At the age of 18, he shone in Moscow salons, then served in the Izmailovsky regiment and rose to the rank of lieutenant. Even then he wrote poems, romances, songs, elegies, satires, etc. In 1793 he began to publish in the journal St. Petersburg Mercury. By the same time, his active collaboration in the "Aonids" (1796-1799) and "Bulletin of Europe" belongs. After retiring in 1797, he settled in Moscow.
Here he decided to marry and chose the famous beauty, Kapitolina Mikhailovna Vysheslavtseva. Family life was unsuccessful and ended in divorce. The Pushkin family tradition blamed Kapitolina Mikhailovna for this. However, documents have now been published that paint the case in a different light. In 1802, Kapitolina Mikhailovna filed a petition for a divorce with the Moscow spiritual authorities, referring to her husband's illegal relationship. The divorce proceedings dragged on until 1806.
Before the fire in 1812 in Moscow, Vasily Pushkin led a cheerful, open life of a hospitable and wealthy person. Well educated, witty and resourceful, he shone in the salons and was famous for his impromptu and puns. He knew languages: German, French, English, Italian, Latin. He liked to recite Horace's odes by heart.
Traveled abroad, actually 1803-1804. Vasily Lvovich spent time abroad, mainly in Paris. Regarding his trip abroad, I. I. Dmitriev created an ironic playful poem “The Journey of N.N. to Paris and London, written three days before the trip."
Vasily Pushkin was a supporter of Karamzin and took part in disputes with Shishkov (messages "To Zhukovsky", "To Dashkov").
By 1811 he belongs best work- satire "Dangerous Neighbor". Written in the style of Renier, witty, though rude and long time"inconvenient for printing", satire was popular in Russian literary circles of that time. It combines caustic attacks against the "Shishkovists" with realistic sketches of the mores of the Moscow nobility.
The plot of the satire is as follows:
The hero's neighbor Buyanov dragged her into the den, started a fight there, and the poor hero had to flee, leaving his wallet, watch, overcoat. He was glad that he got off cheaply:
Blessed, a hundred times blessed, who lives in silence,
With whom my dangerous neighbor does not meet ...
The poem went from hand to hand, they read it, laughed heartily at it.
Baratynsky appreciated " dangerous neighbor"for the energy of the verse for the liveliness:
Pankratievna, sit down; kiss me, Varushka;
Give me a punch: "Drink, deacon." And the feast began.
A. S. Pushkin admired his uncle’s satire and remembered the “dangerous neighbor” in “Eugene Onegin”: “... my cousin Buyanov ...”.
The appearance of Napoleon in Moscow caught Vasily Lvovich by surprise. On December 14, 1812, he wrote to Prince P. A. Vyazemsky about the ruin of Moscow:
“I lost all my movable property in it. My new carriage, droshky, furniture, and my precious library all burned down. I couldn't bear anything; I had no money, and no one helped me in such an extreme way.
After that, V. Pushkin, together with other Muscovite fire victims, moved to Nizhny Novgorod, where a whole colony soon formed. It was a difficult period in his life; in a letter to he says:
"You ask what I'm doing in Nizhny Novgorod? Nothing at all. I live in a hut, I walk in the cold without a fur coat, and I don’t have a penny.”
However, in the same letter, forgetting about personal troubles, he writes:
Kokoshkin writes from Yaroslavl that he is translating Phaedra. Have you read his imitation of the prophet Habakkuk?”
Gradually, the life of the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod colony improved, balls, masquerades, lunches, dinners began, and Pushkin became completely cheerful.
At the beginning of 1813, having visited for a short time, Vasily Lvovich Pushkin again settled in Moscow.
All members of this society had nicknames. Vasily Lvovich received the nickname "Here" (or "Here I am you", "Votrushka").
Uncle Pushkin belonged to the school of "classics" and did not sympathize with the romantic direction. In his elegies, romances, songs, album poems, the influence of sentimentalism is noticeable. He was an adherent of "light poetry" and an imitator of Dmitriev; wrote "songs", epigrams, messages, etc., imitated Tibullus, Horace, Catullus, Guys, etc., translated several fables of Florian, La Fontaine, and others. Vasily Pushkin's fables are mostly alterations and imitations of foreign authors.
“The features of his infantile simplicity of heart and cowardice,” wrote his friend P. A. Vyazemsky, “may constitute an interesting chapter in the history of the human heart. They gave something funny to his personality, but they were very sweet."
F. F. Vigel describes V. L. Pushkin as follows:
“He himself is very ugly: a loose, fattening body on thin legs, a slanting belly, a crooked nose, a triangle face, a mouth and chin, like Charles Ken, and most of all, thinning hair, not more than thirty years old, made him look old. In addition, toothlessness softened his conversation, and his friends listened to him, although with pleasure, but at some distance from him.
In 1822 he published the collection "Poems".
AT later time the aging Vasily Lvovich was already writing paler and paler.
Poet, translator, member of the literary society "Arzamas". In the summer of 1811 he brought Pushkin to the Lyceum. Subsequently, he enthusiastically treated him, admired his poems, and was proud of him. Pushkin called the poet uncle a writer "gentle, subtle, sharp." Artist I.-E. Vivien. 1823 (?).
Used materials of the book: Pushkin A.S. Works in 5 vol. M., Synergy Publishing House, 1999.
And the uncle of the poet, and the poet himself
Pushkin Vasily Lvovich (1770-1830). The poet's uncle is the poet himself, the author of the sensational mischievous poem "A Dangerous Neighbor" (1811) and a collection of poems (1822), a retired guard lieutenant. Well educated, witty and resourceful, he led a gay social life, shone in the salons and was famous for his impromptu and puns. “The features of his infantile simplicity of heart and cowardice,” wrote his friend P. A. Vyazemsky, “may constitute an interesting chapter in the history of the human heart. They gave something funny to his personality, but they were very sweet."
According to his father, A.S. Pushkin listened to his uncle’s poems in childhood, “he hardened some by heart and thus pleased his respected relative.” In the summer of 1811, Vasily Lvovich left Moscow for St. Petersburg with his nephew to enroll him in the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. One of the first he was his mentor in literary pursuits, and the young poet later admitted that his “uncle the poet” wooed the “muses”.
Together with P. A. Vyazemsky, K. N. Batyushkov, V. A. Zhukovsky, Vasily Lvovich was a member of the Arzamas literary society and bore the playful title of “headman” and the nickname “Here (I am you!”).
Pushkin and his friends treated the literary activity of VL Pushkin and himself with good-natured irony. This was also reflected in the messages to the uncle: “Christ is risen, pet Phoebus ...” (1816), “Uncle, who called the writer brother ...” (1816), “Tell me, my Parnassian father ...” (1817) and others.
No, no - you are not my brother at all;
You are my uncle and on Parnassus.
In September 1826, Pushkin arrived in Moscow and, after an audience with Nicholas I, immediately went to his uncle. Ten years have passed since their last meeting at the Lyceum. Before the poet was a sick and pitiful old man. Pushkin did not forget his uncle, and on his subsequent visits to Moscow he constantly visited him. “Uncle Vasily Lvovich ... cried when he learned about my engagement,” Pushkin wrote to Vyazemsky in May 1830. “He was going to give us poems for the wedding. The other day he almost died and almost revived. God knows what and why he lives. Until the last day, Vasily Lvovich did not cease to be interested in literature. Pushkin was with him at the time of his death and wrote to his friend P. A. Pletnev in September 1830: “Poor Uncle Vasily! Do you know his last words? I come to him, I find him in oblivion, waking up, he recognized me, grieved, then, after a pause: how boring Katenin's articles are! And no more words. What is it? This is what it means to die an honest warrior on a shield, le cri de guerre a la bouche!” (with a battle cry on his lips!). Pushkin assumed the costs and troubles associated with the funeral of his uncle, and, according to a contemporary, "mourned him as a relative and as a poet."
L.A. Chereisky. Pushkin's contemporaries. Documentary essays. M., 1999, pp. 11-12.
I noticed the talent of my nephew
Pushkin Vasily Lvovich (April 27, 1770-August 20, 1830), poet. Uncle A. S. Pushkin. Born in Moscow. He served in the army, in 1797 he retired. He began to publish in 1793 in the journal St. Petersburg Mercury. In 1822 he published the collection "Poems". Pushkin was a follower of N. M. Karamzin and I. I. Dmitriev, a member of Arzamas (since 1816). The influence of sentimentalism is noticeable in his elegies, romances, songs, album poems. Pushkin's fables are mostly adaptations and imitations of foreign authors. Pushkin's work of 1810-15 is of the greatest importance, when he spoke out against the "Old Believers" - the epigones of classicism, supporters of "Slavicism". In the heroic-comic poem The Dangerous Neighbor (1811, published 1855), caustic attacks against the "Shishkovists" are combined with realistic sketches of the mores of the Moscow nobility. The image of the reveler Buyanov was used by A. S. Pushkin in “Eugene Onegin” (“my cousin Buyanov, in fluff, in a cap with a visor ...”). Pictures "in the Flemish taste", light verse, lively colloquial speech ensured the success of the poem. In the poetic story Captain Brave (1829-30), written under the influence of Eugene Onegin and Count Nulin, Pushkin spoke out against following the Western European romantics, parodied the romantic poem by I. I. Kozlov "Natalya Borisovna Dolgorukaya". He expressed patriotic feelings in the poem "To the inhabitants of Nizhny Novgorod" (1812). Pushkin was one of the first to notice the talent of A. S. Pushkin (“My uncle, a poet, gave me advice on this and betrothed me with the muses” - from A. S. Pushkin’s poem “To Delvig”, 1815), influenced some of his lyceum poems (“Gorodok”, “V. L. Pushkin”, “To Zhukovsky”).
Site materials used Big Encyclopedia Russian people - http://www.rusinst.ru
Compositions:
Op. / Entry. Art. V. I. Santova. SPb., 1893;
[Poems] / Karamzin and poets of his time / Introduction. Art. B. V. Tomashevsky. L., 1936;
[Poems] // Poets-satirists of the XVIII - n. 19th century / Entry. Art. G. V. Ermakova-Bitner. L., 1959;
[Poems] // Poets n. 19th century / Entry. Art. Yu. M. Lotman. L., 1961.
Read further:
Pushkin, Alexander Sergeyevich(1799-1837), poet, nephew of Vasily Lvovich.
Literature Olympiad
6th grade
Prepared by: Russian language teacher
and literatureKOU KSI VO
"Borisoglebsk Cadet Corps"
Lutsenko Elena Viktorovna
1. Match the genre definition with the titles of the works below
chronicle | "Horse Family" | ||
Fable | "Cup" |
||
Ballad | "The Tale of Bygone Years" |
||
Story | "Porridge from an ax" |
||
Story | "Monkey and Glasses" |
||
Poem | "White birch" |
2. Identify the writer by biographical facts.
Born in Moscow, his uncle Vasily Lvovich was a famous poet, the boy had big influence nanny, studied at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, V. Zhukovsky gave him his portrait with the inscription "To the winner of the student from the defeated teacher" | |
He was raised by his grandmother, studied at Moscow University, entered the school of guard ensigns and cavalry cadets, for one of his works he was exiled to the Caucasus, died in a duel. |
|
He spent most of his life in Yasnaya Polyana, participated in the Crimean War, opened a school for peasant children, they say about him that he is “the pride of the Russian people” |
Maximum amount points - 3
3. Answer each of the questions "yes" (if the statement is true) or "no" (if the statement is false).
a) V. Zhukovsky is called "the sun of Russian poetry"
b) Chronicle writing in Russia began in the 11th century.
C) A poem based on a historical event, a legend with a sharp plot is called a ballad
D) epigraph - a short text placed by the author after the work
E) The story and the word are genres of ancient Russian literature.
Maximum points - 5
4 Connect the names and surnames of Russian and foreign writers.
1) Agnia a) Yesenin
2) Astrid b) Prishvin
3) Sergey Alexandrovich c) Kuprin
4) Alexander Ivanovich d) Marshak
5) Alexander Sergeevich e) Lindgren
6) Konstantin Georgievich e) Rodari
7) Gianni e) Astafiev
8) Viktor Petrovich g) Barto
9) Samuil Yakovlevich h) Paustovsky
10) Mikhail Mikhailovich i) Pushkin
1 point per fact (10 points).
5. Match the term and its definition.
1) Description of nature in a literary work. a) rhyme
2) A conversation between two or more people. b) landscape
3) Consonance of the ends of the lines. c) dialogue
4) Allegorically describes the subject, teaches
guess what's going on. d) a fable
5)Small artwork,
depicting a single event in a person's life. e) riddle
6) Allegory, with the help of which the abstract
concept is conveyed through specific image. f) antithesis
7) A small piece of narrative
moralistic character. g) allegory 8) A stylistic figure based
on the opposition of concepts, images. h) story.1 point per fact (8 points).
6. Read the poem by A.N. Pleshcheev "Spring". Answer the questions:
1. What figurative - expressive means underlies the poem
(comparison, epithet, personification).
2. Write down the words that underline emotional condition poet,
write what.
The snow is already melting, streams are running,
The window blew in the spring ...
The nightingales will soon whistle,
And the forest will be dressed in foliage!
clear blue sky,
The sun became warmer and brighter,
It's time for evil blizzards and storms
Again a long time passed.
And the heart is still strong in the chest
As if happiness is ahead
And the winter took care
7. Name the paintings based on fairy tales created by Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov?
1 point per fact
8. Here are excerpts from several literary works. What do these passages have in common? What is the name of this element of the composition of fairy tales?Maximum points - 1
1. ... They didn’t become for a long time,
To think, with an honest feast and for a wedding; guests have arrived
The wedding was played; I was there, there I am honey and beer
Drank; flowed down the mustache, but it didn’t get into the mouth. And everything is here.
2 I was there; honey, drinking beer -
9.
Which of the fairy tale or literary characters owns the items listed below? Name the character, work and author.
A) saber and satchel
B) magic beard hairs
C) a barley seed in a flower pot
D) broken trough
D) a talking miraculous mirror
10 ..Find errors in the definition of the literary term fable.
A fable is a genre of lyrical prose, which contains an open denunciation of reality. The genre arose in the 19th century and was reflected in the work of M.Yu. Lermontov and F.I. Tyutchev.
11. Based on these examples, determine the type of trail.
1) "The knight fought like a lion"
2) "Below the thin bylinochka you need to bow your head"
3) "Magnificent carpets, shining in the sun, the snow lies"
4) “Under it a stream is lighter than azure, above it is a golden ray of the sun”
5) "Man with a marigold"
6) "The shadow of sadness has disappeared"
7) "The golden grove dissuaded"
8) "Pale Stars"
9) "A rare bird will fly to the middle of the Dnieper"
10) "Hunger armed them with courage"
11) "Black wind, white snow"
12) "Eyes like the sky, blue"
12. Text analysis.
blue shadows
Silence resumed, frosty and bright. Yesterday's powder lies on the crust, like powder with sparkling sparkles, the crust does not fall through anywhere, and on the field, in the sun, it holds even better than in the shade. Each bush of the old wormwood, burdock, blade of grass, blade of grass, as if in a mirror, looks into this sparkling powder and sees itself as blue and beautiful. (M.M. Prishvin).
1) What is the name of this description?
2) What season did M.M. Prishvin depict? Prove this with examples from the text.
3) What expressive means artistic speech writer uses
in this description?
1 point per fact
13. Find and correct the semantic error in the passage below. Explain the meaning of the found word.
And the sky just lit up
Everything suddenly stirred,
The formation flashed behind the formation.
Our colonel was born a brother:
Servant to the king, father to the soldiers...
Yes, sorry for him; smitten with damask
He sleeps in the damp earth.
M.Yu. Lermontov "Borodino"
14. Specify the type of rhyme.
And the blue endless forest
Hiding the other side of heaven
Where, having finished the day's journey,
The sun goes to rest.
15
. Come up with a monologue of Wind, Rain, Old House, Flower Vase, Broken Phone, Burnt Out Light Bulb, Unturned Faucet, Home Computer.
Answers to the Literature Olympiad
6th grade
1. 1-B;
2 -D;
3 -B;
4 - G;
5 - A;
6 - E.
The maximum number of points is 6
2. A - Pushkin A.S.
B - Lermontov M.Yu.
B - Tostoy L.N.
The maximum number of points is 3
3
.
A) no
B) yes
B) yes
D) no
D) yes
The maximum number of points is 5
4 . 1 -g
2 -d
3-a
4-in
5 -i
6 –z
7th
8th
9-d
10 -b
The maximum number of points is 10
5. 1-b
2-in
3-a
4 -d
5-h
6 -g
7-g
8th
The maximum number of points is 8
6. 1. Literary device - personification, a verb that transfers the action of a living being to other objects: Streams run, the forest will dress, winter has carried away)
2. State - a premonition of happiness, joy; anticipation;
And the heart is still strong in the chest
Knocking like it's waiting for something
Maximum score-2
7. "Three Heroes", "Ivan Tsarevich on a Gray Will", "The Frog Princess", "Kashchey the Immortal", "The Sleeping Princess", "Alyonushka", "The Fight of Dobrynya Nikitich with the Seven-Headed Serpent Gorynych", "Flying Carpet", "Vityaz ”, “Bogatyr”, “Knight at the Crossroads”, “Bogatyrsky lope”, “Guslars”, Baba Yaga”, “Princess Nesmeyana”, “After the battle of Igor Svyatoslavovich with the Polovtsy”.
1 point per fact
8 . Fragments from fairy tales. The element of the composition of fairy tales is called the ending.
Maximum points-1
9 . A) a saber and a knapsack - a soldier, a fairy tale by G.-Kh. Andersen "Flint"
B) magic hairs from a beard - old man Hottabych, from fairy tale of the same name Lagina
C) a barley seed in a flower pot - Thumbelina was born from it, a fairy tale by G.-Kh. Andersen "Thumbelina"
D) a broken trough - an old woman, A.S. Pushkin "The Tale of the Goldfish"
E) a wonderful talking mirror - stepmother, A.S. Pushkin "The Tale of the Dead Princess..."
The maximum number of points is 15 points (for the hero, the title of the work and the author, 1 point each)
10. . A fable is a short piece of poetry or prose story moralizing nature, having an allegorical, allegorical meaning.The fable is one of the oldest literary genres. The emergence of the fable as a genre dates back to the 5th century BC, and the slave Aesop (VI-V centuries BC) is considered its creator. A.P. Sumarokov laid the foundations of the national fable tradition in Russian literature ( 1717–1777. The fables of I.A. Krylov became the pinnacle in the development of the genre (
Maximum points - 4
11 1) Comparison. 2) Litota. 3) Metaphor. 4) Epithet. 5) Litota. 6) Metaphor. 7) Personification.
8) Epithet. 9) Hyperbole. 10) Personification. 11) Antithesis. 12) Comparison.
1 point per fact (12 points)
12. Text analysis.
1) Landscape.
2) Winter: "frosty, bright silence", "yesterday's powder"; "Nast", etc.
3) Epithet: "bright silence";
comparison: "powder, like powder with sparkling sparkles";
the personification "the bush looks and sees", etc.
1 point per fact
13. Our colonel was born with a grip.
HVAT - a dexterous, quick person, full of daring.
Maximum score-2
14 Rhyme - steam room
Maximum points-1
15.
When evaluating creative work, the following is taken into account:
depth and independence in the disclosure of the topic: understanding the problem stated in the topic of the work, explaining its meaning, arguing one's position; independence of judgment; knowledge of the history and theory of literature and the ability to apply them when creating a text; the absence of actual shortcomings that distort the meaning of the text (0–2 points);
compositional harmony, consistency, sequence of presentation: logical connection of the parts of the work, consistent and logical proof of the main idea of the work, harmony of the composition of the essay (0–2 points);
justified imagery of the language and originality of style: possession of a variety of vocabulary and syntactic constructions; compliance of vocabulary and syntax with the chosen genre and style of presentation; brightness, imagery of language and aesthetic taste of the author; justified originality of the author's approach to the disclosure of the topic (0–2 points);
aesthetic taste, compliance of the content and linguistic means with the genre of the composition: the construction of the statement in the unity of form and content according to the laws of a certain genre, the correspondence of the structure of the text to scientific, artistic or journalistic style; personal attitude to the problem and speech design corresponding to the plan, emotionality of style without excessive pathos, stylistic unity and homogeneity (0-2 points);
compliance with speech norms: a clear and precise expression of thoughts, the presence in the work of no more than 1–2 speech defects (0–2 points).
creative work is valued at 10 points. Spelling and punctuation literacy is taken into account, but not evaluated, the amount of work is not regulated.
The maximum number of points is 10
Vasily Lvovich Pushkin
Poems
Reproduced from the publication: Poets of the 1790-1810s. L.: Owls. writer, 1971. (Library of the poet; Large series). Electronic publication - RVB, 2007. Curriculum vitae To the lyre Letter to I. I. D. Evening To the favorites of the muses. Imitation of Horace To V. A. Zhukovsky ("Tell me, dear friend...") To D. V. Dashkov ("What do I hear, Dashkov? ..") To P. N. Priklonsky To the inhabitants of Nizhny Novgorod To D. V. Dashkov ("My dear friend, in the country...") To Prince P. A. Vyazemsky I love and dislike K*** Inscription to the portrait of V. A. Zhukovsky To the new trendsetters of taste Impromptu farewell to friends A. I. and S. I. T Impromptu on the departure of N. M. Karamzin to foreign lands To A. S. Pushkin To V. A. Zhukovsky ("Comrade-friend! Do you remember that I ...") A. S. PushkinCurriculum vitae
Vasily Lvovich Pushkin was born in Moscow on April 27, 1770 in the family of a wealthy landowner. Having received a thorough home french upbringing, he went out into the world from the age of eighteen, composed French couplets and epigrams, participated in amateur performances, and was known as a witty interlocutor. After serving for several years in the Izmailovsky regiment in St. Petersburg, V. L. Pushkin retired in 1799 with the rank of lieutenant and settled in Moscow, marrying K. M. Vysheslavtseva, with whom, however, already in 1802 he began divorce proceedings, which ended in 1806, the dissolution of this unsuccessful marriage and the imposition of church penance on Vasily Lvovich. The first printed poem by V. L. Pushkin appeared (without the name of the author) in the journal of I. A. Krylov and A. I. Klushin "St. Petersburg Mercury" in 1793 - it was the message "K Kaminu", which attracted the attention of contemporaries. Acquaintance with I. I. Dmitriev dramatically changed the character literary creativity Pushkin. He paid due tribute to "tenderness", song, anacreontics, and all his life he considered Dmitriev his teacher and friend, deeply revering him on a par with Karamzin. In 1803-1804, V. L. Pushkin traveled abroad. While in Paris, he met Delisle and other then famous French poets, and took recitation lessons from the famous actor Talma. Four Russian translations translated by V. L. Pushkin appeared in the Parisian magazine "Mercure de France" folk songs, taken by him, obviously, from the "Pocket Songbook" by I. I. Dmitriev. Pushkin brought back from his travels not only a fashionable tailcoat and an ultra-fashionable hairstyle, which was noted by many contemporaries, but also an excellently selected, most valuable library of Latin, French and English writers. Returning to Moscow in 1804, V. L. Pushkin continued his literary activity, but until 1810 his work deserves the definition of a "sluggish muse" (See K. N. Batyushkov's letter to N. I. Gnedich dated May 9, 1811 .-- K. N. Batyushkov, Soch., St. Petersburg .. 1885 - 1886, vol. 3, p. 198.) - in five years he wrote only about 20 poems, including impromptu and epigrams. During these years, V. L. Pushkin’s friendly ties with I. I. Dmitriev, V. A. Zhukovsky, and K. N. Batyushkov grew stronger. Personal friendship connected Pushkin with P. I. Shalikov, in whose journals he collaborated to the best of his ability. At the same time, he also communicated with D. I. Khvostov, who dedicated poems to him. In 1810, V. L. Pushkin was admitted to Masonic Lodge"Connected Friends". (See: "Letters of N. M. Karamzin to I. I. Dmitriev", St. Petersburg, 1866, p. 136.) ”,“ To Dashkov ”and the satirical poem“ Dangerous Neighbor ”. All these works were connected with the struggle of the Karamzinists with the supporters of A. S. Shishkov. V. L. Pushkin, with a few witty verses ridiculing Shishkov and Shakhovsky, gained greater literary popularity than with all his fables and elegies. The poems of V. L. Pushkin, and especially the unpublished "Dangerous Neighbor", received, as the letters of his contemporaries show, a wide response, and we can say that V. L. Pushkin becomes almost in the first row of Russian writers of the 1810s. In 1812, Pushkin literally fled from burning Moscow penniless and without warm clothes to Nizhny Novgorod. The house, all things and the precious library perished in Moscow. However, by nature, V. L. Pushkin could not indulge in despondency for a long time - in Nizhny Novgorod, although he, by his own admission, "lived in a hut" (Letter to Vyazemsky dated December 14, 1812 - V. L. Pushkin, Soch., 1893, St. Petersburg, pp. 149.) Literary problems worried him much more than everyday ones. After the end of the war, Pushkin returned to Moscow. The years 1814-1815 passed for V. L. Pushkin and his friends in gathering strength to repel the shishkovists-"conversators". From many sources it is known with what ceremonies, turning even into ridicule, VL Pushkin was admitted to Arzamas, then expelled from it, and then reinstated. (See: P. A. Vyazemsky, Poln. sobr. soch., St. Petersburg, 1878--1896, v. 8, p. 416; F. F. Vigel, Notes, part 5, M., 1892, 41. M. A. Dmitriev, Little things from the reserve of my memory, ed. 2, M., 1869, p. 88.) The Message to the Arzamas (N 272) was almost the last of best poems V. L. Pushkin. With the termination of Arzamas, he fell silent again, suffered greatly from gout, but continued to attend meetings of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature, literary dinners, new performances, tried to intervene in the literary controversy of 1823 and wrote an epigram on Kuchelbecker, but he no longer had the strength for a literary war It was. However, even from his illness, Pushkin managed to make a subject for light, half-joking poetry - there is neither despondency, nor melancholy, nor doom in his poems, which were so fashionable in the 1810s and 1820s. The gloomy Byronic motifs in Russian poetry of the mid-twenties are unacceptable to V. L. Pushkin, although he tries to understand them. Hence the hostile attitude towards everything that he will call "romanticism": mystery, vagueness and affectation of feelings - that is, everything opposite to the clarity and sincerity of poetic exposition, which he found in Voltaire, Racine, Molière, Parny and Gresse, Marot and Petrarch. , not to mention Horace - the ever-present idol of V. L. Pushkin. The last significant works of V. L. Pushkin - his unfinished poem "Captain Brave" and two letters to A. S. Pushkin, as well as prosaic "Remarks on People and Society" - are imbued with polemics with "fashionable romanticism" and asserting themselves in this plan "classic". V. L. Pushkin played a certain role in the life of the young A. S. Pushkin. (See about this: N. K Piksanov, Uncle and nephew, - A. S. Pushkin, Collected works, vol. 5, St. Petersburg, 1911, pp. I-XVII.) In the works of A. S. Pushkin, his letters and friendly cartoons contain many references, allusions and quotations from the poems of V. L. Pushkin, which indicates the perception and assimilation of the work of his uncle by a brilliant nephew. V. L. Pushkin died on August 20, 1830. A. S. Pushkin and P. A. Vyazemsky were his last interlocutors, with whom he, already dying, wanted to talk about the same literature - Katenin's articles. "That's what it means to die an honest warrior on the shield le cri de guerre a la bouche!" (With a battle cry on his lips! (French) - Ed.) - this is how A. S. Pushkin described the death of his uncle in a letter to P. A. Pletnev dated September 9, 1830. (Pushkin, Poln. sobr. soch., v. 10, 1958, p. 306.)The main editions of the works of V. L. Pushkin:
Poems, St. Petersburg, 1822. Works, ed. V. I. Saitova, St. Petersburg, 1893. "Poets-satirists of the late 18th - early 19th centuries", "Poet's Library" (B. S.), 1959, p. 261. 259. TO THE FIREPLACE Honni soit qui mal y pense! 1 My dear Fireplace, dear comrade, How happy, cheerful I am, sitting in front of you! I forget the world's vanity and pride, When, my dear friend, I reason with you; What I keep in my heart, I know that alone; I have no need that I am not a noble lord; I don't need that I don't go to balls And I don't know how to say bon-mo at the expense of others; Beau-monda 3 rules I do not respect for the law, And Boston is known to me only by name. I'm not looking for dinner, I don't know, but I'm free; Oh, my dear Fireplace, how contented I live. Whether I'm reading, or warming myself, or writing, I breathe freedom, silence, calmness. Let Stupid Motov squander all his estate And dress tall fools into hussars; What a need for me that he is a depraved spendthrift! Brainless let arrogant. But what is he? Stupid cattle, Who, despising their natural language, Honoring bliss in satin dressing gowns, Like a doll dressing up, admiring themselves, I am a prisoner to catch hearts with a French head. He, having bought busts and two tea sets, Wants to play the part of the Parisian marquis; And Mr. Marquis, since he has not forgotten, Six months ago he served here as a sergeant-major. Let him fool around! There is no need for that in the least: There are many fools here, and there will be and there have been. Prygushkin, for example, puts all happiness in the fact that he suddenly became a sign in big houses, That he knows to jump l "ecosaise, to play Boston, he knows, That Adrian cleans it in fashion, That glorious Louis here sews tailcoats on him And what about the countesses spends his days That they all call him his cousin And nobles come to visit him But what am I saying? Is he the only one? And, to prove this more clearly and better, He deigned to tie his purse behind And imagines that he has become a politician and a courtier, And, alas, Trifles is only a court adviser. We run away from common sense and usefulness, We seek bliss where we meet death, to be proud, to crawl, to flatter, to sell everything in the world - That's what we try to spend our time in! And makes wait for those in his antechamber, Whom he may, unfortunately, oppress. Nizkoklonov here with a gray head, With a wrinkled brow, but with a vile soul, Seeing Katenka, he is heartily glad that she gives him a hand to kiss, And, bowing low, does not think about it, That Katenka's father rubs the parquets. Whatever I think of, whatever I look at, Or meanness, or vice, or prejudices I see! Although the poor man is smart, he is contemptible, oppressed, Skotinin is a real stump, but respected by everyone, And, in spite of everything, he conspired against Lisa; He marries her, although she is disliked, But there is no need for him: she is charming in herself, And her mother's stinginess has long been known; Behind him, everyone knows, there are twelve thousand souls, So can he not be an incomparable husband? He is young, they say, and knows little of the world, But he is kind, sensitive, and adores Lisa; She lives happily with him, of course. Unhappy Lizonka, sighing, sheds tears And in her fiancé she finds only a freak. Mind does not give us no noble breed, No pomp, no rank, no stone houses, And millions can not buy the mind! But gold, perhaps, gilds vices, And dear Lisa's mother speaks so accurately. "Wait," cries Plutov, "is it for you to judge, How should we behave and live in the world? You are young, so be silent. I have known morality for a long time: "Believe me, you won't fill your purse with poems, And they won't give you a penny for Kamelka. I don't write nonsense, but my pocket is in good order; Nobody knows you, I'm famous in St. Petersburg. Everyone caresses me: both counts and princes." Plutov, you are familiar to everyone, I do not argue about that, But there is also no doubt in that, That it is rarely possible to find such an idler, That you got all the estate, villages, glorious house By cunning, Plutov, and theft. Enough - I don’t want to write now I’m more, And, not envying anyone’s happy lot, I will try only be honest To honor the laws, to serve the fatherland, To love my friends, to love solitude - This is the direct consolation of my heart! 1 Shame on him who thinks badly of this! (French) -- Ed. 2 Bon mot is a witty expression (French). -- Ed. 3 Beau monde- elite(French). -- Ed. 260. TO THE LYRE It's been a long time on my dear lyre, I haven't played for a long time; The grieving spirit, despondent, has forgotten her. Nature was adorned With a charming spring, The hand did not touch the lyre on the way. Health, priceless gift, I was deprived of you And, weighed down with sadness, I dragged out my life groaning. Everything was rejoicing in the world, Flowers bloomed in the fields, And I did not sing on the lyre of spring beauty. Neither murmuring streams, Dull, did not hear, nor birds fluttering in the bushes, nor saw groves. Saved today by fate From fierce bitter torment, I will sprinkle you with a tear, O lyre, dear friend! Heartily admiration Attracts her from her eyes; Grieving has disappeared, the hour of consolation has come. But ah, spring has vanished! The woods are turning yellow, And the bird has retired to the midday forests; The butterfly no longer curls From flower to flower, And the shepherd boy parted with the sweet Shepherdess; Zephyr blows no more autumn wind makes noise And languidly involuntarily On the lyre orders to sing. But for good and misfortune Gives us fate to endure; When the bad weather passes, It is more pleasant to see the sun. Does the swimmer always lose his life in the sea? Comfort yourself, lyre!.. Soon I will see the spring. 261. LETTER TO I. I. D You are right, my dear friend! All our poets want to become famous with a tearful lyre; All their doves fly to the beauties, All the swallows curl, and all the same inventions; Everyone is whining and roaring, and everyone has the same thought: Suddenly the moon will appear In pale pale purple; Then he alone remained in the world - No dear, no dredge: she is buried Under a gray, mossy stone; Then suddenly, under the branchy oak there, the Owl will cry dejectedly; howl strong wind, the lover will run, And a tear will be born on the strings. Here exclamations darkness and dots will appear. There is no need before. He thinks that he is smart And that he will be born into the world with piit; That he is with Derzhavin, he can equal you; With envy of him and Stern, our fingers are gnawing. Oh, poor crybabies! I pity their fate! They don't know at all that where the eagles soar, there at ki don't fly. Not a hooked thought creates wonderful verse, But smoothness, purity of soul and heart feeling: Here are poets in what direct art is! We can be imitated without spoiling the style of others, So Gesner imitated Bion, So you, our dear singer, Following Anacreon, You received a crown from the Graces. So our bard sings a song of praise to Felice, to God; So sweet, gentle Kin Paved the way to the temple of taste; And so, diligent fatherland, faithful son On the sonorous lyre rattling us, Kheraskov sang abuse, imitating Omir. Oh, if I had a glorious gift for these bards And knew how to captivate everyone's hearts like them, Then I would be famous for my lyre everywhere! But I am silent and do not dare to imitate them; I live with friendship and with Temira; For them alone I wish to write. If my dear, reading, will smile, If the gentle friend of the soul will praise my song When I sing my flame and friendship, Then my heart will beat with joy, Then I am satisfied and blessed: If I am dear to Temir, then I am generously rewarded. 262. EVENING No more strength to endure! Wherever you go: disputes, And gossip, and deceit, and stupidity, and contention! Yesterday, I don't know how, I ended up in a house alone; I cursed my life. What lies sodom! The owner only talks about music; The hostess boasts that her daughter dances gloriously; And the daughter, having tied a belt under her neck, Shouts that she rode in a fashionable stroller - a count. The Count enters. Everyone accepts it with enthusiasm. How sweet he is, how rich, how distinguished, they repeat. The hostess whispers in my ear at the same hour: "He is in love with Grushenka: he is with us every day." But the count, not thinking about Grushenka in any way, says Vetranya, shaking her hand: "What a bore here! What an unbearable house! I am familiar with these people, I'm afraid, I know you; I want to be with you, I want to see you. For you, I I endure everything and forgive stupidity." Vetrana is happy that the count is subdued to her. Suddenly the door opens and Stukodey enters. An unbearable speaker. He already knows about everything: He marries, the other leaves his wife; He lost everything, he was deep in debt. Then he began to judge, unfortunately, about poetry. In his opinion, Nadutov captivates everyone, And Dmitrev ... Karamzin composes trinkets; Derzhavin, for example, would write pretty well, But also, except for odes, he does not suite praises. The tragedians have disappeared, the glory of Ross has disappeared! And finally he began to repeat to us the role of Sinav; He distorted, shouted - everyone admired him; Only one old man, laughing with me at him: “I am ignorant,” he said to me, “I always forgive; I am silent and listen, but I do not enter into an argument with him; On the contrary, he often seems funny: He lies and thinks that his nonsense "Law. What nourishes our minds, what delights our hearts. An ignoramus calls an empty trinket. There is no need! Believe me: an absurd blasphemy is a crown for a writer, praise for a poet." I rested. Alas, not long to be at peace! The hostess came over. "Now there are only three of us; Can't you be the fourth with us And sit down to play Boston. You can't live without cards. Whoever doesn't occupy himself with them in society, He is educated badly and is boring to everyone." So, we are for Boston. And there the orchestra makes noise; Gut Count coo, and Stukodey shouts; The serpent scolds everyone, scolds at the game. I play and tremble and wait for trouble with me. The mistress dear does not remember anything. "Where is Grushenka? Where is the count? I don't see him!" Our Boston is over, and the hall is already dancing. Like Grushenka, like a count, they waltz beautifully! The hostess hugs us with joy. The serpent repeats to her: "Well, uterus, in good hour! Count, right, well done: the end is sooner! Rely on God and beat your hands boldly; He is noble and good, and with the best sign; Your hubby will agree with you on that." Vetrana hears something, laughs and turns around. To my misfortune, then she comes to me, Belize sits down, fat, a storyteller, a seamstress. ! The master spends all the time with a flute, The wife is stupid and bores everyone, And in Grushenka, believe me, there will be no way forever. But it's not about you smart man; You visit Skopidomov every day; You know all his leprosy and everything about him: Is it not true that he finds an enemy in his wife And that she put horns on him? Nakhalov is often with her in the theater and in the military; Yesterday he danced two Polish with her at the ball, And then he put her in a carriage; The unfortunate hoarder bought himself trouble; God gave him a wonderful wife! Yes, that's enough, the fool himself is guilty of all the pranks. He is not the only one: they have no account in Moscow! Buyanov is not stupid, but he took it into his head at forty To marry and be smart, and thereby glorify himself, To leave his little wife to others at once; And truly, the fashionable gentleman managed to do this: With a French lady, the lady left for Berlin. "I listened and was silent. Words flowed like a river; I could only answer her with my head. I wanted to leave, I left. What came of it? I marvel at the strength of my patience I got into a conversation worthy of respect: There was a great noise, there were different opinions; However, from everything I could understand the dispute, Something was produced by cutlets and a pie; "But, by the way, the table is ready; everyone rushed there, Calmly thought there was - and then I'm in trouble! The unfortunate me and Vralev were sent to jail And they were rewarded with a truly dear neighbor! Without delay, he began to create questions for me: Who am I? What am I?" Where can I live?” Then, talking about young and old: “No, life is bad these days,” he repeated, sighing. “Everything has become intricate, there is no good in anything; So I’ll tell you about my son: Already a small one at twenty years old, and only reads books "He doesn’t look for ranks, doesn’t want happiness; I married Rubinov’s daughter for him; My dear son doesn’t even want that: On money, father "I won't get married, but I'll take a wife when I fall in love with her. I don't know what to do with him - and I feel that he will be a poor man, and nothing more. That's what the accursed sciences have produced! No need gold, put Jean-Jacques in your hands! Yes, that's enough, the old are not better than the young; You won't find much difference in them now. Often even an old man doesn't know what he's doing: He blasphemes the young and indulges them. Prince Milov at fifty and For more than a year now He's been saying so now that the whole world marvels, He, being rich and having one daughter, Raising her as he should, without sparing, Finally decided to ruin the poor thing: Deign to marry a major to her! And what does he say to himself in excuse - You will die of laughter - that's all his desire: "My son-in-law is kind to me, and modest, and smart; He is not blinded by the light of emptiness; He will never forget my advice; AT old age I will rest. He is not noble, he is poor - I am rich for him; D the honesty of nobility is a hundred times more dear to me! "Mouth, my hearty friend, as they argue now! And some call them wise men!" My neighbor here fell silent; as a consolation, I told him that the rare ones will follow it; That we, of course, have few princes of Milov; That the desire to save gold has not disappeared; What we love to receive ranks and ribbons, We do not like to get only their merit; That also here not all hunters to reading; That rare among us desire enlightenment; Not every knowledge pays honor due And often a lie, a fool is reputed to be a wise man; We do not decorate virtues with laurels; Dancers are loved here - scientists are despised. Then dinner was over - and I went home at once. Oh my hut, you are a hundred times more pleasant All fashionable dinners, concerts of all and balls, Where we often see madmen and impudent ones! There are evil ridicule in you, there is no slander in you: Peace and quiet lives in you; In you and my mind, and the spirit is always free. Fashionable light is not capable of giving me joy, And for that now I say goodbye to it forever: I will not find Fortune with my heart in it. 1 Gossip girl, commere. 263. TO THE FAVORITES OF THE MUSES 1 Imitation of Horace The peaks turn white from the snows of the gloomy mountains; Everywhere is fog and darkness, the rivers are covered with ice; Sad groves and valleys; Where is the golden cup? We will sit before the fire. As he wants, let Zeus rule the universe! He rivers and created. Everything is subject to him; He plays with thunder, lightning; Obedient to the storm, the whirlwind to Zeus alone. The favorite of the Muses is happy in all the changes of the year: He uses what he sees before him. Friends, for us nature And in its horrors shines with beauty! Where are the lyres? Let's sing. Phoebus connects us; Virgil of the Russian countries with his presence To the sciences gives birth to heat. Who lives with the muses, joy forever with him! The graces have long decorated you with wreaths, you should sing, friends! And Dmitrev, Karamzin With beautiful verses They captivate, teach us, but I am silent alone! No no! And I want, like you, to rattle the lyre: I fly to glory, your spirit burns in me, And I will be known in the world! Oh joy, oh delight! And I... and I pee! 1 This piece was read at a private society of lovers of literature, in the house of the late Mikhail Matveyevich Kheraskov. 264. TO V. A. ZHUKOVSKY Licuit semperque licebit Signatum praesente nota producere nomen. Ut silvae foliis pro nos mutantur in annos, Prima cadunt; ita verborum vetus interit aetas, Et juvenum ritu florent modo nata vigentque. Horat. Ars poetica 1 Tell me, dear friend, what is the profit in that, That I often work all day long on a verse? That I read Condillac and Dumarset, That I study logic and wish to be clear? What glory do I have for hard work? Only every hour I wait for trouble; Poeters here stubbornly crowd. I place neither semo nor ovamo anywhere; I confess that I love to read Karamzin And I try to imitate Dmitriev in style. Whoever thinks correctly, who thinks nobly, He speaks pleasantly and freely. Slavic words do not give talent, And they do not lead a poet to Parnassus. Who did not study Russian literacy, as he should, In vain did he set off to write tragedies; The poem is loud, in which there is no plan, Not a hymn, but only delirium. Here is my opinion! I am not mistaken in it And I refer to Horace and Depreo: They will be a solid shield against my enemies; Reason tells them to follow their examples. Phoebus gives us talent, but taste gives us learning. What enlightens the mind? nourishes the soul? -- reading. Of what Pascal and Bossuet assure us, That is not in the Synopsis, in the Book of Powers. I love the Fatherland, I know the Russian language, But I do not equate Tredyakovsky with Racine; And the Pindar of our countries did not write in that style How Bayan sang heroes in his age. I'm right, and you agree with me, of course; But telling the truth to madmen is labor in vain. I see the entire cathedral of illiterate Slavs, Who here trampled down the taste for gracefulness, Now roaring terribly against me, Our Baldus cries out loudly to the squad: "O my brethren, I call you for help! Let's strike at him, and I will be the first. Who will we He advises to study grammar, He will plunge into pitch darkness, into Gehenna; And if anyone dares to praise Karamzin, Our duty, O people, is to destroy the villain. Do not be afraid, you say to me, O venerable friend. Do not be afraid, the darkness has disappeared - the blessed age has come to us! Great Peter, then the Great Wife, Whose name the universe is full of, We opened the way to enlightenment, to the sciences, Crowned with laurels and lit up with light. Virgil and Omer, Sophocles and Euripides, Horace, Juvenal, Sallust, Thucydides We have become familiar, and to the eternal glory of the Russians Lomonosov was born in the cold North! The golden Derzhavin thundered on the lyre, He sang the Immortal in immortal verses; Favorite aonid and Phoebus inspired, Presented Darling in an incomparable poem. In taste, the hour of great change has come: Karamzin and Dmitriev - Lafontaine have appeared! This is what all Russians should be proud of today! Praise be to the Great! Praise Catherine! Let Clitus emboss his reviews - Despite the madness, a poet is always a poet. So, dear friend, I boldly enter the battle; In literature, the split, as it should, I condemn. Aristo has a good soul, but he is a bad author, And his books are of no use to us; In each page he praises the ancient syllable And the direct source knows all Russian words - What are the needs? The thick volume, where envy is only visible, Is not Laharp's course, but only destruction. In the Slavic language I myself see the benefit, But I drive the barbaric taste and hate it. In my soul I carry love for the graceful; Creation without ideas excites my blood. A lot of words to solidify are not yet learning, We need not words - we need enlightenment. 1810 1 It has always been and will continue to be allowed to use words sanctified by use. Just as forests change their leaves in the declining years and fall off those that appeared before, so the time of old words passes and newly appeared ones bloom and grow stronger in use. Horace, poetic art(lat.). -- Ed. 265. To D. V. DASHKOV En blamant ses ecrits, ai-je d "un style affreux Distille sur sa vie un venin dangereux? Boileau, sat. 9 1 What do I hear, Dashkov? What blindness! What a fierce militia of madmen! Who tries to devote his life to the sciences, Raskolnikov-Slavs dares to convict, Who writes correctly and not in Varangian style - He does not love Russians and is guilty before God! if my faith suffers because I sometimes read two scenes from Voltaire? Of course, I can be a Christian, although French books in the fireplace and do not burn. In prejudices there is no holiness in the least: They deaden our mind and barbarism is the beginning. It is not a sin to be a scientist, but it is a sin to walk in darkness. Can the ignoramus love the fatherland? It is not the one who feeds zeal for his native country, Who praises everything that is his own, despises someone else's, Who sheds tears that we are not in beards, And, poor in thoughts, cares about words! But he who, following a laudable suggestion, Honors talents, strives for enlightenment; Who, compatriot a and loving, desires their glory; Who is alien to envy and evil prejudices! The brave Kvirites possessed half the world, But the Greeks taught them how to live. The proud sciences passed to Rome from Athens, And the glorious Cicero, a citizen orator, Fighting Verres, interceding for Moray, Was indebted to Demosthenes for eloquence. Virgil was taught poetry by Homer; The age of August is an example for the coming times! So the son of the fatherland is proud of the sciences, He is ashamed to drown in the darkness of ignorance, He does not preach any splits And in the old days he does not see good days for us. I give praise to the happiest fate, O my dear friend, that I was born today! Freely I can think and breathe, And even abie and even if not write. Virgil and Homer are talking to me; I go everywhere with an exalted head; My mind is enlightened, and the banks of the Seine I sang my dear fatherland in verse. Not streets alone, not squares and houses - Saint-Pierre, Delisle, Fountain were familiar to me there! They are witnesses that I was in a foreign land Proud to be Russian and Russian was direct. Not a rude Ostyak, worthy of regret, - I appeared before them as a lover of learning; They saw that with early days I did not look for my Knowledge in names alone; That with admiration I read Thucydides, Tacitus, Pliny - and, I confess, Candida. But piety does not harm learning. For God, faith, honor my heart speaks. I remember my parents' instructions: The son of the church must also be a friend of enlightenment! The saving law has been sent down to us from heaven, To be a support in the midst of happiness and tears. He is good and love. Away with slander and malice! The atheist and the hypocrite are equally vicious. I do not see guilt in such judgments: Why are we condemned to the stake with you? For the fact that we, loving literature and science, Not a century over the primer repeated "az" and "beeches". For the fact that we dare to praise the doctrine And find errors in the barbaric style. For the fact that you and I understand La Harpe, We do not live in a schism, but we know Slavonic. What to do? Here is our sin. I'm ready to repent. For example, I keep saying that the Old-timer is boring, That his long, dry teachings are Morpheus's good gift for mortals to sleep; And if my turn came to read nonsense, Is it really a problem to fall asleep over a book? I confess that in other speeches I do not see a plan, That I do not write volumes on the ancient Boyan; That I do not drive the Muses and Phoebus from Parnassus, I scold bad writers, and not people. We do not honor the invasion of the Tatars with an age of glory; We are telling the truth, and therefore we are wrong. 1811 1 In condemning his writings, did I pour out dangerous poison in terrible terms on his life? Boileau. sat 9 (French). -- Ed. 267. TO PN PRIKLONSKY A kind relative, poet and chamberlain, Perhaps at your leisure Worry about a friend! You know my manners: I'm a bad master, forever on the road, Now I live in St. Petersburg, now in the Lower Country, And soon I will live, of course; Sometimes it comes terribly to me! But that's not the point. My shoemaker, the rake, The gambler, the drunkard, was sent to the hospital, And so what? From the doctor, he sharpened his skis! In the Tver province, he was caught in the middle of the forest In the month of June, he was immediately taken into custody, And soon he was appointed recruit on business. I am very glad That he is a soldier: He is young, strong, mature, And the strict captain will correct him in an instant, But I must take a receipt for him. The shoemaker's name is Kuzma, his father was Frol, nicknamed Karpushov. So, without further ado, I'll say that young hero I want laurels, receipts for myself. In my village, thanks to fate, Although the peasants drink, they work, plow; Let them sing and dance with joy, Having learned that they sent a fugitive to the soldiers And that a poor father had a son. Answer me quickly, either in prose or in verse. But be healthy and remember me! Having become friends in your charming youth, In whatever country you are, Believe that my thought strives for you! And if I go to St. Petersburg during the summer, I'll stay two or three days at my friend's in Tver. I will sit down with a golden lyre On the steep banks of the Volga, And there with a fiery soul I will sing Bliss to the inhabitants of Tver. 268. TO THE RESIDENTS OF NIZHNIY NOVGOROD Take us under your protection, Pets of the Volga shores! Accept us, we are all relatives! We are the children of mother Moscow! Fun, happiness, golden days, Like a fast whirlwind, you rushed by! Take us under your protection, Pets of the Volga shores! Child, our brethren's blood is smoking, And the earth is groaning with horror! And the insidious enemy is having fun On the towers of the ancient Kremlin! Take us under your protection, Pets of the Volga shores! Holy temples have been defiled, Treasures have been plundered! Dwellings turned to ashes! We are forced to wander! Take us under your protection, Pets of the Volga shores! How long has it been shining with glory? Were you proud of your beauty? How tender mother, she fed us all! Moscow, what happened to you? Take us under your protection, Pets of the Volga shores! Do you pay shameful tribute? To groan under the yoke of a stranger? Avenge us, god of strong battle! Don't let him triumph! Take us under your protection, Pets of the Volga shores! He will die! Moscow will rise! She is glorious in adversity; He will die. The God of the Russians will strike! Russia will be saved. Take us under your protection, Pets of the Volga shores! 1812 269. TO DV DASHKOV My dear friend, in the country Where the Volga flows on a par With the banks And, united with the Oka, Enriches All Russia With fish and flour, I now crawl. Fate so pleases, what to do? I am silent. I live not as I want, As God commands - and full! I frolicked enough, Played with cupids And gave suppers, And I sang graceful graces, Known in Petropolis, I sang on the lyre; A dashing four, A road carriage And I flaunted everything! Sofas and parquets, And bronzes, and kenkets, Like others, I had; I knew how to squander! Now, in front of the whole world, I can also say, That I live as a poet: A ruble bed, Two chairs, an oak table, An inkwell, a pen - That's all my goodness! Another ace of diamonds Treasures carries, And the mind, and everything gives; I don't play cards, I only dirty paper; The trouble is, right, no! Let our young poet, Famous writer, My Aristarchus, the persecutor, Read my poems, Introduce them into satire - And immediately by the full clergy of the most learned scribes, Poems and odes of the creators, He will be Kantemir Sung, proclaimed And promoted to the rank of an employee of the squad: For an important reasons And such honors And to prevaricate Forgivably, of course. I sincerely wish that the new Juvenal. He filled satires Not with only one scolding, But with taste, sharpness; So that he knows the world better! Enrich the magazine So that he is not in a hurry, But he would read more And study more! Enough; I have no desire to scold the Zoilov! Works, worries came: My friend, I'm going to live In that secluded land, Batu where in the old days, Cruel, daring, Conducted a war with the Russians. Tell me, how long ago now, Not knowing the measures of pride And greed, Nature's scourge, the villain Came with a sword to the capital, Mother of Russian cities? But God stretched out his right hand, Risen... and there are no enemies! Fatherland savior, Prince of Smolensk, hero There was an angel-fighter, Sent down by fate! Bard of the North, sing Praise to wonderful deeds! But ah! a sound sleep The leader of the brave Russian forces Reposed on his laurels. Believe me that I'm in the desert I want, hiding now, Only to live for friendship! Cupid I serve Renounced involuntarily: Is it in my boring lot And at the end of days Chasing a dream? You know, only in spring the nightingale loves to sing! So far, I have decorated Charmings with flowers; Everything ends, with tears "Forgive me, love," he said, "Charm of the heart, Joy, hope of the young Tibulls." Zhukovsky, a friend of Svetlana, Crowned with Charites, And the intricate singer of his lares sing a hymn to Cupid, And their winged god Has found shelter; And I, forgotten in the world, Now sing on the lyre The bliss of former days, And I live and console myself with your friendship! I cling to hope, I'm waiting for better weather. Trouble does not give birth to all trouble, and after grief Fun flies to us! Not at jelly to the singers In the waves of the ferocious sea All perish and the shores Do not see the prosperous? Is it really the power of the gods Only boring vicissitudes Tells me to be a victim, To languish, to shed tears? My dear friend, of course, Misfortune is not forever, See you! Behind the circular cup, Striking a hand with a hand, We will forget sadness, boredom And we will rejoice; Should not lose heart, Here is my useful advice: Patience, my dear. 270. TO PRINCE P. A. VYAZEMSKY Quand je pense au degout que les poetes ont a essuyer, je m "etonne qu" il y en ait d "assez hardis pour braver l" ignorance de la multitude, et la censure dangereuse des demi-savants qui corrompent quelquefois le jugement du public. Le Sage 1 How difficult, Vyazemsky, in our deplorable world All people like it, please their taste! Venerable Karamzin on a sweet-sounding lyre In the most beautiful verses he sang holy army, the fall of the enemy, the king glory to Russia , Heroes feats and joy of all hearts. What kind of crown did the favorite of the Muses get? He, following the charter of taste and reason, poured out all the feelings of the soul in delight, As a friend of the fatherland and as a poet wrote, - But how many, tell me, know how to appreciate talent? Oh, woe, woe to us from imaginary experts! The court of the mind is a collection of eccentrics, And in idleness hearts grow cold towards the elegant. How long ago, marching after Cornelia, The sensitive poet, the pet of Melpomene, the Creator of Demetrius, Fingal, Polyxena, shone in the North? .. And Ozerov is gone! He became a victim of envious ignoramuses; In solitude, groaning, half-dead, He forgot his successes and his lyre! O fierce envy, daughter of hell, crocodile, You punish dignity in a frenzy, You feed on others with tears, grief, You see your servants in madmen And, enemy of enlightenment, humiliate talents! And I sang on the lyre, and I loved poetry, In conversation with the muses I found bliss, I tried to enrich my mind with learning, And, to blame, sometimes in my messages I laughed at ignorance and stupidity; I did not reach my goal; Liars do not stop slandering talents, Printing their absurd allegories And reading in public, against the mind, A bunch of laudatory odes, good for nothing! So, I became lazy and idle involuntarily; I will not find enemies in my unknown share. Let absurd verses flow there like a river, There is no need - peace is most dear to me. But, turning from learning to fun, How long ago, admiring the glory of Russia, Triumphed here the world desired by all? And here we did not keep the critics, my friend; At the brilliance of the festival, at the sound of loud lyres, Zoila condemned our feat and zeal: Art, splendor, taste and charms of the cathedral - Everything became the fault of their disputes and reproach! You will not please the minds covered with darkness, And, really, it is not a sin to laugh at rumors! Some new Croesus, having painted his own portrait, Invites gluttonous friends to dinner: From time immemorial, the rich have never been denied anything. Friends gather - the owner expects That they will praise the glorious artist, Known for a long time by art, talent; But the congregation of flatterers cries out indignantly, And as if thinking that they will please Croesus, That there is no resemblance in his slightest image, No liveliness in his face, smile, nobility. Obedient Apelles takes the portrait home. A month later, our Lucullus gives another dinner; Friends are back in court. The butler announces that the master sends the right courier and asks to wait. Everyone sits down in a circle; Talk about peace, about war; After dividing Europe, politicians then Cast their glances at the work of the artist, “A portrait,” everyone decided, “is worth nothing: A straight freak, Aesop, a long nose, a forehead with horns! And it is the duty of the owner to set fire to it!" - "My duty is not to respect such connoisseurs (Oh miracle! The picture says to them in response): Before you, gentlemen, I myself, and not a portrait!" Here are our critics, my friend, the image! Let's leave them stubbornness, blindness. Believe me, we are happy, knowing how to appreciate the gift, Knowing how to feel and speak with our hearts! With you, we will decorate the path of life with flowers: Zhukovsky, Batyushkov, Kokoshkin and Dashko? with us And sharply laugh with satire on fools; Champagne will pour into a glass of foamy, And loud Hurrah fun will spread. 1 When I think of the insults that poets have to endure, I am surprised that among them there are those who are brave enough to despise the ignorance of the crowd and the dangerous censorship of semi-learned people who sometimes distort the judgment of the public. Lesage (French). -- Ed. 271. LIKE AND NOT LOVE I love a lot, of course, I love to joke with my friends, I love to love them heartily, I love to drink champagne, I love to read my messages, I love to listen to others, I love merry gatherings, I love young beauties. I don’t like daring over my neighbor I don’t like to praise, I don’t like to praise the Slavophiles, To bow to the nobles. I don't like treacherous people And I don't like proud fools, High-flown words of praise And flat, stingy verses. I like to dress in fashion And to be in pleasant societies. I love to seem amiable, Racine repeat by heart. I love Derzhavin's creations, I love "The Fashionable Wife", I love consolation for my heart Praise be to Karamzin. I don't like impudent people in meetings, I don't like to suffer from gout, I don't like stupid magazines, I don't like to play cards, And I don't like our Quintillians of imaginary Judgments; I don't like obstinate hearts, I don't like bad actors. I am in my humble hut, Where there is so much grief and worries, Sometimes, inspired by Cupid, I love to sing a graceful round dance; I love to pour out my soul in front of my dear friends And I love to remember my frisky youth with tears in verse. 272. K*** Cujus autem aures veritati clausae, ut ab amico verum audire nequeant, hujus salus desperanda est. Cicero 1 I am a sinner. It can be seen that the wagon is not Parnassus for me; But your voice that punishes you is strict, unfair, And poor verses, the fruit of a joke and a road, In my opinion, were not worth the trouble. There is no prosody in them, no taste - it's to blame! But you are a hundred times more guilty before me. Analysis, believe me, so caustic - not a service: I insulted your hearing - you insulted a friend. You will remember that the first, perhaps, I dared to tell the truth to fools; I dared to say with good verses, That the author without ideas, laboring on words, Will always remain ignorant and foolish; I killed the evil Gaspar with one verse, And, not fearing the wrath of the restless Varangians, In delight I praised worthy writers! Ungrateful! You forgot about that, And now, not sparing my gray head, You scoff at me shamelessly; Enough and without you I was persecuted by fate! I don't see much guilt in bad verses; Friends should take care of a friend. I didn't offend you. In my gentle soul, Only capable of fiery love and friendship, The thought did not occur to me to joke with a friend! With regret I will say: what came to love? Here, a sharp word of affection is dearer to all, And friendship is almost like hatred. But God forbid, so that I think for sure, That in our times there are no friends! No, my stormy days at a cloudy sunset I am truly happy, having a friend in my brother! We are similar in hearts; he is definitely different: I share grief with him; he is joy with me. Thank fate! What do I wish for more? Play pranks, joke, laugh at your will. You are all kind to me, even though I am angry with you; Apollo himself orders us to be in agreement. Our direct goal is benefit, enlightenment, Wealth of language and taste, purification; But should we joke about the benefits? Fools do not stop messing around and writing, Fooling Thalia, cursing Melpomene; We laugh secretly - they scream on the stage. No, we will eradicate enemies by obvious war! I am your faithful fellow and ready to act; Their pitiful odes, their amusing dramas, Praises, poems, epigrams, Of course, will not escape my criticism: The ignorant teach love and respect friends. 1816 1 Whose ears are closed to the truth to such an extent that they are unable to hear the words of truth spoken by a friend, for him there is no hope of well-being. Cicero (lat.). -- Ed. 273. INSCRIPTION TO THE PORTRAIT OF VA ZHUKOVSKY He became famous by himself; On the lyre he loves, he sings of heroes; The favorite of the muses combines the most beautiful talent with the most beautiful soul. 274. TO THE NEW LEGISTRATORS OF TASTE Praise be to you, brave singers and poets. In poetry, a new code is now given to us: Horace and the Guys are pygmies, And Pumper Nickel is a giant! 1824 275. IMPROMTE FOR FAREWELL WITH FRIENDS AI AND S. I. T Farewell, dear friends! The gout is parting with you, But I will be with you in my heart, For the time being, we are protected by the gods. The hour is near; maybe, alas, I will not be - be you! 1825 276. Impromptu for NM Karamzin's Departure for Foreign Lands Delphic god, you have given the crown to the Historian, philosopher, poet! Oh, be its leader! Let, wandering around the world, He return healthy for the glory of the Russians! May 1826 278. TO A. S. PUSHKIN Poet-nephew, rightly I am called a classic by you! Everything that is smart, eloquent, Everything that is written with soul, I like it, it captivates me. Your poems, believe me, your uncle reads with lively delight. You are a favorite of your son's latons, He gave you taste; Charmer and lucky man, You filled our hearts with Your excellent talent. All thoughts are capable of expressing. "Ruslan", "Prisoner of the Caucasus" yours, "Fountain", "Gypsies" and "Eugene" Beautiful are full of inspiration! They are always in front of me, And not for empty criticism. I do them for pleasure. Tacitus of our creation Another journalist reads To denigrate glory with blasphemy. Zoil is worthy of pity; He forgot that a stormy wave is not harmful to Granite. 279. TO V. A. ZHUKOVSKY Comrade friend! Do you remember that I still live in this world? That we were friends with you in the old days, That I used to sing on a modest lyre, I used to sing your graceful talent? It happened, often, while talking with you, I read your ballads and messages: Pleasant, alas, for the heart of remembrance! Now I have no one to transfer my soul to: With you, Vm, I am separated from everyone; I am destined to languish, grieve And drag out days in suffering and boredom. Where is bv? Where is Dv? Having devoted their lives to duty, They care, work; But even in their labors, it may turn out that they often come to the idea that their old friend is alive. I am alive to love you, to remember every hour that I still have you; Thanks to fate, I do not grow cold in feelings. I pray that heaven unites us. January 9, 1830 280. TO A. S. PUSHKIN Nephew and poet! Let your uncle talk to you in verse in old age. Although I sometimes condemn fashionable romanticism, I love and respect true talent. Your message there is an example to the nobleman, That you have not forgotten the intricate Voltaire. You have wit and taste for it And you know how to please the reader in everything. Let him rage, Moscow Labomel grumbles: Do not leave your lovely flute! Empty criticism will not detract from merit; Zhukovsky, Dmitriev you are both honored and praised; Krylov and Vyazemsky are among your friends; Write and console them with your muse, Punish fools without saying a word, Print Godunov to spite them as soon as possible. Your creations are a heavy scourge for them, Our Muscovite will never be Niebuhr, And the author of the tale of clumsy work Can't seem to ask for Walter Scotts. It is enough that the journalist is dry In the magazine, he honors himself as the head of the romantics. But full! What do you care about the Parnassian pygmies, Their absurd scolding, chicanery and undertakings! The lucky one has no time to laugh even to them. Thanks to fate, you love and are loved. Crowned with roses, you grace with your hand, Forgot the universe, clinging to it with your soul. lovely gaze It gives life to you And lasting happiness, and promises joy. Bless, but in the hours of freedom, inspiration Talk to the muses, write poems, Russian literature, enrich the language And forever unite laurels with myrtle. July 1830 259. "St. Petersburg Mercury", 1793, part 4, p. 109, signature: - НЪ. Faulty list - GPB, under head. "Fireplace (Satire)", with an erroneous signature in an unknown hand: "Dmitriev". Under the name of I. I. Dmitriev, it was published in the book: N. Karamzin, I. Dmitriev, Selected Poems, "Poet's Library" (B. S.), 1952, p. 456; I. I. Dmitriev, Poln. coll. cit., "The Poet's Library" (B. S.), 1967, p. 392. The authorship of V. L. Pushkin is indicated by M. N. Makarov in Pushkin's obituary (J, 1830, N 37, p. 168) and in the memoirs of S. N. Glinka (PB, 1863, N 4, p. 794). This is the first printed poem by V. L. Pushkin known to us. The publisher of the journal A. I. Klushin accompanied him with the following note: “The author of this message is a young man with excellent information. Being as modest as he is enlightened, he does not write out of vanity. His fireplace touches the sensitive heart of the reader. I would be sorry with all lovers of Russian literature if the writer finished his poems with Fireplace. 260. PiP, 1794, part 3, p. 207, signed: Vsl. Pshkn. Pech. according to the SRS, part 2, p. 177. In PiP - with the following note from the publisher: "It seems that there is no need to make the reader attentive to this ode. Who will not be touched by a languid feeling awakening again to life after a long and serious illness! The clouds disperse, and the ray shines. We wish the writer long enjoyed the precious gift of health!" 261. "Aonides", 1796, book. 1, p. 92. We do not know the specific poem by Dmitriev, the answer to which this message of Pushkin could be considered. The appeal "You are right, my dear friend" is only a traditional form, often found in such messages. The poetic cliches ridiculed by Pushkin are closest to the samples of the so-called pre-romantic lyrics (cf. the parody of P. P. Sumarokov, No. 35). Our stern-- H. M. Karamzin. Gesner S. - see note. 104. bion-- see Dictionary. V. L. Pushkin wrote direct imitations of Bion: "Student to teacher", etc. 262. "Aonides", 1798--1799, book. 3, p. 115. Pech. according to SVP, p. 133. List - GPB. The role of Sinav. We are talking about the tragedy of A.P. Sumarokov "Sinav and Truvor". Jean Jacques- Rousseau. 263. "Patriot", 1804, N 4, p. 97. Pech. according to SVP, p. 154. Imitation of Horace ("Odes", book 1, ode 9). In "Patriot" - with the following note from the publishers: "The kind poet is now absent. We took advantage of a friend's gift. This piece was written by him, as he was still in the fatherland, for one friendly meeting of all our most famous writers, where everyone was supposed to read the piece his essay." Last verse parodied by M. V. Milonov in his satire "To my mind". Pushkin wrote about this to D. N. Bludov on May 23, 1812: “I heard that Milonov wrote a whole satire on me. I am grateful to him for it. I will become immortal. Dear friend Dashkov would very much like me to respond to Milonov's malicious attacks, but I will not do that. What do the injections of Parnassian midges mean to me. However, in relation to him I am only to blame for showing him friendship and courtesy; this consoles me against all his present and future satires" (RA, 1899, N 7, p. 460; original in French). Virgil of the Russian countries-- Kheraskov (see note 93). 264. "Flower Garden", 1810, N 12, p. 357, no epigraph; V. Pushkin, Two Messages, St. Petersburg, 1811, p. 1. Print. according to SVP, p. 7. This message, together with the articles by D. V. Dashkov in the same "Flower Garden" is one of the first detailed speeches of the future Arzamas residents against the future "talkers". Sustained in the traditions of classical satire and based on the authorities of Horace and Boileau, the message, according to D. Khvostov, "has lost much of its brilliance in the press." "This play will make noise, since it was aimed not at the eyebrow, but at the eye of the venerable Arist Shishkov..." (LA, p. 370). Condillac E.-B. (1715-1780) - French sensationalist philosopher, author of popular guides to the study of philosophy and logic. Dumarce S.-Sh. (1676-1756) - famous French grammarian, editor of the linguistic department of the Encyclopedia. Who did not study Russian literacy, as he should, In vain he set off to write tragedies- an allusion to A. A. Shakhovsky, whose tragedy "Deborah, or the Triumph of Faith" was staged in St. Petersburg on January 24, 1810. The poem is loud, in which there is no plan- an allusion to the poem by S. A. Shirinsky-Shikhmatov "Peter the Great". Depreo-- Boileau (see note 104). Pascal B. (1623--1662) - French philosopher. Bossuet-- see note. 112. Synopsis- An abridged exposition of Scripture. Perhaps you mean "Synopsis, or Short message from various chroniclers of Innocent Giziel" 1674 power book-- a selection of chronicles and chronographs compiled in the 16th century. for systematization of annalistic news. And the Pindar of our countries did not write in that style How Bayan sang heroes in his age- an allusion to the article by S. N. Glinka about the poem by S. A. Shikhmatov "Peter the Great", which says: "Singer Feat of Prince Igor Svyatoslavich wrote at the end of the twelfth century; but he disposed words and thoughts in the same way as Lomonosov, who lived in the eighteenth century" (PB, 1810, N 5, p. 116). Baldus- A. S. Shishkov. Further, perhaps, Shishkov’s political accusations of Karamzin and his supporters are meant: “When the monstrous French revolution... made them new language, far different from the language of the Fenelons and Racines, at the same time our literature is modeled on their new and German, distorted French names, literature began to become dissimilar to the Russian language" ("Translation of two articles from La Harpe", St. Petersburg, 1809, p. XIII). Great Wife- Catherine II. Favorite aonid-- I. F. Bogdanovich (see note 144). Arist- A. S. Shishkov. Further, we have in mind his "Reasoning about the old and new style" (St. Petersburg, 1803). Laharpov course-- a course of lectures on the theory of literature by a French philologist, a supporter of classicism J.-F. Laharpe (1740-1803). Shishkov in 1809 published "Translation of two articles from La Harpe". We don't need words, we need enlightenment. This verse was parodied by A. A. Shakhovsky in his poem "Stolen Fur Coats" (1811), where V. L. Pushkin was ridiculed under the name of Spondey. 265. "Two Messages", St. Petersburg, 1811, p. 5, together with the message "To V. A. Zhukovsky". The release of "Two Epistles" was V. L. Pushkin's response to the sharp criticism of A. S. Shishkov, who, in his "Addition to the Discourse on the Eloquence of Scripture" (1811), shortly after the release of "Flower Garden" No. 12 with a message to Zhukovsky, said the following about V. L. Pushkin: "These judges and poets in their messages appeal to Virgils, Homers, Sophocles, Euripides, Horaces, Juvenals, Sallusts, Thucydides, harden only their names and, most surprisingly, having learned piety in " Candide" and morality and knowledge in Parisian lanes, with a damaged heart and a clouded mind, cry out against ignorance and, turning to the shadows of great people, talk about science and enlightenment. V. L. Pushkin included these words of Shishkov in the preface to his "Two Epistles" and answered them as follows: "Risum teneatis, amicii!" (hold your laughter, friends! (lat.). - Ed.). And I, instead of being angry at such a clumsy thing, would rather laugh at her myself from a good heart; but the accusations relating to morality and faith are too important. I had to refute them and, it seems, fulfilled this in the second message, to D.V. Dashkov, who uniformly incurred the wrath of our newest Slavs with courteous criticism. Dashkov-- see note. 118. And glorious Cicero etc. This refers to the famous speeches of Cicero on the charge Verres and in defense moray eels(see Dictionary). And the Seine on the banks etc. During his trip to Europe in 1803-1804. V. L. Pushkin in Paris made acquaintances with outstanding French writers and published in "Mercure de France" prose translations of Russian folk songs, taken by him from the "Pocket Songbook", published by I. I. Dmitriev in 1796. Of the poems of Pushkin himself, written in Paris, only one is known - "The Village Teacher", an imitation of Thomson, dated "January 8, 1804. Paris" (DP, 1804, part 1, p. 120). Evidently there were other poems either printed anonymously or not in print. Vyazemsky gives another version of verse 46: "Delille, Saint-Pierre, Talma were familiar to me there" (P. A. Vyazemsky, Poln. sobr. soch., v. 1, St. Petersburg, 1878, p. 309). Perhaps the mention of Talma is simply a mistake that occurred for a reason widely known friendly relations between V. L. Pushkin and the famous French actor F.-J. Talma (1736-1826). Milonov in his satire "On marriage in big light", ridiculing Vzdorkin - Pushkin, hints that the latter took declamation lessons from Talma. Saint Pierre B. (1737 - 1814) - French writer, author sentimental romance"Paul and Virginia". Delisle-- see note. 250. Fountain L. (1757-1821) - French poet and orator. "Candide"- Voltaire's story. Laharpe-- see note. 264. Old Word- Shishkov. 267. SPV, 1812, N 8, p. 156. Pech. according to SVP, p. 31. Priklonsky P. N.(c. 1770 - after 1825) - a major dignitary; held various high positions, including in the management of Moscow theaters. He was the author of several poems dedicated to Alexander I, translations from Molière and divertissement "The Return of the Militia" (1812). A. S. Pushkin perceived this friendly message as a characteristic poetic manner of V. L. Pushkin and used a slightly modified first verse in his poetic beginning of a letter to Vyazemsky dated August 14, 1831: "Dear Vyazemsky, poet and chamberlain." down country- probably Nizhny Novgorod. 268. SO, 1813, part 3, p. 96; BE, 1815, No. 16, p. 256 (edition designed for musical arrangement, with notes by Professor G.I. Fischer); BE, 1815, No. 17, p. 69. Pech. according to SVP, p. 172. The poem was sent to P. A. Vyazemsky in a letter from Nizhny Novgorod dated December 14, 1812, in which V. L. Pushkin reports on his life in this city after fleeing from Moscow: “I live in a hut, walk in the cold without a fur coat , and there is not a penny of money" (V. Pushkin, Soch., St. Petersburg, 1893, p. 149). I. I. Dmitriev said that these poems by V. L. Pushkin “remind him of a convict who begs for alms under the window and turns around with curses at the street boys who tease him” (RA, 1866, p. 243). 269. BE, 1814, No. 7, p. 208. Pech. according to SVP, p. 18. The poem was written in Nizhny Novgorod, which VL Pushkin visited again in 1814. The author recalls his losses during the war. "I lost in it (in Moscow) all my movable property. My new carriage, droshky, furniture and my precious library - everything burned down," he wrote in a letter to Vyazemsky (V. Pushkin, Soch., St. Petersburg, 1893, p. 249). Dashkov D.V. - see note. 118. Our young poet, Aristarchus etc. - M. V. Milonov, who systematically offended Pushkin in his satires ("To my mind", "On fashionable talkers", "On marriage in high society"). Bard of the North- obviously, G. R. Derzhavin. The intricate singer of his dear lares- K. N. Batyushkov, the author of a friendly message to Zhukovsky and Vyazemsky "My penates" (see PRP, 1814, part 1, p. 55), the style of which (in the spirit of the French poet Gresse) is reproduced here by V. L. Pushkin. 270. RM, 1815, N 2, p. 135. Included in the SVP, p. 14. The message is part of the poetic correspondence that took place in October - November 1814 between P. A. Vyazemsky, V. L. Pushkin and V. A. Zhukovsky. The RM is a kind of collection of poems of this particular genre (sixteen-year-old A. S. Pushkin placed seven of his friendly messages here), which was perceived as a poetic opposition to the flow of solemn odes that appeared in 1814 in connection with the entry into Paris of Alexander I, and played a certain role in the formation of "Arzamas". Lesage A.-R. (1668-1747) French writer. Venerable Karamzin etc. The poems "Liberation of Europe" and "Glory to Alexander I" (1814) are meant. Cornelius-- Corneille P. (1606--1684), French playwright. Ozerov(see notes 121-131) - the author of the tragedies "Oedipus in Athens" (1804), "Fingal" (1805), "Dmitry Donskoy" (1807), "Polyxena" (1809). Suspicious in character and irritated by theatrical intrigues, in 1810 he retired from St. Petersburg to his estate, where he began to have nervous attacks, which later led him to madness. All future residents of Arzamas (P. A. Vyazemsky, K. N. Batyushkov, A. S. Pushkin and V. L. Pushkin) reproached A. A. Shakhovsky with envy and "evil intrigues" against Ozerov. Liars do not stop slandering talents etc. This refers to the revival in 1814 of the activity of the "Conversations of the Lovers of the Russian Word" and, in particular, perhaps the third part of "Plundered Fur Coats" by A. A. Shakhovsky (1814), where V. L. was also affected. Pushkin, and the Horatian cult of "removal from the bustle of the city" close to the future Arzamas. A bunch of commendable ones. Perhaps, they mean the odes of N. P. Nikolev, D. I. Khvostov, A. P. Bunina, N. M. Shatrov. Kokoshkin F. F. (1773-1838) - writer, translator of Molière, friend of S. T. Aksakov, a prominent member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature. Dashkov-- see note. 118. 271. RM, 1815, N 5, p. 133. Slavophiles- so the members of the "Conversations" were sometimes called (cf. "Vision on the banks of Leta" by K. N. Batyushkov). "Fashion Wife"- a popular poetic tale by I. I. Dmitriev. Our imaginary Quintillians. This refers, in all likelihood, to A. S. Shishkov, who published in 1813 the second edition of his "Discourse on the old and new style" with the addition of talk about literature, and D. I. Khvostov, who again published in 1813 the translation "Sciences of Poetry" Boileau and in 1814 "Messages in verse", containing theoretical discussions about poetry and criticism. 272. SVP, p. 24, 25. Addressed to the members of "Arzamas", whose headman was V. L. Pushkin since 1816. His insignificant poems, sent by him as a humorous greeting to friends from the way back to Moscow (see: Satirical Poets, pp. 661- -662), were considered at the meeting of "Arzamas" to the fullest extent of prosody and their author, the headman "Here I am," was demoted to "Votrushka", for which he was seriously offended and sent the poem "To ***" as a reproach and justification . In August 1816, the poems were read at a meeting of "Arzamas", recognized as good, and V. L. Pushkin was returned the title of headman with the nickname "Here I am again." The first, perhaps, dared the fools to tell the truth. This refers, obviously, to the message "To V. A. Zhukovsky" (see No. 264). I killed the evil Gaspar with one verse. This refers to the 50th verse of "The Dangerous Neighbor". Brother- obviously, S. L. Pushkin (1771--1848). They scream on stage. We are talking about A. Shakhovsky's comedy "Lipetsk Waters", presented on the St. Petersburg stage in September 1815, where Zhukovsky is displayed in the caricature image of Fialkin. 273. BE, 1817, No. 6, p. 100. 274. J., 1824, N 17, p. 164, signed: NN. The authorship of V. L. Pushkin is established on the basis of an unpublished article by V. Odoevsky "Something like Cicero's writings, or Oratio pro Milone, or Defense of my friend and neighbor Vasily Buyanov" (GPB), where this epigram is cited and "Vasily Buyanov" is named its author ". The epigram is a response to an article by V.K. Kuchelbecker ( Pumper Nickel)"On the direction of our poetry ...", where V. L. Pushkin was offended as the author of friendly messages ridiculed by Kuchelbecker: "... reads Dumarset, learns the alphabet and logic, never writes either semo or ovamo and wants to be clear" ("Mnemosyne", 1824, part 2, p. 29) and, in addition, contained sharp reviews about French poets Guys and Milvois, and Horace characterized as a "prose poet". For V. L. Pushkin, all three poets were frequent role models. 275. PZ for 1825, p. 156. The poem was written in connection with the departure of the Turgenev brothers from Russia in July 1825. 276. MT, 1826, N 7, p. 84. The poem was written in connection with the planned departure of the seriously ill N. M. Karamzin in 1826 for treatment abroad. This trip did not take place - he died on May 22, 1826. Delphic god-- Apollo. 278. MT, 1829, N 6, p. 129. I'm called a classic by you. Perhaps, V. L. Pushkin was aware of unpublished materials for "Excerpts from letters, thoughts and remarks" by A. S. Pushkin, among which was a parody of V. L. Pushkin's aphorisms "Notes on people and society" ("Literary Museum on 1827", p. 264) - "My uncle once fell ill." There, A.S. Pushkin characterizes his uncle as a "root classic". Tacitus of our creation- refers to the "History of the Russian State" by H. M. Karamzin. Zoil- obviously, M. T. Kachenovsky (see note 112). 279. "Literaturnaya Gazeta", 1830, v. 1, N 19, April, p. 150. 280. V. L. Pushkin, Soch., St. Petersburg, 1893, p. 115. The poem was sent to A. S. Pushkin in July 1830 along with a French note: “I am sending you my message with the corrections just made. Tell me, dear Alexander, are you satisfied with it? I want this message to be worthy dedication to such a wonderful poet as you, in spite of fools and envious people. Though fashionable romanticism sometimes I condemn. VL Pushkin in those years considered himself a "classic" (cf. no. 278). Your message to the noble- "Message to N. B. Yu", dedicated to N. B. Yusupov, sustained in classical traditions ("Literaturnaya gazeta", 1830, N 30). Let him rage, the Moscow Labomel grumbles. This refers to the attacks of N. Polevoy, who accused Pushkin of fawning over the nobles (see: "Morning at the noble master Prince Bezzubov." - MT, 1830, N 10, p. 159). Labomel L. A. (1726-1773) - French critic, ridiculed by Voltaire. Print Godunov to spite them rather. This refers to the permission received by A.S. Pushkin in early May 1830 to print "Boris Godunov". Niebuhr will never be our Muscovite. N. A. Polevoy (1796--1846) published in the MT (1829, N 8. p. 437) an article about Niebuhr, German historian and journalist (1776-1831). The author of the story clumsy work. Perhaps, this refers to the story of F.V. Bulgarin "Dmitry the Pretender". V. L. Pushkin wrote to his brother S. L. Pushkin on October 3, 1829: "Mr. Bulgarin's novel "Dmitry the Pretender" appeared. This Petersburg Walter-Scott is relentless ..." ("Pushkin and his contemporaries", Pgr. , 1915, pp. 365. Original in French). Journalist dry etc. - apparently, N. I. Nadezhdin (1804 - 1856).Exactly 183 years ago, on August 20 (September 1), 1830, an elderly man was dying in a house at 36 Staraya Basmannaya Street. He was 64 years old, he had long been tormented by gout. His nephew came to visit. The dying man came to his senses, lamented that he had little left. He paused and suddenly said:
- How boring are Katenin's articles!
Those were his last words. “Poor Uncle Vasily! the nephew later wrote in a letter to a friend. “This is what it means to die an honest warrior on a shield, le cri de la guerre a la bouche!” (with a battle cry on his lips (French). - Approx. ed.) ".
The nephew was the poet Pushkin, Alexander Sergeevich. And the uncle is also the poet Pushkin, Vasily Lvovich (1766 - 1830). He went down in history as the uncle of "that same" Pushkin: from his literary heritage only the frivolous poem The Dangerous Neighbor (1811) gained fame. But he inspired many poets (including his nephew) to create colorful characters. And the readiness to talk about literature on his deathbed (Pavel Katenin (1792 - 1853) - poet, playwright and critic) deserves respect all the more. Dmitry Bykov wrote in "Elegy on the death of Vasily Lvovich":
Uncle Vasily Lvovich!
How he held on! It's hard -
What's there? - a feat akin -
With hellish smoke, with the Garden of Eden,
Talk about the same
What on all other days (...)
This is great, gentlemen!
Here is the dignity of a man -
Practice on the day of death
Same thing as always!
"Evening" invites you to remember 10 most curious facts from the life of "uncle Vasily Lvovich".
1. Uncle Pushkin could serve as a prototype for "Count Nulin", who "from foreign lands" "show himself like a wonderful beast, / He is now going to Petropolis / with a supply of tailcoats and vests, / hats, fans, raincoats, corsets, / pins, cufflinks , lorgnettes ... ". Vasily Lvovich was a terrible dandy from his youth. Once he was not too lazy to go to St. Petersburg from Moscow only to see the French diplomatic agent Duroc and get acquainted with the latest French fashion. In 1803-1804 Vasily Pushkin visited Paris. Even before he went there, the fabulist Ivan Dmitriev composed an ironic poem “The Journey of N.N. to Paris and London, written three days before the trip. His hero, in whom everyone recognized Vasily Lvovich, was looking forward to what he would buy there: “What tailcoats! pantaloons! / All the latest styles! But Vasily Lvovich in Europe visited not only fashionable tailors, but also took recitation lessons from the famous actor Talma, talked with famous poets.
2. Vasily Pushkin was married, but already 3 years after the wedding, in 1802, he started divorce proceedings. At that time it was a rare and scandalous event. It was possible to issue a divorce only in 1806, Vasily Lvovich was given a church penance. Vasily Pushkin's son-in-law, the son of his sister Elizabeth Matvey Sontsov, said that Vasily Lvovich had only three attachments: sister Anna Lvovna, Prince Vyazemsky and a single-breasted tailcoat, which Vasily Lvovich cut out from an old frock coat.
3. Until 1810, Vasily Pushkin was engaged in literary activity not very active: he created only 20 poems. And in 1811 he suddenly flashed the poem "Dangerous Neighbor". Yevgeny Baratynsky wrote an epigram in which he suggested that these "folding pages" appeared among the "notebook of nonsense" thanks to a "deal with the evil one", i.e. with evil spirits.
4. The poem could not be printed in Russia because of its plot: a fight in a brothel. But Vasily Pushkin willingly read it to his friends. By the way, one of the first readers was the 12-year-old nephew of the author. The poem went from hand to hand in the lists. Vladimir Nabokov wrote that the first edition of the poem appeared in 1815 due to the fact that the Russian diplomat Schilling decided to test the Russian lithographic press - and could not remember a single poem, except for "The Dangerous Neighbor".
5. In the poem "Dangerous Neighbor" there are features of serious literary controversy, and the frivolous theme gives it a particularly piquant taste. Vasily Pushkin was an opponent of the "archaists" - writers who opposed the new vocabulary, borrowed words (the most famous representative was Admiral Alexander Semenovich Shishkov (1754 - 1841)). The hero and his "dangerous neighbor" Buyanov rush to the brothel on a pair of trotters, and the hero calls it the old word "two": understood us. / Well, to hell with the mind and taste! write in a good hour! A comedy by one of the archaists, A.A. Shakhovsky, "New Stern", directed against Karamzin, was to the taste of the heroines from the "merry house": "Two hefty guests laughed, reasoned / And Stern the New was called marvelously. / Direct talent will find defenders everywhere!". The last lines of the poem are also a “hairpin” to the “archaists”: “Blessed, a hundred times blessed, who lives in silence, / And does not go to the host of frantic people, (...) / Who sometimes composes poems out of boredom, / And falls asleep over the Slavic review ".
6. In the poem, in the description of the brothel, there is a line that is mysterious for the modern reader: "Dicks with Chambers grappled along the walls." “Dick” and “Peace” are the names of the letters “x” and “p” in the Old Slavonic alphabet. That is, the walls were either covered with words beginning with these letters, or painted with pictures on which the objects denoted by these words were present. The word "dick" has been around since the 19th century. be used as a euphemism for famous word that starts with the letter "x".
7. In 1812, Vasily Pushkin literally fled from burning Moscow, without money and warm clothes. In a Moscow fire, his house, all his belongings and a precious library were destroyed. Vasily Lvovich settled in Nizhny Novgorod, according to his confession, "lived in a hut", but literary problems worried him much more than everyday ones. After the end of the war, Vasily Lvovich returned to Moscow.
8. Alexander Pushkin hinted at his uncle already in the poem “The Town” (1815): in the hero’s library there is “and you, intricate / Buyanova singer, / In the paintings only rich / And a sample of taste.” In the poem "Uncle, who called the writer brother" (1816), he admits: "You are my uncle and on Parnassus." In "Eugene Onegin" among the neighbors of the Larins there is "my brother cousin Buyanov" - he is, as it were, the "son" of his uncle. At the same time, in letters to Vyazemsky, Pushkin did not speak highly of his uncle's mind and talent and expressed concern that the "Dangerous Neighbor" could be attributed to him, Alexander: "I'm afraid that my cousin will not be considered my son" (January 2, 1822), " he is so stupid that his tongue won't turn around to praise him" (February 6, 1823), "mediocre, like Vasily Lvovich" (January 28, 1825).
9. But Vasily Lvovich spoke well of Pushkin: “unbridled frivolity will pass, but his talent and good heart will remain with him forever” (Vyazemsky, September 23, 1820). True, in the poem “Captain Brave” (1830), which ridicules romanticism (Vasily Lvovich was a fan of classicism), the main Pushkin heroine is mentioned: “I am very engaged in reading, / And romanticism captivated me. / Recently Larina Tatyana / I was given Caliban: / Oh, how interesting he is, dear!
10. On June 6, 2013, the Museum of Vasily Lvovich Pushkin (branch State Museum A.S. Pushkin). Vasily Lvovich lived there from 1824 until his death. The museum is open all days except Monday and Tuesday. And every third Sunday of the month admission is free!
