Minimum distance from Earth to Jupiter. How far is Jupiter from the Sun - an explanation for children

solar system > Jupiter system > Jupiter> How long to fly to Jupiter

Distance from the Sun to Jupiter at the nearest point (perihelion) and farthest point (aphelion)

How long is the flight from Earth to Jupiter?: distance to the Sun and Earth, rotation in an elliptical orbit, launches of spacecraft Voyager and Juno with photo.

We know that Jupiter is the most big planet solar system. Nose how long to fly to jupiter? And what affects it?

Because of the scale, the gas giant is hard to miss. Already the planet itself is interesting because of its weather conditions and satellites capable of having subsurface oceans. And that means it best places to search for life.

And yet we are not yet preparing a human mission and are only talking about a flight to Mars. The fact is that Jupiter is too far away. How much? Let's see how many years spacecraft flew to Jupiter.

Graphical representation of the distance from Earth to Jupiter

Pioneer 10 was the first to depart in 1972. He spent 640 days, but chose a route that allowed him to explore the outer system, moving away from the planet itself by 130,000 km. A year later, Pioneer 11 flew, which took 606 days. The distance from Jupiter is 21,000 km.

In 1979, Voyager 1 took 546 days to travel, while Voyager 2 took 688 days. On average, it turns out that you will need 550-650 days. But if you want to go into orbit, you have to slow down.

Galileo was the only one in orbit in 1989. He could not go to the planet directly, so he made two gravitational slingshots through the Earth and Venus and spent 2242 days on the road. This deceleration is important, otherwise you will simply miss the object.

The Juno spacecraft went to Jupiter in 2011

In 2016, the Juno spacecraft approached the planet, which took 1795 days. But it is not last visit. We are still interested in satellites, so ESA in 2022 can launch a device that will travel ... 20 years!

The main goal of the mission is Europe, which could save life in its ocean. How long is the flight time? If you just rush past, then about 600 days, and if you aim at an orbital position, then about 2000. Now you know how long it takes to fly from Earth to Jupiter.

Read also:

Position and motion of Jupiter

The structure of Jupiter

Surface of Jupiter

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How far is Jupiter - an explanation for children

Astronomy for kids> Answers to FAQ > How far is Jupiter

Distance from Sun and Earth to Jupiter- a description for children: the rotation of the planet in an elliptical orbit, the point of approach, the duration of the year, how long to fly.

For the little ones it is important to remember that, despite the remoteness, Jupiter shines very brightly. But still ahead of him Venus by brightness level. Of course, depending on the distance between us, Jupiter can change the degree of brightness, which is also related to size and composition. Let's determine the distance to Jupiter together.

What is the distance between Jupiter and Earth - an explanation for children

What is the distance from Earth to Jupiter? To begin explanation for children parents or teachers at school maybe with a story about orbits. The fact is that both planets revolve around sun not in a circle, but in an ellipse, so their distance will constantly change. At their closest point, they are separated by 588 million km. At this moment, the planet seems so bright that it outshines Venus. The maximum distance is 968 million km.

Moon, Venus (closer to the Moon) and Jupiter (right).

Jupiter takes 11.86 years to complete one orbit around the star. So Earth catches up with the planet every 398.9 days, and it seems as if the gas giant is moving backwards. Of course, this retrograde movement model created a lot of problems for early astronomers (for example, for Copernicus), who were based on circular orbits. Everything was resolved thanks to Johannes Kepler, who determined the true planetary route.

How far is Jupiter from the Sun - an explanation for children

What is the distance from the Sun to Jupiter? Important explain to children the concept of elliptical paths. The fact is that the planets are constantly changing their distance. At the nearest point (perihelion), the distance will leave 741 million km from the star, and at the far point (aphelion) - 817 million km. If we take the average distance, then this is 778 million km.

When two bodies move in orbit, the center of mass is formed near the system, which is closer to the most massive object. This is singular point, around which two bodies rotate. So that, children must understand that when we talk about rotation around the Sun, we mean that the planets and the Sun rotate around this point. But massive star still dominates.

In our system, the center of mass for the majority solar-planetary systems(Sun-Earth, Sun-Venus, etc.) is located inside the star. But given the size Jupiter, this system causes the center of mass to shift outside solar diameter.

How long does it take to get to Jupiter - an explanation for children

I wonder how long it takes to fly to Jupiter? Calculate exact time difficult, because many factors will affect the flight: the gravity of the planets, the Sun and satellites that can be used for acceleration. For example, for the ship Galileo, launched in October 1989, it took more than 6 years (December 1995). But he had to go 2.5 billion miles, bypassing Venus, Earth and the asteroid Gaspra.

Artist's rendering of the Juno spacecraft with Jupiter in the background

But Voyager 1 took only 2 years. Launched on September 5, 1997, it made a close pass on March 5, 1979. But this happened only because the mission chose the ideal alignment of the planets.

New Horizons launched off the road on January 19, 2006. The overflight occurred on February 28, 2007, when he was heading towards Pluto and other dwarf planets. It took over 13 months.

Juno, which began its journey on August 5, 2011, took 5 years. All these figures depend not only on the development of technology, but also on how well the planets are located. Now you know the distance to Jupiter from different positions of the orbit in solar system and understand how long it takes to fly to the fifth planet from the Sun.

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solar system > Jupiter system > Jupiter> Distance from Sun to Jupiter

Distance from Sun to Jupiter in kilometers in the photo: position description in the solar system, elliptical orbit, retrograde Jupiter, time of flight to the planet.

Jupiter- the largest planet in the solar system, which can be considered, despite the great distance. Features of its orbit can be seen in the photo, where the distances from the Sun and the Earth are marked.

The planets travel in an elliptical orbital path, so the distance between them is always different. If located at the nearest point, then 588 million km. In this position, the planet even outshines Venus in brightness. At the maximum distance, the distance is 968 million km.

The gas giant takes 11.86 million km for one rotation around the star. The Earth on its way gets to Jupiter every 398.9 days. This retrograde led to problems in models of the solar system, where ideal circular orbits did not agree with the loop of Jupiter and other planets. About elliptical paths Johannes Kepler guessed.

Distance from Jupiter to the Sun?

On average, the distance from the Sun to Jupiter is 778 million km, but due to the ellipticity, the planet is able to approach 741 million km and move away 817 million km.

A center of mass is established between two rotating celestial bodies. Although we say that all the planets orbit the Sun, in fact they are aimed at a specific point of mass. For many planets, this center is located inside the star. But Jupiter is distinguished by an enviable massiveness, therefore for it the point is located outside the solar diameter. Now you know more about the distance from the Sun to the planet Jupiter in kilometers.

How long is the flight to Jupiter?

The flight speed to Jupiter depends on several factors: fuel supply, the location of the planets, speed, the use of a gravitational slingshot.

Galileo set off in 1989 and arrived 6 years later, traveling 2.5 billion miles. He had to go around Venus, Earth and the asteroid Gaspra. Voyager 1 launched in 1977 and arrived in 1979 because it traveled when the planets were in perfect alignment.

New Horizons flew direct in 2006 and arrived in 13 months. Juno, launched in 2011, took 5 years to complete.

ESA plans to launch the JUICE mission in 2022, whose journey will take 7.6 years. NASA wants to send a ship to Europe in the 2020s, which will take 3 years.

Read also:

Position and motion of Jupiter

The structure of Jupiter

Surface of Jupiter

v-cosmose.com

Jupiter made its closest approach to Earth in March

665 million kilometers (or 4.43 AU) suggests that it is very far away. However, for Jupiter's distance from Earth, this is very close. AT this year, March 8, he approached the Earth almost to the very minimum values. This opposition made it possible to see Jupiter as the brightest point in the sky, glowing three times brighter than Sirius. The giant planet was in the sky almost all night and did not disappear until the sky brightened with the sunrise on March 9th.

Close encounters between Earth and Jupiter occur every 13 months. Astronomers call these phenomena "oppositions" because Jupiter and the Sun are on opposite sides relative to the earth. Even through an ordinary 20x optical telescope one could watch this spectacle. Because Jupiter gets so close, you can see a lot of interesting things on the planet's disk in detail. The Great Red Spot, located in the Southern Hemisphere, is an ongoing cyclone the size of the Earth.

It is easy to recognize among the cloudy belts of the planet. You can also consider the four Galilean satellites of the gas giant: the world with active volcanoes - Io, with underground ocean- Europe, with vast cratered plateaus - Callisto and with mysterious depressions - Ganymede.

The Juno space probe is about to observe Jupiter with even more close range. Launched in August 2011, Juno will reach the giant planet on July 4th and will be placed in a polar elliptical orbit with a perigee of just 5500 km from the upper cloud layer. This proximity will allow the probe to study inner Jupiter like no one has done before.

Our knowledge of this world is extremely limited. Even the Galileo probe, which in 1995 was able to go deep into the clouds to a distance of 0.002 of the radius of the planet, could not answer many questions. Juno will lift the veil without even penetrating the clouds. It will spend more than an Earth year in orbit, longer than any other Earth craft. The flight path will cover all latitudes and longitudes, allowing you to fully study the gravitational and magnetic field, and thus find out how the planet works inside. The researchers expect that Juno will definitely find something unknown and mysterious.

Jupiter is made up mostly of hydrogen and only the outer cloud layers can be found in gaseous form. Deep inside, high temperatures and the enormous pressure transforms the gas into an exotic form of a substance known as liquid metallic hydrogen. The most powerful magnetic field almost certainly arises from this state of hydrogen in this vast sphere of electrically conductive liquid.

Other Juno instruments will try to find water in the atmosphere and map cloud temperatures, possibly answering questions related to Jupiter formation and critical climate. Last but not least, there is an innovative JunoCam camera on board that allows you to take color pictures directly. The vast majority of targets for JunoCam will be chosen by the public. Being close to the clouds, the camera will be able to photograph massive storms, strong auroras and of course take pictures yet unknown formations on Jupiter...

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Astronomical coordinates of the planet Jupiter online


Jupiter. General information

Jupiter is the fifth largest planet in the Solar System from the Sun.

Jupiter is the largest of the giant planets.

Known since ancient times. It moves around the Sun at an average distance of 5.203 AU. e. (778 million km).

The orbital eccentricity is 0.048, the inclination of the orbital plane to the ecliptic plane is 1.3°.

Jupiter makes a complete revolution around the Sun in 11.862 years, moving with average speed 13.06 km/s

Mean synodic circulation period 399 days. For 12 years, Jupiter goes around the entire sky along the ecliptic and is visible at opposition as a slightly yellowish star - 2.6 magnitude; second in brilliance only to Venus and Mars during the great opposition.

The visible disk of Jupiter has the shape of an ellipse, the axes of which are visible at an angle of 45.5" and 43.7" at the average opposition. In conjunction with the Sun, Jupiter has an angular size 1/3 less, and the brightness is 0.84 magnitudes weaker than in oppositions.

The visual albedo of Jupiter is 0.67.

The equatorial diameter of Jupiter is 142600 km, the polar one is 134140 km; the compression of Jupiter (1: 15.9) is due to its rapid axial rotation. The rotation period near the equator is 9 hours 50 minutes 30 seconds (P I), and at middle latitudes it is 9 hours 55 minutes 40 seconds (P II).

The volume of Jupiter exceeds the volume of the Earth by 1315 times, and the mass - by 318 times. The mass of Jupiter is 1:1047.39 of the Sun.

The average density (1.33 g / cm 3) differs little from medium density Sun. The acceleration of the force of attraction at the pole of Jupiter is 27.90 m / s 2, at the equator - 25.90 m / s 2: centrifugal acceleration at the equator - 2.25 m / s 2.

The parabolic velocity (escape velocity) on the surface of Jupiter is 61 km/s

The bot calculates the following parameters of this planet:

- declination

- right ascension

- Equatorial coordinates

— Heliocentric coordinates

— Distance from Earth

— Distance from the Sun

- Azimuth and altitude.


Syntax

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And the city locality anywhere in the world.

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what is the distance from earth to jupiter

Jupiter
in numbers:
Weight
317.9 Earth masses (1.9.1027 kg)
Diameter
11.2 Earth diameters (142,984 km)
Density
1.33 g/cm3
Visible surface temperature
-160°C
Duration sidereal day
9.93 hours
Average distance from the Sun
5.20 a. e. (778.33 million km)
Orbital period
11,86 earth years
Tilt of equator to orbit
+3°05`
Orbital eccentricity
0,048
Orbital inclination to the ecliptic
1.31°
Ascending node longitude
100°31`
Average orbital speed
13.06 km/s
Distance from Earth
from 591 million to 965 million km
Number of satellites
39

The distance from Earth to Jupiter is 6.239 AU. e. (1 astronomical unit is equal to 150 million km.)

[link blocked by the decision of the project administration]

http://www.zvezdi-oriona.ru/86828.htm

Minimum 588.5 million kilometers
Maximum 968.1 million kilometers

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/jupiterfact.html

Maximum distance from the Sun: 817 million km

And why do you need it? Are you planning to travel? Well, take me with you!

Jupiter, moving around the Sun at an average speed of 13.06 km / s, makes one revolution in 11,862 Earth years. The distance of Jupiter from the Earth varies from 188 to 967 million km. At opposition, Jupiter is visible as a slightly yellowish star -2.6 magnitude; of all the planets second in brilliance only to Venus and Mars during the great opposition of the latter.

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On March 13, 1781, English astronomer William Herschel discovered the seventh planet in the solar system - Uranus. And on March 13, 1930, American astronomer Clyde Tombaugh discovered the ninth planet in the solar system - Pluto. By the beginning of the 21st century, it was believed that the solar system included nine planets. However, in 2006, the International Astronomical Union decided to strip Pluto of this status.

Known for 60 natural satellites Saturn, most of which were discovered using spacecraft. Most of the satellites are rocks and ice. The largest satellite, Titan, discovered in 1655 by Christian Huygens, is larger than the planet Mercury. The diameter of Titan is about 5200 km. Titan orbits Saturn every 16 days. Titan is the only moon to have a very dense atmosphere, 1.5 times the size of Earth's, and consisting mostly of 90% nitrogen, with a moderate amount of methane.

The International Astronomical Union officially recognized Pluto as a planet in May 1930. At that moment, it was assumed that its mass was comparable to the mass of the Earth, but later it was found that the mass of Pluto is almost 500 times less than the Earth's, even less mass Moon. The mass of Pluto is 1.2 times 1022 kg (0.22 Earth masses). The average distance of Pluto from the Sun is 39.44 AU. (5.9 by 10 to the 12th degree km), the radius is about 1.65 thousand km. The period of revolution around the Sun is 248.6 years, the period of rotation around its axis is 6.4 days. The composition of Pluto supposedly includes rock and ice; the planet has a thin atmosphere composed of nitrogen, methane and carbon monoxide. Pluto has three moons: Charon, Hydra and Nyx.

At the end of XX and early XXI centuries, many objects have been discovered in the outer part of the solar system. It has become clear that Pluto is only one of the largest Kuiper belt objects known to date. Moreover, by at least one of the objects of the belt - Eris - is more large body than Pluto and 27% heavier than it. In this regard, the idea arose to no longer consider Pluto as a planet. On August 24, 2006, at the XXVI General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union (IAU), it was decided to henceforth call Pluto not a "planet", but " dwarf planet".

At the conference, a new definition of the planet was developed, according to which planets are considered to be bodies that revolve around a star (and are not themselves a star), have a hydrostatically balanced shape and have "cleared" the area in the region of their orbit from other, smaller, objects. Dwarf planets will be considered objects that revolve around a star, have a hydrostatically equilibrium shape, but have not "cleared" the nearby space and are not satellites. planets and dwarf planets- it's two different class objects of the solar system. All other objects revolving around the Sun and not being satellites will be called small bodies of the solar system.

Thus, since 2006, there have been eight planets in the solar system: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. Five dwarf planets are officially recognized by the International Astronomical Union: Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, and Eris.

On June 11, 2008, the IAU announced the introduction of the concept of "plutoid". It was decided to call plutoids celestial bodies revolving around the Sun in an orbit whose radius is more radius orbits of Neptune, the mass of which is sufficient to gravitational forces gave them an almost spherical shape, and which do not clear the space around their orbit (that is, many small objects circle around them).

Since for such distant objects as plutoids, it is still difficult to determine the shape and, therefore, their relation to the class of dwarf planets, scientists recommended temporarily assigning to plutoids all objects whose absolute asteroid magnitude (brilliance from a distance of one astronomical unit) brighter +1. If it later turns out that the object assigned to the plutoids is not a dwarf planet, it will be deprived of this status, although the assigned name will be left. The dwarf planets Pluto and Eris were classified as plutoids. In July 2008, Makemake was included in this category. On September 17, 2008, Haumea was added to the list.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the solar system. The stripes and swirls on its surface are cold, wind-blown clouds of ammonia and water. The atmosphere is mostly helium and hydrogen, and the famous Great Red Spot is a gigantic storm larger than Earth that lasts for hundreds of years. Jupiter is surrounded by 53 confirmed moons, as well as 14 temporary ones, which in total is 67. Scientists are most interested in the four most large objects, discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei: Europe, Callisto, Ganymede and Io. Jupiter also has three rings, but they are very hard to see and not as elegant as those of Saturn. The planet is named after the supreme Roman god.

Comparative sizes of the Sun, Jupiter and Earth

The planet is removed from the luminary by an average of 778 million km, which is 5.2. At this distance, light takes 43 minutes to reach the gas giant. The size of Jupiter compared to the Sun is so impressive that their barycenter extends beyond the surface of the star by 0.068 of its radius. planet significantly more earth and much less dense. Their volume correlates as 1:1321, and their mass - as 1:318. From the center to the surface, the size of Jupiter in km is 69911. This is 11 times wider than our planet. The size of Jupiter and Earth can be compared as follows. If our planet was the size of a nickel, then the gas giant would be the size of a basketball. The size of the Sun and Jupiter in diameter are related as 10:1, and the mass of the planet is 0.001 of the mass of the star.

Orbit and rotation

The gas giant has the shortest day in the solar system. Despite the size of Jupiter, a day on the planet lasts about 10 hours. A year, or revolution around the Sun, takes about 12 Earth years. The equator is tilted with respect to its orbital trajectory by only 3 degrees. This means that Jupiter rotates almost vertically and does not have such pronounced changes in the seasons that occur on our and other planets.

Formation

The planet formed along with the entire solar system 4.5 billion years ago when gravity caused it to form from swirling dust and gas. due to the fact that he took most the mass left after the formation of a star. Its volume is twice the rest of the matter of other objects in the solar system. It's made of the same stuff as a star, but the planet Jupiter hasn't grown in size enough to launch thermonuclear reaction. About four billion years ago, the gas giant found itself in its current situation in the outer solar system.

Structure

Jupiter's composition is similar to that of the sun, consisting mainly of helium and hydrogen. Deep in the atmosphere, pressure and temperature rise, compressing hydrogen gas into a liquid. Because of this, Jupiter has the most big ocean in the solar system, consisting of hydrogen instead of water. Scientists believe that at depths, perhaps halfway to the center of the planet, the pressure becomes so great that electrons are squeezed out of hydrogen atoms, turning it into a liquid electrically conductive metal. The rapid rotation of the gas giant causes in it electric currents generating a strong magnetic field. It is still unknown if the planet has central core solid material, or it is a thick super-hot soup of iron and silicate minerals (like quartz) at temperatures up to 50,000 °C.

Surface

As a gas giant, Jupiter has no true surface. The planet consists mainly of rotating gases and liquids. Since the spacecraft can't land on Jupiter, it can't fly away unscathed either. Extreme pressures and temperatures deep within the planet will crush, melt and vaporize a ship that tries to land on it.

Atmosphere

Jupiter looks like a colored tapestry of cloud bands and spots. The gas planet likely has three separate cloud layers in its "sky", which together span about 71 km. The top is made up of ammonia ice. The middle layer, most likely, is formed by ammonium hydrosulfide crystals, and the inner layer is formed by water ice and steam. Bright colours thick bands on Jupiter may be emissions of sulfur and phosphorus-containing gases rising from its interior. The rapid rotation of the planet creates strong eddy currents, dividing the clouds into long dark belts and light zones.

The lack of a solid surface to slow them down allows Jupiter's sunspots to persist for many years. The planet is covered by more than a dozen prevailing winds, some reaching speeds of 539 km / h at the equator. The Red Spot on Jupiter is twice the size of Earth. The formation of a twisted oval shape is observed on giant planet for over 300 years. More recently, three small ovals formed a small Red Spot, about half the size of the larger cousin. Scientists do not yet know whether these ovals and bands encircling the planet are shallow or extend far into the depths.

Potential for life

Jupiter's environment is probably not conducive to life as we know it. The temperatures, pressures and substances that characterize this planet are likely too extreme and lethal for living organisms. While Jupiter is an unlikely place for living beings, the same cannot be said for some of its many moons. Europa is one of the most likely places to search for life in our solar system. There is evidence of the existence of a huge ocean under the icy crust, in which life can be supported.

satellites

Many small ones and four large ones form a solar system in miniature. The planet has 53 confirmed satellites, as well as 14 temporary ones, for a total of 67. These newly discovered satellites have been reported by astronomers and have been given a temporary designation by the International Astronomical Union. As soon as their orbits are confirmed, they will be included in the number of permanents.

Four largest satellite Europa, Io, Callisto and Ganymede were first discovered in 1610 by astronomer Galileo Galilei using an early version of the telescope. These four moons represent one of the most exciting avenues of exploration today. Io is the most volcanically active body in the solar system. Ganymede is the largest of them (even larger than the planet Mercury). Jupiter's second largest moon, Callisto, has few small craters, indicating little current surface activity. Ocean liquid water with the ingredients for life may lie beneath Europa's icy crust, making it a tempting subject to study.

Rings

Discovered in 1979 by NASA's Voyager 1, Jupiter's rings came as a surprise because they were made up of tiny dark particles that can only be seen against the sun. Data from the Galileo spacecraft suggests that the ring system may be formed by the dust of interplanetary meteoroids that crashed into small inner satellites.

Magnetosphere

The magnetosphere of a gas giant is a region of space under the influence of a powerful magnetic field planets. It extends for a distance of 1-3 million km to the Sun, which is 7-21 times the size of Jupiter and narrows in the shape of a tadpole tail for 1 billion km, reaching the orbit of Saturn. The huge magnetic field is 16-54 times more powerful than the earth's. It rotates with the planet and captures particles that have electric charge. Near Jupiter, it captures hordes of charged particles and accelerates them to very high energies, creating intense radiation that bombards nearby moons and can damage spacecraft. The magnetic field causes some of the most impressive in the solar system at the planet's poles.

Study

Although Jupiter has been known since ancient times, the first detailed observations of this planet were made by Galileo Galilei in 1610 using a primitive telescope. And only recently it has been visited by spaceships, satellites and probes. The 10th and 11th Pioneers, the 1st and 2nd Voyagers were the first to fly to Jupiter in the 1970s, and then Galileo was sent into orbit of the gas giant, and a probe was lowered into the atmosphere. Cassini took detailed photographs of the planet on its way to nearby Saturn. The next Juno mission arrived at Jupiter in July 2016.

Significant events

  • 1610: Galileo Galilei made the first detailed observations of the planet.
  • 1973: The first Pioneer 10 spacecraft crossed and flew past the gas giant.
  • 1979: Voyagers 1 and 2 discover new moons, rings and volcanic activity on Io.
  • 1992: Ulysses flew past Jupiter on February 8. Gravity changed the spacecraft's trajectory away from the plane of the ecliptic, bringing the probe into a final orbit over the southern and north poles Sun.
  • 1994: Comet Shoemaker-Levy impacts near Jupiter's southern hemisphere.
  • 1995-2003: The Galileo spacecraft dropped a probe into the gas giant's atmosphere and made long-term observations of the planet, its rings and satellites.
  • 2000: Cassini made its closest approach to Jupiter, at a distance of approximately 10 million km, capturing a highly detailed color mosaic photograph of the gas giant.
  • 2007: pictures taken spaceship NASA's New Horizons on its way to Pluto showed new vistas of atmospheric storms, rings, volcanic Io and icy Europa.
  • 2009: astronomers observed the fall of a comet or asteroid on Southern Hemisphere planets.
  • 2016: Launched in 2011, Juno arrived at Jupiter and began conducting in-depth studies of the planet's atmosphere, its deep structure and magnetosphere in order to unravel its origin and evolution.

pop culture

Jupiter's sheer size rivals its significant presence in pop culture, including movies, TV shows, video games, and comics. gas giant became a prominent point in the Wachowski sisters' sci-fi film Jupiter Ascending, the planet's various moons became home to " cloud atlas”, “Futurama”, “Halo” and many other tapes. In Men in Black, when Agent Jay (Will Smith) says that one of his teachers seemed to be from Venus, Agent Kay (Tommy Lee Jones) replied that she was actually from one of the moons of Jupiter.