Type (differ in the value of limiting / non-limiting action):

Imperfect (what to do?) - the meaning of the incompleteness of the action, it did not reach the result, the limit - in the form of n., pr., bud. complex.

Perfect (what to do?) - the value of the completion of the action, it has reached the result, the limit - in the form of pr., bud. simple.

Ways of forming perfective / imperfective verbs

Perfectification - education ch. owls. in. from the non-derivative stem of the verb by attaching prefixes(fly - at + fly);

And also education. owls. in. with suf. - WELL with a one time value ( prick - prick, butt - butt).

Ness verbs. species with prefixes are borrowed from st / sl .: to foresee, to belong, to sympathize.

Imperfectivation - education ch. nesov. kind from ch. owls. species using suffixes - yva, -iva, -va, -eva, -a, -ya(give - give, decide - decide, read - read).

1. Determine the form of the verb, the method of formation of the form (from which verb it was formed) and the indicator of the form.

to sign dispel offend be born sprinkle adjust

wither lock arrange break rebuild beg

species pair

Ch. if possible, form a species pair are divided into:

Correlative in appearance - single-species - two-species

comparable in appearance verbs can form an aspect pair.

species pair form verbs of opposing types with identical lexical meaning, differing only in the seme "ultimateness / infinity of action"

Usually the meaning does not change when perfecting

When perfecting, the prefix often adds an additional shade

Most scientists distinguish purely species prefixes ( to-write, u-drown, s-do). If the verb is formed with the help of a purely specific prefix, then in the dictionary, when interpreting its meaning, there will be a reference to the verb nes. kind.

Many verbs are incompatible in appearance those. single-species.

Single species. ch. nesov. of the form express the absolute infinity of the action, it cannot be completed:

Verbs indicating a connection, relationship (to be numbered, to resemble)

Modal ch. (want, hope, aspire)

Intellectual state (know, believe)

Possession verbs

Ch., denoting position in space

Ch. movements

two-species verbs are those verbs that, with the help of the same stem, can express the meaning of owls. and nesov. kind ( marry, run away, order, marry, bestow, use ..., ch. on –irovat / isova).

2. Underline the pairs in which the verbs are related by aspect, determine the way the aspect is formed and highlight the indicator of the aspect.

a) remake - remake, tie - tie, quit - throw, smash - smash, get - mine, wash off - wash off, sit - sit, sow - sow, freeze - freeze, decide - decide, take - take, say - say, catch - catch, chop - chop.

b) go blind - go blind, look - view, lose weight - lose weight, write - write, build - build, love - love, sit down - sit down, design - design, write - rewrite, swim - swim.

Instruction

All Verbs divided into two kind. To begin with, the term "view" should be given. The view is verb category, which shows how the action occurs in time, expresses the relationship of the action to its result. Category kind in any form, have all Verbs Russian language. How , Verbs perfect and imperfect kind.

Definition of imperfective verbs kind Imperfect verbs kind called Verbs, answering the question "?" and denoting an action without indicating the result, as well as without limiting it in time, the action is long or repetitive (, look, talk, sit, stand).

Imperfect and perfect verbs kind form pairs by sight. The species pair is made up of an imperfect kind and perfect verb kind having the same lexical meaning and differ only in meaning kind: watch - view, write - write, build - build, run - run.

note

on interspecific relations of verbs

Useful advice

to consolidate the studied material, it is necessary to select a large number of examples

Sources:

• Definition of verb types
• perfect form of the verb

The term "verb" came into our speech from Ancient Russia. In those distant times, the Slavs called their alphabet "Glagolitic". AT modern language this part of speech is important place. Verb words are often found in sentences, together with the subject they make up grammatical basis. The verb has a number grammatical features, may be the main minor member suggestions.

Instruction

The action and state of an object are conveyed with the help of having invariable signs of a perfect or imperfect form, transitivity - intransitivity, recurrence - irreversibility and conjugation.

The imperfect is more common in our speech. Usually morphemes help to form a perfect one from it: “look - look”, “shout - shout”. But it also happens vice versa: “- to stitch”, “to decide - to decide”. Such verb variants are species pairs.

If verbs can govern nouns that come with them in the form accusative, and the connection between them is expressed without the help of a preposition, which means they will be considered: “show”, “cook”, “”. Intransitives are not characterized by such subordination: "absent", "take a closer look", "sit".

The suffix -sya (-s) on the suffix indicates that the verb is reflexive. Irrevocables do not have such a suffix. It should be remembered that recurrence indicates intransitivity.

The conjugation is indicated by a set of endings when changing in persons and numbers. It is easy to recognize this feature if the personal ending of the verb is stressed. If the conjugation is not established, it is necessary to pay attention to the infinitive. All, except for "shave" and "lay", verbs ending in -it, and a few excluded from this list (on -et, -at) - make up the II conjugation. The rest represent the I conjugation. Among the verbs, several different conjugations stand out: “want”, “run”, “honor”.

Existing Category the mood of the verb helps to establish how the actions performed relate to reality. Verb words in each of the moods have a certain set of features. Verbs indicative mood actions that actually take place. The concept of the category of time is applied to them. The present and future tenses tend to change by persons and numbers, and the past, instead of a person, by gender. The imperative contains a call to action. A similar form of the verb can be unity with the words “yes”, “come (those)”, “let”. The possibility, certain conditions of action indicates conditional mood, in which the verb must be in the past tense and has the particle "by (b)" with it.

When there may be no person or thing performing the action. The purpose of such verb words is to convey various states nature or man. They have a corresponding name - "impersonal". Examples of the use of such verbs in impersonal sentences: “It was getting dark outside the window”, “I am shivering”.

The usual purpose of a verb in sentences is to act as a predicate. Syntax functions expand when used in : here it can be the subject, perform the function of a sentence. Consider different variants: “Whistle (saying) everyone up!”, “Tourists began to carefully move (part of the predicate) forward”, “Learning (subject) is always useful”, “The guests asked to turn on (additional) music louder”, “The boy expressed a desire seriously engage in (def.) volleyball”, “I came to see (obst.) you.”

note

Linguistic scientists have two points of view about participles and gerunds formed from verbs: they are distinguished as independent parts of speech or verb forms.

Sources:

• general characteristics verbs as parts of speech

Slavic languages sharply opposed to others. Indo-European languages according to the forms of expression of the categories of time and type. Modern system species emerged in linguistics only at the beginning of the 20th century. In order to correctly determine the form of the verb in Russian, it is necessary to take into account a number of reasons.

The aspect of a verb is a lexical and grammatical category of a verb that expresses the relation of an action to its internal limit. An internal limit is a point in the course of an action when the action becomes inactive.

History of the verb aspect category

Until the 20th century In linguistics, 3 types were distinguished:

1. Indefinite view, coinciding with the modern imperfect view.

2. Multiple view. Examples are: sat, walked.

3. Single view, coinciding with the modern perfect view.

AT modern linguistics grammatical types verbs are usually distinguished on the basis of semantics, i.e. values.

In Russian grammar, perfect and imperfect species s.

It can be determined based on the following criteria:

1) Based on semantics.

Perfective verbs denote an action that has reached an internal limit (for example:, did). Imperfective verbs denote an action that has not reached the internal limit (for example: looked, did).

2) For questions.

Perfective verbs answer the question “what to do?”, and imperfective verbs answer the question “?”. For example: (what did you do?) looked, (what did you do?) looked.

3) On the basis of word-formation.

The perfect form is formed with the help of prefixes, the imperfect form - with the help of suffixes. So, the perfective verbs "looked, did" have prefixes, and the imperfective verbs "looked, did" do not.

4) By compatibility.

Imperfective verbs are combined with adverbs "long", "slowly", with the words "every day" and others, and perfective verbs do not have such an opportunity. So, you can say “looked for a long time”, but you cannot use the expression “looked for a long time”.

5) By the difference in the set of word forms.

Perfective verbs cannot be in the present form, and imperfective verbs do not have 3 tense forms.

One of the points in the study of the Russian language is the study of such a part of speech as a verb. The verb has several forms, types, conjugations. In this article, we will dwell on how you can determine the form of the verb. There are only two of them: perfect and imperfect.

Determine the form of the verb using a question

This is the simplest and most reliable option that does not require a large number time and additional knowledge.

Perfective verbs answer the question “What to do (does, did, did)?”, And for imperfective verbs we ask the question “What to do (does, did, did)?”.

Determine the type of the verb by the nature of the action

Perfective verbs denote an action that, by the time the verb is used, has already been completed or will be completed by a certain time (or upon reaching some specific purpose). Also indicate actions that do not need to be repeated. They can denote actions in the future, the main limit is the very implementation of this action. That is, the action is always limited by some framework.

Imperfect verbs are not limited in time and can occur in this moment, denote prolonged action, actions that require repetition.

Example. The verb "to wash" means that something must be completely washed to some certain moment. The action will end when it reaches desired result, means a perfective verb.

The verb "to wash" means that something must be washed for an indefinite period of time. Due to the fact that the time of action is not limited, we can conclude that the verb is imperfective.

However, it is not necessary to determine the form of the verb only by meaning. It will be safer to additionally ask a question, as we did in the first paragraph. This way you can avoid accidental errors.

Determine the form of the verb by parsing the word

Each of the types of verbs has some specific features in word formation. These signs can also tell you what kind of verb you are dealing with.

Perfective verbs are characterized by the following features:

• prefixes "from", "you", "by", "on", "about", etc.,
• suffix "well".

Imperfect verbs are characterized by the following features:

• prefixes "from", "you", "by", "on", "about", etc.,
• suffix "iva", "yva", "va", etc.

After reading this article, you may notice that you can determine the form of the verb very quickly and without much difficulty. You just need to know a few important rules and features, for example, what question is answered by this or that type of verb or what suffix is ​​characteristic for it.

Good afternoon, dear student! Today we will look at types of verbs. Very often my students wonder why there are so many different verbs how to determine their tense and why some verbs are used with prefixes and some without. To understand all these issues, let's look at perfect and imperfective verbs.

You will find the form of imperfective verbs in the dictionary, the verb in this case denotes an action, and from this form verbs of the perfect form are formed. It should be noted that there are a lot of these methods, here are some of them:

With help prefixes, compare:

Imperfect species	Perfect view
To read	Read Has red
To write	Has written
Prepare	Has cooked
To buy	Buy

Please note that we have an exception word that is formed in perfect form without a prefix - this is the verb "Buy". In its imperfect form, this verb is used with the prefix -po.

With the help of different suffixes:

So, if we want to say that the action happens regularly, we need an imperfective verb. If the action happened 1 time at some point or day / hour, etc. and we know about its result, then we are dealing with a perfective verb. These verbs answer the question what to do?"

If we are talking about repetitive actions, then we not only use imperfective verbs that answer the question " what to do?", but we also use different Additional information in the face of adverbs, which just show this repetition. For example,

Anastasia can't cook what to do?), she's cooking rarely. Anastasia cannot cook, she cooks rare.

I bought (what did?) beautiful dress, it is for me goes very well! (result visible) I bought a new dress, it suits me much.

To correctly determine the form of a verb, you can remember some adverbs that will help you correctly decide whether this or that verb exactly refers to certain kind:

Imperfect species
What are they doing? When? How often?

1. Nikita watches a movie Every morning/evening/day, regularly, often, rarely, sometimes, usually.
2. Vitaly buys newspapers
3. We play volleyball

Perfect view
What did they do? When?

1. Nikita watched the film "Titanic" Yesterday, in the evening, in the morning, today, once, on Friday, 2 days ago, already, not yet.
2. Vitaly bought the newspaper "Izvestia"
3. We played volleyball very well

From these examples it can be seen that adverb words can greatly facilitate the definition of one or another type of verb, the main thing is to learn questions and remember these words. To practice, correct these sentences by asking the verbs regular verbs. The sentences are misspelled:

I finished my porridge and went for a walk.
Students stayed at the university, but still mastered the material.
She redid the report for a very long time.
Tanya cried a lot and did not calm down.
The children laughed a lot and the teacher decided to play with them some more.

Remember Please, that imperfective verbs have 3 forms: past, present and future:

Perfective verbs have only 2 tense forms: past and future

Watched and will watch

The form of the past tense changes by numbers:

ran ( singular) and fled (plural) He ran and they ran.

Before you learn how to determine the perfect and imperfect form of a verb, you need to get to know this part of speech in more detail. To begin with, let's figure out what it is.

In Russian, the term verbs is usually understood as independent part speech, which denotes the action of the subject. In order to determine that a word is a verb, it is necessary to ask a question to it. The verb is characterized next questions: what to do, what to do, what to do, what to do, what to do, what to do, what to do, what to do. It is worth noting that the infinitive is characteristic of all verbs. Simply put, this is the indefinite form of the verb. To put any word in indefinite form need to ask the question what to do or what to do? Here are examples of such verbs: read, run, jump, cook, stock up, and so on. This part of speech has its own specific morphological features.

Morphological features of verbs

• Time. The verb has only three tenses. These include the present tense, the past tense and the future.
• View. It is customary to include perfective and imperfective verbs here.
• Transitivity is also one of important features. That is, it is necessary to determine the verb is transitive or intransitive.
• Recurrence. Returnable or non-refundable.
• Conjugation. Everyone knows that in Russian there are two conjugations - the first and second, which are quite easy to determine, for this you need to put the verb in an indefinite form and looking at the ending, determine the conjugation. However, do not forget that there are also exclusion verbs.
• Number. Defined in singular or plural is the given verb.
• Face. The person can be first, second and third.

To determine whether a perfective or imperfective verb is certain word just enough to ask a question. Imperfective verbs answer the questions what to do, what he did, what he does, for example: runs, plays, draws. Perfective verbs answer questions about what he will do, what to do, what he did, for example: smiled, washed himself, wrote, and so on.