the baby is studying with a professional speech therapist, he will advise you to consolidate what you have learned at home.

four to seven

During this period of his development, the preschooler (or junior school student) is already ready for longer and more complex classes. A set of articulation exercises can last up to 20 minutes. The child is now able to fulfill the rather complex requests of adults, so "tricky" exercises are more suitable for this age group.

At this age, the child can be shown video lessons on the development of the articulatory apparatus (at the same time, the parents themselves can more correctly master the methodology for conducting such classes).

When teaching your child correct speech, make sure that your own speech is also correct. Children learn by copying our actions. Therefore, if parents have speech defects or they construct sentences illiterately, the children will do the same. If you yourself do not pronounce some sounds, take care of your articulation first. Achieve pure sound extraction and only after that teach your baby. Otherwise, a speech therapist will have to retrain him. And it's much more difficult.

In addition, such a situation will certainly be stressful for the child when he gets into language environment, different from the one that surrounds him at home (for example, he will go to Kindergarten). After all, for him, everything that parents do is a priori right.

So, articulation gymnastics for the age of 4-7 years is as follows.

Exercises to develop lip mobility:

• "Elephant" ("Proboscis");
• "Smile";
• "Hippo";
• "Pancake";
• "Fence";
• Alternation "Smile" - "Fence".

Exercises to strengthen the muscles of the tongue:

• "Pancake";
• "Swing";
• "Knead the dough";
• “Angry pussy” - with the tip of the tongue, the baby rests on the lower teeth, the middle of the tongue arches with a “slide”, now you need to lightly bite the “slide” with your teeth;
• "Snake";
• "Sail" - the child should rest the tip of the tongue against the front teeth and linger for a few seconds (the mouth is open at the same time);
• “Malyar” - you need to “paint” the palate with a tongue in the direction from the teeth to the throat;
• "Brushing teeth";
• "Watch";
• “Cup” - you need to open your mouth wide, stick out the tongue and make it round, raising the tip and sides (hold it for a few seconds without touching your lips or teeth);
• "Turkey" - the child quickly moves the tip of the tongue along the upper lip back and forth, making the sound "bl";
• “Delicious jam” - with a wide tongue, the baby should lick the upper lip from top to bottom;
• "Woodpecker" - with a sharp tip of the tongue, you need to quickly beat behind the upper teeth at their base, pronouncing the sound "d";
• "Motor" - the exercise is similar to the previous one, only you need to exhale with greater strength and pronounce "dyn-dyn".

Exercises for the development of the hyoid frenulum:

• "Mushroom" - the tongue must be sucked to the palate (the mouth is as open as possible) and so hold for 7-10 seconds;
• "Accordion" - the exercise is similar to the previous one, only the lower jaw must be wiggled - open with the maximum possible amplitude and cover a little;
• "Horse" - the exercise is similar to a mushroom, only more dynamic: the tongue must be torn off, making a sound similar to the clatter of hooves.

Cheek exercises:

• "Hungry Hamster";
• "Fed hamster";
• "Balloons".

When doing articulation exercises with a child at home, it should be remembered that during such games the baby should be in good mood and do it with pleasure. Classes after 4 years can be organized 2 times a day for about 10 minutes each. One of the main components of success is the systematic training and their game form. No violence and no "binding"!

Ideally, the time to complete each exercise is about 10 seconds. But you should focus on the desire and ability of the child. If he gets tired or does not want to, it is better to slow down for a while.

If some exercise does not work out even for you, do not hesitate to admit this to the baby and invite him to learn together. You can watch it on the video, try it again and decide together that you will certainly master the difficult game.

Classes for practicing articulation do not have to be just classes - elements of exercises can be included in everyday life: imitate pets, lick a spoon or plate while eating, etc.

Exercising strength

At any age, breathing exercises will be useful. After all, if the child does not develop the power of speech exhalation, he will not be able to pronounce long phrases, he will get air in the process of speaking and finish the sentence either in a whisper or “excitedly”.

You can train speech breathing at any opportunity. For example, reading a book. If it contains a description of the wind, mom can depict how it blows. Coming in winter from a walk, you can blow on chilled hands. Bathing the baby in the bathroom, we blow on the foam, blow it off our hands. During lunch, you can blow on hot tea. Such games, in addition to direct benefits, will bring a lot of positive emotions to the child.

The main focus of development speech breathing should be done so that the child can make a long smooth exhalation of the same force throughout. This will help him in the future to correctly distribute the amount of air when pronouncing long phrases.

There are special exercises for practicing speech breathing.

• "Dandelion". In the summer, on a walk, you need to find a downy dandelion and show the baby how to blow off the fluff from it.
• "Butterfly". Cut out a paper butterfly. Attached to a thread, it flutters very beautifully, if you blow on it correctly - evenly and for a long time.
• "Snowflake". You need to make a snowflake - fluff a small piece of fleece. When blown on it, it flies. The longer you exhale, the higher the snowflake flies.
• "Fluff". The same, only with a feather. You can play together: the mother drives the fluff to the child, he - back to her.
• "Ivushka". Several narrow strips of paper are glued to a pencil or stick. Making a "breeze", the baby will make the "willow branches" sway.
• "Candle". The kid should learn how to blow out a candle (for example, for his birthday).
• "Migratory birds". Carved figurines of small birds are placed on the table. On command (“the birds are flying!”), the adult, together with the child, blows on the birds. Whoever flies the farthest wins.
• "Pipe". A toy in the form of a pipe or a whistle (whistles) also perfectly trains breathing.
• "Storm in a teacup". The child blows forcefully into a cocktail tube placed in a glass of water or drink. A real storm!

Takova general technique development of the articulatory apparatus in preschool children. It needs to be adjusted based on the capabilities, health, interests of the child. For someone, instead of the “Snake”, it is better to call the exercise “Needle” or “Arrow”, with someone more attention give stretching of the bridle (especially if the baby does not succeed in the sounds [r] and [l]), someone does not differ in perseverance, then the classes will have to be divided into 3-4 visits per day and performed in very small portions.

If, despite all the efforts of the parents, by the age of 4-5 the child has not learned to pronounce all sounds correctly or confuses, for example, voiced with deaf ones, you should seek help from a speech therapist. Perhaps the baby has congenital defects of the organs of speech (palate, tongue), or he has an incorrect bite, too short a hyoid frenulum, short tongue, large lips, etc. An increased tone of the muscles of the lips, tongue, and larynx also leads to speech defects.

To correct such defects, a course may be required. speech therapy massage or even surgery.

correct, beautiful speech, colored with bright intonation, having a pleasant rhythm, will not appear in a child just like that. This is a big “invisible” work that the baby’s parents have to do in the first 5-6 years of his life, so that later he can independently enrich and improve his speech baggage at school, delighting mom and dad with their successes.

Exercise 1

Alternately stick out a narrow tense tongue ("sting") and a wide relaxed one ("shovel").

Exercise 2

With an effort to rest the tip of the tongue on the upper teeth, then relax, laying it on the bottom of the mouth. Unclench your lips and teeth, open your mouth.

Exercise 3

Smile, open your mouth, put a wide, relaxed tongue on your lower lip. Hold the pose for a count of 1-5.

Exercise 4

Stretch your lips into a smile with tension, then relax your lips and return to their original position.

Exercise 5

Alternately squeeze with force and unclench the jaws and lips. Relax, freely lowering the lower jaw.

Exercise 6

Slowly lower and raise the relaxed lower jaw without tension and fatigue, opening the mouth wide.

Exercise 7

Pull the tongue back with effort. Feel the tension of the root of the tongue. Then relax the tongue, laying it on the bottom of the mouth.

Exercises for the vocal apparatus

yawn- this is an unconditioned reflex, an arbitrary respiratory act, which consists of a slow inhalation and a quick energetic exhalation. Yawning reduces tension, stiffness of the vocal apparatus.

Exercise 1

Open your mouth wide, yawn deeply. Repeat exercise.

Exercise 2

Yawn and, interrupting the yawn, draw out a sound mmm. Repeat 10-15 times.

Exercise 3

Yawn, exhale syllables ah, ooh, ooh first silently, and then voicing them.

Exercise 4

Yawning with syllables mummy, mommy, mummy on the exhale. Repeat 10-15 times.

Note!

When performing exercises, you should catch the contrast between muscle tension and relaxation. Every day, mentally reproduce in every detail a pleasant feeling of relaxation.

Having mastered relaxation, you will learn to relieve tension and fatigue, you will feel calmer and liberated.

Chapter 5 Training the Speech Muscles

Working muscles- are getting stronger

idle- fall asleep wrong

working- are destroyed.

General information

Good diction is the basis for clarity and intelligibility of speech. Clarity and purity of pronunciation depend on the active and correct operation of the articulatory (speech) apparatus, especially on its moving parts - the tongue, lips, palate, lower jaw and pharynx.

To achieve clarity of pronunciation, it is necessary to develop the articulatory apparatus with the help of special exercises (articulatory gymnastics).

These exercises help to create a neuromuscular background for developing precise and coordinated movements necessary for sounding a full-fledged voice, clear and precise diction, prevent the pathological development of articulation movements, and also relieve excessive tension in the articulatory and facial muscles, develop the necessary muscle movements for freehold and control of parts of the articulatory apparatus.

♦ When performing articulation exercises, observe following rules:

♦ perform exercises only in front of a mirror, relying on both visual control and motor sensations;

♦ avoid accompanying (additional) movements;

♦ perform exercises at a calm pace, effortlessly, striving for smooth and rhythmic execution of movements;

♦ move on to the next exercise only after the previous one has been mastered;

♦ exercise 2-3 times a day for 7-10 minutes.